Federal government responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021

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# Federal government responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021

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Active COVID-19 emergency orders • Changes to emergency power laws • Federal government responses • Mask requirements • School policies in the 2021-2022 academic year • State vaccine requirement (vaccine passport) policies • State employee vaccine requirements • State plans to end federal unemployment • State unemployment filings • Travel restrictions • Vaccine distribution plans

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Ballotpedia is providing comprehensive coverage on how the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting America's political and civic life. Our coverage includes how federal, state, and local governments are responding, and the effects those responses are having on campaigns and elections.

This page was last updated on December 23, 2021, and is updated weekly on Thursdays. We encourage you to share updates for this page at editor@ballotpedia.org.

This article is an overview of federal policy changes made in response to the coronavirus pandemic under the presidential administrations of Donald Trump (R) and Joe Biden (D). It includes major legislation, executive actions, and department policies. You will find:

* A timeline of federal policy changes under Biden
* A timeline of federal policy changes under Trump
* Information on legislation passed in response to the coronavirus pandemic
* General resources for citizens

## Contents

* 1 Responses by the federal government under the Biden administration
* 2 Responses by the federal government under the Trump administration
* 3 Legislation
* 3.1 Consolidated Appropriations Act
* 3.2 Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act
* 4 General resources
* 5 See also
* 6 Footnotes

## Responses by the federal government under the Biden administration

The following is a list of federal government responses to the coronavirus outbreak since Joe Biden (D) was sworn in as President on January 20, 2021.

* December 22, 2021:
* President Joe Biden (D) signed an executive order extending the student loan repayment moratorium through May 1, 2022.[1]
* The U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized a Pfizer antivirus pill coronavirus treatment for individuals 12 and older.[2]
* December 17, 2021:
* Pfizer and BioNTech requested full approval for use of their coronavirus vaccine in individuals 12 and older. Currently, the vaccine is fully approved for individuals 16 and older, and authorized under an Emergency Use Authorization for individuals 12 and older.[3]
* The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed a lower court’s stay on the federal government’s vaccine requirement for large businesses. The U.S. Department of Labor set Feb. 9, 2022, as the new vaccination deadline.[4]
* December 9, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Emergency Use Authorization to Pfizer’s booster vaccine for individuals aged 16 and 17. Shortly after the FDA’s announcement, the Centers for Disease Control updated its booster recommendations to include that age group.[5]
* December 7, 2021: ​​U.S. District Court Judge Stan Baker, who was appointed to the court by former President Donald Trump (R), suspended enforcement of the federal government’s vaccine requirement for federal contractors.[6]
* December 2, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced that insurance reimbursements for at-home coronavirus tests would be available to individuals with private insurance.[7]
* November 30, 2021:
* U.S. District Court Judge Terry A. Doughty, who was appointed to the court by former President Donald Trump (R), issued an injunction against the Biden Administration’s national vaccine requirement for healthcare workers. This followed Federal District Court Judge Matthew Schelpa’s separate Nov. 29 ruling that temporarily blocked the requirement in 10 states.[8][9]
* Pfizer submitted a request to the FDA for authorization of its booster vaccine for individuals ages 16 and 17.[10]
* A Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel voted 13-10 to recommend approval of a Merck antiviral pill to treat the coronavirus.[11]
* November 26, 2021:
* The Biden administration announced that it would ban travel to the United States from Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe beginning on November 29, 2021, in response to the World Health Organization's (WHO) designation of the omicron variant of COVID-19 as a variant of concern.[12]
* November 19, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expanded Pfizer and Moderna booster vaccination eligibility to all individuals 18 and older. The FDA also authorized the booster expansion on Nov. 19.[13][14]
* November 15, 2021:
* Pfizer announced it had applied for Emergency Use Authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for an antiviral medication to treat the coronavirus in unvaccinated individuals at high risk of severe disease.[15]
* U.S. District Judge Scott Coogler, who was nominated to the court by George W. Bush (R) in 2003, blocked the enforcement of a provision in the American Rescue Plan Act that prevented states from using relief funds to offset tax reductions.[16]
* November 12, 2021: The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit extended its stay on President Joe Biden’s (D) proposed vaccine mandate on certain private business.[17][18]
* November 9, 2021: Pfizer and BioNTech announced they had requested authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to expand eligibility of their booster vaccination to individuals aged 18 and over. Currently, the booster is authorized for individuals aged 65 and older.[19]
* November 8, 2021: The United States began admitting vaccinated international travelers. Air travelers to the United States were also required to show proof of a negative coronavirus test taken within three days of their flight’s departure.[20]
* November 6, 2021: The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit issued a stay on President Joe Biden’s (D) proposed vaccine mandate on certain private business employees after Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton (R) filed a lawsuit against the administration on November 5, 2021, in which he said the mandate was unconstitutional.[21] In their ruling, the panel of three judges said the petitioners "give cause to believe there are grave statutory and constitutional issues" with the mandate.[22]
* November 4, 2021: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued an emergency rule implementing President Biden’s proposed vaccine mandate on certain private business employees. The rule requires the roughly 80 million individuals who work for companies with 100 or more employees to receive a coronavirus vaccine or undergo weekly testing, effective Jan. 4, 2022.[23]
* November 2, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approved the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine for children ages 5-11 in a 14-0 panel vote.[24]
* October 29, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved emergency use authorization of the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine for children ages 5-11.[25]
* October 26, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee recommended emergency use authorization of Pfizer’s coronavirus vaccine in children ages 5-11. In order for the vaccine to be fully approved for that age group, the emergency use authorization needed be approved by the FDA and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).[26]
* October 25, 2021:
* The Biden Administration announced that, beginning Nov. 8, individuals traveling to the United States will be required to show proof of vaccination and a negative coronavirus test taken within three days of traveling.[20]
* The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidance allowing some immunocompromised individuals to receive a fourth booster vaccination. Individuals would be permitted to receive a fourth booster vaccination at least six months after their most recent dose.[27]
* October 21, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) vaccine advisory panel and Director Rochelle Walensky endorsed the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) authorization of Moderna and Johnson & Johnson boosters and its authorization to receive a booster dose from a different pharmaceutical company than the initial dose(s) came from.[28]
* October 20, 2021: The FDA authorized booster shots of Johnson & Johnson's and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine. The FDA also authorized people to mix vaccine doses from different pharmaceutical companies.[29]
* October 12, 2021: Department of Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas announced he would lift restrictions on nonessential travel at the Canadian and Mexican borders for fully vaccinated individuals in early November. Mayorkas, who did not specify a date for when the policy would begin, said travelers coming into the United States would be required to show proof of vaccination. Under the revised policy, the prohibition on nonessential travel was set to stay in place for unvaccinated people. The U.S., Canada, and Mexico agreed to close their borders to nonessential travel in March 2020.[30]
* October 5, 2021: Johnson and Johnson announced that it requested the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorize booster shots of its vaccine.[31]
* October 5, 2021: Pharmaceutical and biotechnology company AstraZeneca announced that it was seeking emergency use authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for an antibody therapy designed to protect against COVID-19.[32]
* October 4, 2021: The Department of Defense announced that civilian employees would be required to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 no later than November 22.[33]
* October 4, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized ACON Laboratories' rapid at-home COVID-19 antigen test. ACON Laboratories said it expects to produce as many as 100 million tests per month by the start of 2022.[34]
* October 1, 2021: Pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. announced that its experimental COVID-19 pill, molnupiravir, reduced hospitalizations and deaths by about 50% in early studies. Merck said it planned to submit the data to and seek emergency authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Merck has a contract with the federal government to supply almost 2,000,000 courses of the drug at $700 per course.[35][36]
* September 22, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized COVID-19 booster shots using Pfizer's vaccine for people 65 and older and people with medical conditions that make them vulnerable to severe cases of COVID-19. The FDA also authorized booster shots for people whose work makes them more likely to contract the virus.[37]
* September 22, 2021: The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) extended restrictions on nonessential travel at the Canadian and Mexican borders through October 21.[38]
* September 14, 2021: Army Surgeon General Lt. Gen. R. Scott Dingle announced that active-duty troops would be required to get a COVID-19 vaccine by December 15, 2021, while National Guard and Army Reserve members would have until June 30, 2022, to get a vaccine.[39]
* September 14, 2021: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services announced that foreign residents applying to immigrate to the United States will be required to get a COVID-19 vaccine as part of the immigration medical examination beginning October 1, 2021.[40]
* September 3, 2021: The Biden administration released a $65.3 billion plan, titled "American Pandemic Preparedness: Transforming Our Capabilities," aimed at laying the groundwork to respond to future pandemics. The plan earmarks $24.2 billion to the development of new vaccines, and $11.8 billion to antiviral therapeutics. The plan also calls for spending $15-20 billion on a hub housed within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that would coordinate a federal pandemic response.[41][42]
* September 1, 2021: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Rochelle Walensky said that unvaccinated people should refrain from traveling over the Labor Day holiday weekend.[43]
* August 30, 2021: The U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights (OCR) opened investigations in Iowa, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Utah to determine if statewide bans on indoor mask requirements in schools violates the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which protects children with disabilities from discrimination. The OCR said it was concerned that bans on masks could affect students with underlying health conditions caused by a disability. The OCR also announced it would also investigate whether the indoor mask requirements violate Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.[44][45]
* August 26, 2021: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Aug. 3 federal eviction moratorium in an unsigned opinion. The Court ruled only Congress could authorize a federal eviction moratorium. Justices Stephen Breyer, Sonya Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan wrote dissenting opinions. [46]
* August 25, 2021: Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin issued a memo requiring military members to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Austin’s memo directed military leaders to “impose ambitious timelines” for mandating vaccines.[47]
* August 23, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) fully approved Pfizer and BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine for people 16 and older. The vaccine remains under an Emergency Use Authorization (UEA) for people 12 and 16 years old.[48]
* August 18, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced he would direct the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to withhold federal Medicare and Medicaid funds from nursing homes that do not require staff to be fully vaccinated.[49]
* August 18, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced a plan to offer a third COVID-19 vaccine shot to Americans beginning September 20, pending Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Biden said the third shot would only be available to people eight months after they got their second shot. [50][51]
* August 18, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) directed the U.S. Department of Education (DoE) to determine if governors or other officials are providing K-12 public school students the opportunity to participate in in-person instruction. Biden authorized Education Secretary Miguel Cardona to investigate tools the DoE can use to ensure students can access the classroom without jeopardizing their health. Cardona said that could involve using the DoE's Office for Civil Rights to investigate discrimination allegations against schools or officials that prohibit students from getting in-person instruction.[52][53][54]
* August 17, 2021: The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) extended a mask requirement that applies to airports, planes, trains, and buses, through January 18, 2022.[55]
* August 13, 2021:  U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia Judge Dabney Friedrich rejected a lawsuit challenging the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) evictions moratorium. Friedrich said she did not have the authority to block the moratorium because of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit's earlier ruling on the CDC's moratorium.[56]
* August 13, 2021: Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D) authorized U.S. House of Representatives members to continue proxy voting through October 1. Proxy voting allows members remotely vote on legislation and participate in committee meetings.[57]
* August 11, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its vaccine guidance to recommend that pregnant women get a COVID-19 vaccine.[58]
* August 9, 2021: Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin announced that he would require military members to get a COVID-19 vaccine no later than the middle of September. Austin said he would move the deadline up if the Food and Drug Administration approves a COVID-19 vaccine earlier than mid-September.[59]
* August 3, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an eviction moratorium prohibiting landlords in areas of the country experiencing what it defines as "substantial or high" levels of COVID-19 spread from removing tenants for nonpayment of rent. The CDC enacted the moratorium to last through October 3.[60]
* July 29, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced that all federal workers and onsite contractors would need to get a COVID-19 vaccine or receive a weekly COVID-19 test.[61]
* July 29, 2021: The Biden administration announced it would allow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ban on evictions to expire on July 31.[62]
* July 27, 2021: The Department of Homeland Security announced that all employees would be required to wear masks and practice social distancing while indoors at work.[63]
* July 27, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its mask guidance to recommend that fully vaccinated people wear masks while indoors in parts of the country with "substantial or high transmission."[64]
* July 26, 2021: The Department of Veterans Affairs announced that employees who work with patients, including doctors and nurses, must get a COVID-19 vaccine within the next two months. Veterans Affairs Secretary Denis McDonough said employees could appeal the requirement on medical or religious grounds.[65]
* July 22, 2021: The Biden administration announced $1.7 million in new funding for testing and vaccine outreach. Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra said $1.6 billion would go toward testing in prisons and homeless shelters, while around $100 million would go toward supporting vaccine outreach in rural areas.[66]
* July 21, 2021: The Department of Homeland Security extended restrictions on nonessential travel to and from Mexico and Canada through August 21.[67]
* July 20, 2021: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services extended the COVID-19 public health emergency an additional 90 days.[68]
* July 12, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced it would apply a new warning to Johnson & Johnson's single dose COVID-19 vaccine after some recipients developed Guillain-Barré syndrome, a disorder that causes the immune system to attack the nerves. The FDA said that it has received around 100 reports of the disorder. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Advisory Committee was scheduled to investigate the reports on July 15 to determine if a causal relationship exists between the vaccine and disorder. At the time the FDA announced the warning, around 12.8 million doses of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine had been administered.[69]
* July 6, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) described new steps his administration would take to raise vaccination rates and combat the Delta variant, including effort to get people vaccinated through door-to-door community outreach. He also said he would send federal teams to places with low vaccination rates to help local officials with contact tracing.[70][71]
* June 29, 2021: In a 5-4 vote, the United States Supreme Court declined to end the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) evictions moratorium. A group of landlords and trade associations filed the lawsuit, which the Court accepted on an emergency basis. CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said she would not extend the moratorium beyond July 31, 2021.[72]
* June 24, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Rochelle Walensky extended a federal evictions moratorium designed to protect renters who lost income because of the coronavirus pandemic through July 31. Walensky said she would not extend the moratorium beyond July 31.[73]
* June 21, 2021: The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) extended restrictions on nonessential travel between Mexico and Canada through July 21.[74]
* June 19, 2021: Department of State spokesperson Ned Price announced the U.S. would send 2.5 million vaccine doses to Taiwan.[75]
* June 17, 2021: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced it would invest $3.2 billion to help develop antiviral pills for COVID-19.[76]
* June 8, 2021: Department of Defense (DoD) press secretary John Kirby announced that the DoD would close three mass vaccination sites, leaving five in operation around the country. The DoD and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) operated 35 sites earlier in the year when demand for vaccines was highest.[77]
* June 3, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced his administration will share 25 million coronavirus doses with foreign countries. Twenty-five million will go to the World Health Organization's (WHO) COVAX initiative, while the remainder will go directly to countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean.[78]
* June 2, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) declared June a "National Month of Action," part of an effort to reach his goal of having 70% of U.S. adults vaccinated by July 4. Biden pointed to a range of private company vaccination incentives, including free beer from Anheuser-Busch and free flights from United Airlines.[79]
* May 26, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) approved the Celebrity Edge to be the first cruise ship in the United States since March 2020 to operate with paying customers. The ship, owned by Celebrity Cruises, will set sail from Florida on June 26 with a fully vaccinated crew. Guests over the age of 16 will be required to have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19.[80]
* May 26, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to sotrovimab, a single-dose monoclonal antibody therapy for treating COVID-19 in adults and children 12 years and older. GlaxoSmithKline, a British pharmaceutical company, developed the drug with Vir Biotechnology, a U.S.-based biotechnology company.[81]
* May 20, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) extended the length of time the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine can be stored in refrigerators from five days to one month.[82]
* May 17, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced he authorized up to 20 million COVID-19 vaccine doses to be shared with other countries by the end of June.[83]
* May 13, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) amended its mask guidance to say fully vaccinated people do not need to wear masks in most indoor and outdoor public settings, regardless of the number of people gathered.[84]
* May 12, 2021: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky adopted an advisory committee's recommendation that the Pfizer and BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is safe for children 12 to 15.[85]
* May 11, 2021: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced that long-term care facilities will be required to report resident and staff vaccinations every two weeks to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network.[86]
* May 10, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized children between the ages of 12 and 15 to receive Pfizer and BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine.[87]
* May 5, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released details for an initiative that will allow cruise lines to test their COVID-19 precautions on short trials trips with volunteers before resuming normal operations. Cruise lines must request authorization from the CDC for a trial trip at least 30 days before departure. Cruise lines can skip test trips if they require 95% of passengers and 98% of crew members to be vaccinated.[88]
* May 5, 2021: U.S. District Judge Dabney Friedrich ruled the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) did not have the authority to enact a moratorium on residential evictions in response to the coronavirus pandemic. The moratorium, which the CDC put in place September 1, 2020, was extended several times and was set to expire June 30. Frierich's ruling called for the moratorium to be ended, but the Justice Department appealed the decision and asked for an emergency stay to keep the moratorium in place in the meantime.[89]
* May 4, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced a goal of getting 70% of Americans partly vaccinated by the 4th of July. To further that goal, Biden said he is directing pharmacies in the federal vaccine program to begin offering vaccinations without an appointment. He also announced that states will no longer be able to carry over unused vaccine doses from one week to the next. Instead, doses will be reallocated to states with higher demand.[90]
* April 27, 2021: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its guidance for fully vaccinated individuals to say they no longer need to wear a mask when gathering outdoors. The guidance says fully vaccinated individuals should still wear a mask when in crowded areas.[91]
* April 27, 2021: The White House announced it would ease COVID-19 travel restrictions on some international students August 1, permitting qualifying students and academics from China, Iran, Brazil, and South Africa to study in the United States.[92]
* April 26, 2021: White House officials said the Biden administration was prepared to share up to 60 million doses of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine with other countries if the vaccine doses pass an Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspection.[93]
* April 23, 2021: The FDA rescinded its recommended pause of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.[94]
* April 21, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) unveiled a tax credit for businesses and nonprofits aimed at offsetting the cost of allowing employees to use paid leave to receive a coronavirus vaccine. The credit, available to organizations with fewer than 500 employees between April 1 and September 30, covers up to 80 hours of leave at $511 per day.[95][96]
* April 16, 2021: The White House announced a $1.7 billion package to assist the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state and local health departments in tracking and combatting COVID-19 variants through genomic sequencing.[97]
* April 14, 2021: Members of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices postponed making a decision about whether to reinstate use of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine after saying it needed more information.[98]
* April 13, 2021: The FDA and CDC recommended all state and local vaccine providers stop administering the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, effective immediately. At the time of the announcement, the federal government was expected to stop distributing Johnson & Johnson vaccines through federally run vaccination sites. The recommendation came after six recipients in the United States developed blood clots within two weeks of vaccination. The CDC’s outside advisory committee was scheduled to meet April 14 to investigate the link between the vaccine and the blood clot cases.[99]
* April 9, 2021: Pharmaceutical company Pfizer and biotechnology company BioNTech requested the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amend its emergency use authorization to allow children ages 12 to 15 to receive their COVID-19 vaccine. The original emergency use authorization restricted the vaccine to those 16 and older.[100]
* April 6, 2021: White House press secretary Jen Psaki told reporters there would not be a federal vaccine database or mandate to obtain a vaccination credential.[101]
* April 6, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced that April 19 was the deadline for states to make all adult Americans eligible to receive a coronavirus vaccine. Previously, Biden had set the deadline for May 1.[102]
* April 2, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its domestic travel guidance for fully vaccinated individuals. The CDC guidelines state that "people who are fully vaccinated with an FDA-authorized vaccine can travel safely within the United States" and do not need to get tested or self-quarantine. The CDC recommends fully vaccinated travelers wear a mask, practice social distancing, and frequently wash their hands.[103]
* April 1, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized Moderna to include up to 15 vaccine doses per vial. The previous limit was 10 doses per vial.[104]
* March 31, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized two at-home COVID-19 tests. The rapid tests, produced by Quidel Corporation and Abbott Laboratories, are self-administered and deliver results within minutes.[105]
* March 30, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) signed a bill extending the deadline to apply for a forgivable loan through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) from March 31 to May 31. The bill also extended the authorization period for new loans through June 30. The bill passed the House 415-3 and passed the Senate 92-7.[106][107]
* March 28, 2021: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky extended a federal evictions moratorium through June 30.[108]
* March 19, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that K-12 students should maintain three feet of distance between one another in schools. Previously, the CDC had recommended a physical distancing requirement of six feet. When masks cannot be worn at all times, such as while eating, the CDC continues to recommend six feet of distance. Middle school and high school students in areas with high rates of COVID-19 spread should still maintain six feet of distance.[109]
* March 17, 2021: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would devote $10 billion of the American Rescue Act of 2021, which President Biden (D) signed March 11, to COVID-19 testing to help schools reopen. The money will fund diagnostic tests to detect symptomatic and asymptomatic teachers, staff, and students.[110]
* March 16, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a template COVID-19 test developers can use to streamline the process of getting an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). The template is geared toward developers working on serial testing programs, which involve testing the same individual multiple times within a few days as a means of detecting asymptomatic cases that a single test might miss.[111][112]
* March 11, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) signed the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. The bill includes $1,400 checks to eligible individuals and an extension of the $300-per-week supplement to federal unemployment benefits through September 6. The bill also allocates funding to small businesses, state and local governments, and COVID-19 vaccination and testing and tracing efforts.[113]
* March 10, 2021: The U.S. House of Representatives voted 220-211 to approve the Senate version of the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which the Senate passed March 6. One Democrat joined with Republicans to vote against the bill. The bill goes to President Joe Biden (D) to sign.[114]
* March 9, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidance that says it is safe for fully vaccinated individuals to gather indoors with other fully vaccinated individuals without wearing a mask. The CDC classifies people as fully vaccinated when it has been two weeks since they have received either the second dose of a two-dose series, like the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, or the first dose of a single-dose vaccine, like the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. The CDC also says that it is permissible for vaccinated individuals to gather indoors with unvaccinated individuals from one other households, so long as no one in the household is at a heightened risk of severe illness from COVID-19.[115]
* March 6, 2021: The U.S. Senate voted 50-49 along party lines to pass the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, a $1.9 trillion dollar package that includes $1,400 relief checks to eligible individuals, an extension of unemployment benefits, economic relief to state and local governments, and funding for COVID-19 testing and vaccinations. Unlike the version of the bill passed by the House, the Senate bill did not include an amendment increasing the minimum wage. The Senate bill also reduced the number of individuals eligible to receive the $1,400 relief checks by lowering the income threshold for individuals and married recipients.[116][117]
* March 1, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EAU) for the Quidel QuickVue At-Home COVID-19 Test.[118]
* February 28, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director Rochelle Walensky signed off on the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ (ACIP) vote to recommend the Johnson & Johnson vaccine to people 18 years and older.[119]
* February 27, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration granted an Emergency Use Authorization (EAU) to pharmaceutical company Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine.[120]
* February 27, 2021: The U.S. House voted 219-212 to pass the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. The $1.9 trillion package includes $1,400 relief checks to eligible individuals, an extension of unemployment benefits, economic relief to state and local governments, and funding for COVID-19 testing and vaccinations. The bill also included a provision that would increase the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025. Two-hundred and nineteen Democrats voted for the bill, while two Democrats joined with 210 Republicans to vote against it.[121][122]
* February 22, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration announced new guidance for vaccine developers that allows them to avoid conducting lengthy, randomized trials for vaccines adapted to combat coronavirus variants. Instead, the guidance allows developers to conduct smaller trials, in order to expedite the review process.[123]
* February 17, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) announced a series of new funding initiatives to combat the coronavirus pandemic, including $200 million to help identify new coronavirus variants through increased genomic sequencing. Additionally, Biden also $650 million to help improve testing at elementary and middle schools, and $815 million to increase the manufacturing of testing supplies.[124]
* February 16, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) extended a federal moratorium on home foreclosures for federally backed mortgages through June 30.[125]
* February 16, 2021: White House press secretary Jen Psaki announced that states would receive an increased supply of vaccines per week going forward. The federal government had been shipping each state around 11 million doses, but that number will increase to 13.5 million.[126]
* February 12, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidance for schools returning to in-person instruction. The report says schools that want to return students to the classroom should use layered mitigation strategies, including universal mask usage, physical distancing, and contact tracing in partnership with local health departments. The CDC said the amount of community spread should guide reopening decisions, as well as the use of in-person, virtual, or hybrid learning schedules. The CDC said schools should be prioritized over nonessential businesses and activities and should be the last to close and the first to reopen.[127]
* February 10, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released new guidance encouraging people to wear a mask with more than one layer after the agency found two masks reduced the transmission of aerosols. The CDC recommended that people wear multilayered masks that fit tightly against the face.[128]
* February 9, 2021: White House COVID-19 coordinator Jeff Zients announced the federal government would directly ship 1 million doses of coronavirus vaccines to 250 federally funded health centers over the next several weeks. As vaccine supply increases, Zients said more doses would be shipped to more community health centers.[129]
* February 9, 2021: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted an Emergency Use Authorization (EAU) to pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly's COVID-19 antibody treatment, which uses a mixture of two monoclonal antibody drugs.[130]
* February 4, 2021: Johnson & Johnson submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Emergency Use Authorization (EAU) of its COVID-19 vaccine.[131]
* February 2, 2021: The U.S. National Park Service (NPS) announced that face coverings are required for all staff and visitors in NPS facilities and outdoors when social distancing can't be maintained.[132]
* February 2, 2021: White House COVID-19 coordinator Jeff Zients announced the federal government would begin sending coronavirus vaccines directly to pharmacies beginning Feb. 11. The first shipment of 1 million doses will go to 6,500 locations. Pharmacies will still need to follow state vaccine distribution plans.[133]
* February 1, 2021: White House COVID-19 advisor Andy Slavitt announced the federal government signed a $231.8 million deal with digital diagnostics company Ellume to support the manufacture and distribution of its COVID-19 Home Test. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued the test an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) on December 15, 2020.[134]
* January 29, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an order requiring all passengers in the United States using public transportation to wear a face mask that fully covers the nose and mouth. This rule applies to those traveling by plane, bus, subway, train, ferry, or ride-share vehicle, and states that masks must be worn when boarding transportation, for the duration of travel, and when disembarking from transportation. The order took effect at 11:59pm EST on February 1, 2021.[135]
* January 28, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines for celebrating the NFL Super Bowl. The guidelines encourage people to stay home and watch the Super Bowl with other members of the household. For people attending the Super Bowl or a watch party, the CDC recommends social distancing, mask-wearing, and avoiding restrooms during high-traffic times. The CDC also says participants should refrain from chanting and cheering.[136]
* January 25, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) issued a proclamation restricting entry into the country by travelers who've been in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil, and the Shengen Area of Europe within 14 days of trying to enter the U.S.[137]
* January 22, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) issued an order directing the U.S. Department of Agriculture to find ways to expand the food stamp program to alleviate food insecurity caused by the coronavirus pandemic. He also issued an order asking the Treasury Department to improve its system for delivering stimulus checks.[138]
* White House statement on President Biden’s new executive actions
* January 21, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) signed 8 executive orders, two directives , and one memorandum related to the coronavirus pandemic. The actions include an order directing the Secretary of Education to develop guidance for returning students to classrooms and a national security directive aimed at strengthening the international response to the pandemic. He also released the details of a national strategy focused on expediting the dispersal of vaccines and reducing the spread of the virus through increased mask usage.[139][140][141]
* Executive Order on a Sustainable Public Health Supply Chain
* Memorandum to Extend Federal Support to Governors’ Use of the National Guard to Respond to COVID-19 and to Increase Reimbursement and Other Assistance Provided to States
* Executive Order on Establishing the COVID-19 Pandemic Testing Board and Ensuring a Sustainable Public Health Workforce for COVID-19 and Other Biological Threats
* Executive Order on Improving and Expanding Access to Care and Treatments for COVID-19
* Executive Order on Ensuring a Data-Driven Response to COVID-19 and Future High-Consequence Public Health Threats
* Executive Order on Supporting the Reopening and Continuing Operation of Schools and Early Childhood Education Providers
* Executive Order on Protecting Worker Health and Safety
* Executive Order on Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel
* Executive Order on Ensuring an Equitable Pandemic Response and Recovery
* National Security Directive on United States Global Leadership to Strengthen the International COVID-19 Response and to Advance Global Health Security and Biological Preparedness
* January 20, 2021: Rochelle Walensky, the Director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), extended a federal moratorium on evictions through March 31, 2021.[142]
* January 20, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) directed the Department of Education to extend a pause on student loan payments and collections through September 30, 2021. Biden also signed an executive order requiring people wear masks and to practice social distancing on federal property.[143][144]

## Responses by the federal government under the Trump administration

The following is a list of federal government responses to the coronavirus outbreak between January 31, 2020, and January 19, 2021, the last full day of Donald Trump's (R) presidency. Click below to see the full list of actions.

* Click to expand

* January 12, 2021: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that, beginning January 26, all travelers to the United States would need to present proof of a negative COVID-19 test taken within three days of departure, regardless of vaccination status. Airlines will be required to verify that all passengers meet the requirement, and deny boarding to those who cannot or will not present a test result.[145]
* January 12, 2021: Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar announced the federal government was changing its vaccine distribution guidelines and recommending states expand the pool of eligible recipients to include everyone 65 and older, including people with underlying health conditions. Additionally, Azar said the federal government would begin shipping second doses to states instead of holding them in reserve. He also announced a new system for allocating vaccines to states. Instead of basing the allocation on the total adult population in a state, the allocation will now be based on the population of people age 65 and older, as well as on how quickly states can administer vaccines.
* January 8, 2021: The Small Business Administration (SBA) announced the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) would reopen to new and some existing borrowers on January 11. Congress allocated $284 billion to the program in Consolidated Appropriations Act, which President Donald Trump (R) signed into law on December 27, 2021. According to the SBA, the new loans will only be available to first-time borrowers working with community financial institutions, which include banks and credit unions that focus on low-income and underserved borrowers, on January 11. Beginning January 13, community financial institutions can distribute loans to borrowers who received PPP money in 2020. The SBA did not specify when the program would open to all other qualified first or second-time borrowers.[146]
* January 6, 2021: At a press conference, Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar said the government would accelerate a program to allocate COVID-19 vaccines to pharmacies this week. Azar said the partnership includes 40 pharmacy chains, and would allow the government to eventually distribute vaccines to around 40,000 locations.[147]
* December 27, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act into law following its passage by the U.S. Senate on December 21, 2020.[148]
* December 21, 2020: The U.S. Senate and U.S. House passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act.[149]
* December 18, 2020: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted emergency use authorization (EUA) to biotechnology company Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine, setting the stage for the federal government to begin distributing the vaccine to states.[150]
* December 15, 2020: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted emergency use authorization to medical technology company Ellume’s over the counter, at-home COVID-19 test. This is the first over the counter COVID-19 diagnostic test approved for emergency use by the FDA.[151]
* December 15, 2020: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released data on biotechnology company Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine, calling the two-dose regimen "highly effective" at preventing infection. The FDA was set to meet December 17 to discuss granting the vaccine an emergency use authorization (EAU).[152]
* December 11, 2020: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for Pfizer and BioNTech’s coronavirus vaccine. This is the first EUA issued for a vaccine developed to combat COVID-19. The EUA allows the vaccine to be distributed throughout the United States.[153]
* December 8, 2020: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a report summarizing Pfizer and BioNTech’s vaccine trials. The report said the data indicated the vaccine is safe and roughly 95% effective. An FDA advisory committee will meet on Dec. 10 to discuss emergency use authorization for the vaccine. Another meeting on Dec. 17 will consider the Moderna vaccine for emergency use authorization.[154]
* December 7, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) signed an executive order directing the Secretary of Health and Human Services to ensure that U.S. citizens have access to COVID-19 vaccines before sharing those vaccines abroad. The order states that once a sufficient supply of vaccines exists to vaccinate all Americans, then the Secretary of Health and Human Services is charged with distributing the vaccine to international allies and partners.[155]
* December 4, 2020: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a report recommending state and local officials issue rules to require the use of masks in all indoor settings outside of the home.[156]
* December 2, 2020: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidance recommending that Americans forego traveling for Christmas.[157]
* December 1, 2020: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, an independent panel within the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), voted 13-1 to recommend that healthcare workers and nursing home staff and residents be the first to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Director Robert Redfield accepted the Committee's recommendations, making them official CDC policy.[158]
* November 30, 2020: Biotechnology company Moderna announced it had applied for emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its COVID-19 vaccine. The FDA was expected to meet on December 17 to review the application, a week after it was set to review a similar vaccine developed by pharmaceutical company Pfizer.[159]
* November 25, 2020: The U.S. Supreme Court announced that its policy of hearing arguments over the phone due to the coronavirus pandemic would continue through January.[160]
* November 19, 2020: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidance discouraging people from traveling over Thanksgiving.[161]
* November 17, 2020: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted an emergency use authorization to a rapid coronavirus test that can be conducted at home developed by Lucira Health. The test can deliver results within 30 minutes.[162]
* November 16,2020: Biotechnology company Moderna announced that its coronavirus vaccine was 94.5% effective at protecting people from COVID-19 in a study of its vaccine trial. As part of the Trump Administration's Operation Warp Speed program, the federal government reached a $1.5 billion agreement with Moderna to buy 100 million doses of the vaccine. The federal government also supplied money for research and development.[163]
* November 16, 2020: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) announced that it was recruiting veteran and non-veterans affairs for clinical vaccine and treatment trials at 50 VA medical centers around the country.[164]
* November 9, 2020: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for an antibody drug that can be used on patients with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. The drug, bamlanivimab, was given to President Donald Trump (R) while he had the virus.[165]
* November 6, 2020: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for a serology test that detects neutralizing antibodies from prior COVID-19 infection. The FDA has previously granted EUAs to antibody tests that detect binding antibodies, which attach to the virus but haven't been observed to decrease the viral infection of cells.[166]
* October 13, 2020: The U.S. Supreme Court issued an emergency order granting the U.S. Department of Commerce's request to pause a lower court decision that required the population count to continue through October 31 while the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit looks at the case. The order was unsigned, with the exception of a dissent by Justice Sonia Sotomayor.[167]
* October 6, 2020: The Department of Homeland Security published a report titled "Homeland Threat Assessment" that summarizes threats posed by state and non-state actors, including the ways the coronavirus pandemic has affected U.S. national security and benefitted foreign rivals.[168]
* October 3, 2020: The Federal Bureau of Prisons allowed non-contact social visits to resume at federal prison facilities. Each facility was tasked with creating a plan for inmate visitations, which included physical distancing and physical barriers.[169]
* October 1, 2020: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced that it would return control of supplies of remdesivir to Gilead Sciences, the biopharmaceutical company that manufactures the COVID-19 drug. Previously, HHS had distributed the drug to states and territories, but a representative for the agency said demand has fallen. Gilead will sell the drug to hospitals. Remdesivir was granted an emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration in May.[170]
* September 28, 2020: The National Park Service (NPS) announced that the Washington Monument would reopen October 1. Visitors will need to acquire tickets online, and masks will be required inside the monument.[171]
* September 28, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) announced that the federal government would send the first batch of a planned 100 million rapid coronavirus tests developed by Abbott Laboratories to states this week. The first shipment was expected to total 6.5 million tests. The tests would be distributed to states based on population data.[172]
* September 22, 2020: Adm. Brett Giroir, the Assistant Secretary for Health and testing czar on the White House coronavirus task force, confirmed that the Trump administration has sent over 250,000 rapid coronavirus tests to historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) as part of an effort to prevent outbreaks in high-risk communities.[173]
* September 21, 2020: In an update on travel restrictions on military installations, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) announced that restrictions had been lifted on 51% of installations around the world.[174]
* September 18, 2020: Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf announced on Twitter that the Department of Homeland Security would extend its prohibition on nonessential travel with Canada and Mexico through October. 21.[175]
* September 16, 2020: The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Department of Defense (DoD) released the Trump Administration's COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategy, which includes guidance for working with states, tribes, territories, and local public health programs and a plan for distributing a vaccine as soon as one receives Emergency Use Authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[176]
* September 15, 2020: Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D) announced that the House would remain in session until lawmakers come to an agreement on another coronavirus stimulus bill.[177]
* September 14, 2020: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) removed a requirement that international travelers from countries like China, Iran, and the United Kingdom deplane at one of 15 designated airports and undergo enhanced health screening. The new strategy, based on evidence that individuals can be asymptomatic, relies on education, illness response, and developing a testing framework with other countries.[178]
* September 10, 2020: States had until September 10 to apply to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for additional unemployment funds through the Lost Wages Assistance (LWA) program.[179]
* September 9, 2020: The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) ended its coronavirus pandemic task force. An official for the agency, which has helped distribute aid to other countries, including ventilators, said other bureaus and divisions will assume the task force's responsibilities.[180]
* September 1, 2020: The White House announced that the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would issue a moratorium on residential evictions through December 31. The moratorium does relieve tenants of the responsibility of paying rent, and landlords can still evict tenants for reasons other than the nonpayment of rent.[181]
* September 1, 2020: White House spokesman Judd Deere announced that the U.S. would not join an international initiative called the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (Covax) Facility whose goal is to develop and distribute COVID-19 vaccines. Covax is being spearheaded by the World Health Organization (WHO), Gavi, and the Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. Deere said, "“The United States will continue to engage our international partners to ensure we defeat this virus, but we will not be constrained by multilateral organizations influenced by the corrupt World Health Organization and China."[182]
* August 28, 2020: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it had authorized the drug remdesivir to be used on all patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Previously, the FDA had permitted the use of remdesivir on patients with severe cases of COVID-19.[183]
* August 27, 2020: A letter sent to governors across the country by Dr. Robert Redfield, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), asked states expedite licensing and permitting so that COVID-19 vaccine distribution sites can be operational by November 1.[184]
* August 26, 2020: The Pentagon lifted travel restrictions on five Air Force bases and three Army bases. The restrictions, originally enacted in March, restricted the movement of military personnel and their families between military installations.[185]
* August 23, 2020: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency order authorizing the use of convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19.[186]
* August 21, 2020: The Department of Defense announced agreements meant to strengthen the domestic industrial base with four companies under the 1950 Defense Production Act. The agreements total $17.4 million, and cover molecular diagnostic testing, satellite communications, laser electronics, and aircraft engine repair.[187]
* August 21, 2020: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention removed a recommendation that travelers quarantine for 14 days after returning from overseas or areas with high rates of COVID-19 spread.[188]
* August 19, 2020: The U.S. The Department of Labor and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a checklist that food manufacturers can use to decide when to safely resume operations.[189]
* August 18, 2020: The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a memo updating its list of workers considered “essential” to include workers who teach and support children through in-person or virtual learning.[190]
* August 14, 2020: The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Department of Defense announced a partnership with healthcare company McKesson Corporation to help distribute a coronavirus vaccine when one is available.[191]
* August 11, 2020: The Trump administration, including the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Defense, announced a $1.5 billion agreement with Moderna Inc. to develop and deliver 100 million doses of a coronavirus vaccine.[192]
* August 10, 2020: Officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Pentagon, and the White House's Operation Warp Speed initiative have piloting vaccine distribution working groups in states such as California, Florida, North Dakota, and Minnesota. The purpose of the working groups is to prepare for distributing a coronavirus vaccine once one is available.[193]
* August 8, 2020: President Trump (R) signed four executive orders for economic relief including a deferment of payroll taxes through the end of 2020 for Americans earning less than $100,000 per year, a deferment of student loan payments through the end of 2020, an extension of eviction moratoriums, and an extension of unemployment benefits with weekly payments at $400.[194]
* August 4, 2020: President Trump (R) announced the federal government would continue to fund the cost of National Guard units deployed to states through the end of the year, though at a lower level than before. Beginning Aug. 21, the federal government will reduce its level of funding for National Guard units assisting states with their coronavirus responses from 100% to 75% for most states. The federal government will continue to pay 100% of the cost for hard-hit states like Florida and Texas.[195]
* August 4, 2020: The Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Defense announced a $2.1 billion deal with French pharmaceutical company Sanofi and British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline to develop and manufacture up to 100 million doses of a coronavirus vaccine for U.S. use.[196]
* August 3, 2020: President Trump (R) signed an executive order that made permanent certain regulatory changes that expanded telehealth services, especially in rural areas.[197]
* July 24, 2020: A federal eviction ban created as part of the CARES Act expired. The ban applied to tenants in federally assisted properties.[198]
* July 23, 2020: Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar renewed the federal public health emergency originally issued in late January. Public health emergencies last for 90 days.[199]
* July 22, 2020: Pharmaceutical company Pfizer and biotechnology company BioNTech announced that they had entered into a $1.95 billion deal with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Defense to supply 100 million doses of a coronavirus vaccine to Americans by the end of 2020.[200]
* July 20, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) announced that he would resume his daily coronavirus briefings. He discontinued the briefings in late April.[201]
* July 16, 2020: On July 16, Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf announced on Twitter that the Department of Homeland Security would extend its prohibition on nonessential travel with Canada and Mexico through Aug. 20.[202]
* July 14, 2020: Retired General Joseph Dunford, who previously served as the chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, withdrew his candidacy to lead a congressional commission established to oversee the Trump administration's handling of the coronavirus relief fund. The five-member commission has been without a chair for the last four months.[203]
* July 7, 2020: The federal government awarded $1.6 billion to Novavax Inc. for clinical studies of a coronavirus vaccine, and $450 million to Regeneron Pharmaceuticals In. to manufacture doses of an experimental treatment for COVID-19.[204]
* July 1, 2020: The U.S. Department of the Interior released public health guidance for the Independence Day celebrations on the National Mall July 4. The Department recommends that people who are not members of the same household keep six feet apart, and asks people to wear masks. The Department is providing 300,000 cloth masks at the event.[205]
* June 30, 2020: The Treasury Department and the IRS announced that the tax deadline would not be extended beyond July 15. The deadline was postponed from April 15 to July 15 due to the coronavirus pandemic.[206]
* June 29, 2020: The Defense Department announced that it had lifted travel restrictions on military installations in ten more states, allowing service members to resume recreational travel and change-of-station moves. Restrictions were also lifted on troops in Guam, Puerto Rico, and South Korea.[207]
* June 29, 2020: Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said the Senate will begin work on the next coronavirus relief bill after the two-week recess over July 4.[208]
* June 24, 2020: The Department of Health and human Services is ending support for 13 federally-managed testing sites, and encouraging states to take them over. The sites are spread across five states, including Texas.[209]
* June 22, 2020: Citing economic disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic, President Trump (R) signed a proclamation restricting the issuance of some visas that permit immigrants to work in the United States. Visas affected include L-1s, H-1Bs, H-4s, H-2Bs, and J-1s. The restrictions take effect June 24 and expire December 31, 2020.[210]
* June 19, 2020: The Department of Defense lifted travel restrictions on additional installations in 46 states and eight host nations, allowing military and civilian personnel to travel to those locations.[211]
* June 19, 2020: The Internal Revenue Service released guidance for individuals participating in retirement plans that describes how they can take advantage of provisions in the CARES Act that related to retirement plans.[212]
* June 17, 2020: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration released a report for nonessential businesses planning on reopening, titled "Guidance on Returning to Work." The guidance includes recommendations for a three-phased reopening strategy.[213]
* June 16, 2020: In a joint press release, the Department of Homeland Security and the Executive Office for Immigration Review announced that Migrant Protection Protocol proceedings and in-person document services would likely resume on July 20.[214]
* June 16, 2020: On June 16, acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf announced that the U.S. would keep restrictions limiting non-essential travel to or from Mexico and Canada in place through July 21.[215]
* June 9, 2020: The Department of Defense announced that it was lifting travel restrictions on installations in 38 states, Washington D.C., and five countries (Bahrain, Belgium, Germany, the U.K., and Japan). Service members could travel between those areas without needing permission. Travel restrictions remained in place in 12 states.[216]
* June 5, 2020: The Department of Veterans Affairs announced that it would resume committal services in all but two VA national cemeteries on June 9.[217]
* June 1, 2020: United States Secretary of Energy Dan Brouilette announced Monday that the Department of Energy will enter the first phase of its reopening plan June 8, allowing some mission-critical personnel to return to work at facilities in Washington and Maryland.[218]
* May 27, 2020: The Department of Defense released new details on the approach it will take to phase out global travel restrictions on military and civilian personnel. The restrictions, which placed limits on deployments, redeployments, and personnel movement within the United States and between counties, will be gradually lifted on a geographic basis.[219]
* May 26, 2020: On May 24, the White House announced it had accelerated a proclamation prohibiting travelers from Brazil from entering the United States, moving the date the restrictions take effect from Thursday, May 28, to Tuesday, May 26 at midnight. The proclamation prohibits foreign travelers who have been in Brazil in the last 14 days from entering the United States.[220]
* May 21, 2020: The Department of Defense ended a ban on new recruits who had been at any point in the past hospitalized for COVID-19. Matthew Donovan, the under secretary of Defense for personnel and readiness, said the military would evaluate recruits who had recovered from the disease on a case-by-case basis.[221]
* May 19, 2020: Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf announced the U.S. would extend travel restrictions in place at the Canadian and Mexican borders another 30 days to reduce the spread of the coronavirus. The restrictions were enacted in late March in cooperation with both countries, and extended for an additional 30 days on April 20. Essential travel, including for trade and commerce, is still allowed, but travel for tourism or recreation is prohibited.[222]
* May 19, 2020: The White House announced that the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, had awarded a $354 million contract to Phlow Corp., a Virginia-based pharmaceutical company, to manufacture generic medicines and ingredients used to treat COVID-19. The four-year contract is part of an effort by the White House to return pharmaceutical manufacturing back to the United States.[223]
* May 19, 2020: President Trump issued an executive order directing federal agencies to remove regulatory barriers to economic activity as part of a coronavirus pandemic recovery effort.[224]
* May 15, 2020: The U.S. House passed a $3 trillion coronavirus relief package and sent it to the U.S. Senate for consideration. The bill was approved 208-199 with 23 not voting.[225]
* May 15, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) announced the creation of Operation Warp Speed, an administration task force meant to help develop a coronavirus vaccine. Moncef Slaoui was named as the task force's chief scientist, and U.S. Army General Gustave Perna was named as its chief operating officer.[226][227]
* May 15, 2020: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued reopening guidelines for businesses and workplaces, including bars and restaurants.[228]
* May 14, 2020: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced that it will publicly post CDC data on all nursing homes across the country by the end of May. The data will include suspected and confirmed cases and deaths at each facility.[229]
* May 12, 2020: House Democrats unveiled a $3 trillion coronavirus relief package.[230]
* May 11, 2020: In a call with state governors, Vice President Mike Pence (R) said the federal government was recommending that states test all nursing home staff and residents over the next two weeks. [231]
* May 5, 2020: Vice President Mike Pence (R) told reporters the White House was considering winding down its coronavirus task force in May or June. Pence has overseen the task force since January. According to Pence, task force responsibilities could be transferred to other federal agencies.[232]
* May 4, 2020: The Supreme Court heard arguments for the first time by conference call.[233]
* April 28, 2020: Trump signed an executive order aimed at keeping meat processing plants open throughout the country. Trump invoked the Defense Production Act to designate meat processing plants as critical infrastructure.[234]
* April 28, 2020: The Supreme Court of the United States announced new procedures for conducting oral arguments via conference call on May 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, and 13. The cases had been previously postponed in March and April. The Court will use a teleconferencing system to hear oral arguments. Several new procedures were announced, including rules, based on seniority, that determine the order in which Justices will ask questions.[235]
* April 24, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) signed the $484 billion aid package passed by Congress earlier in the week. Part of this package included a second round of funding for the Paycheck Protection Program. An additional $320 billion was allocated to the program.[236][237]
* April 23, 2020: The U.S. House voted 212-182 along party lines to establish a special Oversight subcommitteee on coronavirus relief.[238]
* April 23, 2020: The U.S. House passed the $484 billion aid package that the U.S. Senate passed on April 21. The bill was approved 388-5.[239]
* April 22, 2020: Trump signed an executive order temporarily suspending the issuance of new green cards. The order only applies to those applying for a green card residing outside of the country at the time of the order.[240]
* April 21, 2020: The U.S. Senate passed a $484 billion aid package that increased funding for small business loans, hospitals, and testing.[241]
* April 21, 2020: A panel from the National Institutes of Health released guidance concluding that there was not enough data on several different drugs (including hydroxychloroquine) to allow for their use outside of clinical trials when paired with antibiotics.[242]
* April 20, 2020: Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf announced that travel restrictions with Canada and Mexico would be extended another 30 days. The restrictions, implemented in agreement with Canada and Mexico in late March, prohibit nonessential travel.[243]
* April 17, 2020: House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) announced he had named Rep. French Hilll (R-Ark.) to the five-member congressional panel overseeing the implementation of the third coronavirus relief package.[244]
* April 16, 2020: The White House released the Guidelines for Opening Up America Again, offering guidance to state and local officials on a three-phase approach to reopening their economies.[245]
* April 16, 2020: On a call with caucus members, House Rules Committee Chairman Jim McGovern (D-Mass.) suggested a temporary rules change that would allow for remote voting on coronavirus-related legislation.[246]
* April 14, 2020: The White House released a list of participants in Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups. According to a press release, the groups were meant to "work together with the White House to chart the path forward toward a future of unparalleled American prosperity."[247]
* April 14, 2020: Trump announced that the U.S. was suspending funding to the World Health Organization pending a review of the group's actions in response to the coronavirus.[248]
* April 14, 2020: Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) announced that the Senate would not reconvene until at least May 4.[249]
* April 13, 2020: Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) announced that the House would not reconvene until at least May 4.[250]
* April 13, 2020: Trump announced the members of his Council to Re-Open America. Those members are Chief of Staff Mark Meadows, senior adviser Ivanka Trump, senior adviser Jared Kushner, Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin, Director of the United States National Economic Council Larry Kudlow, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, and Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross.[251]
* April 13, 2020: The Supreme Court of the United States announced it would hear 13 cases by teleconference in May. The court announced it would release live audio of the proceedings to the public for the first time in history.
* April 10, 2020: Trump announced he was forming a new council to discuss the process of reopening the U.S. economy. Trump referred to the group as the Opening Our Country Council and said members would be announced on April 14.[252]
* April 8, 2020: Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said that the number of deaths in the United States resulting from the coronavirus would be below his original projection of 100,000 to 200,000.[253]
* April 8, 2020: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced a $500 million contract with General Motors to produce 30,000 ventilators under the Defense Production Act.[254]
* April 7, 2020: Trump replaced Glenn Fine as the acting inspector general of the Defense Department, effectively making him ineligible to serve as chair of the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee. Fine was selected as chair by the other eight members of the committee, who are all inspectors general of various federal departments and agencies. Trump named Sean O’Donnell, the EPA inspector general, to serve as Fine's replacement.[255]
* April 6, 2020: Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) announced he would appoint Bharat Ramamurti to a five-person panel tasked with overseeing the $500 billion in corporate loans distributed as part of the third coronavirus relief package.[256] Each Congressional leader (Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), Schumer, Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), and Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.)) will select one member of the panel, with the McConnell and Pelosi jointly choosing the fifth member.
* April 4, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) announced the deployment of 1,000 military medical personnel to New York City to assist with tending to patients affected by the coronavirus.[257]
* April 3, 2020: The Supreme Court of the United States postponed the oral arguments scheduled for its April sitting. The court was scheduled to hear eight cases from April 20 to April 29.[258]
* April 2, 2020: Pelosi announced that she was creating a special House committee to oversee implementation of the $2 trillion coronavirus relief package. She tapped Majority Whip James Clyburn (D-S.C.) to chair the committee. At the time of the announcement, no other committee members were announced.[259]
* April 1, 2020: The Bureau of Prisons announced it was instituting a 14-day lockdown of all prison inmates. According to TIME, the order affected 22 facilities and 146,000 inmates.[260]
* March 31, 2020: President Donald Trump (R) said on Twitter that he supported a $2 trillion infrastructure bill as the next phase of coronavirus relief.[261]
* March 30, 2020: Glenn Fine, the acting inspector general of the Department of Defense, was selected to lead the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee, which will oversee the implementation of the third coronavirus relief package. He was selected as chair by the other eight members of the committee, who are all inspectors general of various federal departments and agencies.[262]
* March 29, 2020: Trump announced that social distancing guidelines would remain in effect through April.[263]
* March 28, 2020: Trump declared a major disaster in Colorado.[264]
* March 27, 2020: Trump signed the third coronavirus relief package.[265] The U.S. House passed the legislation earlier in the day by a voice vote.[266]
* March 27, 2020: Trump announced that he would use the Defense Production Act to compel General Motors to produce ventilators.[267]
* March 26, 2020: Pelosi said that the House would move to approve the third coronavirus relief package on March 27.[268]
* March 26, 2020: Trump declared major disasters in Maryland and New Jersey.[269]
* March 25, 2020: The U.S. Senate voted 96-0 to pass the third coronavirus relief package, which includes individual payments of $1,200 for individuals making up to $75,000 annually.[270]
* March 25, 2020: Trump declared major disasters in Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, New York, and Texas.[271]
* March 24, 2020: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) announced it would officially use the Defense Production Act to acquire 60,000 coronavirus testing kits.[272]
* March 23, 2020: A vote in the U.S. Senate to move to a final vote on legislation introduced by Majority Leader McConnell failed 49-46. Sixty votes were required to proceed.[273]
* March 22, 2020: Trump declared a major disaster in California.[274]
* March 22, 2020: Trump announced that (FEMA) would fund the activation of U.S. National Guard units in California, New York, and Washington.[275]
* March 20, 2020: The United States and Mexico mutually agreed to close the border to non-essential traffic.[276]
* March 20, 2020: Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin announced that the federal tax filing deadline would be delayed to July 15.[277]
* March 19, 2020: McConnell introduced S.3548, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act). Title 1 contained the provisions creating the Paycheck Protection Program.[278][279]
* March 19, 2020: Sens. John Thune (R-S.D.), Steven Daines (R-Mont.), and Angus King (I-Maine) filed legislation seeking to delay the federal tax filing deadline for 90 days to align with the move made on March 17 by to delay the payment of taxes 90 days. House Ways and Means Chairman Richard Neal (D-Mass.) sent Mnuchin a letter requesting the same.[280]
* March 18, 2020: Trump signed the coronavirus relief bill (H.R. 6201) into law after it was passed by the U.S. Senate.[281][282]
* March 17, 2020: The United States and Canada mutually agreed to close their border to non-essential traffic.[283]
* March 17, 2020: Mnuchin announced that the federal government would give 90 additional days to pay income taxes due on up to $1 million in tax owed.[284]
* March 16, 2020: The U.S. House passed a coronavirus relief bill and sent it to the U.S. Senate for consideration. Pelosi said that the legislation included free coronavirus testing, two weeks of paid sick leave, and paid family and medical leave.[285]
* March 16, 2020: Trump announced social distancing guidelines, including limiting gatherings to fewer than 10 people, avoiding eating and drinking in bars and restaurants, and avoiding unnecessary travel.[286]
* March 16, 2020: The Supreme Court of the United States announced its March argument session, scheduled to begin March 23, would be postponed.[287]
* March 14, 2020: Trump extended the March 11 travel ban to include the United Kingdom and Ireland.[288]
* March 13, 2020: Trump declared a national emergency under the Stafford Act.[289]
* March 12, 2020: Congress announced the U.S. Capitol would be closed through March and House and Senate facilities would be closed to the public.[290]
* March 12, 2020: The Supreme Court of the United States announced that it would remain closed to the public indefinitely.[291]
* March 12, 2020: The White House canceled tours indefinitely.[292]
* March 12, 2020: Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R) canceled a Senate recess scheduled for the week of March 16.[293]
* March 11, 2020: Trump administration announced a 30-day travel ban from European Union countries by foreign nationals.[294]
* March 3, 2020: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lifted restrictions on testing for the coronavirus.[295]
* February 29, 2020: The Trump administration announced a travel ban from Iran by foreign nationals and issues "do not travel" warning for areas in Italy and South Korea.[296]
* February 26, 2020: Trump appointed Vice President Pence to lead the federal government response to the coronavirus.[297]
* January 31, 2020: The Trump administration announced a travel ban from China by foreign nationals.[298]

## Legislation

The widget below lists considered federal legislation related to the coronavirus outbreak.

### Consolidated Appropriations Act

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, comprised a series of amendments made to H.R. 133, the United States-Mexico Economic Partnership Act.[299] The U.S. Senate and U.S. House passed the act on December 21, 2020, and President Trump (R) signed it into law on December 27, 2020.[300]

The $900 billion in spending included:[301][302][303]

* A second round of direct stimulus payments to American citizens based on an income threshold. The act called for $600 payments to individuals who reported an income of $75,000 or less in the 2019 tax year. Above $75,000, the amount is set to decrease, with no payments going to individuals who earned $99,000 or more.
* An extension to an existing moratorium on evictions through January 31, 2021, and $25 billion towards a rental assistance fund.
* $120 billion of funding towards unemployment insurance.
* Federal unemployment benefits of up to $300 per week for qualifying individuals through March 14, 2021.
* An extension of the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance program through April 5, 2021, with the requirement that recipients provide proof of employment or self-employment within 21 days of applying for assistance. The Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation fund was extended for the same duration.
* $325 billion in funding to small businesses, including $284.5 billion to extend the Paycheck Protection Program.
* $20 billion in funding for coronavirus testing, $20 billion for purchasing coronavirus vaccines, and $8 billion to distribute stores of vaccine.
* $82 billion to an Education Stabilization Fund, to remain available through September 30, 2022.

### Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act

On March 19, 2020, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) introduced the CARES Act in the U.S. Senate.[278] After several days of negotations between McConnell, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.), and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, the Senate passed the CARES Act by a 96-0 vote on March 25.[270] On March 27, the U.S. House passed the CARES Act by a voice vote, which does not require a recorded vote total.[266] President Donald Trump (R) signed the legislation on March 27.[265] The $2 trillion included in the legislation includes:

* Roughly $500 billion earmarked for assisting large businesses. Of this $500 billion, roughly $87 billion is allocated to airlines. $55 billion is allocated to help cover employee wages, insurance, and salaries, $25 billion is for passenger air carriers, up to $4 billion for cargo air carriers, and up to $3 billion for airline contractors. The bill creates an inspector general to oversee pandemic recovery. The inspector general, along with a committee, will provide oversight of all loans and other uses of taxpayer dollars. There is a provision of the bill that prohibits the president, vice president, and members of Congress from benefiting from the money allocated to corporations
* Roughly $339.8 billion is set aside for programs carried out by state and local governments. Of this $339.8 billion, $274 billion will be allocated to specific COVID-19 response efforts, and $5 billion will go toward Community Development Block Grants, $13 billion for K-12 schools, $14 billion for higher education, and $5.3 billion for programs for children and families.
* Roughly $377 billion allocated for assisting small businesses. Of this $377 billion, $10 billion for grants of up to $10,000 to provide emergency funds for small businesses to cover immediate operating costs. $350 billion is allocated for the Small Business Administration to provide loans of up to $10 million per business. $17 billion to cover six months of payments for small businesses already using SBA loans.
* Roughly $300 billion is earmarked for aid in the form of individual payments of $1,200 for individuals making up to $75,000 annually.
* Roughly $260 billion is earmarked for expanding unemployment assistance. The bill will raise unemployment payments by $600. It also adds an additional 13 weeks of unemployment insurance.
* Roughly $100 billion is earmarked for hospitals responding to the coronavirus.
* Roughly $24.8 billion is earmarked for food programs. Of that $24.8 billion, $8.8 billion is allocated to schools to provide meals for students, $15.5 billion is going to a food stamps programs called the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, also known as SNAP, and $450 million is allocated to food banks and other community food distribution programs.

In addition to the funding portion of the bill, there are also various provisions regarding higher education. For example, the bill defers payments on federal students loans through Sept. 30 without penalty, allows schools to turn unused work-study funds into supplemental grants, and students who drop out of school as a result of the coronavirus wouldn't have that time away from school deducted from their lifetime limits on subsidized loan and Pell grant eligibility.

## General resources

The chart below shows coronavirus statistics from countries across the world. The information is provided by Real Clear Politics.

Click the links below to explore official resources related to the coronavirus outbreak.

* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
* National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
* Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor
* U.S. Department of Education
* World Health Organization
* Trends in Number of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in the US Reported to CDC, by State/Territory
* Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations, Our World in Data (Number of vaccines administered)
* Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker, New York Times (Progress of vaccine trials)

## See also

* Documenting America's Path to Recovery
* COVID-19 vaccine distribution
* Coronavirus (COVID-19) travel restrictions
* Officeholders and candidates diagnosed with, dead from, or quarantined because of coronavirus
* School responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19 pandemic
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance on school responses to the coronavirus

## Footnotes

1. ↑ The New York Times, "The White House will freeze federal student loan repayments until May 1.," December 22, 2021
2. ↑ Politico, "FDA authorizes Pfizer's Covid-19 pill," December 22, 2021
3. ↑ Politico, "Pfizer and BioNTech ask FDA to approve their Covid-19 vaccine for kids as young as 12," December 17, 2021
4. ↑ The New York Times, "Appeals Court Reinstates OSHA’s Vaccine Mandate for Workers at Larger Businesses," December 17, 2021
5. ↑ Politico, "FDA authorizes Pfizer Covid booster for 16-, 17-year-olds," December 9, 2021
6. ↑ Politico, "Judge blocks Biden’s vaccine mandate for federal contractors," December 7, 2021
7. ↑ The Hill, "Biden to announce insurance reimbursements for at-home COVID-19 tests," December 2, 2021
8. ↑ The New York Times, "A federal judge blocks Biden’s vaccine mandate for U.S. health workers.," November 30, 2021
9. ↑ The New York Times, "A judge temporarily blocks a vaccine mandate for health workers in 10 states.," November 29, 2021
10. ↑ The New York Times, "Pfizer asks the F.D.A. to authorize boosters for 16- and 17-year-olds.," November 30, 2021
11. ↑ The New York Times, "Merck’s Covid Treatment Pill Wins Blessing of F.D.A. Panel," November 30, 2021
12. ↑ Politico, "Biden admin announces travel ban for South Africa and 7 other countries, citing new variant," November 26, 2021
13. ↑ Politico, "CDC chief approves Covid-19 boosters for all adults," November 19, 2021
14. ↑ Politico, "FDA clears Pfizer, Moderna Covid booster shots for all adults," November 19, 2021
15. ↑ The New York Times, "Pfizer asks the F.D.A. to authorize its Covid antiviral pill.," November 16, 2021
16. ↑ Washington Examiner, "GOP states win injunction against tax cut restrictions in Biden relief bill," November 16, 2021
17. ↑ New York Times, "Appeals Court Extends Block on Biden’s Vaccine Mandate for Employers," accessed November 13, 2021
18. ↑ Politico, "Federal court extends stay of Biden administration's vaccine-or-test mandate," accessed November 13, 2021
19. ↑ The Hill, "Pfizer asks FDA to authorize booster shot for all adults," November 9, 2021
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Politico, "Biden administration details looser international travel rules for vaccinated fliers," October 25, 2021
21. ↑ Fox Business, "Federal court of appeals issues temporary halt to Biden vaccine mandate," November 6, 2021
22. ↑ WFAA, "Biden vaccine mandate, challenged by Texas, is halted by federal appeals court," November 6, 2021
23. ↑ New York 1, "Biden admin. unveils details of federal vaccine mandate," November 4, 2021
24. ↑ Politico, "CDC endorses first Covid-19 vaccine for kids 5-11," November 2, 2021
25. ↑ Politico, "FDA authorizes first Covid vaccine for kids ages 5-11," October 29, 2021
26. ↑ The New York Times, "F.D.A. Panel Recommends Covid Shots for Children 5 to 11," October 26, 2021
27. ↑ The Hill, "CDC: Some immunocompromised people can get fourth vaccine dose," October 27, 2021
28. ↑ Politico, "CDC gives green light to Moderna, J&J boosters plus mix-and-match strategy," October 21, 2021
29. ↑ CNBC, "FDA clears Moderna and J&J Covid vaccine boosters, allows ‘mix and match’ shots," October 20, 2021
30. ↑ Department of Homeland Security, "Secretary Mayorkas to Allow Fully Vaccinated Travelers from Canada and Mexico to Enter U.S. at Land Borders and Ferry Crossings," October 12, 2021
31. ↑ CNN, "Johnson & Johnson asks FDA to authorize Covid-19 vaccine booster shots," October 5, 2021
32. ↑ https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/575292-a-strazeneca-asks-for-emergency-use-authorization-in-us-for-covid-19 The Hill, "A​​straZeneca asks for emergency use authorization in US for COVID-19 preventive treatment," October 5, 2021]
33. ↑ The Hill, "Pentagon requires COVID-19 vaccines for civilian employees by Nov. 22," October 5, 2021
34. ↑ USA Today, "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/10/04/fda-acon-laboratories-covid-19-rapid-home-test/5996946001/ USA Today, "FDA authorizes COVID-19 home test from ACON Laboratories, potentially doubling the nation's supply," October 4, 2021
35. ↑ Reuters, "Merck pill seen as 'huge advance,' raises hope of preventing COVID-19 deaths," October 1, 2021
36. ↑ Associated Press, "Merck says COVID-19 pill cuts risk of death, hospitalization," October 1, 2021
37. ↑ ABC News, "FDA authorizes Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine boosters for people 65 and older, other at-risk groups," September 22, 2021
38. ↑ The Hill, "Closure of border with Mexico extended until Oct. 21," September 22, 2021
39. ↑ The Hill, "Army sets June 2022 deadline for troops to receive COVID-19 vaccine," September 14, 2021
40. ↑ U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, "COVID-19 Vaccination Required for Immigration Medical Examinations," September 14, 2021
41. ↑ CNBC, "Biden administration unveils $65 billion plan to combat next pandemics after Covid," September 3, 2021
42. ↑ The Hill, "White House unveils $65B pandemic preparedness plan," September 3, 2021
43. ↑ Washington Post, "Unvaccinated Americans shouldn’t travel during Labor Day weekend, CDC says," September 1, 2021
44. ↑ U.S. Department of Education, "Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights Opens Investigations in Five States Regarding Prohibitions of Universal Indoor Masking," August 30, 2021
45. ↑ Reuters, "U.S. opens investigations into bans on school mask mandates in 5 states," August 30, 2021
46. ↑ CNN, "Supreme Court throws out Biden administration eviction moratorium," August 26, 2021
47. ↑ Associated Press, "Pentagon: US troops must get their COVID-19 vaccines ASAP," August 25, 2021
48. ↑ U.S. Food and Drug Administration, "FDA Approves First COVID-19 Vaccine," August 23, 2021
49. ↑ CBS News, "Biden to tie vaccines for nursing home staff to Medicare and Medicaid funding," August 19, 2021
50. ↑ USA Today, "COVID-19 booster shot for Pfizer, Moderna vaccines will be available Sept. 20," August 18, 2021
51. ↑ Associated Press, "US health officials call for booster shots against COVID-19," August 17, 2021
52. ↑ Education Week, "Biden Administration to Treat Masks in Schools as a Civil Rights Issue," August 18, 2021
53. ↑ The White House, "Ensuring a Safe Return to In-Person School for the Nation’s Children," August 18, 2021
54. ↑ https://blog.ed.gov/2021/08/meeting-the-presidents-call-to-support-the-safe-and-sustained-reopening-of-schools/ Homeroom: the official blog of the U.S. Department of Education," August 18, 2021]
55. ↑ The Washington Post, "Federal mask mandate for planes, buses and trains to extend into next year," August 17, 2021
56. ↑ CNN, "Biden's new eviction moratorium can remain in place for now, judge rules," August 13, 2021
57. ↑ The Hill, "Pelosi extends proxy voting to October," August 13, 2021
58. ↑ CNN, "CDC strengthens recommendation for pregnant women to get vaccinated against Covid-19," August 11, 2021
59. ↑ Associated Press, "COVID vaccines to be required for military under new US plan," August 9, 2021
60. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "Biden Administration Issues New Eviction Moratorium," August 3, 2021
61. ↑ The Hill, "Biden tells federal workers: Get vaccinated or submit to testing," July 29, 2021
62. ↑ Associated Press, "Biden to allow eviction moratorium to expire Saturday," July 29, 2021
63. ↑ Reuters, "DHS imposes mask mandate for employees," July 28, 2021
64. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Interim Public Health Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People," accessed on July 28, 2021
65. ↑ The New York Times, "V.A. Issues Vaccine Mandate for Health Care Workers, a First for a Federal Agency," July 27, 2021
66. ↑ The Hill, "White House announces new funds for COVID-19 testing and vaccination amid delta surge," July 22, 2021
67. ↑ Reuters, "U.S extends travel restrictions at Canada, Mexico land borders through Aug. 21," July 21, 2021
68. ↑ CNN, "US renews 'public health emergency' declaration due to Covid-19 pandemic," July 20, 2021
69. ↑ The Washington Post, "FDA adds new warning on Johnson & Johnson vaccine related to rare autoimmune disorder," July 12, 2021
70. ↑ The Hill, "White House signals new COVID-19 strategy as delta variant spreads," July 6, 2021
71. ↑ KY3, "REPORTS: White House to deploy federal ‘surge response’ teams, Missouri requests help amid rising COVID-19 cases," July 4, 2021
72. ↑ CNN, "Supreme Court allows coronavirus eviction moratorium to remain in place," June 29, 2021
73. ↑ Associated Press, "CDC extends eviction moratorium a month, says it’s last time," June 24, 2021
74. ↑ The Hill, "Border closures with Canada, Mexico extended through July 21," June 21, 2021
75. ↑ Reuters, "EXCLUSIVE U.S. triples vaccines for Taiwan with 2.5 million-dose shipment," June 19, 2021
76. ↑ The New York Times, "The U.S. will spend $3 billion on developing antiviral pills to treat Covid-19," June 17, 2021
77. ↑ The Hill, "Pentagon closing majority of COVID-19 mass vaccination sites," June 8, 2021
78. ↑ The Hill, "White House unveils plan to donate 25 million vaccine doses abroad," June 3, 2021
79. ↑ New York Times, "Biden, Facing July 4 Deadline, Rallies Nation With Vaccination Incentives," June 2, 2021
80. ↑ The Hill, "CDC approves first cruise ship to sail with paying passengers in June," May 27, 2021
81. ↑ The Hill, "FDA grants emergency use authorization to COVID-19 antibody drug," May 26, 2021
82. ↑ The Hill, "FDA allowing longer refrigerator storage for Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines," May 20, 2021
83. ↑ The Hill, "White House to send US-authorized vaccines overseas for first time," May 17, 2021
84. ↑ The Hill, "CDC says vaccinated people can take masks off indoors and outdoors," May 13, 2021
85. ↑ New York Times, "C.D.C. Advisers Endorse Pfizer Vaccine for Children Ages 12 to 15," May 12, 2021
86. ↑ The Hill, "Medicare requiring nursing homes to report weekly vaccination statistics," May 11, 2021
87. ↑ NBC News, "FDA authorizes Pfizer vaccine for children 12 to 15," May 10, 2021
88. ↑ The Hill, "CDC guidance to allow cruise lines to apply for trial trips with volunteer passengers," May 5, 2021
89. ↑ The Washington Post, "Federal judge vacates CDC’s nationwide eviction moratorium," May 5, 2021
90. ↑ Poynter, "The new strategy to reach a 70% vaccination rate by July 4," May 5, 2021
91. ↑ Associated Press, "CDC says many Americans can now go outside without a mask," April 27, 2021
92. ↑ The Hill, "Biden administration easing travel restrictions on international students," April 27, 2021
93. ↑ New York Times, "The Biden administration is expected to share AstraZeneca doses with other nations after a safety review.," April 26, 2021
94. ↑ The New York Times, "Covid-19 Live Updates: U.S. Recommends J.&J. Shots Restart With Label Noting Rare Clot Risk," April 23, 2021
95. ↑ The White House, "FACT SHEET: President Biden to Call on All Employers to Provide Paid Time Off for Employees to Get Vaccinated After Meeting Goal of 200 Million Shots in the First 100 Days," April 21, 2021
96. ↑ MarketWatch, "Biden deploys tax credits for businesses to encourage paid time off for vaccinations, as goal of 200 million shots achieved," April 21, 2021
97. ↑ New York Times, "The White House details a nearly $2 billion plan to enhance the tracking of variants," April 16, 2021
98. ↑ The New York Times, "C.D.C. Panel Keeps Pause on Use of J&J Vaccine, Citing Need to Assess Potential Risks," April 14, 2021
99. ↑ The New York Times, "U.S. Calls for Pause on Johnson & Johnson Vaccine After Clotting Cases," accessed April 13, 2021
100. ↑ The Hill, "Pfizer, BioNTech request emergency authorization to vaccinate 12- to 15-year-olds," April 9, 2021
101. ↑ The Hill, "White House rules out involvement in 'vaccine passports'," April 6, 2021
102. ↑ CNN, "Biden moves deadline for all US adults to be eligible for Covid vaccine to April 19," April 6, 2021
103. ↑ CDC, "Domestic Travel During COVID-19," April 2, 2021
104. ↑ The Hill, "FDA adjusts Moderna authorization to permit more vaccine doses in each vial," April 1, 2021
105. ↑ The Hill, "FDA authorizes two rapid, at-home COVID-19 tests in major move," April 1, 2021
106. ↑ CBS News, "Biden signs PPP extension into law, moving application deadline to May 31," March 30, 2021
107. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1799 — 117th Congress (2021-2022)," accessed April 1, 2021
108. ↑ Dorchester Reporter, "CDC extends moratorium on evictions through June," March 31, 2021
109. ↑ NBC News, "CDC relaxes distance requirements in schools from 6 to 3 feet," March 19, 2021
110. ↑ CNBC, "Biden administration to invest $10 billion in Covid testing for schools in push to reopen," March 17, 2021
111. ↑ RAPS, "Updated: FDA smooths the path for COVID screening tests," March 17, 2021
112. ↑ U.S Food & Drug Administration, "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA takes steps to streamline path for COVID-19 screening tools, provides information to help groups establishing testing programs," March 16, 2021
113. ↑ The Hill, "Biden signs $1.9 trillion relief bill into law," March 11, 2021
114. ↑ The Hill, "House approves $1.9T COVID-19 relief in partisan vote," March 10, 2021
115. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "When You’ve Been Fully Vaccinated," March 9, 2021
116. ↑ Journal of Accountancy, "Senate passes amended $1.9 trillion COVID-19 stimulus bill," March 6, 2021
117. ↑ CNBC, "The Senate just passed the American Rescue Plan—here’s how it differs from the House version," March 6, 2021
118. ↑ U.S. Food & Drug Administration, "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues Authorization for Quidel QuickVue At-Home COVID-19 Test," March 1, 2021
119. ↑ CDC, "Media Statement from CDC Director Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH, on Signing the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Recommendation to Use Janssen’s COVID-19 Vaccine in People 18 and Older," February 28, 2021
120. ↑ The Associated Press, "J&J’s 1-dose shot cleared, giving US 3rd COVID-19 vaccine," February 28, 2021
121. ↑ United States House of Representatives, "Roll Call 49'," February 27, 2021
122. ↑ Journal of Accountancy, "House passes $1.9 trillion stimulus bill with a variety of small business relief," February 27, 2021
123. ↑ New York Times, "Vaccines Adapted for Variants Will Not Need Lengthy Testing, F.D.A. Says," February 22, 2021
124. ↑ The Hill, "Biden officials announce funds to track virus variants," February 17, 2021
125. ↑ USA Today, "President Biden extends mortgage relief, ban on home foreclosures through June," February 16, 2021
126. ↑ CNBC, "Biden administration increases the number of Covid vaccine doses shipped weekly to states and pharmacies," February 16, 2021
127. ↑ CDC, "Operational Strategy for K-12 Schools through Phased Mitigation," February 12, 2021
128. ↑ NPR, "CDC Says Double-Masking Offers More Protection Against The Coronavirus," February 10, 2021
129. ↑ The Hill, "White House to ship COVID-19 vaccines directly to community health centers," February 9, 2021
130. ↑ The New York Times, "F.D.A. Authorizes Another Antibody Treatment," February 9, 2021
131. ↑ Johnson & Johnson, "Johnson & Johnson Announces Submission of Application to the U.S. FDA for Emergency Use Authorization of its Investigational Single-Shot Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate," February 4, 2021
132. ↑ NPS, "National Park Service implements mask requirement across all parks and federal buildings," February 2, 2021
133. ↑ NBC News, "Federal government to ship Covid vaccines to retail pharmacies next week," February 2, 2021
134. ↑ Ellume, "ELLUME ANNOUNCES $231.8 MILLION AGREEMENT WITH THE U.S. GOVERNMENT," February 1, 2021
135. ↑ Politico, "CDC issues rule requiring travelers to wear face masks," January 30, 2021
136. ↑ CDC, "Large Gatherings," Jan. 28, 2021
137. ↑ Travel and Leisure, "Biden Will Restrict Travel From South Africa, Reinstates Ban to EU, UK, Brazil," January 25, 2021
138. ↑ CNBC, "Biden signs executive orders to increase food stamps benefits and send missing stimulus checks," January 22, 2021
139. ↑ MarketWatch, "All of President Biden’s key executive orders — in one chart," January 21, 2021
140. ↑ Huff Post, "It’s Day 2, And Joe Biden Has A Whole Bunch Of New COVID-19 Orders To Give," January 21, 2021
141. ↑ The Hill, "Biden unveils coronavirus plan, warns it will take months to 'turn things around'," January 21, 2021
142. ↑ CDC, "Media Statement from CDC Director Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH, on Extending the Eviction Moratorium," January 20, 2021
143. ↑ CBS News, "Biden directs Department of Education to extend student loan payment freeze," January 20, 2021
144. ↑ The White House, "Executive Order on Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing," January 20, 2021
145. ↑ New York Times, "U.S. to Require Negative Virus Tests From International Air Passengers," January 12, 2021
146. ↑ Axios, "Small business Paycheck Protection Program to restart next week," January 8, 2020
147. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "U.S. to Send COVID-19 Vaccine to Pharmacies in Hopes of Speeding Shots," January 6, 2020
148. ↑ The New York Times, "Trump Signs Pandemic Relief Bill After Unemployment Aid Lapses," December 27, 2020
149. ↑ The Washington Post, "Senate approves huge spending package, sends economic relief measure to Trump for enactment," December 22, 2020
150. ↑ Axios, "FDA authorizes Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use," December 18, 2020
151. ↑ The Hill, "FDA authorizes first fully at-home, over the counter COVID-19 test," December 15, 2020
152. ↑ Axios, "FDA review confirms Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective," December 15, 2020
153. ↑ U.S. Food and Drug, "FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine," December 11, 2020
154. ↑ Yahoo News, "FDA Finds Pfizer/BioNTech's COVID-19 Vaccine Safe and Effective," December 8, 2020
155. ↑ Whitehouse.gov, "Executive Order on Ensuring Access to United States Government COVID-19 Vaccines," December 8, 2020
156. ↑ The Hill, "CDC urges 'universal' indoor mask use when not at home," December 4, 2020
157. ↑ The Hill, "CDC urges Americans not to travel for Christmas," December 2, 2020
158. ↑ The Washington Post, "Health-care workers and nursing home residents should be the first to get coronavirus vaccines, CDC advisory group says," December 2, 2020
159. ↑ The Hill, "Moderna to apply for emergency use authorization for COVID-19 vaccine candidate on Monday," November 30, 2020
160. ↑ The Hill, "Supreme Court to hear arguments by telephone through January due to coronavirus," November 25, 2020
161. ↑ CNN, "CDC recommends against travel for Thanksgiving," November 19, 2020
162. ↑ Associated Press, "FDA allows 1st rapid virus test that gives results at home," November 17, 2020
163. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "Moderna’s Covid-19 Vaccine Is 94.5% Effective in Early Results, Firm Says," November 16, 2020
164. ↑ VA.gov, "VA recruiting volunteers for COVID-19 clinical trials," November 16, 2020
165. ↑ U.S. Food and Drug Administration, "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Monoclonal Antibody for Treatment of COVID-19," November 9, 2020
166. ↑ U.S. Food and Drug Administration, "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes First Test that Detects Neutralizing Antibodies from Recent or Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection," November 6, 2020
167. ↑ The Washington Post, "Supreme Court says Trump administration can shut down census count now, despite fears of an undercount," October 13, 2020
168. ↑ Corridor News, "Department Of Homeland Security Releases Homeland Threat Assessment," October 7, 2020
169. ↑ Federal Bureau of Prisons, "Bureau to Resume Social Visitation," September 30, 2020
170. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "All Remdesivir Supplies to Be Distributed in U.S. by Maker Gilead Sciences," October 1, 2020
171. ↑ NPS, "Washington Monument to reopen October 1," September 28, 2020
172. ↑ Politico, "Trump admin begins shipping rapid coronavirus tests to states," September 28, 2020
173. ↑ The Hill, "Trump admin sends 250K COVID-19 tests to 41 HBCUs: report," September 23, 2020
174. ↑ Federal News Network, "Pentagon easing pandemic travel restrictions," September 24, 2020
175. ↑ USA Today, "US borders with Canada, Mexico to remain closed through Oct. 21 to 'slow spread of COVID-19'," September 19, 2020
176. ↑ HHS, "Trump Administration Releases COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Strategy," September 16, 2020
177. ↑ Delaware State News, "Pelosi: House to stay in session until COVID-19 rescue pact," September 15, 2020
178. ↑ CDC Newsroom, "Federal Government Adjusts COVID-19 Entry Strategy for International Air Passengers," September 9, 2020
179. ↑ FEMA, "Supplemental Payments for Lost Wages," accessed on September 10, 2020
180. ↑ Politico, "USAID to shut down its coronavirus task force," September 8, 2020
181. ↑ Michigan Advance, "White House orders suspension of residential evictions," September 2, 2020
182. ↑ The Washington Post, "U.S. says it won’t join WHO-linked effort to develop, distribute coronavirus vaccine," September 1, 2020
183. ↑ U.S. Food & Drug Administration, "COVID-19 Update: FDA Broadens Emergency Use Authorization for Veklury (remdesivir) to Include All Hospitalized Patients for Treatment of COVID-19," August 28, 2020
184. ↑ McClatchy DC, "‘Urgent’ request sent to states in push for coronavirus vaccine delivery by Nov. 1," September 2, 2020
185. ↑ Stars and Stripes, "More Air Force, Army installations lift pandemic travel restrictions," August 26, 2020
186. ↑ CNN, "US FDA announces emergency authorization for convalescent plasma to treat Covid-19," August 23, 2020
187. ↑ U.S. Department of Defense, "DOD Announces $17.4 Million in Defense Production Act Title III COVID-19 Actions," August 21, 2020
188. ↑ USA Today, "Returning from overseas or out of state? The CDC removes its 14-day quarantine recommendation," August 23, 2020
189. ↑ U.S. Department of Labor, "U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND FDA DEVELOP CHECKLIST TO PROTECT FOOD INDUSTRY EMPLOYEES AMID THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC," August 19, 2020
190. ↑ U.S. Department of Homeland Security, "ADVISORY MEMORANDUM ON ENSURING ESSENTIAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE WORKERS ABILITY TO WORK DURING THE COVID-19 RESPONSE," August 18, 2020
191. ↑ U.S. Dept of Defense, "Trump Administration Collaborates With McKesson for COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution," August 14, 2020
192. ↑ Department of Health and Human Services, "Trump Administration collaborates with Moderna to produce 100 million doses of COVID-19 investigational vaccine," August 11, 2020
193. ↑ Roll Call, "Exclusive: Federal officials launch vaccine pilot program," August 10, 2020
194. ↑ NBC News, "Trump signs executive orders on coronavirus economic relief," August 8, 2020
195. ↑ The Hill, "Trump authorizes reduced funding for National Guard coronavirus response through 2020," August 3, 2020
196. ↑ Pocono Record, "Sanofi: COVID-19 vaccines for Americans will roll out from Poconos-based plant," August 4, 2020
197. ↑ White House, "President Donald J. Trump Is Expanding Access to Telehealth Services and Ensuring Continued Access to Healthcare for Rural Americans," August 3, 2020
198. ↑ CNBC, "The federal eviction moratorium ends today. Here’s what you need to know," July 24, 2020
199. ↑ Politico, "Trump administration renews public health emergency after urging from states," July 23, 2020
200. ↑ Pfizer, "PFIZER AND BIONTECH ANNOUNCE AN AGREEMENT WITH U.S. GOVERNMENT FOR UP TO 600 MILLION DOSES OF MRNA-BASED VACCINE CANDIDATE AGAINST SARS-COV-2," July 22, 2020
201. ↑ New York Times, "After Dismissing Coronavirus Surge, Trump Wants to Talk About the Virus Again," July 20, 2020
202. ↑ Kamloops This Week, "DHS confirms Canada, U.S. extending mutual travel ban into late August," July 16, 2020
203. ↑ Politico, "Dunford withdraws as pick to lead coronavirus oversight commission," July 14, 2020
204. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "U.S. Commits $2 Billion for Covid-19 Vaccine, Drug Supplies," July 7, 2020
205. ↑ U.S. Department of the Interior, "Interior Presents the 2020 Independence Day Celebration in the Nation's Capital," July 1, 2020
206. ↑ CNBC, "Treasury Department, IRS will not extend Tax Day a second time," June 30, 2020
207. ↑ Military.com "Pentagon Lifts Travel Ban in All Except 3 States," June 29, 2020
208. ↑ Politico, "McConnell eyes next coronavirus package after July recess," June 29, 2020
209. ↑ Politico, "Trump administration ending support for drive-thru testing sites," June 24, 2020
210. ↑ White House", Proclamation Suspending Entry of Aliens Who Present a Risk to the U.S. Labor Market Following the Coronavirus Outbreak," June 22, 2020
211. ↑ U.S. Dept of Defense, "Travel Restrictions: Green Locations, June 19, 2020," June 19, 2020
212. ↑ IRS, "Relief for taxpayers affected by COVID-19 who take distributions or loans from retirement plans," June 19, 2020
213. ↑ JD Supra, "OSHA Issues Guidance for Non-Essential Businesses to Safely Return to Work," June 23, 2020
214. ↑ Department of Homeland Security," "Joint DHS/EOIR Statement on MPP Rescheduling," June 16, 2020
215. ↑ Reuters, "U.S. extends non-essential travel restrictions with Canada, Mexico," June 16, 2020
216. ↑ Forbes, "DoD Travel Restrictions Lifted For Some States," June 9, 2020
217. ↑ U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, "VA national cemeteries resume committal and memorial services halted by the COVID-19 pandemic," June 5, 2020
218. ↑ Federal News Network, "Energy sets ‘phase one’ reopening date for employees in D.C. region on June 8," June 2, 2020
219. ↑ Federal News Network, "DoD rolls out new process to reduce coronavirus travel restrictions," May 27, 2020
220. ↑ Reuters, "U.S. brings forward travel ban as Brazil surpasses its daily death toll," May 26, 2020
221. ↑ The Hill," "Pentagon rescinds ban on recruits previously hospitalized with COVID-19," May 21, 2020
222. ↑ Reuters, "U.S. extends travel restrictions at Canada, Mexico land borders," May 19, 2020
223. ↑ The Washington Post, "Trump takes a first step toward returning medical supply chains to the U.S.," May 19, 2020
224. ↑ White House, "Executive Order on Regulatory Relief to Support Economic Recovery," May 19, 2020
225. ↑ The Hill, "House passes massive $3T coronavirus relief package," May 15, 2020
226. ↑ CNN, "Unveiling vaccine effort, Trump says country will be back with or without one," May 15, 2020
227. ↑ Politico, "Trump names team to develop coronavirus vaccine at ‘Warp Speed’," May 15, 2020
228. ↑ Bloomberg, "CDC Posts Advice on Reopening U.S. Bars, Restaurants and Workplaces," May 15, 2020
229. ↑ 13 News Now, "Federal government to release data on coronavirus outbreak, deaths in long-term care facilities by end of May," May 12, 2020
230. ↑ The Hill, "House Democrats unveil $3 trillion coronavirus relief package," May 12, 2020
231. ↑ The Hill, "White House encourages states to test nursing home residents, staff," May 11, 2020
232. ↑ USA Today, "Trump looks to wind down coronavirus task force as early as this month, Pence says," May 5, 2020
233. ↑ The Hill, "Tech-averse Supreme Court broadcasts teleconference arguments," May 4, 2020
234. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Trump Takes Executive Action to Keep Meat-Processing Plants Open," April 28, 2020
235. ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, "Press Release Regarding May Teleconference Arguments Order of Business," April 28, 2020
236. ↑ PBS News Hour, "Trump signs $484 billion measure to aid employers, hospitals," April 24, 2020
237. ↑ The Hill, "Trump signs $484 billion coronavirus relief package," April 24, 2020
238. ↑ Twitter, "Jamie Dupree on April 23, 2020," accessed April 23, 2020
239. ↑ Politico, "House passes $484 billion relief package after weeks of partisan battles," April 23, 2020
240. ↑ The Hill, "Trump signs executive order limiting immigration," April 22, 2020
241. ↑ The Hill, "Senate passes $484B coronavirus relief package," April 21, 2020
242. ↑ Politico, "NIH panel issues first guidance on coronavirus drugs," April 21, 2020
243. ↑ The Hill, "US announces extended travel restrictions with Mexico, Canada," April 20, 2020
244. ↑ Politico, "Rep. French Hill tapped to serve on coronavirus oversight panel," April 17, 2020
245. ↑ The White House, "Guidelines - Opening Up America Again," accessed April 17, 2020
246. ↑ Politico, "Senior Democrat backs House rules change to allow for proxy voting," April 16, 2020
247. ↑ The White House, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups," April 14, 2020
248. ↑ The Hill, "Trump to halt WHO funding amid review," April 14, 2020
249. ↑ The Hill, "Senate delays expected return until May," April 14, 2020
250. ↑ CNBC, "House will not return to Washington until May 4 unless it has to pass ‘emergency’ bill," April 13, 2020
251. ↑ Yahoo! News, "White House council to reopen America to include Ivanka Trump, Jared Kushner," April 13, 2020
252. ↑ The Hill, "Trump to convene council focused on reopening the country," April 10, 2020
253. ↑ The Hill, "Fauci: 'Looks like' US deaths will be lower than original projection," April 8, 2020
254. ↑ CNN, "HHS to work with GM under Defense Production Act to produce 30,000 ventilators for national stockpile," April 8, 2020
255. ↑ "Politico", "Trump removes independent watchdog for coronavirus funds, upending oversight panel," April 7, 2020
256. ↑ The Hill, "Schumer names former Warren staffer to coronavirus funding oversight board," April 6, 2020
257. ↑ USA Today, "President Trump says US to deploy 1,000 military personnel to New York City to battle coronavirus," April 4, 2020
258. ↑ The Hill, "Supreme Court postpones April arguments," April 3, 2020
259. ↑ The Hill, "Pelosi forms House committee to oversee coronavirus response," April 2, 2020
260. ↑ TIME, "Why Federal Prisons Are Confining Inmates for 2 Weeks to Stop the Spread of Coronavirus," April 2, 2020
261. ↑ The Hill, "Trump backs infrastructure bill as next phase of coronavirus relief," March 31, 2020
262. ↑ Politico, "Pentagon watchdog tapped to lead committee overseeing $2 trillion coronavirus package," March 30, 2020
263. ↑ Politico, "Trump now urging U.S. to hunker down through April," March 29, 2020
264. ↑ The Denver Post, "President Trump approves Colorado’s major disaster declaration," March 28, 2020
265. ↑ 265.0 265.1 The Hill, "Trump signs $2T coronavirus relief package," March 27, 2020
266. ↑ 266.0 266.1 The Hill, "House passes $2 trillion coronavirus relief bill, with Trump to sign quickly," March 27, 2020
267. ↑ The Hill, "Trump uses Defense Production Act to require GM to make ventilators," March 27, 2020
268. ↑ The Hill, "Pelosi vows quick House passage of Senate stimulus Friday," March 26, 2020
269. ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "President Trump declares major disaster in Maryland due to coronavirus, releasing funds after request from Gov. Larry Hogan," March 26, 2020
270. ↑ 270.0 270.1 The Hill, "Senate unanimously passes $2T coronavirus stimulus package," March 25, 2020
271. ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "President Trump declares major disaster in Maryland due to coronavirus, releasing funds after request from Gov. Larry Hogan," March 26, 2020
272. ↑ The Hill, "FEMA chief says Defense Production Act will be used for coronavirus test kits," March 24, 2020
273. ↑ The Washington Post, "Democrats again block key vote on $2 trillion coronavirus bill as Senate floor erupts with partisan anger," March 23, 2020
274. ↑ White House, "President Donald J. Trump Approves California Disaster Declaration," March 22, 2020
275. ↑ CNN, "Trump outlines National Guard activations for New York, California and Washington," March 23, 2020
276. ↑ Politico, "Trump to partially close U.S.-Mexico border," March 20, 2020
277. ↑ The Hill, "Treasury delays tax filing deadline to July 15," March 20, 2020
278. ↑ 278.0 278.1 The Hill, "McConnell introduces third coronavirus relief proposal," March 19, 2020
279. ↑ The Hill, "Senate coronavirus rescue bill would suspend student loan payments for up to six months," March 19, 2020
280. ↑ Politico, "Lawmakers want delay in tax filing deadline amid coronavirus outbreak," March 19, 2020
281. ↑ New York Times, "Relief Package Is Enacted," March 18, 2020
282. ↑ Twitter, "Andrew Desiderio on March 18, 2020," accessed March 18, 2020
283. ↑ The Washington Post, "Trump says border with Canada will be temporarily closed to ‘non-essential traffic,’" March 18, 2020
284. ↑ CNBC, "Treasury and IRS to delay tax payment deadline by 90 days," March 17, 2020
285. ↑ NBC News, "House sends coronavirus relief bill to Senate after delay by Rep. Gohmert," March 16, 2020
286. ↑ Count On 2, "President Trump issues new recommendations, including limiting gatherings to less than 10 people," March 16, 2020
287. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Justices postpone March argument session," March 16, 2020
288. ↑ Politico, "White House adds U.K., Ireland to travel ban, hints at airline aid," March 14, 2020
289. ↑ NPR, "WATCH: President Trump Declares National Emergency Amid The Coronavirus Pandemic," March 13, 2020
290. ↑ U.S. News & World Report, "Capitol, White House Closed to Public Due to Coronavirus," March 12, 2020
291. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court to close to public in pandemic," March 12, 2020
292. ↑ CNBC, "Congress shuts down Capitol to the public, White House cancels tours amid coronavirus pandemic," March 12, 2020
293. ↑ CNBC, "Senate will cancel next week’s recess as Congress works to pass coronavirus response plan," March 12, 2020
294. ↑ CNN, "Trump address sparks chaos as coronavirus crisis deepens," March 12, 2020
295. ↑ The New York Times, "All federal limits on testing will be lifted, Pence says." March 3, 2020
296. ↑ The New York Times, "Trump aims to calm public by announcing new travel restrictions." February 29, 2020
297. ↑ The New York Times, "Trump Names Mike Pence to Lead Coronavirus Response," February 26, 2020
298. ↑ The New York Times, "Trump Administration Restricts Entry Into U.S. From China," January 21, 2020
299. ↑ GovTrack, "GovTrack's Summary: H.R. 133: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021," accessed December 27, 2020
300. ↑ The Washington Post, "Trump signs stimulus and government spending bill into law, averting shutdown," December 27, 2020
301. ↑ The Washington Post, "Here’s what’s in the new $900 billion stimulus package ," December 27, 2020
302. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "COVID-19 Economic Relief Bill," December 22, 2020
303. ↑ National Review, "What the COVID Relief Deal Means for You," December 21, 2020

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Political responses to the coronavirus pandemic, 2020-2021

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