Outline of the Byzantine Empire

Short description: Overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire (red) and its vassals (pink) in 555 AD during the reign of Justinian I. The vassals are the Kingdom of Lazica and the Abasgians (top), and the Ghassanids (east). This was the Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Byzantine Empire:

Byzantine Empire (or Byzantium) - the Constantinople-centred Roman Empire of the Middle Ages. It is also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, primarily in the context of Late Antiquity, while the Roman Empire was still administered with separate eastern and western political centres. In its own time, there was no such thing as "the Byzantine Empire," there was just the ongoing Roman Empire; "Byzantine Empire" is a scholarly term of convenience to differentiate the empire from its earlier existence during classical antiquity before the western half collapsed (see decline of the Roman Empire). Its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire (Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων, Basileia Rhōmaiōn;[1] Latin: Imperium Romanum) or Romania (Ῥωμανία).({{{1}}}, {{{2}}}) After the Western Roman Empire fragmented and collapsed in the 5th century, the eastern half continued to thrive, existing for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During much of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe.

## Contents

* 1 Geography of the Byzantine Empire
* 1.1 Regions of the Byzantine Empire
* 1.1.1 Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire
* 1.1.1.1 Provinces of the Byzantine Empire
* 1.1.1.2 Themes of the Byzantine Empire
* 1.1.1.3 Cities of the Byzantine Empire
* 1.1.2 Affiliated polities
* 1.2 Demography of the Byzantine Empire
* 2 Government and politics of the Byzantine Empire
* 2.1 Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire
* 2.2 Byzantine law
* 2.3 Military of the Byzantine Empire
* 2.3.1 Byzantine armed forces
* 2.3.2 Military conflicts
* 3 General history of the Byzantine Empire
* 3.1 Military history of the Byzantine Empire
* 4 Works on Byzantine history
* 4.1 Byzantine historiography and scholars
* 4.1.1 18th century
* 4.1.2 19th century
* 4.1.3 20th century
* 5 Culture of the Byzantine Empire
* 5.1 Religion in the Byzantine Empire
* 5.2 Byzantine language
* 6 Byzantine economy
* 7 Byzantine education
* 8 Byzantine science and technology
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links

## Geography of the Byzantine Empire

### Regions of the Byzantine Empire

* Albania under the Byzantine Empire
* Byzantine Armenia
* Byzantine Crete
* Byzantine Egypt
* Byzantine Greece

#### Administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire

* Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire

##### Provinces of the Byzantine Empire

* Bithynia
* Byzacena
* Byzantine Crete
* Catepanate of Italy
* Catepanate of Serbia
* Drougoubiteia
* Duchy of Perugia
* Duchy of Rome
* Duchy of the Pentapolis
* Duchy of Venetia
* Egypt (Roman province)
* Europa (Roman province)
* Duchy of Gaeta
* Galatia (Roman province)
* Haemimontus
* Helenopontus
* Honorias
* Isauria
* Mauretania Caesariensis
* Mauretania Tingitana
* Mesopotamia (Roman province)
* Moesia Secunda
* Duchy of Naples
* Palaestina Prima
* Paphlagonia
* Paristrion
* Phrygia Pacatiana
* Phrygia Salutaris
* Pontus Polemoniacus
* Rhodope (Roman province)
* Scythia Minor
* Spania
* Theodorias (province)
* Thessaly

##### Themes of the Byzantine Empire

* Theme (Byzantine district)

##### Cities of the Byzantine Empire

* Constantinople (capital)
* Thessalonika

#### Affiliated polities

* Republic of Venice
* Frankokratia
* Despotate of Epirus
* Empire of Trebizond
* Bulgarian Empire
* Serbian Empire

### Demography of the Byzantine Empire

* Population of the Byzantine Empire

## Government and politics of the Byzantine Empire

* Byzantine emperors
* Byzantine emperors family tree
* Byzantine bureaucracy
* Byzantinism
* Byzantine diplomacy

### Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire

Political institutions of the Byzantine Empire

* Byzantine Senate

### Byzantine law

Byzantine law

### Military of the Byzantine Empire

Military of the Byzantine Empire

* Byzantine battle tactics
* Byzantine military manuals

#### Byzantine armed forces

* Byzantine army
* Navy

#### Military conflicts

* Byzantine wars

## General history of the Byzantine Empire

History of the Byzantine Empire

* Byzantine civilisation in the twelfth century
* Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
* Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty
* Byzantine Iconoclasm
* History of Lebanon under Byzantine rule
* History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
* Decline of the Byzantine Empire
* Fall of Constantinople

### Military history of the Byzantine Empire

* List of Byzantine wars
* List of sieges of Constantinople
* Byzantine–Sassanid Wars
* Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628
* Byzantine–Arab Wars
* Byzantine–Arab Wars (780–1180)
* Sack of Amorium (838)
* Rus'–Byzantine Treaty
* Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907)
* Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (911)
* Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)
* Rus'–Byzantine War
* Rus'–Byzantine War (860)
* Rus'–Byzantine War (907)
* Rus'–Byzantine War (941)
* Rus'–Byzantine War (1024)
* Rus'–Byzantine War (1043)
* Byzantine–Venetian Treaty of 1082
* Byzantine–Venetian War (1294–1302)
* Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
* Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
* Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379
* Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)
* Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
* Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
* Byzantine–Norman wars
* Byzantine–Seljuq Wars
* Byzantine–Georgian wars
* Byzantine–Mongol alliance
* Byzantine–Ottoman Wars

## Works on Byzantine history

### Byzantine historiography and scholars

* Byzantine studies
* List of Byzantine scholars

#### 18th century

* Edward Gibbon

#### 19th century

* Fyodor Uspensky

#### 20th century

* Alexander Vasiliev (historian)
* George Ostrogorsky
* Warren Treadgold

## Culture of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine culture

* Byzantine architecture
* Byzantine art
* Macedonian art
* Byzantine dance
* Byzantine literature
* Acritic songs
* Byzantine novel
* Byzantine music
* Byzantine calendar
* Byzantine cuisine
* Byzantine dress
* Byzantine gardens
* Byzantine Greeks
* Byzantine philosophy

### Religion in the Byzantine Empire

* History of late ancient Christianity
* State church of the Roman Empire
* Byzantine Papacy
* Eastern Orthodox Church
* Byzantine Rite
* Icons
* Byzantine Iconoclasm
* Degrees of Orthodox monasticism
* Mount Athos
* Saint Catherine's Monastery
* Paulicianism

### Byzantine language

* Medieval Greek

## Byzantine economy

* Byzantine economy
* Byzantine agriculture
* Byzantine currency
* Byzantine coinage
* Byzantine mints
* Byzantine silk
* Slavery in the Byzantine Empire

## Byzantine education

* Byzantine university
* University of Constantinople
* Byzantine rhetoric

## Byzantine science and technology

* Byzantine science
* Byzantine medicine
* List of Byzantine inventions

## See also

* Outline of classical studies
* Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress
* Albanian Greek Catholic Church
* Alexander (Byzantine emperor)
* Argyros (Byzantine family)
* Bandon (Byzantine Empire)
* Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts
* Bristol Byzantine
* Byzantine & Christian Museum
* Byzantine Catholic World
* Byzantine Chain
* Byzantine Church, Lin
* Byzantine Discalced Carmelites
* Byzantine Fresco Chapel
* Byzantine Institute of America
* Byzantine Master of the Crucifix of Pisa
* Byzantine Museum of Antivouniotissa
* Byzantine Museum of Ioannina
* Byzantine Museum of Kastoria
* Byzantine Revival architecture
* Byzantine Rite Christianity in Canada
* Byzantine Rite Lutheranism
* Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
* Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Collection of Chania
* Byzantine commonwealth
* Byzantine fault tolerance
* Byzantine heraldry
* Byzantine lyra
* Byzantine text-type
* Cathedral of St. Mary Byzantine Catholic Church
* Chios Byzantine Museum
* Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)
* Cours (Byzantine general)
* Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East
* Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Martyrology for February
* Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Martyrology for January
* Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics
* Greek Byzantine Catholic Church
* Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic Church (Pittsburgh)
* Immortals (Byzantine)
* Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles
* Irene Palaiologina (Byzantine empress)
* John the Deacon (Byzantine writer)
* Julian Byzantine
* Kephale (Byzantine Empire)
* Kleisoura (Byzantine district)
* Komnenian Byzantine army
* List of Byzantine foreign treaties
* List of Byzantine monuments in Istanbul
* List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars
* List of Byzantine scholars
* List of Byzantine usurpers
* List of Roman and Byzantine Empresses
* List of exiled and pretending Byzantine Empresses
* List of leaders during the Byzantine Papacy
* Museum of Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Musical Instruments
* Museum of Byzantine Culture
* Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire
* Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture
* Palaiologan Byzantine army
* Pannonia, Byzantine Empire
* Papias (Byzantine office)
* Phokas (Byzantine family)
* Political mutilation in Byzantine culture
* Prosopography of the Byzantine World
* Quantum Byzantine agreement
* Raoul (Byzantine family)
* Saint Anne Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite
* Serbo-Byzantine architecture
* St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church (Pittsburgh)
* St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cathedral (Pittsburgh)
* St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery
* St. Michael Byzantine Catholic Church Toledo
* St. Nicholas Byzantine Catholic Church

## References

1. ↑ Kazhdan & Epstein 1985, p. 1 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKazhdanEpstein1985 (help).

## External links

Byzantine studies, resources and bibliography

* Adena, L. "The Enduring Legacy of Byzantium ", Clio History Journal, 2008.
* Ciesniewski, C. "The Byzantine Achievement", Clio History Journal, 2006.
* Fox, Clinton R. What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine? (Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors)
* The Cambridge Medieval History (IV) The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453).
* Byzantine studies homepage at Dumbarton Oaks. Includes links to numerous electronic texts.
* Byzantium: Byzantine studies on the Internet. Links to various online resources.
* Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c. 700–1204. Online sourcebook.
* De Re Militari. Resources for medieval history, including numerous translated sources on the Byzantine wars.
* Medieval Sourcebook: Byzantium. Numerous primary sources on Byzantine history.
* Bibliography on Byzantine Material Culture and Daily Life. Hosted by the University of Vienna; in English.
* Constantinople Home Page. Links to texts, images and videos on Byzantium.
* Byzantium in Crimea: Political History, Art and Culture.
* Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (with further resources and a repository with papers on various aspects of the Byzantine Empire)

Miscellaneous

* De Imperatoribus Romanis. Scholarly biographies of many Byzantine emperors.
* The Fall of the Empire. Byzantine Lesson (2007). (Russian: Гибель империи. Византийский урок) A film explaining the political and economical reasons for the fall of the Empire, filmed by the Russian Orthodox Church.
* 12 Byzantine Rulers by Lars Brownworth of The Stony Brook School; audio lectures. NYTimes review.
* 18 centuries of Roman Empire by Howard Wiseman (Maps of the Roman/Byzantine Empire throughout its lifetime)

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