Lanthanum decahydride

Lanthanum decahydride  Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1130489-79-0[1]

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

InChI

* InChI=1S/La.10H

Key: WKJDXOLLSPZSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

* [LaH10]

Properties

Chemical formula

| H10La
Molar mass | 148.985 g·mol−1
Structure[2]

Crystal structure

| Cubic

Space group

| Fm3m

Lattice constant

a = 5.1019(5) Å

at 150 GPa

Lattice volume (V)

| 132.80(4) Å3

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydride to be theoretically predicted[3][4], synthesized [5], and experimentally confirmed[6] to superconduct at near room-temperatures. It has a superconducting transition temperature TC around 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F) at a pressure of 150 gigapascals (22×10 ~~^~~ 6 psi), and its synthesis required pressures above approximately 160 gigapascals (23×10 ~~^~~ 6 psi).[7][8]

## Synopsis

Since its discovery, the superconducting properties of LaH10 and other lanthanum-based superhydrides have been experimentally confirmed in multiple independent experiments[9][10][11][12]. The compound exhibits a Meissner effect below the superconducting transition temperature.[13] A cubic form can be synthesized at 1,000 K (730 °C; 1,340 °F),[7] and a hexagonal crystal structure can be formed at room temperature.[14] Further reports indicate Tc is increased with nitrogen doping [15], and decreased with the introduction of magnetic impurities [16].

The cubic form has each lanthanum atom surrounded by 32 hydrogen atoms, which form the vertices of an 18-faced shape called a chamfered cube.[17]

A similar compound, lanthanum boron octahydride, was computationally predicted to be a superconductor at 126 K (−147 °C; −233 °F) and pressure 50 gigapascals (7.3×10 ~~^~~ 6 psi).[18]

## References

1. ↑ "Lanthanum decahydride". https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-week/archive/l/lanthanum-decahydride.html.
2. ↑ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (15 January 2018). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides" (in en). Angewandte Chemie 130 (3): 696–700. doi:10.1002/ange.201709970. ISSN 0044-8249. Bibcode: 2018AngCh.130..696G. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ange.201709970.
3. ↑ Peng, Feng; Sun, Ying; Pickard, Chris J.; Needs, Richard J.; Wu, Qiang; Ma, Yanming (2017-09-08). "Hydrogen Clathrate Structures in Rare Earth Hydrides at High Pressures: Possible Route to Room-Temperature Superconductivity". Physical Review Letters 119 (10): 107001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.107001. PMID 28949166. Bibcode: 2017PhRvL.119j7001P. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.107001.
4. ↑ Liu, Hanyu; Naumov, Ivan I.; Hoffmann, Roald; Ashcroft, N. W.; Hemley, Russell J. (2017-07-03). "Potential high- T c superconducting lanthanum and yttrium hydrides at high pressure" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (27): 6990–6995. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704505114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 28630301.
5. ↑ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (2018-01-15). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides" (in en). Angewandte Chemie 130 (3): 696–700. doi:10.1002/ange.201709970. ISSN 0044-8249. Bibcode: 2018AngCh.130..696G. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ange.201709970.
6. ↑ Somayazulu, Maddury; Ahart, Muhtar; Mishra, Ajay K.; Geballe, Zachary M.; Baldini, Maria; Meng, Yue; Struzhkin, Viktor V.; Hemley, Russell J. (2019-01-14). "Evidence for Superconductivity above 260 K in Lanthanum Superhydride at Megabar Pressures". Physical Review Letters 122 (2): 027001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027001. PMID 30720326. Bibcode: 2019PhRvL.122b7001S. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027001.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F. et al. (2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures". Nature 569 (7757): 528–531. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. PMID 31118520. Bibcode: 2019Natur.569..528D.
8. ↑ M. Kostrzewa; K. M. Szczęśniak; A. P. Durajski; R. Szczęśniak (31 January 2020). "From LaH10 to room–temperature superconductors". Scientific Reports 10 (1): 1592. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58065-9. PMID 32005852. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..10.1592K.
9. ↑ Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F. et al. (May 2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures" (in en). Nature 569 (7757): 528–531. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 31118520. Bibcode: 2019Natur.569..528D. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1201-8.
10. ↑ Hong, Fang; Yang, Liuxiang; Shan, Pengfei; Yang, Pengtao; Liu, Ziyi; Sun, Jianping; Yin, Yunyu; Yu, Xiaohui et al. (2020-10-01). "Superconductivity of Lanthanum Superhydride Investigated Using the Standard Four-Probe Configuration under High Pressures*". Chinese Physics Letters 37 (10): 107401. doi:10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/107401. ISSN 0256-307X. Bibcode: 2020ChPhL..37j7401H. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/107401.
11. ↑ Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Kruglov, Ivan A.; Hanfland, Michael; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Sobolevskiy, Oleg A. et al. (2021-09-01). "Superconductivity at 253 K in lanthanum–yttrium ternary hydrides". Materials Today 48: 18–28. doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2021.03.025. ISSN 1369-7021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702121001309.
12. ↑ Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Zhou, Di; Galasso, Michele; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kruglov, Ivan A. et al. (October 2022). "Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity in LaH 10" (in en). Advanced Materials 34 (42): e2204038. doi:10.1002/adma.202204038. ISSN 0935-9648. PMID 35829689. Bibcode: 2022AdM....3404038S. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202204038.
13. ↑ Eremets, M. I.; Minkov, V. S.; Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Ksenofontov, V.; Shylin, S. I.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Prozorov, R. et al. (10 January 2022). "High‑Temperature Superconductivity in Hydrides: Experimental Evidence and Details". Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 35 (4): 965–977. doi:10.1007/s10948-022-06148-1.
14. ↑ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (15 January 2018). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57 (3): 688–692. doi:10.1002/anie.201709970. PMID 29193506.
15. ↑ Ge, Yanfeng; Zhang, Fan; Hemley, Russell J. (2021-12-15). "Room-temperature superconductivity in boron- and nitrogen-doped lanthanum superhydride". Physical Review B 104 (21): 214505. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.214505. Bibcode: 2021PhRvB.104u4505G. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.214505.
16. ↑ Sanner, T. (1975-11-18). "Formation of transient complexes in the glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction". Biochemistry 14 (23): 5094–5098. doi:10.1021/bi00694a011. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39.
17. ↑ "NNNS chemistry blog: Lanthanum decahydride". http://chem.vander-lingen.nl/articles/Lanthanum_decahydride/id/894/itemid/895.
18. ↑ Di Cataldo, Simone; Heil, Christoph; von der Linden, Wolfgang; Boeri, Lilia (2021-07-29). "BH8: Towards high-Tc low-pressure superconductivity in ternary superhydrides". Physical Review B 104 (2): L020511. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.L020511. Bibcode: 2021PhRvB.104b0511D.

* v
* t
* e

Lanthanum compounds

* LaB6
* LaBr3
* LaC2
* LaCl3
* La2(CO3)3
* LaH10
* LaF3
* La2O3
* La(OH)3

* v
* t
* e

Binary compounds of hydrogen

Alkali metal (Group 1) hydrides|

* LiH
* NaH
* KH
* RbH
* CsH

Lithium hydride, LiH
ionic metal hydride

Beryllium hydride
Left (gas phase): BeH2
covalent metal hydride
Right: (BeH2)n (solid phase)
polymeric metal hydride

Borane and diborane
Left: BH3 (special conditions), covalent metalloid hydride
Right: B2H6 (standard conditions), dimeric metalloid hydride

Methane, CH4
covalent nonmetal hydride

Ammonia, NH3
covalent nonmetal hydride

Water, H2O
covalent nonmetal hydride

Hydrogen fluoride, HF
covalent nonmetal hydride

Alkaline (Group 2) earth hydrides|

| Monohydrides|

* BeH
* MgH
* CaH
* SrH
* BaH

|

Dihydrides|

* BeH2
* MgH2
* CaH2
* SrH2
* BaH2

|

Group 13 hydrides|

| Boranes|

* BH3
* B2H6
* B2H2
* B2H4
* B4H10
* B5H9
* B5H11
* B6H10
* B6H12
* B10H14
* B18H22

|

Alanes|

* AlH3
* Al2H6

|

Gallanes|

* GaH3
* Ga2H6

|

Indiganes|

* InH3
* In2H6

|

Thallanes|

* TlH3
* Tl2H6

|

Group 14 hydrides|

| Linear alkanes|

* CH4
* C2H6
* C3H8
* C4H10
* C5H12
* C6H14
* C7H16
* C8H18
* C9H20
* C10H22
* more...

|

Linear alkenes|

* C2H4
* C3H6
* C4H8
* C5H10
* C6H12
* C7H14
* C8H16
* C9H18
* C10H20
* more...

|

Linear alkynes|

* C2H2
* C3H4
* C4H6
* C5H8
* C6H10
* C7H12
* C8H14
* C9H16
* C10H18
* more...

|

Silanes|

* SiH4
* Si2H6
* Si3H8
* Si4H10
* Si5H12
* Si6H14
* Si7H16
* Si8H18
* Si9H20
* Si10H22
* more...

|

Silenes|

* Si2H4

|

Silynes|

* Si2H2
* SiH

|

Germanes|

* GeH4
* Ge2H6
* Ge3H8
* Ge4H10
* Ge5H12

|

Stannanes|

* SnH4
* Sn2H6

|

Plumbanes|

* PbH4

|

* CH
* CH2
* CH3
* C2H
* Cycloalkanes
* Cycloalkenes
* Annulenes
* Many more

Pnictogen (Group 15) hydrides|

| Azanes|

* NH3
* N2H4
* N3H5
* N4H6
* N5H7
* N6H8
* N7H9
* N8H10
* N9H11
* N10H12
* more...

|

Azenes|

* N2H2
* N3H3
* N4H4

|

Phosphanes|

* PH3
* P2H4
* P3H5
* P4H6
* P5H7
* P6H8
* P7H9
* P8H10
* P9H11
* P10H12
* more...

|

Phosphenes|

* P2H2
* P3H3
* P4H4

|

Arsanes|

* AsH3
* As2H4

|

Stibanes|

* SbH3

|

Bismuthanes|

* BiH3

|

* HN3
* NH
* radical

Hydrogen chalcogenides (Group 16 hydrides)|

| Polyoxidanes|

* H2O
* H2O2
* H2O3
* H2O4
* H2O5
* H2O6
* H2O7
* H2O8
* H2O9
* H2O10
* more...

|

Polysulfanes|

* H2S
* H2S2
* H2S3
* H2S4
* H2S5
* H2S6
* H2S7
* H2S8
* H2S9
* H2S10
* more...

|

Selanes|

* H2Se
* H2Se2

|

Tellanes|

* H2Te
* H2Te2

|

Polanes|

* PoH2

|

* HO
* HO2
* HO3
* H2O+–O–
* H2S=S
* (HS)2S+–S–
* HS
* HDO
* D2O
* T2O

Hydrogen halides (Group 17 hydrides)|

* HF
* HCl
* HBr
* HI
* HAt

Transition metal hydrides|

* ScH2
* YH2
* YH3
* TiH2
* ZrH2
* HfH2
* VH
* VH2
* NbH
* NbH2
* TaH
* CrH
* CrH2
* CrHx
* NiH
* PdHx (x < 1)
* FeH
* FeH2
* FeH5
* CuH
* ZnH2
* CdH2
* HgH2

Lanthanide hydrides|

* LaH2
* LaH3
* LaH10
* CeH2
* CeH3
* PrH2
* PrH3
* NdH2
* NdH3
* SmH2
* SmH3
* EuH2
* GdH2
* GdH3
* TbH2
* TbH3
* DyH2
* DyH3
* HoH2
* HoH3
* ErH2
* ErH3
* TmH2
* TmH3
* YbH2
* YbH2.5
* LuH2
* LuH3

Actinide hydrides|

* AcH2
* ThH2
* Th4H15
* PaH3
* UH3
* NpH2
* NpH3
* PuH2
* PuH3
* AmH2
* AmH3
* CmH2

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