Eponymous archon

Short description: Chief magistrate of an ancient Greek city-state

In ancient Greece the chief magistrate in various Greek city states was called eponymous archon (ἐπώνυμος ἄρχων, epōnymos archōn). "Archon" (ἄρχων, pl. ἄρχοντες, archontes) means "ruler" or "lord", frequently used as the title of a specific public office,[1] while "eponymous" means that he gave his name to the year in which he held office, much like the Roman dating by consular years.

In Classical Athens, a system of nine concurrent archons evolved, led by three respective remits over the civic, military, and religious affairs of the state: the three office holders were known as the eponymous archon (ruler of Athens, the highest political office in the city-state), the polemarch (πολέμαρχος, "war ruler", the commander-in-chief of the Athenian military), and the archon basileus (ἄρχων βασιλεύς, "king ruler", the high priest of the city).[2][3] The six others were the thesmothetai, judicial officers. Originally these offices were filled from the wealthier classes by elections every ten years. During this period the eponymous archon was the chief magistrate, the polemarch was the head of the armed forces, and the archon basileus was responsible for some civic religious arrangements, and for the supervision of some major trials in the law courts. After 683 BC the offices were held for only a single year, and the year was named after the eponymous archon.

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 2 List of archons of Athens
* 2.1 Archaic period
* 2.1.1 Life archons
* 2.1.2 Decennial archons
* 2.1.3 Annual archons
* 2.1.4 Reorganized
* 2.2 Classical period
* 2.3 Hellenistic period
* 2.4 Roman period
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading

## Background

The archon was the chief magistrate in many Greek cities, but in Athens there was a council of archons which exerted a form of executive government. From the late 8th century BC there were three archons: the archon eponymos, the polemarchos (originally with a military role, which was transferred to the ten strategoi in 501 BC), and the archon basileus (the ceremonial vestige of the Athenian monarchy).[4] These positions were filled from the aristocracy (the Eupatridae) by elections every ten years. During this period Archon Eponymous was the chief magistrate, the Polemarch was the head of the armed forces, and the Archon Basileus was responsible for the civic religious arrangements.

After 683 BC the offices were held for only a single year, and the year was named after the archon eponymous. The year ran from July to June.[5] The archon eponymous was the chief archon, and presided over meetings of the Boule and Ecclesia, the ancient Athenian assemblies. The archon eponymous remained the titular head of state even under the democracy, though with much reduced political importance. Under the reforms of Solon, himself archon eponymous in 594 BC, there was a brief period when the number of archons rose to ten. After 457 BC ex-archons were automatically enrolled as life members of the Areopagus, though that assembly was no longer extremely important politically.

One of the archons oversaw the procedure for ostracism after 487 BC.[6] An archon's court was in charge of the epikleroi.[7] Other duties of the archons included supervising the Panathenaea and Dionysia festivals.[8]

## List of archons of Athens

In the following list of Archons, years where the name of the archon is unknown are identified as such. Years listed as "anarchy" mean that there was literally "no archon". There are various conflicting reconstructions of lists; sources for this list are given at the end. Note that the term of an archon covered two of our years, beginning in the spring or summer and continuing into the next spring or summer. The polemarch or strategoi, basileus, and thesmothetai (the six assistants to the archons) are also listed, where known.

### Archaic period

See also: History:Greek Dark Ages and Ancient Greece

#### Life archons

The later Athenian tradition varies on the exact position of this line; they held archonship for life, sometimes referred to as "Perpetual Archon", and exercised the sacral powers of kingship, as did the archon basileus later. The historicity of any of this ancient list may be reasonably doubted. However, Aristotle indicates, within the Constitution of Athens, that it was indeed the house of Codrus that abolished the title of king in favor of Archon.[9]

Year | Archon | Other notable information

|
|

1068–1048 BC | Medon (Μέδων)[10] | First ruler of Attica after the period of the Kings.
1048–1012 BC | Acastus (Ἄκαστος)[11][12] | Troy VIIb2 destroyed (c. 1120 BC).
1012–993 BC | Archippus[13] |
993–952 BC | Thersippus[14] |
952–922 BC | Phorbas (Φόρβας) | Troy VIIb3: deserted (c. 950 BC)
922–892 BC | Megacles (Μεγακλῆς) |
892–864 BC | Diognetus |
864–845 BC | Pherecles[15] | Homer composes the Iliad[16] and Odyssey. (c. 850 BC)[17]
845–825 BC | Ariphron |
824–797 BC | Thespieus (Θεσπιεύς) |
796–778 BC | Agamestor[18] |
778–755 BC | Aeschylus (Αἰσχύλος) | First Olympiad[19][20] (776 BC)
755–753 BC | Alcmaeon (Ἀλκμαίων) |

#### Decennial archons

In 753 BC the perpetual archonship by the Eupatridae[21] was limited to 10 years (the "decennial archons"):[22]

Year | Archon | Other notable information

|
|

753–743 BC | Charops[23][24] | In Rome, Romulus, the first ruler of the city, takes power.[25]
743–733 BC | Aesimides[26] | In Messenia, First Messenian War begins.
733–723 BC | Clidicus[27] | Diaulos footrace introduced at the Olympics. (724 BC)
723–713 BC | Hippomenes[28] |
713–703 BC | Leocrates |
703–693 BC | Apsander[29] | Hesiod writes "Theogony" (c. 700 BC).
693–683 BC | Eryxias | Boxing added to the Olympics. (688 BC)[30] Chalcedon colony founded (685 BC).

#### Annual archons

After 683 BC the archonship was limited to one year. Archons resided in the Prytaneion.

Year | Eponymous archon[31] | Other officials or associated events

|
|

682–681 BC | Creon | Creon is considered by the ancient sources, and most modern authorities, as the first annual archon.[32]
681–680 BC | Lysiades | Mentioned in the Parian Marble.
680–679 BC | Tlesias | Pausanias (IV.15.1) dates the beginning of the Second Messenian War to his archonship.
679–671 BC | Unknown |
671–670 BC | Leostratus |
670–669 BC | Unknown |
669–668 BC | Pisistratus | Pausanias (II.24.7) dates the first Battle of Hysiae to his archonship.
668–667 BC | Autosthenes | Pausanias (IV.23.4) dates the capture of Eira and the end of the Second Messenian War to his archonship.
667–664 BC | Unknown |
664–663 BC | Miltiades[33] |
663–659 BC | Unknown |
659–658 BC | Miltiades[33] |
658–645 BC | Unknown | Pausanias (VIII.39.3) dates the capture of Phigalia by the Spartans to his archonship.
645–644 BC | Dropides | The Parian Marble associates Dropides with the floruit of Terpander the Lesbian, who developed the music of the lyre.
644–639 BC | Unknown |
639–638 BC | Damasias | Thales was born
638–634 BC | Unknown |
634–633 BC | Epaenetus (?)[34] |
633–632 BC | Unknown |
632–631 BC | Megacles | Cylon attempts to become tyrant
631–624 BC | Unknown |
624–623 BC | Aristaechmus | According to the Athenian Constitution, Dracon reformed the laws of Athens during the archonship of Aristaechmus.
623–621 BC | Unknown |

#### Reorganized

Year | Eponymous archon | Other officials or associated events

|
|

621–615 BC | Unknown |
615–614 BC | Heniochides |
614–605 BC | Unknown |
605–604 BC | Aristocles | The Parian Marble associates the archonship of Aristocles with Alyattes becoming king of Lydia. According to Debra Nails, Aristocles was the paternal grandfather of Plato.
604–600 BC | Unknown |
600–599 BC | Critias | The Parian Marble dates the flight of Sappho from Lesbos to Sicily in the archonship of Critias.
599–597 BC | Unknown |
597–596 BC | Cypselus[35] |
596–595 BC | Telecles[35] |
595–594 BC | Philombrotus[35] | First Sacred War begins.
594–593 BC | Solon | Solon reforms Draco's code.
593–592 BC | Dropides |
592–591 BC | Eucrates |
591–590 BC | Simon |
590–589 BC | anarchy |
589–588 BC | Phormion |
588–587 BC | Philippus |
587–586 BC | Unknown |
586–585 BC | anarchy |
585–582 BC | Unknown | Pythian Games reorganised at Delphi.
582–581 BC | Damasias | According to the Athenian Constitution, Damasias held the archonship for two years and nine months before being expelled.
581–580 BC | Damasias | Demetrios of Phaleron states that it was during the archonship of Damasias that "Thales was first called wise".
580–579 BC | anarchy | Committee of 10 men serves jointly as archons[36]
579–578 BC | anarchy |
578–577 BC | Unknown |
577–576 BC | Archestratidas |
576–570 BC | Unknown |
570–569 BC | Aristomenes |
569–566 BC | Unknown |
566–565 BC | Hippocleides |
565–561 BC | Unknown |
561–560 BC | Komeas | The Athenian Constitution dates the usurpation of Pisistratus as tyrant of Athens to the archonship of Komeas.
560–559 BC | Hegestratus | Phaenias of Eresus dates the death of Solon to the archonship of Hegestratus.
559–556 BC | Pisistratus | Tyrant, 3 unknown archons from 559-556 BC
556–555 BC | Hegesias | The Athenian Constitution dates the first expulsion of Peisistratos to the archonship of Hegesias.
555–554 BC | Euthidemus |
554–548 BC | Unknown |
548–547 BC | Erxicleides | Pausanias (X.5.13) dates the destruction by fire of the fourth temple of Delphi to his archonship.
547–546 BC | Thespius[35] | Pisistratus becomes tyrant again
546–545 BC | Phormion[35] |
545–536 BC | Unknown |
536-535 BC | [...]naios | The Parian Marble dates the first performance of Thespis to the tenure of this archon, whose name is damaged.
535–533 BC | Unknown |
533–532 BC | Thericles |
532–528 BC | Unknown |
528–527 BC | Philoneus | According to the Athenian Constitution, Philoneus was archon when Pisistratus died and his sons Hippias and Hipparchus succeeded him as tyrants
527–526 BC | Onetor[37] |
526–525 BC | Hippias |
525–524 BC | Cleisthenes[38] | Cleisthenes later made reforms, in 508 BC.[39]
524–523 BC | Miltiades | Cadoux is uncertain whether this is Miltiades son of Kypselos, or Miltiades son of Cimon.[40]
523–522 BC | Calliades |
522–521 BC | Pisistratus | Possibly the son of Hippias, archon of 526/5.[41]
521–518 BC | Unknown |
518–517 BC | Hebron (?)[42] |
517–511 BC | Unknown |
511–510 BC | Harpactides | The Parian Marble dates the assassination of Hipparchus and the expulsion of the Peistratids from Athens to Harpactides' archonship.
510–509 BC | Scamandrius |
509–508 BC | Lysagoras |
508–507 BC | Isagoras | Cleisthenes competes with Isagoras for archonship, but is expelled by Cleomenes I of Sparta
507–506 BC | Alcmeon |
506–504 BC | Unknown |
504–503 BC | Acestorides |
503–501 BC | Unknown |
501–500 BC | Hermocreon |
500–499 BC | Smyrus (?)[43] |
499–497 BC | Unknown |
497–496 BC | Archias[44] |
496–495 BC | Hipparchus |
495–494 BC | Philippus |
494–493 BC | Pythocritus |
493–492 BC | Themistocles |
492–491 BC | Diognetus |
491–490 BC | Hybrilides |
490–489 BC | Phaenippus | The Parian Marble, Plutarch, and the Athenian Constitution all date the Battle of Marathon to the archonship of Phaenippus.
489–488 BC | Aristides the Just |
488–487 BC | Anchises |
487–486 BC | Telesinus[45] | The Athenian Constitution dates the ostracism of Megacles to the archonship of Telesinus.
486–485 BC | Unknown |
485–484 BC | Philocrates |
484–483 BC | Leostratus |
483–482 BC | Nicodemus |
482–481 BC | Unknown |
481–480 BC | Hypsichides | According to the Athenian Constitution, Hypsichides was archon when the ostracized of Athens were recalled.[46]

### Classical period

Year
(BC) | Year
Olympiads | Archon | Other officials or notable events

|
|
|

480–479 | 75.1 | Calliades[47] | Second Persian invasion of Greece.[48] Aristides and Themistocles are strategoi.
479–478 | 75.2 | Xanthippus | Battle of Plataea; Aristides is strategos
478–477 | 75.3 | Timosthenes | Delian League founded.
477–476 | 75.4 | Adimantus |
476–475 | 76.1 | Phaedon |
475–474 | 76.2 | Dromoclides |
474–473 | 76.3 | Acestorides |
473–472 | 76.4 | Menon |
472–471 | 77.1 | Chares |
471–470 | 77.2 | Praxiergus |
470–469 | 77.3 | Demotion |
469–468 | 77.4 | Apsephion |
468–467 | 78.1 | Theagenides |
467–466 | 78.2 | Lysistratus |
466–465 | 78.3 | Lysanias |
465–464 | 78.4 | Lysitheus | Sophanes is a strategos
464–463 | 79.1 | Archedemides | Aeschylus' Danaids Trilogy produced.[49]
463–462 | 79.2 | Tlepolemus | Cimon is a strategos
462–461 | 79.3 | Conon | According to the Athenian Constitution (ch. 25), Ephialtes reforms the Areopagus, and is assassinated.
461–460 | 79.4 | Euthippus | Also spelled Euippos.[50]
460–459 | 80.1 | Phrasicles |
459–458 | 80.2 | Philocles | Phrynicus, Dicaeogenes and Hippodamas are strategoi.
458–457 | 80.3 | Habron | So Diodorus Siculus (11.79); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Bion.[51]
457–456 | 80.4 | Mnesitheides |
456–455 | 81.1 | Callias |
455–454 | 81.2 | Sosistratus |
454–453 | 81.3 | Ariston |
453–452 | 81.4 | Lysicrates |
452–451 | 82.1 | Chairephanes | Diodorus (11.88–91) skips over Chairephanes and dates the events of his archonship to the previous year[52]
451–450 | 82.2 | Antidotus | Anaxicrates and Cimon are strategoi
450–449 | 82.3 | Euthydemus |
449–448 | 82.4 | Pedieus | Second Sacred War begins.
448–447 | 83.1 | Philiscus | Pericles, Tolmides and Epiteles are strategoi; Peace of Callias ends the Greco-Persian Wars
447–446 | 83.2 | Timarchides | Construction of the Parthenon begins.
446–445 | 83.3 | Callimachus |
445–444 | 83.4 | Lysimachides | Peace between Athens and Sparta. Age of Pericles begins.
444–443 | 84.1 | Praxiteles | Pericles is a strategos
443–442 | 84.2 | Lysanias | Pericles is a strategos
442–441 | 84.3 | Diphilus | Pericles is a strategos
441–440 | 84.4 | Timocles | Pericles and Glaucon are strategoi[53][54]
440–439 | 85.1 | Morychides | Pericles is a strategos
439–438 | 85.2 | Glaucinus | Also spelled Glaucidus. Pericles is a strategos
438–437 | 85.3 | Theodorus | Pericles is a strategos
437–436 | 85.4 | Euthymenes | Pericles is a strategos. Construction of the Propylaea begins
436–435 | 86.1 | Lysimachus | So Diodorus Siculus (12.33); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Nausimachos.[51] Pericles is a strategos
435–434 | 86.2 | Antiochides | Also spelled Antilochidos. Pericles is a strategos
434–433 | 86.3 | Crates | Also spelled Chares. Pericles is a strategos
433–432 | 86.4 | Apseudes | Pericles, Lacedaemonius, Diotimus, and Proteas are strategoi
432–431 | 87.1 | Pythodorus | Beginning of the Peloponnesian War, according to Thucydides.[55] Pericles and Callias are strategoi.
431–430 | 87.2 | Euthydemus | Also spelled Euthydemos. Pericles is a strategos.
430–429 | 87.3 | Apollodorus | Pericles dies; Xenophon, Hestiodorus, Calliades, Melesandrus, and Phanomachus are strategoi.
429–428 | 87.4 | Epameinon | Phormio is a strategos.
428–427 | 88.1 | Diotimus | Demosthenes, Asopius, Paches, Cleidippes, and Lysicles are strategoi
427–426 | 88.2 | Eucles | Also spelled Eucleides. Nicias, Charoiades and Procles are strategoi
426–425 | 88.3 | Euthynos | Also called Euthydemos. Laches and Hippocrates are strategoi
425–424 | 88.4 | Stratocles | Nicias, Eurymedon, Pythodorus, and Sophocles are strategoi
424–423 | 89.1 | Isarchus | Demosthenes, Cleon, Thucydides and Hippocrates are strategoi
423–422 | 89.2 | Amynias | Also spelled Ameinias. Cleon is a strategos
422–421 | 89.3 | Alcaeus | Cleon is a strategos
421–420 | 89.4 | Aristion | Construction of the Erechtheion begins.
420–419 | 90.1 | Astyphilus | Alcibiades is strategos
419–418 | 90.2 | Archias |
418–417 | 90.3 | Antiphon | Laches and Nicostratus are strategoi[56]
417–416 | 90.4 | Euphemus |
416–415 | 91.1 | Arimnestus | Nicias, Alcibiades, and Lamachus are strategoi
415–414 | 91.2 | Charias | Also spelled Chabrias. Alcibiades is a strategos
414–413 | 91.3 | Tisandrus | Lamachus is a strategos
413–412 | 91.4 | Cleocritus | Eurymedon, Demosthenes, and Nicias are strategoi
412–411 | 92.1 | Callias Scambonides |
411–410 | 92.2 | Mnasilochus (died); Theopompus | Simichus and Aristarchus are strategoi
410–409 | 92.3 | Glaucippus |
409–408 | 92.4 | Diocles | Anytus is a strategos
408–407 | 93.1 | Euctemon |
407–406 | 93.2 | Antigenes | Alcibiades, Adeimantus, and Aristocrates are strategoi
406–405 | 93.3 | Callias Angelides | Archestratus, Thrasylus, Pericles, Lysias, Diomedon, Aristocrates, Erasinides, Protomachus, and Aristogenes are strategoi
405–404 | 93.4 | Alexias | Battle of Aegospotami. Adeimantus, Eucrates, Philocles, Menandrus, Tydeus, and Cephisodotus are strategoi
404–403 | 94.1 | Pythodorus | Sparta sets up the oligarchy of the Thirty Tyrants; Pythodorus not recognized as Eponymous Archon
403–402 | 94.2 | Eucleides[57] | Thirty Tyrants expelled, democracy reestablished. Old Attic alphabet was officially abolished in favor of the Ionic alphabet of twenty-four letters.
402–401 | 94.3 | Micon | Also spelled Micion.
401–400 | 94.4 | Xenaenetus | Also spelled Exaenetus.
400–399 | 95.1 | Laches |
399–398 | 95.2 | Aristocrates |
398–397 | 95.3 | Euthycles | Also spelled Ithycles.
397–396 | 95.4 | Souniades |
396–395 | 96.1 | Phormion |
395–394 | 96.2 | Diophantus |
394–393 | 96.3 | Eubulides |
393–392 | 96.4 | Demostratos | Adeimantus is a strategos
392–391 | 97.1 | Philocles |
391–390 | 97.2 | Nicoteles |
390–389 | 97.3 | Demostratus | Thrasybulus and Ergocles are strategoi
389–388 | 97.4 | Antipater | Agyrrhius and Pamphilus are strategoi
388–387 | 98.1 | Pyrgion | Thrasybulus and Dionysius are strategoi
387–386 | 98.2 | Theodotus | Peace of Antalcidas ends the Corinthian War
386–385 | 98.3 | Mystichides |
385–384 | 98.4 | Dexitheus |
384–383 | 99.1 | Dieitrephes | Also spelled Diotrephes
383–382 | 99.2 | Phanostratus |
382–381 | 99.3 | Euandrus |
381–380 | 99.4 | Demophilus |
380–379 | 100.1 | Pytheas |
379–378 | 100.2 | Nicon |
378–377 | 100.3 | Nausinicus |
377–376 | 100.4 | Calleas | Also spelled Callias.
376–375 | 101.1 | Charisander | Cedon is a strategos.
375–374 | 101.2 | Hippodamas |
374–373 | 101.3 | Socratides |
373–372 | 101.4 | Asteius | Iphicrates, Callistratus, Chabrias, and Timotheus are strategoi
372–371 | 102.1 | Alcisthenes |
371–370 | 102.2 | Phrasicleides |
370–369 | 102.3 | Dysnicetus | (mistakenly Dyscinetus in Pausanias 4.27.9)
369–368 | 102.4 | Lysistratus |
368–367 | 103.1 | Nausigenes |
367–366 | 103.2 | Polyzelus |
366–365 | 103.3 | Ciphisodorus | Chabrias is a strategos
365–364 | 103.4 | Chion | Iphicrates is a strategos
364–363 | 104.1 | Timocrates |
363–362 | 104.2 | Charicleides | Ergophilus and Callisthenes are strategoi
362–361 | 104.3 | Molon | Leosthenes and Autocles are strategoi.
361–360 | 104.4 | Nicophemus | Timomachus is a strategos
360–359 | 105.1 | Callimides | Menon, Timotheus, and Cephisodotus are strategoi
359–358 | 105.2 | Eucharistus |
358–357 | 105.3 | Cephisodotus |
357–356 | 105.4 | Agathocles | Chabrias is a strategos.
356–355 | 106.1 | Elpines | Iphicrates, Timotheus, and Menestheus are strategoi.
355–354 | 106.2 | Callistratus |
354–353 | 106.3 | Diotemus |
353–352 | 106.4 | Thudemus |
352–351 | 107.1 | Aristodemus |
351–350 | 107.2 | Theellus | Theogenes is Basileus (possibly)
350–349 | 107.3 | Apollodorus |
349–348 | 107.4 | Callimachus | Hegesileus is a strategos
348–347 | 108.1 | Theophilus |
347–346 | 108.2 | Themistocles[58] | Proxenus is a strategos
346–345 | 108.3 | Archias |
345–344 | 108.4 | Eubulus |
344–343 | 109.1 | Lyciscus | Phocion is a strategos.
343–342 | 109.2 | Pythodotus |
342–341 | 109.3 | Sosigenes |
341–340 | 109.4 | Nicomachus |
340–339 | 110.1 | Theophrastus | Phocion is a strategos
339–338 | 110.2 | Lysimachides | Phocion is a strategos, and is defeated by Philip II of Macedon
338–337 | 110.3 | Chaerondas | Lysicles is a strategos
337–336 | 110.4 | Phrynichus |
336–335 | 111.1 | Pythodelos | Also spelled Pythodoros, served as Archon the same year as Philip II of Macedon (Alexander the greats father) was assassinated.
335–334 | 111.2 | Euaenetus |
334–333 | 111.3 | Ctesicles |
333–332 | 111.4 | Nicocrates |
332–331 | 112.1 | Nicetes | Also spelled Niceratos
331–330 | 112.2 | Aristophanes |
330–329 | 112.3 | Aristophon |
329–328 | 112.4 | Cephisophon |
328–327 | 113.1 | Euthicritus |
327–326 | 113.2 | Hegemon |
326–325 | 113.3 | Chremes |
325–324 | 113.4 | Anticles | Philocles is a strategos
324–323 | 114.1 | Hegesias | Also spelled Agesias
323–322 | 114.2 | Cephisodorus | Also spelled Cephisophon. Phocion and Leosthenes are strategoi. Battle of Amorgos signals the end of Athenian sea power.
322–321 | 114.3 | Philocles | End of the Lamian War. Restriction of voting rights and installation of a Macedonian garrison in the Piraeus.

### Hellenistic period

Year | Eponymous archon | Other officials or notable events

|
|

321–320 BC | Archippus |
320–319 BC | Neaechmus |
319–318 BC | Apollodorus |
318–317 BC | Archippus |
317–316 BC | Demogenes | Demetrius of Phalerum installed by the Macedonian regent Cassander as Governor.
316–315 BC | Democleides |
315–314 BC | Praxibulus |
314–313 BC | Nikodorus |
313–312 BC | Theophrastus | So Diodorus Siculus (19.73); other authorities state the eponymous archon for this year was Theodorus.[59]
312–311 BC | Polemon | Seleucid Empire begins.
311–310 BC | Simonides |
310–309 BC | Hieromnemon |
309–308 BC | Demetrius |
308–307 BC | Caerimus | Also spelled Charinus.
307–306 BC | Anaxicrates | Demetrius Phalereus is expelled when Demetrius I Poliorcetes captures the city from Cassander.
306–305 BC | Coroebus | Antigonid dynasty begins.
305–304 BC | Euxenippus |
304–303 BC | Pherecles |
303–302 BC | Leostratus |
302–301 BC | Nicocles |
301–300 BC | Clearchus |
300–299 BC | Hegemachus[60] |
299–298 BC | Euctemon |
298–297 BC | Mnesidemus |
297–296 BC | Antiphates |
296–295 BC | Nicias |
295–294 BC | Nicostratus |
294–293 BC | Olympiodorus |
293–292 BC | Olympiodorus | Serving for a second time
292–291 BC | Philippus |
291–290 BC | Charinus (?)[61] |
290–289 BC | Ambrosius (?)[61] |
289–288 BC | Ariston (?)[61] |
288–287 BC | Cimon |
287–286 BC | Xenophon |
286–285 BC | Diocles |
285–284 BC | Diotimus |
284–283 BC | Isaeus |
283–282 BC | Euthius |
282–281 BC | Nicias | Attalid dynasty begins.
281–280 BC | Ourias |
280–279 BC | Telecles[62] |
279–278 BC | Anaxicrates | the Gallic invasion of Greece under Brennus and Acichorius occurs
278–277 BC | Democles |
277–276 BC | Aristonymus |
276–275 BC | Philocrates |
275–274 BC | Olbius |
274–273 BC | Eubulus |
273–272 BC | Glaucippus |
272–271 BC | Lysitheides |
271–270 BC | Pytharatus[63] |
270–269 BC | Sosistratus |
269–268 BC | Peithidemus | Beginning of the Chremonidean War; Athens declares war on Macedon, ruled by Antigonus Gonatas.
268–267 BC | Diogeiton |
267–266 BC | Menecles |
266–265 BC | Nicias (Otryneus) |
265–264 BC | Eubulus |
264–263 BC | Diognetus | Diognetus is the latest archon mentioned in the Parian Chronicle, therefore that inscription was made during his tenure.
263–262 BC | Antipatrus | Athens surrenders to Antigonus Gonatas in the archonship of Antipatros.[64]
262–261 BC | Arrheneides | Antigonus Gonatas imposes a new regime on Athens.[64]
261–260 BC | [...]sinus[65] |
260–259 BC | Philostratus |
259–258 BC | Philinus |
258–257 BC | Antiphon |
257–256 BC | Thymochares |
256–255 BC | Antimachus |
255–254 BC | Cleomachus |
254–253 BC | Phanostratus |
253–252 BC | Pheidostratus |
252–251 BC | Callimedes |
251–250 BC | Thersilochus |
250–249 BC | Polyeuctus |
249–248 BC | Hieron |
248–247 BC | Diomedon |
247–246 BC | Theophemus |
246–245 BC | Philoneos |
245–244 BC | Cydenor |
244–243 BC | Lysiades |
243–242 BC | Eurycleides |
242–241 BC | Phanomachus |
241–240 BC | Lyceus |
240–239 BC | Polystratus |
239–238 BC | Athenodorus |
238–237 BC | Lysias |
237–236 BC | Alkibiades |
236–235 BC | Cimon |
235–234 BC | Ecphantus |
234–233 BC | Lysanias |
233–232 BC | Unknown |
232–231 BC | Mneseides (?) |
231–230 BC | Jason (?) |
230–228 BC | Unknown |
228–227 BC | Heliodorus |
227–226 BC | Leochares[66] |
226–225 BC | Theophilus |
225–224 BC | Ergochares |
224–223 BC | Nicetes |
223–222 BC | Antiphilus[67] |
222–221 BC | Euxenus |
221–220 BC | Unknown |
220–219 BC | Thrasyphon[68] |
219–218 BC | Menecrates |
218–217 BC | Chaerephon |
217–216 BC | Callimachus |
216–215 BC | Unknown |
215–214 BC | Hagnias |
214–213 BC | Diocles | First Macedonian War begins. (214 BC)
213–212 BC | Euphiletus |
212–211 BC | Heracleitus |
211–210 BC | Archelaus |
210–209 BC | Aeschron[69] |
209–208 BC | Unknown[70] |
208–207 BC | Unknown |
207–206 BC | Callistratus |
206–205 BC | Pantiades |
205–204 BC | Diodotus |
204–203 BC | Apollodorus |
203–202 BC | Proxenides |
202–201 BC | Dionysius |
201–200 BC | Isocrates[71] |
200–199 BC | Nicophon |
199–198 BC | [...]ppus |
198–197 BC | Unknown |
197–196 BC | Ancylus |
196–195 BC | Pleistaenus[72] |
195–194 BC | Unknown |
194-193 BC | Dionysius |
193–192 BC | Phanarchides |
192–191 BC | Diodotus |
191–190 BC | Timouchus |
190–189 BC | Demetrius |
189–188 BC | Euthycritus |
188–187 BC | Symmachus |
187–186 BC | Theoxenus |
186–185 BC | Zopyrus |
185–184 BC | Eupolemus |
184–183 BC | Charicles[72] |
183–182 BC | Hermogenes |
182–181 BC | Timesianax |
181–180 BC | Hippias |
180–179 BC | Dionysius |
179–178 BC | Menedemus |
178–177 BC | Philon |
177–176 BC | [...]ppus |
176–175 BC | Hippacus |
175–174 BC | Sonicus |
174–173 BC | Alexander |
173–172 BC | Alexis |
172–171 BC | Sosigenes |
171–170 BC | Antigenes |
170–169 BC | Aphrodisius |
169–168 BC | Eunicus |
168–167 BC | Xenocles |
167–166 BC | Nicosthenes |
166–165 BC | Achaeus (?)[73] |
165–164 BC | Pelops |
164–163 BC | Euergetes |
163–162 BC | Erastus |
162–161 BC | Poseidonius |
161–160 BC | Aristolas |
160–159 BC | Tychandrus |
159–158 BC | Aristaemus[74] |
158–157 BC | Aristaechmus |
157–156 BC | Anthesterius |
156–155 BC | Callistratus |
155–154 BC | Mnestheus |
154–153 BC | Unknown |
153–152 BC | Phaidrias |
152–151 BC | Andreas (?)[75] |
151–150 BC | Zeleucus (?)[75] |
150–149 BC | Speusippos (?)[75] | Fourth Macedonian War begins (150 BC).
149–148 BC | Lysiades (?)[75] |
148–147 BC | Archon |
147–146 BC | Epicrates | Rome takes control of Greece

### Roman period

Year | Eponymous archon | Other officials or notable events

|
|

146–145 BC | Aristophantus (?)[74][75] |
145–144 BC | Metrophanes (?)[75] |
144–143 BC | Theaetetus |
143–142 BC | Aristophon |
142–141 BC | Micion (?)[75] |
141–140 BC | [Dionysius] |
140–139 BC | Hagnotheus |
139–138 BC | Diocles[76] |
138–137 BC | Timarchus |
137–136 BC | Heracleitus |
136–135 BC | Timarchides |
135–134 BC | Dionysius |
134–133 BC | Nicomachus |
133–132 BC | Xenon |
132–131 BC | Ergocles |
131–130 BC | Epicles |
130–129 BC | Demostratus |
129–128 BC | Lyciscus |
128–127 BC | Dionysius |
127–126 BC | Theodorides |
126–125 BC | Diotimus |
125–124 BC | Jason |
124–123 BC | Nicias (died); Isigenes |
123–122 BC | Demetrius |
122–121 BC | Nicodemus |
121–120 BC | Phocion (?) |
120–119 BC | Eumachus |
119–118 BC | Hipparchus |
118–117 BC | Lenaeus |
117–116 BC | Menoetes |
116–115 BC | Sarapion |
115–114 BC | Nausias |
114–113 BC | [...]raton |
113–112 BC | Paramonus |
112–111 BC | Dionysius |
111–110 BC | Sosicrates |
110–109 BC | Polycleitus |
109–108 BC | Jason |
108–107 BC | Demochares |
107–106 BC | Aristarchus |
106–105 BC | Agathocles |
105–104 BC | Andronides (?) |
104–103 BC | Heracleides |
103–102 BC | Theocles |
102–101 BC | Echecrates |
101–100 BC | Medeius | Served as archon again in 91-90, 90-89, 89-88 BC.
100–99 BC | Theodosius |
99–98 BC | Procles |
98–97 BC | Argeius |
97–96 BC | Heracleitus |
96–95 BC | [...]craton |
95–94 BC | Theodotus |
94–93 BC | Callias |
93–92 BC | Criton |
92–91 BC | Menedemus |
91–90 BC | Medeius | Previously served as archon in 101-100 BC, continued in office for the next two years, probably indicating a constitutional crisis.
90–89 BC | Medeius |
89–88 BC | Medeius |
88–87 BC | anarchy | Athens captured by Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who reorganizes its government
87–86 BC | Philanthes |
86–85 BC | "Hierophant" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy
85–84 BC | Pythocritus |
84–83 BC | Nicetas |
83–82 BC | Pammenes |
82–81 BC | Demetrius |
81–80 BC | Ar[...] |
80–79 BC | Apollodorus |
79-78 BC | Unknown |
78–77 BC | Aeschraeus |
77-76 BC | Seleucus |
76–75 BC | Heracleodoros |
75–74 BC | Aeschines |
74–73 BC | Unknown |
73–72 BC | Nicetes (?) |
72–71 BC | Unknown |
71–70 BC | Aristoxenus (?) |
70–69 BC | Criton (?) |
69–67 BC | Unknown |
67–66 BC | Theoxenus (?) |
66–65 BC | Medeius (?) | Probably the son of Medeius, archon in 101-100, 91-90, 90-89, and 89-88 BC
65–64 BC |  Unknown |
64-63 BC | Oenophilus |
63-62 BC | [...]ius |
62–61 BC | Aristeius |
61–60 BC | Theophemus |
60–59 BC | Herodes[77] |
59–58 BC | Leucius |
58–57 BC | Calliphon |
57–56 BC | Diocles |
56–55 BC | Coentus |
55–54 BC | Aristoxenus |
54–53 BC | Zenon |
53–52 BC | Diodorus |
52–51 BC | Lysander |
51–50 BC | Lysiades |
50–49 BC | Demetrius |
49–48 BC | Demochares |
48–47 BC | Philocrates |
47–46 BC | Diocles |
46–45 BC | Eucles |
45–44 BC | Diocles |
44–43 BC | Leucius / Lucius of Rhamnous |
43-42 BC | Polycharmus |
42–41 BC | Euthydomus |
41–40 BC | Nicander |
40–39 BC | Philostratus |
39–38 BC | Diocles of Melite |
38–37 BC | Menander of Steiria |
37–36 BC | Callicratides (?) |
36–35 BC | Asclepiodorus |
35–34 BC | Theopeithes |
34–33 BC | Apollogenes (?) |
33–32 BC | Cleidamus |
32-31 BC | Unknown |
31–30 BC | Unknown |
30–29 BC | Architemus |
29–26 BC | Unknown | The Roman Republic transitions into the Roman Empire upon Octavian being granted the title "Augustus" by the Roman Senate.
26–25 BC | Dioteimus |
25–22 BC | Unknown |
22–21 BC | Apolexis |
20–19 BC | Demeas |
19–17 BC | Unknown |
17-16 BC | Ae[...][78] |
16–15 BC | Pythagoras[78] |
15–14 BC | Antiochus[78] |
14–13 BC | Polyaenus |
13–12 BC | Zenon |
12–11 BC | Leonidas |
11–10 BC | Theophilus |
10–9 BC | Nicias |
9–8 BC | Xenon |
8–7 BC | Apolexis son of Philocrates[79] |
7–6 BC | Unknown |
6–5 BC | Nicostratus |
5–4 BC | Cotys | King of Thrace, father of Rhoemetalces, archon of 36-37.[80]
4–3 BC | Anaxagoras |
3–2 BC | Demochares |
2–1 BC | Polycharmus |
1 BC–AD 1 | Lacon |
1–2 | Democrates |
2–3 | [...] of Sounium |
3–4 | [...] of Sphettus |
4–5 | [...]on |
5–23 | Unknown |
23–24 | M[...] | The archons from M... to Antipater are traditionally assigned to AD 23-31, but may be up to seven years earlier than this.[81]
24–25 | Charm[...] |
25–26 | Callicr[...] |
26–27 | Pamphilus |
27–28 | Themistocles |
28–29 | Oenophilus |
29–30 | Boethus |
30–31 | [(Vipsanius) Antipa]ter | Son of Antipater of Phlya; father of the archon of 45-46, grandfather of the archon of ca. 75, and ancestor of the archon of ca. 110-115.[82]
31-36 | Unknown |
36–37 | King Rhoemetalces Ne(oterus) | King of Odrysian Thrace[83] Son of Cotys, archon of 5-4 BC.
37–38 | Arist[...] (?) |
38-39 | Polycritus (?) |
39-40 | Zen[on] (?) |
40-41 | [...]ouius Leo[...][84] |
41-45 | Unknown |
ca. 42 | Ti. Claudius Lysiades the younger | Presumably son of another archon named Lysiades, ancestor of Ti. Claudius Lysiades, Demostratus, and Philippus, archons of 174-175, 180-181, and 193-194.[85]
45–46 | (Vipsanius) Antipater neoterus | Son of the archon of 30-31, father of the archon of ca. 75, and ancestor of the archon of ca. 110-115.[86]
46–49 | Unknown |
49–50 | Deinophilus |
50–54 | Unknown |
53–54 | Dionysodorus |
54–56 | Unknown |
56–57 | Konon | Grandfather of Flavius Sophocles, archon of 103-104.[87]
57–61 | Unknown |
61–62 | Thrasyllus |
62–65 | Unknown |
64–65 | C. Carrinus Secundus, son of Gaius |
65–66 | Demostratus |
66-74 | Unknown |
ca. 75 | (Vipsanius) Aeolion[88] | Grandson of the archon of 30/1, son of the archon of 45/6, and grandfather of the archon of ca. 110-115.[89]
75–81 | Unknown |
82-83 | Anarchy | Synchronised by Phlegon of Tralles with the consulship of Domitian and Petilus Rufus
83-84 | Annius [Thrasylus]? |
ca. 84-90 | Q. Vibius Crispus |
ca. 85 | Ti. Claudius Demostratus of Sounium | Exact date uncertain
87-88 | Domitian | As Roman Emperor
ca. 80-90 | L. Flavius Flammas of Cydathenaeum | Exact date uncertain
ca. 85-90 | T. Flavius Leosthenes of Paeania | Exact date uncertain
91-92 | Q. Trebellius Rufus | Also a Roman Senator and high priest of the imperial cult for Narbonese Gaul.[90]
92-93 | anarchy |
ca. 93 | C. Julius Antiochus
Epiphanes Philopappus (?) | Grandson of the last king of Commagene
ca. 94 | [Annius Pythod]orus |
95–96 | Octavius Theon |
96–97 | Octavius Proclus |
97-99 | unknown |
99–100 | T. Coponius Maximus of Hagnus |
100–101 | Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus of Marathon |
101–102 | Flavius Stratolaus |
102-103 | Claudius Demophilus |
103-104 | Flavius Sophocles of Sounium | Grandson of Conon, archon of 56-57 or 57-58.[91]
104-105 | T. Flavius Alcibiades of Paeania | Son of T. Flavius Leosthenes, archon ca. 85-90 AD[92]
105-106 | unknown |
106-107 | Cassius Diogenes |
107-108 | Flavius Euphanes |
108-109 | G. Julius Cassius of Steiria | Ancestor of Cassianus Apollonius, archon ca. 203-208, Cassianus "Sacred Herald", archon of 231-232, and Cassianus Philippus, archon of 237-238.[93]
109–110 | Flavius Pantaenus of Gargettus | Builder of the Library of Pantainos
ca. 110-115 | Vipsanius Aeolion of Phlya | Grandson of (Vipsanius) Aeolion, archon ca. 75 AD.[94]
ca. 110-120 | Diocles of Phalerum |
111–112 | Hadrian | Subsequently Roman emperor
ca. 112-115 | Didius Secundus of Sphettus
ca. 115 | Galerius Em- |
116–117 | Flavius Macrinus of Acharnae |
ca. 120 | Fulvius Metrodorus of Sounium |
ca. 120 | Zopyrus son of Dionysius of Agryle |
ca. 120-130 | D. Junius Patron of Berenicidae |
ca. 125 | Ti. Claudius Chrysippus of Phlya |
126–127 | Herodes Atticus | Adoptive son and nephew of Vibullius Hipparchus, archon in 118/9, also builder the Panathenaic Stadium and the Odeon, and a notable sophist.[95]
127–128 | Memmius Peisander of Collytus |
ca. 128–131 | Claudius Dometianus |
131–132 | Claudius Philogenes of Besa |
ca. 130-140 | Q. Alleius Epictetus |
ca. 130-140 | Popillius Ligys |
ca. 130-140 | L. ... of Anaphlystus | Name not preserved and date very approximate.
138–139 | Praxagoras Timotheus of Thoricus |
139–140 | T. Flavius Alcibiades | Son of T. Flavius Alcibiades, archon in 104/5[96]
140–141 | Ti. Claudius Attalus Andragathus of Sphettus | Originally of Synnada in Phrygia, also patron of the association of Dionysiac artists, priest of the Harmony of the Greeks and Zeus Eleutherius at Plataia[97]
141–142 | P. Aelius Phileas of Melite |
142–143 | P. Aelius Alexander of Phalerum |
143–144 | P. Aelius Vibullius Rufus of Marathon | Son of Vibullius Hipparchus, archon in 118/9 and nephew of Herodes Atticus, archon in 126/7
144–145 | Sulla | Assignment to this year is not certain.[98]
145–146 | Arrian | Originally of Nicomedia, also Roman consul ca. 130, governor of Cappadocia, and historian.
146–147 | T. Flavius [...] | The record of his name is garbled; it might have been "Tiberius Flavius Alcibiades."[99]
ca. 147–152 | L. Nummius "Sacred Herald" of Phalerum | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy
150–151 | Aelius Ardys |
152–153 or 153-154 | L. Nummius Menis of Phalerum |
152–153 or 153-154 | Pompeius "Torchbearer" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy
154–155 | (Aelius) Praxagoras of Melite |
155–156 | Popillius Theotimus of Sounium |
ca. 156–160 | Aelius Callicrates |
ca. 156-160 | Aelius Gelos of Phalerum |
156-157 or 157-158 | Lycomedes of Leuconoeum |
157-158 or 159-160 | Dionysius of Leuconoeum |
158–159 | Ti. Aurelius Philemon of Philaedae |
159-160 | Unknown
160-161 | P. Aelius Themison, also called Pammenes of Azenia |
161–162 | L. Memmius "Altar priest" of Thoricus | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy
162-163 | Flavius Harpalianus of Steiria |
163–164 | Philistides of Piraeus | Father of Aristocleides, archon of 176-177 and Philistides, archon of ca. 194-200, grandfather of Aurelius Philistides, archon of ca. 225 AD.[100]
164–165 | 'Arrius Epaphroditus |
165–166 | Sextus of Phalerum |
166–167 | Marcus Valerius Mamertinus of Marathon | Subject of a trial before Marcus Aurelius.[101]
167–168 | anarchy | Rotoff suggests that the absence of an archon for this year, and two of the following four years, was likely due to the Antonine Plague.[102]
168–169 | Tineius Ponticus of Besa |
169–170 | anarchy |
170–171 | Tiberius Memmius Flaccus of Marathon |
171–172 | anarchy |
172–173 | Lucius Gellius Xenagoras of Melite | Originally of Delphi. Father of Xenagoras, archon of ca. 213-220.[103]
173–174 | Veisius Piso of Melite |
ca. 174–175 | Ti. Claudius Lysiades of Melite | Descendant of Lysiades the younger, archon ca. 42 AD, brother of Ti. Claudius Demostratus, archon of 180-181, and uncle of Ti. Claudius Philippus, archon of 193/4.[104]
175–176 | Claudius Heracleides of Melite |
176-177 | Aristocleides of Piraeus | Son of Philistides, archon of 163-164, brother of Philistides, archon of ca. 194-200, uncle of Aurelius Philistides, archon of ca. 225 AD.[105]
177-178 or 178-179 | Sallustianus Aeolion of Phyla |
179-180 | [Scrib]onius Capito |
180–181 | Claudius Demostratus | Descendant of Lysiades the younger, archon ca. 42 AD, brother of Ti. Claudius Lysaides, archon of ca. 174-175, and father of Ti. Claudius Philippus, archon of 193/4.[106]
181-182 | Athenodorus of Eitea |
182–183 | Marcus Munatius Maximianus Vopiscus of Azenia | Father of Munatius Themison, archon ca. 205.[107]
183–184 | Domitius Aristaeus of Paeonidae | Perhaps an uncle of Domitius Arabianus, archon ca. 216-226 and thus originally from Amastris.[108]
184–185 | Titus Flavius Sosigenes of Pallene |
185–186 | Philotimus son of Arcesidemus of Elaeous |
186–187 | C. Fabius Thisbianus of Marathon | Probably father of Fabius "torchbearer", archon ca. 210-211. Perhaps of Peloponesian origin.[109]
187–188 | Ti. Claudius Bradua Atticus | Son of Herodes Atticus, archon of 126-127
188–189 | Commodus | Also Roman Emperor
189–190 | Menogenes |
190–191 | Julius "Hierophant" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy
191–192 | Gaius Pinarius Proculus of Hagnus |
192–193 | Unknown
ca. 192-200 | Aelius Alexander of Phalerum | Brother of Aelius Gelos, archon ca. 192-200.[110]
ca. 192-200 | Aelius Gelos of Phalerum | Brother of Aelius Alexander, archon ca. 192-200.[111]
ca. 192-200 | Quintus ... of Eleusis |
ca. 192-200 | Pompeius Alexander of Acharnae |
193–194 | Ti. Claudius "Torchbearer" | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy, but is known from earlier sources to have been Philippus. Descendant of Lysiades the younger, archon ca. 42 AD, nephew of Ti. Claudius Lysaides, archon of ca. 174-175, and son of Ti. Claudius Demostratus, archon of 180-181.[112]
ca. 194-201 | Philisteides of Piraeus | Son of Philistides, archon of 163-164, brother of Aristocleides, archon of ca. 176-177, uncle of Aurelius Philistides, archon of ca. 225 AD.[113]
195-196 | Gaius Helvidius Secundus of Pallene |
ca. 195-205 | Flavius "Iacchagogue" of Agryle | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy
196-197 | Unknown
ca. 196-206 | Claudius Phocas of Marathon |
197-198 | Annius ... of Sphettus | Uncertain
ca. 199-200 | Flavius Straton |
197-198 | Xenokles (?) |
198–199 | Titus Flavius Sosigenes Palleneus (?) |
199-200 | Dionysodorus Eucarpon (?) |
ca. 200 | Pomp. Hegias of Phalerum |
ca. 200 | Aurelius Dem[...] (?) |
Early 3rd cent. | P. Aelius Apollonius of Pallene |
ca. 200-220 | Claudius Apolloniarius |
200-201 | Unknown |
201-202 | C. Quintus Himertus of Marathon | Father of Cleon, archon ca. 215-226.[114]
202-203 | Anarchy |
203-209 | Unknown |
ca. 203-208 | Gaius Cassianus Apollonius of Steiria | Descendant of Julius Cassius, archon of 108-109, cousin of Cassianus "Sacred Herald", archon of 231-232, and father of Cassianus Philippus, archon of 237-238.[115]
ca. 205 | M. Munatius Themison of Azenia | Son of Munatius Maximianus Vopiscus, archon of 182-183.[116]
209–210 | Flavius Diogenes of Marathon |
ca. 210-211 | Fabius "Torchbearer" of Marathon | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy, from earlier sources it is known to have been Thisbianus. Probably son of Fabius Thisbianus, archon of 186-187.[117]
ca. 210-220 | Aelius He[racleides?] of Steiria
210-215 | Unknown |
ca. 212- | ... Agathocles | Following the Constitutio Antoniniana in this year, Roman citizenship and was extended to all Athenians who had not already received it, with the nomen Aurelius.
ca. 213-220 | L. Gellius Xenagoras of Melite | Son of Xenagoras, archon of 172-173.[118]
ca. 213-220 | Ti. Claudius L- of Melite |
ca. 213-230 | Aurelius Calliphron presbyterus |
215–216 | Aurelius Dionysius of Acharnae |
216-220 | Unknown |
ca. 216–226 | Domitius Arabianus of Marathon | Probably Marcus Ulpius Domitius Aristaeus Arabianus, legate of Asia ca. 208-217, originally of Amastris. Perhaps a nephew of Domitius Aristaeus, archon ca. 183-184.[119]
ca. 216-226 | G. Quintus Cleon of Marathon | Son of Himertus, archon of 201-202.[120]
ca. 216-226 | Ti. Claudius Patroclus of Lamptrae |
220–221 | Philinus |
ca. 220 | P. Pomp. Hegias of Phalerum |
ca. 220-230 | G. Pinarius Bassus |
221-222 | Unknown |
222-223 | Aurelius Melpomenus |
223-227 | Unknown |
ca. 225 | Aurelius Philistides | Grandson of Philistides, archon of 163-164, nephew of Philistides, archon ca. 194-201, and son of Aristocleides, archon of ca. 176-177.[121]
227-228 | A- ... |
228-231 | Unknown |
ca.230 | Marcus Ulpius Eubiotus Leurus of Hypata | Suffect consul sometime before his archonship, related by marriage to Emperor Pupienus.
231-232 | Cassianus "Sacred Herald" of Steiria | His personal name is obscured due to hieronymy, from earlier sources we know that it was Bassus. Descendant of Julius Cassius, archon of 108-109, cousin of Cassianus Apollonius, archon ca. 203-208 and Cassianus Philippus, archon of 237-238.[122]
232-235 | Unknown |
234–235 | ... Epictetus of Acharnae |
236-237 | Unknown |
240–241 | Cas[sianus Philippus] of Steiria | Descendant of Julius Cassius, archon of 108-109, son of Cassianus Apollonius, archon ca. 203-208, cousin of Cassianus "Sacred Herald", archon of 231-232.[123]
238-240 | Unknown |
239-240 or 240-241 | Flavius Asclepiades of Diomeia |
240-255 | Unknown |
ca. 240-253 | Aurelius Laudicianus |
ca. 240-260 | Claudius Teres | Originally from Illyria.
ca. 250 | Marcus Aurelius Calliphron, also called Frontinus of Gargettus | Father of Cornelianus, archon ca. 260.[124]
255-256 | Lucius Flavius Philostratus of Steiria | Perhaps grandson of the author Philostratus
ca. 255 | Aurelius Dionysius of Lamptrae |
ca.255 | P. Herennius Dexippus | Also archon Basileus? Later led Athenian troops against the Heruls.
255-264 | Unknown |
ca. 260 | M. Herennius Calliphron, also called Cornelianus of Gargettus | Son of Calliphron / Frontinus, archon ca. 250.[125]
264–265[126] | Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus | Also Roman Emperor
ca. 267-268 | Titus Flavius Mondon of Phlya | Archon twice and also priest of Athena Polias and the Harmony of the Greeks; he was originally from Thespiae.[127]
between 300
and 330 | Constantine the Great[128][129] |
between 300
and 350 | Hegeias |
end 4th
century | Phaedrus |
386-387 | Hermogenes |
c. 475 | Theagenes |
484-485 | Nicagoras |

## See also

* Timeline of ancient Greece
* Regnal name
* Archon basileus
* Hierotheos the Thesmothete, reported first head of the Christians of Athens.
* Polemarch (replaced in 501 BC by ten strategoi)
* Roman consul

## References

1. ↑ At first the chief of the city was only a priest. "The charge of the public sacrifices of the city belongs according to religious custom, not to special priests, but to those men who derive their dignity from the hearth, and who are here called kings, elsewhere Prytaneis, and again archons." (Aristotle, Politics, VIII.5)
2. ↑ Michael Rostovtzeff, Greece, passim.
3. ↑ "The Athenian archons when they entered upon their duties ascended to the Acropolis wearing crowns of myrtles, and offered a sacrifice to the titular, divinity of the town. It was also customary for them to wear crowns of foliage when they exercised their functions. And it is certain that the crown, which became and which still remains the emblem of power, was then only a religious symbol, an exterior sign, which accompanied prayer and sacrifice. Amongst the nine archons, the second archon, the one called the King, was the representative of the high priestly function of the old Kings, but each of his colleagues had some priestly duty to fulfill, some sacrifice to offer to the gods. ("Gustave Ducoudray, The history of ancient civilization: a handbook, 1889 pg 129)
4. ↑ Gods, Heroes and Tyrants: Greek Chronology in Chaos By Emmet John Sweeney.
5. ↑ Green, Peter (2009). "Diodorus Siculus on the Third Sacred War". in Marincola, John. A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. 2. Oxford, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. p. 364. ISBN 9780470766286. https://books.google.com/books?id=HXSwRG_whNUC&pg=PT434.
6. ↑ Fox The Classical World p. 122
7. ↑ Lacey The Family in Ancient Greece p. 139-145
8. ↑ Adkins Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece p. 35-36
9. ↑ Aristotle Constitution of Athens, 3
10. ↑ The son of Codrus was lame, which was why his brother Neileus would not let him rule, but the Delphian oracle bestowed the kingdom upon Medon. For more see Pausanias, Description of Greece, 7. 2. 1.
11. ↑ Constitution of Athens and Related Texts – Page 70
12. ↑ John Blair, Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables: From the Creation to the Present Time, with Additions and Corrections from the Most Authentic Writers, Including the Computation of St. Paul, as Connecting the Period from the Exode to the Temple. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1844. pg. 27
13. ↑ John Lemprière, A Classical Dictionary pg. 183
14. ↑ Pausanias, Description of Greece, Volume 3 – Page 64. (cf. "The successors of Codrus were Medon (son of Codrus), Acastus (son of Medon), Archippus (son of Acastus), Thersippus (son of Archippus), Phorbas (son of Thersippus), Megacles (son of Phorbas), Diognetus (son of Megacles), Pherecles (son of Diognetus), Ariphron (son of Pherecles), Thespieus (son of Ariphron), Agamestor (son of Thespieus), Aeschylus (son of Agamestor), Alcmaeon. All these, according to the common tradition, held the archonship for life. After Alcmaeon the tenure of the office was made decennial. The first decennial archon was Charops, the second was Aesimides, and the third was Clidicus. See Eusebius, Chronic. vol. 1. pp. 185–190, ed. Schone.")
15. ↑ Michael Russell, A Connection of Sacred and Profane History, Pg 355
16. ↑ See Historicity of the Iliad.
17. ↑ Herodotus 2.53.
18. ↑ George Crabb, Universal Historical Dictionary pg. 91
19. ↑ According to Diodorus Siculus (of the 1st century BC).
20. ↑ Blair, Chronological and Historical Tables pg. 30
21. ↑ Herodotus, George Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. The History of Herodotus: A New English Version, Ed. with Copious Notes and Appendices, Illustrating the History and Geography of Herodotus, from the Most Recent Sources of Information; and Embodying the Chief Results, Historical and Ethnographical, which Have Been Obtained in the Progress of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphical Discovery, Volume 3. Appleton, 1882. Pg 316
22. ↑ Evelyn Abbott. A Skeleton Outline of Greek History: Chronologically Arranged. Pg 27.
23. ↑ The Roman Antiquities, Volume 1. By Dionysius (Halicarnassensis). pg 162.
24. ↑ History of Ancient and Modern Greece. By John Frost. Pg 35
25. ↑ According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus
26. ↑ Pausanias's Description of Greece, 4.5.3; Volume 3 By Pausanias. Pg 64
27. ↑ Henry-Fines Clinton. Fasti Hellenici, the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, from the Earliest Accounts to the Death of Augustus. University Press, 1834 pg 241, Pg 166
28. ↑ Nicolas Lenglet Dufresnoy. Chronological Tables of Universal History: Sacred and Profane, Ecclesiastical and Civil; from the Creation of the World, to the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-three. With a Preliminary Discourse on the Short Method of Studying History; and a Catalogue of Books Necessary for that Purpose; with Some Remarks on Them, Volume 1. A. Millar, 1762. Pg 124
29. ↑ John Blair. Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables: From the Creation to the Present Time, with Additions and Corrections from the Most Authentic Writers, Including the Computation of St. Paul, as Connecting the Period from the Exode to the Temple. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, Paternoster Row., 1844. Pg 38
30. ↑ Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables. Pg 39
31. ↑ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of archons down to 481/0 BC are taken from T. J. Cadoux, "The Athenian Archons from Kreon to Hypsichides", Journal of Hellenic Studies, 68 (1948), pp. 70-123
32. ↑ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 88
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Cadoux notes "We cannot be sure that it was the same man who held the second archonship, nor, if we held that it was, do we know anything of the circumstances under which this happened. Nor, again, do we know if this man or men belonged to the Philaid family." ("Athenian Archons", p. 90)
34. ↑ Cadoux notes this entry is based on a surviving passage of Hippys of Rhegion which is very obscure; Hippys states one Epainetos was king at Athens in the 36th Olympiad. However, this statement is full of mistakes which makes Cadooux suspicious of this passage. ("Athenian Archons", p. 91)
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 Per one surviving fragment of the Athenian Archon list. Donald W. Bradeen, "The Fifth-Century Archon List", Hesperia, 32 (1963), pp. 187-208
36. ↑ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 103
37. ↑ So Cadoux and Alan Samuel; Benjamin D. Merrit notes the name could be read "Onetorides". (Merrit, "Greek inscriptions, 14-27", Hesperia, 8 (1939), p 60)
38. ↑ This identification has been questioned by Matthew P. J. Dillon, "Was Kleisthenes of Pleisthenes Archon at Athens in 525 BC?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 155 (2006), pp. 91-107
39. ↑ Herodotus, Histories, books V and VI Google Books link
40. ↑ But he adds, "It seems gratuitous to invent a third Miltiades-presumably from another family; and there are no solid chronological grounds for rejecting either of the two Philaids." (Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 110)
41. ↑ See Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", pp. 111f
42. ↑ Alan Samuel is doubtful this archon existed, claiming this is based on Eustathius' misunderstanding his source, which provides the date Pindar died, not when he was born. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 204
43. ↑ Cadoux suspects this is a corruption of the archon's real name. ("Athenian Archons", p. 116)
44. ↑ Added from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 205
45. ↑ Nine archons were appointed by lot by the tribes from 500 nominees chosen by the demes and that this was the method in the Archonship of Telesinus. See also the Areopagite constitution.
46. ↑ Cadoux, "Athenian Archons", p. 119
47. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 480/79 to 348/7 BC are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), pp. 206-210.
48. ↑ "Calliades was archon in Athens, and the Romans made Spurius Cassius and Proculus Verginius Tricostus consuls, and the Eleians celebrated the Seventy-fifth Olympiad, that in which Astylus of Syracuse won the 'stadion.' It was in this year that king Xerxes made his campaign against Greece" (Diodorus, 11.1.2)
49. ↑ Friis Johansen, H. and Whittle, E.W. 1980. Aeschylus: the Suppliants, 3 Vols. Copenhagen. 21ff
50. ↑ Alternative spellings are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, pp. 206-210
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 207
52. ↑ Develin 1989, p. 78.
53. ↑ Classical Philology. p. 53
54. ↑ The Works of Xenophon: & II and Anabasis. 1890 By Xenophon. Pg 98
55. ↑ Thucydides (2.2) states that it began "in the 48th year of the priestess-ship of Chrysis at Argos, in the ephorate of Aenesias at Sparta, in the last month but two of the archonship of Pythodorus at Athens." Thucydides reports a solar eclipse that summer (2.28), which can be confidently dated to 3 August 431 BC. (E. J. Bickerman, Chronology of the Ancient World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), p. 87)
56. ↑ Thucydides: Arguments. Peloponnesian War, Book III (cont'd.)-VI By Thucydides. Pg 208
57. ↑ Sophocles: The Oedipus Coloneus. 3d ed. 1900 By Sophocles, Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb. Pg 4. (cf. Micon was [the Archon of] 402 B.C., Callias of [the Archon of] 406 B.C. Between them came Alexias (405), Pythodorus (404, the Anarchy), and Eucleides (403).)
58. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 347/6 to 301/0 BC are taken from Benjamin D. Meritt, "Athenian Archons 347/6–48/7 B.C.", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 26 (1977), pp. 161–191
59. ↑ Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 210
60. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 300/299 to 228/7 BC are taken from Michael J. Osborne, "The Archons of Athens 300/299-228/7", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 171 (2009), pp. 83-99
61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 The order in which these three archons held their office is not yet clear. (Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 85 n. 14)
62. ↑ This year is commonly attributed to "Gorgias" based on Pseudo-Plutarch (Vitae Decem Oratorum, 847D); however, Gorgias may be a corruption of the very rare name "Ourias" archon in 281/0 BC; Gorgias is thus a ghost. (Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 87 n. 21)
63. ↑ Osborne notes that Pytharatus "is one of the very few archons of the 3rd century after the 290s to be securely dated on the basis of Olympiads and literary testimony." "Archons of Athens", p. 88 n. 26
64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 Osborne, "Archons of Athens", p. 90 n. 29
65. ↑ Voula Bardani and Stephen Tracy, "A New List of Athenian Ephebes and a New Archon of Athens", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 163 (2007), pp. 75-80
66. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 227/6 to 211/0 BC are taken from Michael Osborne, "The Date of the Athenian Archon Thrasyphon", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 164 (2008), pp. 85-8
67. ↑ Aleshire had placed Hoplon at this year because there was a gap; however, Osborne's latest revision of the Archon list has removed that gap. For further details, see Aleshire, "The Athenian Archon Hoplon", Hesperia, 57 (1988), pp. 253-5
68. ↑ Thrasyphon is commonly dated to 221/0 BC based on a Magnesian inscription that allows his archonship to be dated to the fourth year of Olympiad 139; Osborne has argued that the correlation is not that exact and his archonship could fall in the first year of Olympiad 140. (Osborne, "The Date", pp. 85, 88)
69. ↑ Merrit disagrees, placing Sostratos here and providing a primary source; Osborne provides no supporting evidence for Aeschron here. Merritt, "Athenian Archons", p. 178
70. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, the archons from 209/8 to 201/0 BC are taken from John S. Traill, "A Revision of Hesperia, XLIII, 1974, 'A New Ephebic Inscription from the Athenian Agora'", Hesperia, 45 (1976), pp. 296-303
71. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 201/0 to 160/59 BC are taken from Osborne, "Archons of Athens"
72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Following the arguments of John S. Traill, "The Athenian Archon Pleistainos", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 103 (1994), pp. 109-114
73. ↑ Christian Habicht argues that, based on the floruit of the letter-cutter of inscription did not extend beyond 185 BC, Achaeus' archonship occurred earlier and places Epaenetus in this year. (Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons", p. 245)
74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Unless otherwise noted, archons from 159/8 to 141/0 BC are taken from Christian Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons of Athens from 159/8 to 141/0 B. C.", Hesperia, 57 (1988), pp. 237-247
75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 75.5 75.6 Habicht expresses less certainty about the dates of these seven archones. (Habicht, "The Eponymous Archons", p. 246)
76. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 139/8 to 61/60 BC are taken from Merrit, "Athenian Archons"
77. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 60/59 to 10/9 BC are taken from Simone Follet, "Deux inscriptions attiques inédites copiées par l'abbé Michel Fourmont (Parisinus Suppl. gr. 854)", Revue des Études Grecques, 118 (2005). pp. 1-14.
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Samuel adds these three names, as well as the next four, citing IG III2 1713 for their presence in the archon list. (Greek and Roman), p. 226
79. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from 8/7 BC to AD 74 are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman, pp. 223–237
80. ↑ Identified with a member of the Thracian Royal house based on IG II2 1070, making him the first verified foreigner to be the Athenian Eponymous archon. (Robert K. Sherk, "The Eponymous Officials of Greek Cities: I", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 83 (1990), p. 275)
81. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 489
82. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 488–489
83. ↑ R. Neubauer, "Das Archontat des Rhoemetalkas in Athen", Hermes, 10 (1876), pp. 145–152
84. ↑ Or eponymous archon in 41/2.
85. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
86. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 488–489
87. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 243-244
88. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons from AD 74 to 267 are taken from Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 501–510
89. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 488–489
90. ↑ James H. Oliver, "Greek Inscriptions", Hesperia: The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: Twenty-First Report, 11 (1942), p. 80
91. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 243-244
92. ↑ Gustav Hirschfeld, "Die Familie des Titus Flavius Aklibiades", Hermes, 7 (1873), pp. 52–61
93. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314–320
94. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 489–491
95. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 114–115
96. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 256–257
97. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 138–139
98. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 508, 527
99. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 246
100. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
101. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 462
102. ↑ Rotoff, "An Athenian Archon List", p. 408
103. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 281-282
104. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
105. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
106. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
107. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 370
108. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 218-221
109. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 225
110. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 6-7
111. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 6-7
112. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 153-164
113. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
114. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 420
115. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314–320
116. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 370
117. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 225
118. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 281-282
119. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 218-221
120. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 420
121. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. xv
122. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314–320
123. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 314–320
124. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 290-291
125. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 290-291
126. ↑ After 265, the record is so fragmentary that "Unknown" is not indicated past this point.
127. ↑ Byrne, Roman Citizens, pp. 266-267
128. ↑ So claimed by James H. Oliver, "Roman Emperors and Athens", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 30 (1981), 423
129. ↑ Unless otherwise noted, archons for 300 to 484-485 are taken from Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, pp. 234–237.

## Further reading

* Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece New York: Oxford University Press 1997 ISBN 0-19-512491-X
* Aristotle's Athenian Constitution
* Develin, Robert (1989). Athenian Officials 684–321 BC. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32880-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=cmoRFMTAu-0C.
* Dinsmoor, William Bell The Archons of Athens in the Hellenistic Age. Cambridge, 1931 (1966 reprint)
* Dinsmoor, William Bell The Athenian Archon List in the Light of Recent Discoveries. Columbia University Press, 1939 (1974 reprint, ISBN 0-8371-4735-2)
* Fox, Robin Lane The Classical World: An Epic History from Homer to Hadrian New York: Basic Books 2006 ISBN 0-465-02496-3
* Hamel, Debra Athenian Generals: Military Authority in the Classical Period. Koninklijke Brill NV, 1998.
* Graindor, Paul Chronologie des archontes athéniens sous l'Empire, Brussels, 1922 (Mémoires de l'Académie de Belgique, 4°, 1921),
* Lacey, W. K. The Family in Classical Greece Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 1968
* Owens, Ron Justice and the Political Reforms of Solon, Eponymous Archon at Athens, 594–593 BC. Australian National University, 2000.
* Rostovtzeff, Michael. Greece. 2nd.ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963.

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hu:Arkhón

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eponymous archon. Read more

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