Strength of glass

Short description: Physical properties of glass

Glass typically has a tensile strength of 7 megapascals (1,000 psi).[1] However, the theoretical upper bound on its strength is orders of magnitude higher: 17 gigapascals (2,500,000 psi). This high value is due to the strong chemical Si–O bonds of silicon dioxide. Imperfections of the glass, such as bubbles, and in particular surface flaws, such as scratches, have a great effect on the strength of glass and decrease it even more than for other brittle materials.[2][1] The chemical composition of the glass also impacts its tensile strength.[3] The processes of thermal and chemical toughening can increase the tensile strength of glass.[4]

Glass has a compressive strength of 1,000 megapascals (150,000 psi).[5][6]

## Contents

* 1 Strength of glass fiber
* 2 Strength of fiberglass
* 3 Hardness
* 4 References

## Strength of glass fiber

Glass fibers have a much higher tensile strength than regular glass (200-500 times stronger than regular glass).[7] This is due to the reduction of flaws in glass fibers[8] and that glass fibers have a small cross sectional area, constraining maximum defect size (Size effect on structural strength).[2]

## Strength of fiberglass

Fiberglass's strength depends on the type. S-glass has a strength of 700,000 pounds per square inch (4,800 MPa) while E-glass and C-glass have a strength of 500,000 pounds per square inch (3,400 MPa).[9]

## Hardness

Glass has a hardness of 6.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.[10][11]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kasunic, Keith J. (2015-03-02) (in en). Optomechanical Systems Engineering. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118809907. https://books.google.com/books?id=VBzsBgAAQBAJ&q=glass+toughness+strength&pg=PA122.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lehman, Richard (November 24, 2017). "The Mechanical Properties of Glass". http://glassproperties.com/references/MechPropHandouts.pdf.
3. ↑ (in en) The Glass Industry. Ashlee Publishing Company, Incorporated. 1923. https://books.google.com/books?id=bt8kAQAAMAAJ&q=glass+tensile+strength+dependent+on+chemical+composition&pg=PA24.
4. ↑ Kaltenbach, Frank (2004-01-01) (in en). Translucent Materials: Glass, Plastics, Metals. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783034614320. https://books.google.com/books?id=qUXVAAAAQBAJ&q=tensile+strength+of+glass+increased+by+physical+and+chemical+toughening&pg=PA12.
5. ↑ "Physical Properties of Glass - Saint-Gobain Glass UK". http://uk.saint-gobain-glass.com/appcommportalchilddetails/713/442/711/378.
6. ↑ Bos, Freek; Louter, Christian; Veer, Fred (2008) (in en). Challenging Glass: Conference on Architectural and Structural Applications of Glass, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, May 2008. IOS Press. ISBN 9781586038663. https://books.google.com/books?id=Um1Hj90OQL8C&q=glass+compressive+strength+1000MPa&pg=PA148.
7. ↑ Tiwari, Nachiketa (November 25, 2017). "Introduction to Composite Materials and Structures". http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112104168/L03.pdf.
8. ↑ Wang, Ru-Min; Zheng, Shui-Rong; Zheng, Yujun George (2011-07-14) (in en). Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology. Elsevier. ISBN 9780857092229. https://books.google.com/books?id=uHhwAgAAQBAJ&q=glass+fiber+has+higher+strength+than+glass&pg=PA39.
9. ↑ Engineers, NIIR Board of Consultants and (2006-10-01) (in en). The Complete Technology Book on Plastic Extrusion, Moulding And Mould Designs. ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.. ISBN 9788178330082. https://books.google.com/books?id=UgO3AgAAQBAJ&q=fiberglass+tensile+strength&pg=PT61.
10. ↑ Limited, Australian Drilling Industry Training Committee (2015-04-01) (in en). The Drilling Manual, Fifth Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439814215. https://books.google.com/books?id=yYu9BwAAQBAJ&q=glass+hardness+mohs&pg=PA607.
11. ↑ Murphy, J. (2001-11-22) (in en). Additives for Plastics Handbook. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080498614. https://books.google.com/books?id=L5uWSRjY3Y0C&q=glass+mohs+hardness+is+6.5&pg=PA44.

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