Main Magnetic Focus Ion Source

Photo: The MaMFIS operating at electron beam energy of up to 4 keV and electron current density of about 20 kA/cm2.

Main Magnetic Focus Ion Source (MaMFIS) is a compact ion source with extremely high electron current density. The device is designed for production of ions of arbitrary elements in any charge states, in particular, of highly charged ions of heavy elements.[1][2][3]

## Operation

Atomic ions are produced and confined in the local ion traps formed in crossovers of a rippled electron beam propagating in a drift tube.[4] The electron beam is focused by a thick magnetic lens. In a sharp crossover, the electron current density can reach values, which significantly exceed that for the Brillouin focusing of laminar flow of electrons.[5] The extraction of ions from the ion source can be realized in both axial and radial directions. Without the ion extraction, the MaMFIS is called the Main Magnetic Focus Ion Trap (MaMFIT) and serves as a source of characteristic radiation. The devices operate at room temperature due to the use of permanent magnets and standard vacuum techniques.

## Applications

The MaMFIS can be employed as a tool for fundamental investigations in microplasma physics,[3] surface physics, and atomic physics[6][7][8][9] (e.g., for spectroscopy measurements, study of parity nonconservation in highly charged ions and search for variation of fundamental constants), as well as for technological applications (e.g., in single ion implantation and ion-beam lithography).

Another application of such ion sources is the charge breeding of short-lived radioactive isotopes.[10] Fast ionization of inner-shell electrons in atomic targets can allow one to exclude the decay channels caused by internal conversion and electron capture (inverse beta decay). Accordingly, the half-lives of nuclides can be increased by a few orders of magnitude. In this case, it seems feasible to expand the amount of short-lived radioactive species available for precision mass measurements.

## References

1. ↑ Ovsyannikov, V.P.; Nefiodov, A.V. (2016). "Main magnetic focus ion source with the radial extraction of ions" (in en). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 367: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2015.11.015. ISSN 0168-583X.
2. ↑ Ovsyannikov, V.P.; Nefiodov, A.V. (2016). "Main magnetic focus ion source: Basic principles, theoretical predictions and experimental confirmations" (in en). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 370: 32–41. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2016.01.001. ISSN 0168-583X.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ovsyannikov, V. P.; Nefiodov, A. V.; Levin, A. A. (2017). "Universal main magnetic focus ion source: A new tool for laboratory research of astrophysics and Tokamak microplasma" (in en). Journal of Physics: Conference Series 798 (1). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/798/1/012170. ISSN 1742-6596. http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/798/i=1/a=012170.
4. ↑ Ovsyannikov, Vladimir Petrovich; Andrei Vladimirovich Nefiodov & Oleg Kostantinovich Kultashev, "Method and device for the production of highly charged ions", US patent 10297413, published 2019-05-21
5. ↑ Brillouin L., A theorem of Larmor and its importance for electrons in magnetic fields, Physical Review, 67, p. 260 (1945) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.67.260
6. ↑ Kozlov, M. G.; Safronova, M. S.; Crespo López-Urrutia, J. R.; Schmidt, P. O. (2018-12-04). "Highly charged ions: Optical clocks and applications in fundamental physics". Reviews of Modern Physics 90 (4). doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.90.045005.
7. ↑ Micke, P.; Kühn, S.; Buchauer, L.; Harries, J. R.; Bücking, T. M.; Blaum, K.; Cieluch, A.; Egl, A. et al. (2018). "The Heidelberg compact electron beam ion traps". Review of Scientific Instruments 89 (6): 063109. doi:10.1063/1.5026961. ISSN 0034-6748. PMID 29960545.
8. ↑ Bondarevskaya, A A; Chubukov, D V; Mistonova, E A; Lyashchenko, K N; Andreev, O Yu; Surzhykov, A; Labzowsky, L N; Plunien, G et al. (2018). "Considerations towards the possibility of the observation of parity nonconservation in highly charged ions in storage rings". Physica Scripta 93 (2): 025401. doi:10.1088/1402-4896/aa9692. ISSN 0031-8949.
9. ↑ Safronova, Marianna S. (2019). "The Search for Variation of Fundamental Constants with Clocks" (in en). Annalen der Physik 531 (5). doi:10.1002/andp.201800364. ISSN 1521-3889.
10. ↑ Ovsyannikov, V.P.; Nefiodov, A.V.; Boytsov, A.Yu.; Ramzdorf, A.Yu.; Stegailov, V.I.; Tyutyunnikov, S.I.; Levin, A.A. (2021-09-01). "Main magnetic focus ion source: Device with high electron current density" (in en). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 502: 23–28. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2021.06.001. ISSN 0168-583X. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168583X21002068.

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