List of directly imaged exoplanets

Short description: Exoplanets confirmed or discovered from direct imaging

Motion interpolation of seven images of the HR 8799 system taken from the W. M. Keck Observatory over seven years, featuring four exoplanets

This is a list of extrasolar planets that have been directly observed, sorted by observed separations. This method works best for young planets that emit infrared light and are far from the glare of the star. Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation process, not a planet-formation process). This list does not include free-floating planetary-mass objects in star-forming regions or young associations, which are also referred to as rogue planets.

The data given for each planet is taken from the latest published paper on the planet to have that data. In many cases it is not possible to have an exact value, and an estimated range is instead provided. The coldest and oldest planet directly imaged are Epsilon Indi Ab and 14 Herculis c, which have six times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, an age of about 3.5 Ga and eight times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, an age of about 4.6 Ga, respectively. This list includes the four members of the multi-planet system that orbit HR 8799.

It is unlikely or at least unclear if objects on a wide orbit (≥100 AU) formed in circumstellar disks and these objects are therefore more often referred as planetary-mass companions.[1][2][3] Only in rare cases, such as for HD 106906 b, the formation of the object in the disk is seen plausible.

## Contents

* 1 Key
* 2 Exoplanets
* 3 See also
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Key

Exoplanets have been discovered using several different methods for collecting or combining direct images to isolate planets from the background light of their star. Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry is a method of combining the views of multiple telescopes into a single image, while the other methods are algorithms for combining multiple direct images taken from the same telescope.

* ADI = Angular Differential Imaging
* KLIP = Karhunen–Loève Image Processing
* LOCI = Locally Optimized Combination of Images
* NRM = Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry
* RSDI = Reference Star Differential Imaging
* SDI = Spectral Differential Imaging
* TLOCI = Template Locally Optimized Combination of Images

## Exoplanets

Although listed in the table below, the identities of Alpha Centauri candidate 1, FW Tau b, 2MASS J044144 b, CVSO 30 c and HD 100546 b are disputed. They may not actually be true exoplanets.  † There is no consensus whether these companions of stars should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets Check https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html to see more directly imaged planets. It contains an updated table of all of them.

Star | Exoplanet | Image  | Mass (MJ)  | Radius (RJ)  | Period (yr)  | Observed separation (AU)  | Eccentricity | Distance to Earth (ly)  | Year of Imaging confirmation  | Year of discovery  | Year of first image  | Imaging technique  | Ref(s).

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WISE 0146+4234 | WISE 0146+4234 B†  | 50px  | 10 ±4  |  | 10  | 0.93+0.12
−0.16 |  | 63  | 2015  |  |  | AO  |
WISE J0336-0143 | WISE J0336-0143 B†  | 50px  | 4–12.5  |  | 5–9  | 0.97+0.05
−0.09 |  | 32.7 ± 0.7  | 2023  | 2023  | 2022  | source subtraction  | [4]
Alpha Centauri A  | Alpha Centauri Ab (?)  | 50px  | 0.11±0.05  | 0.459±0.17  | ~1  | 1.1  |  | 4.37  | 2021  |  |  |  |
CFBDSIR J145829+101343 | CFBDSIR J145829+101343 b  | 50px  | 10.5±4.5 |  | 27.5±7.5 | 2.6±0.3 |  | 104 ± 8  | 2011  | 2011  | 2010  | Direct imaging  | [5][6]
HD 206893 | HD 206893 c  |  | 12.7+1.2
−1.0 | 1.46+0.18
−0.06 | 5.7  | 3.53+0.08
−0.06 | 0.41±0.03 | 133.0 ± 0.2  | 2023  | 2023  | 2021  | interferometry  | [7]
HD 206893 B†  | 28.0+2.2
−2.1 | 1.25±0.02 | 26  | 9.6+0.4
−0.3 | 0.14±0.05 | 2016  | 2016  | 2015  | ADI, PCA  | [8][7]
WISE 1217+1626 | WISE 1217+1626 A b  | 50px  | 22 ± 2  | 0.934 ± 0.029  | 130–210  | 8.0 ± 1.3  |  | 30.4 ± 1.0  |  | 2012  | 2012  | Direct imaging  | [9]
AF Leporis | AF Lep b  | 50px  | 3.74+0.53
−0.50 | 1.30 ± 0.15  | 24.38+1.1
−0.41 | 9.01+0.20
−0.19 | 0.031+0.027
−0.020 | 87.55 ± 0.05  | 2023  | 2023  | 2011  | Direct imaging  | [10][11][12][13][14][15]
Beta Pictoris | Beta Pictoris b | 50px  | 12.7±0.3 | 1.46±0.01 | 22.47+3.77
−2.26 | 10.018+0.082
−0.076 | 0.08+0.09
−0.05 | 63.4±0.1 | 2010  | 2008  | 2003  | RSDI  | [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
51 Eridani | 51 Eridani b | 50px  | 9.1+4.9
−3.3 | 1.11+0.16
−0.14 | 32+17
−9 | 12+4
−2 | 0.45+0.10
−0.15 | 96.0 ± 1.0  | 2015  | 2015  | 2014  | ADI, KLIP  | [23][24][25][26]
HR 8799 | HR 8799 e | 50px  | 9.6+1.9
−1.8 | 1.17+0.13
−0.11 | 49  | 14.5  | 0.14  | 133.3 ± 0.2  | 2010  | 2010  | 2009  | ADI, LOCI  | [27][28][29]
HR 8799 d | 9.2 ± 0.1  | 1.2 ± 0.1  | 100  | 24.5  | 0.09  | 133.3 ± 0.2  | 2008  | 2008  | 2008  | ADI, LOCI  | [30][31]
HR 8799 c | 8.5 ± 0.4  | 1.2 ± 0.1  | 189  | 37.4  | 0.24  | 133.3 ± 0.2  | 2008  | 2008  | 2004/
2007  | ADI, LOCI  | [30][31]
HR 8799 b | 6.0 ± 0.3  | 1.2 ± 0.1  | 474  | 69.2  | 0.17  | 133.3 ± 0.2  | 2008  | 2008  | 2004/
2007  | ADI, LOCI  | [30][31]
2M J044144 | 2M J044144 b†  | 50px  | 9.8 ± 1.8  |  |  | 15 ± 0.6  |  | 400 ± 10  | 2010  | 2010  | 2008  | Direct imaging  | [32][33]
WISE 1711+3500  | WISE 1711+3500 B  | 50px  | 8.1-26  |  | 280–430  | 15 ± 2  |  | 75 ± 3  |  | 2012  | 2012  | laser AO  | [9]
TYC 5709-354-1 | WISPIT 2c  | 50x50px  | 8-12  | 0.91-2.2  |  | 15  |  | 437 ± 1  | 2026  | 2025  | 2025  | Direct imaging/ Interferometry  | [34][35]
WISPIT 2b  | 5.3 ± 1.0  | 1.6 ± 0.2  |  | 54  |  | 2025  | 2025  | 2023  | Direct imaging  | [36][34]
29 Cygni | HIP 99770 b | 50px  | 17+6
−5 | 1.5 ± 0.3  | 51.0+17.0
−7.8 | 15.8+1.7
−1.0 | 0.31+0.06
−0.12 | 132.9 ± 0.4  | 2023  | 2022  | 2021  | ALOCI  | [37][38]
HD 135344A  | HD 135344Ab  |  | 10.0+1.4
−1.9 | 1.45+0.06
−0.03 - 1.60+0.07
−0.06 |  | 16.5+2.8
−2.0 | 0.5±0.2 | 440 ± 1  | 2025  | 2025  | 2019  | coronagraph and interferometry  | [39]
HIP 21152 | HIP 21152 b  |  | 24+6
−4 |  | 60.3  | 17+5
−4 | 0.36+0.37
−0.25 | 141  | 2022  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [40]
14 Herculis | 14 Herculis c | 50x50px  | 7.9+1.6
−1.2 | 1.03 ± 0.01  | 143 ± 3  | 20.0+12.0
−4.9 | 0.52+0.16
−0.12 | 58.38 ± 0.03  | 2025  | 2006 (RV)  | 2024  | coronagraph  | [41][42][43]
HR 2562 | HR 2562 B |  | 8-18.5  | 1.11±0.11  |  | 20.3±0.3  |  | 111  | 2016  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [44]
PDS 70 | PDS 70 b | 50px  | 6+6
−4 | 1.96+0.20
−0.17 | 123.5+9.8
−4.9 | 20.7+1.4
−1.2 | 0.16+0.12
−0.01 | 366.6 ± 0.8  | 2018  | 2018  | 2012/
2016  | ADI, TLOCI  | [45][46][47]
PDS 70 c | 50px  | 9+9
−6 | 1.98+0.39
−0.31 | 191.5+15.8
−31.5 | 33.9+1.7
−2.1 | 0.042+0.027
−0.030 | 366.6 ± 0.8  | 2019  | 2019  | 2016/
2018  | SDI  | [48][46][47]
HIP 81208 C | HIP 81208 Cb†  | 50x50px  | 14.8±0.4  |  | Template:VAL | Template:VAL | Template:VAL | 477 ± 3  | 2023  | 2023  | 2019  | PACO ASDI  | [49]
HIP 54515  | HIP 54515 b  | 50px  | 17.7+7.6
−4.9 | 1.08±0.23 | 89+41
−24 | 24.8+7.2
−4.7 | 0.42+0.13
−0.14 | 271.4  | 2025  | 2025  | 2022  | Coronagraph, spectroscopy, astrometry  | [50]
PZ Telescopii | PZ Telescopii b  | 50px  | 27+25
−9 | 2.42+0.28
−0.34 | 120.5  | 27+14
−4 | 0.52+0.36
−0.32 | 154.1 ± 0.2  | 2010  | 2010  | 2007/
2009  | Direct imaging, radial velocity  | [51][52][53][54]
Epsilon Indi A  | Epsilon Indi Ab | 50x50px  | 7.29+0.60
−0.61 | 1.08[lower-alpha 1] | 180+32
−31 | 28.4+10
−7.2 | 0.40  | 11.867 ± 0.004  | 2024  | 2019 (RV)/
2002 (RV)  | 2019/
2023  | coronagraphic images  | [55][56][57][58][59]
HD 169142 | HD 169142 b  | 50px  | 3 ± 2  |  |  | 37.2  |  | 375 ± 1  | 2023  | 2019  | 2015  | pseudo-ADI, PDI, ASDI, ADI  | [60][61]
59 Virginis | Gliese 504 b†  | 50px  | 1–17  | 1.08+0.04
−0.03 |  | 43.5  |  | 57.4 ± 0.1  | 2013  | 2013  | 2011  | ADI, LOCI  | [62][63]
2M1207 | 2M1207b †  | 50px  | 5.5 ± 0.5  | 1.13  | >2029  | ≥49.8 ± 1.1  |  | 211 ± 2  | 2005  | 2004  | 2004  | Direct imaging  | [64][65][66]
CE Antliae | TWA 7b  | 50px  | 0.3  |  | 550  | 52  |  | 111.2 ± 0.1  |  | 2025  | 2024  | Direct imaging  | [67]
2MASS J01225093-2439505 | 2MASS J01225093-2439505 b  |  | 24.5±2.5  | 1.0  |  | 52  |  | 110  | 2013  |  |  | Direct imaging  |
KR Muscae  | HD 100546 b  | 50px  | 1.65-25  | 3.4  |  | 53 ± 2  |  | 353 ± 1  |  | 2013  | 2011  | Direct imaging  | [68][69][70]
Kappa Andromedae | Kappa Andromedae b | 50px  | 13+12−2 |  | 242–900 | 55  | 0.69–0.85 | 0168 168.0

| 2013  |  |  | ADI, LOCI  |
HD 95086 | HD 95086 b | 50px  | 5.0  |  | ?  | 56  | ?  | 0295 295

| 2013  |  |  | ADI, LOCI  |
HD 143811AB  | HD 143811 AB b  | 50px  | 6.1+0.7
−0.9 |  | 319+248
−86 | 63+30
−12 | 0.19±0.12 | 446±1 | 2025  | 2025  | 2016  | Coronagraphic imaging  | [71][72]
Delorme 1 (AB)  | Delorme 1 (AB) b†  | 50px  | 12-14  |  |  | 84  |  | 154  | 2013  |  |  | AO  | [73][74]
HIP 65426 | HIP 65426 b | 50px  | 6-12  | 1.5  | 600  | 92  |  | 0363 363

| 2017  |  |  | ADI, TLOCI  | [75][76]
AB Aurigae | AB Aurigae b | 50px  | 9-20  | <2.75  |  | 93  | 0.19-0.60  | 509 ± 3  | 2022  | 2022  | 2007/
2016  | ADI/RSDI, ALOCI  | [77][78]
MWC 758 | MWC 758 c  | 50px  |  |  |  | 100  |  | 508 ± 2  |  | 2019  | 2016  | Direct imaging  | [79][80]
GQ Lupi | GQ Lupi b | 50px  | 1–36  | 3.7  |  | 114 ± 33  |  | 495 ± 4  | 2005  | 2004  | 1994/
1999  | Direct imaging  | [81][82][83]
2MASS J04372171+2651014  | 2M0437 b |  | 3-5  |  |  | 118  |  | 418  | 2021  |  |  | AO  | [84]
ROXs 42B  | ROXs 42Bb | 50px  | 10+8
−4 | 2.10 ± 0.35  | 1968  | 157  |  | 440 ± 16  | 2013  | 2005  | 2001/
2011  | Speckle Imaging & Direct imaging  | [85][86][87][88]
2MASS J02192210-3925225  | 2MASS J02192210-3925225 b  | 50x50px  | 13.9±1.1  | 1.44±0.03  |  | 160  |  | 131  | 2015  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [89]
TYC 8998-760-1 | TYC 8998-760-1 b †  | 50x50px  | 14±3  |  |  | 160  |  | 309  | 2020  |  |  | imaging + coronagraph  | [90]
TYC 8998-760-1 c  | 6±1  |  |  | 320  |  | 2020  |  |  | [91]
NIRISS-NGC1333-10  | NIRISS-NGC1333-10 B  | 50px  | ~15  |  |  | 164  |  | 978  |  | 2024  | 2023  | direct imaging +slitless spectroscopy  | [92]
2MASS J16262785−2625152  | KOINTREAU-4b  | 50px  | 11.5+1.2
−1.6 or 15.3+0.7
−0.8 |  |  | 182±2 |  | 462.6±3.2 |  | 2026  | 2022  | Direct imaging  | [93]
AB Pictoris | AB Pictoris b†  | 50px  | 10±1 | 1.57 - 1.8  |  | 190  |  | 163.5 ± 0.1  | 2005  | 2005  | 2003  | Imaging+ coronagraph  | [94][95][96]
CFHTWIR-Oph 98  | CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b | 50px  | 7.8+0.7
−0.8 | 1.86±0.05  | ~22000  | 200±6  |  | 447  | 2021  |  |  | Direct imaging  |
CHXR 73 | CHXR 73 b  | 50px  | 12.6+8.4
−5.2 |  |  | 210  |  | 620 ± 20  |  | 2006  | 2005  | Direct imaging  | [97]
ROXs 12 | ROXs 12 b  | 50px  | 16±4  |  |  | 214  | 0.83  | 452  | 2013  |  |  | Direct imaging  |
2MASS J22362452+4751425  | 2M2236+4751 b†  | 50px  | 11-14  |  |  | 230  |  | 205  | 2017  |  |  | AO  | [98]
Mu2 Scorpii | Mu2 Scorpii b†l  |  | 14.4±0.8  |  |  | 242.4  | 0.56  | 474  | 2022  |  |  | Direct imaging  |
Ophiuchi 11  | Ophiuchi 11 b  | 50px  | 21 ± 3  |  | 20000  | 243 ± 55  |  | 430 ± 20  | 2006  | 2006  | 2005  | Direct imaging  | [99][100][101]
GSC 6214-00210  | GSC 6214-00210 b†  | 50x50px  | 17 ± 3  | 1.91 ± 0.07  |  | 320  |  | 355  | 2011  | 2008  | 2007  | NRM  | [102][103][104][101][105]
FW Tauri  | FW Tauri b†  | 50px  | 10±4

or star[106]

|  | ~12000[107] | 330  | ?  | 0472 472.93

[108]

| 2013  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [109][110]
DH Tauri | DH Tauri b†  | 50px  | 11 ± 3  | 2.7 ± 0.8  |  | 330  |  | 441 ± 4  | 2005  | 2004  | 1999  | Coronagraph, AO  | [111][112]
1RXS J1609 | 1RXS 1609 b†  | 50x50px  | 14+2
−3 | 1.7  | 6518  | 331.1  | 0.08  | 450 ± 1  | 2010  | 2008  | 2008  | Direct imaging  | [113][114][101]
WISPIT 1AB  | WISPIT 1b  | 50px  | 10.4+1.1
−0.8 |  |  | 338  |  | 746  | 2025  | 2025  | 2022  | Direct imaging  | [115]
WISPIT 1c  | 5.3+1.1
−0.6 |  |  | 840  |  | 746  | 2025  | 2025  | 2022  | Direct imaging  | [115]
ISO-Oph 96  | KOINTREAU-3b  | 50px  | 3.4±0.7 or 7.5+0.9
−1.0 |  |  | 342±4 |  | 449.3±5.0 |  | 2026  | 2022  | Direct imaging  | [93]
HIP 79098 AB | HIP 79098 AB b  |  | 20.5±4.5  |  |  | 345±6  |  | 500  | 2019  |  |  | Direct imaging  |
VHS 1256-1257 | VHS 1256 b †  | 50px  | 16 ± 1 /
12.0 ± 0.1  | 1.22 /
1.30  | 16000+7000
−10000 | 350+110
−150 | 0.68+0.11
−0.10 | 69.0 ± 0.7  | 2015  | 2015  | 2011  | Direct imaging  | [116][117]
HD 203030 | HD 203030 B | 50px  | 11+4
−3 | 1.27+0.06
−0.04 |  | 487  |  | 128.2 ± 0.3  | 2006  | 2006  | 2002  | SDI  | [118][119]
CT Chamaeleontis | CT Chamaeleontis b†  | 50px  | 17±6 | 2.20+0.81
−0.60 |  | 507  |  | 625 ± 3  | 2008  | 2007  | 2006  | Direct imaging  | [120]
b Centauri | b Centauri b | 50x50px  | 10.9±1.6  |  |  | 556  |  | 330  | 2021  |  |  | coronagraph+ classical angular differential imaging  | [121]
HD 106906 | HD 106906 b†  | 50px  | 11±2  |  |  | 650  |  | 0300 300

| 2013  |  |  | ADI  |
CVSO 30 | CVSO 30 c†  | 50px  | 4.7+5.5
−2.0 | 1.63+0.87
−0.34 | 27000  | 660  |  | 1140 ± 30  |  | 2016  | 2010  | Direct imaging  | [122]
USco CTIO 108 | USco CTIO 108 b  | 50px  | 16±2 |  |  | 670  |  | 473 ± 6  |  | 2007  | 2007  | Direct imaging  | [123][101]
XEST 17-036  | KOINTREAU-1b  | 50px  | 10.6+2.5
−2.3 |  |  | 690  |  | 519 ± 10  |  | 2025  | 2005  | Direct imaging  | [124]
2MASS J23225240-6151114  | 2MASS J23225299-6151275  | 50px  | 12.6-13.3[125] |  |  | 705  |  | 138.4  | 2014  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [126][127]
FU Tauri | FU Tauri b  | 50px  | 19 ± 4  | 3.2 ± 0.3  |  | 719  |  | 429 ± 8  | 2009  | 2008  | 2007  | Direct imaging  | [128][129]
2M1006(ABC)  | 2M1006(ABC) b  |  | 3–5  |  |  | 730 ± 10  |  | 444  |  | 2025  | 2018  | Direct imaging (candidate)  | [130]
HIP 78530 | HIP 78530 b  |  | 28 ± 10  | 1.83+0.16
−0.14 | 12000  | 740 ± 60  |  | 445.8+4.87
−4.77 | 2011  | 2010  | 2000/
2008  | Direct imaging  | [131][132]
HN Pegasi | HN Pegasi b  | 50px  | 22 ± 9.4  | 1.05+0.14
−0.06 |  | 795 ± 15.0  |  | 59.14 ± 0.04  | 2007  | 2006  | 2006  | Direct imaging  | [133]
SR 12  | SR 12(AB) c†  | 50x50px  | 11 ± 3  | 2.38+0.27
−0.32 |  | 980  |  | 370 ± 20  | 2011  | 2011  | 1998/
2002  | Direct imaging  | [134][105][2]
2MASS J05581644–4501559  | 2MASS J0558 B  | 50px  | 6–12  |  |  | 1043  |  | 87.93 ± 0.03  | 2024  | 2019  | 2010  | Direct imaging  | [135][136]
Ross 458 | Ross 458(AB) c†  | 50px  | 27 ± 4  | 1.45 ± 0.06  | 33081  | 1167.7  | 0.17  | 37.53 ± 0.05  | 2010  | 2010  | ≥2005/
2009  | Direct imaging  | [137][138][139]
BD+60 1417  | BD+60 1417b†  | 50px  | 13.47±5.67  | 1.31±0.06  |  | 1662  |  | 144±13  | 2021  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [140]
SE 70  | S Ori 68  | 50px  | 5  |  |  | 1700 ± 300  |  | 1290  |  | 2006  | 2001  | Direct imaging  | [141]
UPM J1040-3551 Aa/Ab  | CWISE J104053.42–355029.7 Ba/Bb  | 50px  | 11.5-34.6 &
9.4-28.3  |  |  | 1700  |  | 82.5  | 2024  | 2024  |  | Direct imaging  | [142][143][144]
2MASS J0249-0557AB  | 2MASS J0249-0557c†  | 50px  | 11.6+1.3
−1.0 |  |  | 1950  |  | 159  | 2018  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [3]
GU Piscium | GU Piscium b†  | 50px  | 11±2  |  | 163000  | 2000  |  | 0155 155

| 2014  |  |  | Direct imaging  |
LOri 167  | LOri 167B  | 50px  | 8+5
−1 |  |  | 2000  |  | 1300  |  | 2007  | 1999  | Direct imaging  | [145]
GSC 00568-01752  | SDSS J2249+0044AB  | 50px  | 12.5±0.2 (for single object)  |  |  | 2264 &
17 ± 5  |  | 146.7  | 2010 (motion)/
2024 (mass)  | 2010  | 2006  | Direct imaging  | [146][147][125]
WD 0806-661 | WD 0806-661 B†  | 50px  | 7–9  | 1.17 ± 0.07  |  | 2500  |  | 62.73 ± 0.02  | 2011  | 2011  | 2004  | Direct imaging  | [148][149][150]
USco1621 A  | USco1621 b  | 50px  | 16±2  |  |  | 2880 ±20  |  | 452  | 2019  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [151]
USco1556 A  | USco1556 b  | 50px  | 15±2  |  |  | 3500 ±40  |  | 461  | 2019  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [151]
L 34-26  | COCONUTS-2b†  | 50px  | 6.3+1.5
−1.9 | 1.1±0.03 | ~1100000  | 6471  |  | 35.51±0.01  | 2021  | 2011  |  | Direct imaging  | [152]
TYC 9486-927-1 | 2MASS J2126–8140 | 50px  | 13.3±1.7  |  | ~900000  | 6684  | ?  | 80.72±13.86  | 2016  |  |  | Direct imaging  | [153]
GJ 900  | CW2335+0142  | 50px  | 10.5  |  |  | 12000  |  | 68.00 ± 0.03  | 2024  | 2024  |  | Direct imaging
BD+29 5007 | 2MASS J2351+3010  | 50px  | 11.9+0.40
−0.20 |  |  | 22106  |  | 77.12 ± 0.03  | 2024  | 2016  | 2005  | Direct imaging  | [154][155][147][125][156]

## See also

* Lists of exoplanets
* List of largest exoplanets
* List of nearest exoplanets
* List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates
* List of potentially habitable exoplanets
* List of stars with resolved images

## Notes

1. ↑ Calculated, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the planet's effective temperature and luminosity, with respect to the solar nominal effective temperature of 5,772 K:(5,772275)4⋅10−7.2=0.1106 R⊙.

## References

1. ↑ Bowler, Brendan P. (2016-10-01). "Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 128 (968). doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/968/102001. ISSN 0004-6280. Bibcode: 2016PASP..128j2001B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PASP..128j2001B. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
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117. ↑ Dupuy, Trent J; Liu, Michael C; Evans, Elise L; Best, William M J; Pearce, Logan A; Sanghi, Aniket; Phillips, Mark W; BardalezGagliuffi, Daniella C (2022-12-30). "On the masses, age, and architecture of the VHS J1256−1257AB b system" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519 (2): 1688–1694. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3557. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2023MNRAS.519.1688D. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/519/2/1688/6880168.
118. ↑ Metchev, Stanimir A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2006-11-10). "HD 203030B: An Unusually Cool Young Substellar Companion near the L/T Transition" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 651 (2): 1166–1176. doi:10.1086/507836. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...651.1166M. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/507836.
119. ↑ Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Metchev, Stanimir; Luhman, Kevin L.; Marengo, Massimo; Hulsebus, Alan (2017). "The Prototypical Young L/T-Transition Dwarf HD 203030B Likely Has Planetary Mass". The Astronomical Journal 154 (6): 262. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9711. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..262M.
120. ↑ Schmidt, T. O. B.; Neuhäuser, R.; Seifahrt, A.; Vogt, N.; Bedalov, A.; Helling, Ch.; Witte, S.; Hauschildt, P. H. (November 2008). "Direct evidence of a sub-stellar companion around CT Chamaeleontis". Astronomy & Astrophysics 491 (1): 311–320. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078840. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2008A&A...491..311S. http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078840.
121. ↑ Janson, Markus; Gratton, Raffaele; Rodet, Laetitia; Vigan, Arthur; Bonnefoy, Mickaël; Delorme, Philippe; Mamajek, Eric E.; Reffert, Sabine et al. (2021-12-01). "A wide-orbit giant planet in the high-mass b Centauri binary system". Nature 600 (7888): 231–234. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04124-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34880428. Bibcode: 2021Natur.600..231J. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Natur.600..231J. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
122. ↑ Schmidt, T. O. B.; Neuhäuser, R.; Briceño, C.; Vogt, N.; Raetz, St.; Seifahrt, A.; Ginski, C.; Mugrauer, M. et al. (September 2016). "Direct Imaging discovery of a second planet candidate around the possibly transiting planet host CVSO 30". Astronomy & Astrophysics 593: A75. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526326. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2016A&A...593A..75S. http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526326.
123. ↑ Béjar, V. J. S.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Pérez-Garrido, A.; Álvarez, C.; Martín, E. L.; Rebolo, R.; Villó-Pérez, I.; Díaz-Sánchez, A. (2008-02-01). "Discovery of a Wide Companion near the Deuterium-burning Mass Limit in the Upper Scorpius Association" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 673 (2): L185–L189. doi:10.1086/527557. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...673L.185B. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/527557.
124. ↑ Samuel A. U., Walker (2026). "Keck Observations in the INfrared of Taurus and Oph Exoplanets And Ultracool dwarfs (KOINTREAU) I: A Planetary-Mass Companion and a Disk-Obscured Stellar Companion Discovered in Taurus". The Astronomical Journal 171 (2): 80. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae267f. Bibcode: 2026AJ....171...80W.
125. ↑ 125.0 125.1 125.2 Baig, Sayan (2024-08-13). "The Ultracool Dwarf Companion catalouge". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.13312178. https://zenodo.org/records/13312178. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
126. ↑ Gagné, Jonathan; Lafrenière, David; Doyon, René; Malo, Lison; Artigau, Étienne (2014-03-01). "BANYAN. II. Very Low Mass and Substellar Candidate Members to Nearby, Young Kinematic Groups with Previously Known Signs of Youth". The Astrophysical Journal 783 (2): 121. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/121. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...783..121G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...783..121G/abstract. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
127. ↑ Calissendorff, Per; Janson, Markus; Asensio-Torres, Rubén; Köhler, Rainer (2019-07-01). "Spectral characterization of newly detected young substellar binaries with SINFONI". Astronomy and Astrophysics 627: A167. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935319. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2019A&A...627A.167C. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019A&A...627A.167C;. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
128. ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Mamajek, E. E.; Allen, P. R.; Muench, A. A.; Finkbeiner, D. P. (2009-02-01). "Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf Born in Isolation". The Astrophysical Journal 691 (2): 1265–1275. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1265. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...691.1265L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1265.
129. ↑ Wu, Ya-Lin; Cheng, Yu-Chi; Huang, Li-Ching; Bowler, Brendan P.; Close, Laird M.; Tseng, Wei-Ling; Chen, Ning; Chen, Da-Wei (2023-10-01). "Monitoring Hα Emission from the Wide-orbit Brown-dwarf Companion FU Tau B". The Astronomical Journal 166 (4): 143. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acedb0. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2023AJ....166..143W.
130. ↑ Liu, Pengyu; Kenworthy, Matthew A.; Biller, Beth A.; Wallace, Alex; Stolker, Tomas; Haffert, Sebastiaan; Ginski, Christian; Mamajek, Eric E. et al. (July 2025). "A planetary-mass candidate imaged in the Young Suns Exoplanet Survey". Astronomy & Astrophysics 699: A78. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449582. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2025A&A...699A..78L. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449582.
131. ↑ Lafrenière, David; Jayawardhana, Ray; Janson, Markus; Helling, Christiane; Witte, Soeren; Hauschildt, Peter (2011-03-20). "DISCOVERY OF AN ∼23 M Jup BROWN DWARF ORBITING ∼700 AU FROM THE MASSIVE STAR HIP 78530 IN UPPER SCORPIUS". The Astrophysical Journal 730 (1): 42. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/42. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...730...42L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/42.
132. ↑ Petrus, S.; Bonnefoy, M.; Chauvin, G.; Babusiaux, C.; Delorme, P.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Florent, N.; Bayo, A. et al. (January 2020). "A new take on the low-mass brown dwarf companions on wide orbits in Upper-Scorpius". Astronomy & Astrophysics 633: A124. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935732. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...633A.124P. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935732.
133. ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Patten, B. M.; Marengo, M.; Schuster, M. T.; Hora, J. L.; Ellis, R. G.; Stauffer, J. R.; Sonnett, S. M. et al. (January 2007). "Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 654 (1): 570–579. doi:10.1086/509073. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...654..570L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/509073.
134. ↑ Kuzuhara, M.; Tamura, M.; Ishii, M.; Kudo, T.; Nishiyama, S.; Kandori, R. (2011-04-01). "The Widest-Separation Substellar Companion Candidate to a Binary T Tauri Star". The Astronomical Journal 141 (4): 119. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/4/119. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2011AJ....141..119K. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/141/4/119.
135. ↑ Marocco, Federico; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Popinchalk, Mark; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Burgasser, Adam J. et al. (2024-04-22). "Thirteen New M Dwarf + T Dwarf Pairs Identified with WISE/NEOWISE". The Astrophysical Journal 967 (2): 147. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3f1d. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...967..147M.
136. ↑ Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Marocco, Federico; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Wright, Edward L. et al. (2020-02-01). "Expanding the Y Dwarf Census with Spitzer Follow-up of the Coldest CatWISE Solar Neighborhood Discoveries". The Astrophysical Journal 889 (2): 74. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6215. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...889...74M.
137. ↑ Scholz, R.-D. (June 2010). "Hip 63510C, Hip 73786B, and nine new isolated high proper motion T dwarf candidates from UKIDSS DR6 and SDSS DR7". Astronomy and Astrophysics 515: A92. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014264. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2010A&A...515A..92S. http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014264.
138. ↑ Goldman, B.; Marsat, S.; Henning, T.; Clemens, C.; Greiner, J. (June 2010). "A new benchmark T8-9 brown dwarf and a couple of new mid-T dwarfs from the UKIDSS DR5+ LAS★: A new benchmark T8-9 brown dwarf" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 405 (2): 1140. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16524.x. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.405.1140G.
139. ↑ Gaarn, Josefine; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K; Visscher, Channon; Marley, Mark S; Gonzales, Eileen C; Calamari, Emily; BardalezGagliuffi, Daniella et al. (2023-03-31). "The puzzle of the formation of T8 dwarf Ross 458c" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 521 (4): 5761–5775. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad753. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2023MNRAS.521.5761G. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/521/4/5761/7078574.
140. ↑ Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagné, Jonathan; Popinchalk, Mark; Vos, Johanna M.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schümann, Jörg; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy et al. (2021-12-01). "A Wide Planetary Mass Companion Discovered through the Citizen Science Project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9". The Astrophysical Journal 923 (1): 48. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2499. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...923...48F.
141. ↑ Caballero, J. A.; Martín, E. L.; Dobbie, P. D.; Barrado Y Navascués, D. (2006-12-01). "Are isolated planetary-mass objects really isolated?. A brown dwarf-exoplanet system candidate in the σ Orionis cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics 460 (2): 635–640. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066162. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2006A&A...460..635C. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A&A...460..635C.
142. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `:5`
143. ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (5 Nov 2024). "Redshifting the Study of Cold Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets: the Mid-Infrared Wavelength Region as an Indicator of Surface Gravity and Mass". The Astrophysical Journal 979 (2): 145. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8fa6. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..145L.
144. ↑ Zhang, Z H; Navarete, F; Gálvez-Ortiz, M C; Jones, H R A; Burgasser, A J; Cruz, P; Marocco, F; Lodieu, N et al. (2025-06-02). "Benchmark brown dwarfs – I. A blue M2 + T5 wide binary and a probable young M4 + [T7 + T8] hierarchical triple" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 542 (2). doi:10.1093/mnras/staf895. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2025MNRAS.542..656Z.
145. ↑ Barrado Y Navascués, D.; Bayo, A.; Morales-Calderón, M.; Huélamo, N.; Stauffer, J. R.; Bouy, H. (2007-06-01). "The young, wide and very low mass visual binary Lambda Orionis 167". Astronomy and Astrophysics 468 (1): L5–L8. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077258. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2007A&A...468L...5B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A&A...468L...5B;. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
146. ↑ Allers, K. N.; Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Cushing, Michael C. (2010-05-01). "Discovery of A Young L Dwarf Binary, SDSS J224953.47+004404.6AB". The Astrophysical Journal 715 (1): 561–571. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...715..561A. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJ...715..561A. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 Baig, Sayan; Smart, R. L.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Pinfield, D. J.; Cheng, Gemma; Moranta, Leslie (2024-08-13). "The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- V: The Ultracool Dwarf Companion catalogue". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 533 (4): 3784–3810. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2005. Bibcode: 2024MNRAS.533.3784B.
148. ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Burgasser, A. J.; Bochanski, J. J. (2011-03-20). "Discovery of a Candidate for the Coolest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal 730 (1): L9. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L9. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...730L...9L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/730/1/L9.
149. ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Esplin, T. L.; Luhman, K. L.; Morley, Caroline V. (2017-06-20). "The Y-type Brown Dwarfs: Estimates of Mass and Age from New Astrometry, Homogenized Photometry, and Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal 842 (2): 118. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6fb5. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...842..118L.
150. ↑ Voyer, Maël; Changeat, Quentin; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Tremblin, Pascal; Waters, Rens; Güdel, Manuel; Henning, Thomas; Absil, Olivier et al. (2025-04-01). "MIRI-LRS Spectrum of a Cold Exoplanet around a White Dwarf: Water, Ammonia, and Methane Measurements". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 982 (2): L38. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adbd46. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...982L..38V.
151. ↑ 151.0 151.1 Chinchilla, Patricia; Béjar, Víctor J. S.; Lodieu, Nicolas; Gauza, Bartosz; Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa; Rebolo, Rafael; Garrido, Antonio Pérez; Alvarez, Carlos et al. (2020-01-01). "USco1621 B and USco1556 B: Two wide companions at the deuterium-burning mass limit in Upper Scorpius". Astronomy and Astrophysics 633: A152. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936130. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2020A&A...633A.152C. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020A&A...633A.152C;/abstract. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
152. ↑ Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Claytor, Zachary R.; Best, William M. J.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Siverd, Robert J. (2021-08-01). "The Second Discovery from the COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS) Program: A Cold Wide-Orbit Exoplanet around a Young Field M Dwarf at 10.9 pc". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 916 (2): L11. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1123. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...916L..11Z.
153. ↑ Deacon, N. R.; Schlieder, J. E.; Murphy, S. J. (2016-02-23). "A nearby young M dwarf with a wide, possibly planetary-mass companion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 457 (3): 3191–3199. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw172. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2016MNRAS.457.3191D.
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155. ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kellogg, Kendra; Schneider, Adam C.; Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio; Cushing, Michael C.; Greco, Jennifer; Mace, Gregory N.; Gelino, Christopher R. et al. (2016-06-01). "The AllWISE Motion Survey, Part 2". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 224 (2): 36. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/2/36. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2016ApJS..224...36K.
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## External links

* "Candidates detected by imaging". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 1995. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
* "Exoplanets Data Explorer". http://exoplanets.org/table/.
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