List of cardiology mnemonics

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This is a list of cardiology mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialities, see this list of medical mnemonics.

## Contents

* 1 Aortic regurgitation: causes
* 2 Aortic stenosis characteristics
* 3 Aortic to right Subclavian path
* 4 Heart valves (right to left)
* 5 Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable
* 6 Atrial Arrhythmias
* 7 Atrial Fibrillation causes
* 8 Atrial fibrillation management
* 9 Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)
* 10 Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers
* 11 CHF Treatment
* 12 CHF: causes of exacerbation
* 13 Complications of Myocardial Infarction
* 14 Coronary artery bypass graft: indications
* 15 ECG: left vs. right bundle block
* 16 Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications
* 17 Endocarditis
* 18 Heart valve sequence
* 19 Heart blocks
* 20 Infarctions
* 21 JVP: wave form
* 22 MI: basic management
* 23 MI: signs and symptoms
* 24 MI: therapeutic treatment
* 25 MI: treatment of acute MI
* 26 Murmur attributes
* 27 Murmurs: innocent murmur features
* 28 Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration
* 29 Murmurs: questions to ask
* 30 Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic
* 31 Pericarditis: causes
* 32 Pericarditis: EKG
* 33 Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria
* 34 Pulseless electrical activity: causes
* 35 ST elevation causes in ECG
* 36 Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment
* 37 Ventricular tachycardia: treatment
* 38 White Blood Cell Count
* 39 References

## Aortic regurgitation: causes

CREAM:

Congenital

Rheumatic damage

Endocarditis

Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation

Marfan’s

## Aortic stenosis characteristics

SAD:[1]p. 29

Syncope

Angina

Dyspnoea

## Aortic to right Subclavian path

ABC'S[1]p. 1

Aortic arch gives rise to:

Brachiocephalic trunk

Left Common Carotid

Left Subclavian

## Heart valves (right to left)

Toilet Paper My Ass, or They Pay Me Alcohol, or "T"hugs "P"ush "Me" "A"round. [2]

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Aortic semilunar valve

## Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable

HILT:[1]p. 29

Heaving

Impalpable

Laterally displaced

Thrusting/ Tapping

If it's impalpable, causes are COPD:[1]p. 29

COPD

Obesity

Pleural, Pericardial effusion

Dextrocardia

## Atrial Arrhythmias

Anticoagulants: To prevent embolization.

Beta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate.

Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).

Digoxin: Helps slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).

Electrocardioversion: A procedure in which electric currents are used to reset the heart's rhythm back to regular pattern.[3]

## Atrial Fibrillation causes

Pirates:[1]p. 3

Pulmonary: PE, COPD

Iatrogenic

Rheumatic heart: mitral regurgitation

Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD

Thyroid: hyperthyroid

Endocarditis

Sick sinus syndrome

## Atrial fibrillation management

ABCD:[1]p. 30

Anti-coagulate

Beta-block to control rate

Cardiovert

Digoxin

## Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)

3 D's:[1]p. 30

Diminished heart sounds

Distended jugular veins

Decreased arterial pressure

## Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers

Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium:[1]p. 30

Betaxolol

Acebutelol

Esmolol

Atenolol

Metoprolol

## CHF Treatment

LMNOP

Lasix

Morphine

Nitrites

Oxygen

VassoPressors[4]

## CHF: causes of exacerbation

FAILURE[1]p. 30

Forgot medication

Arrhythmia/ Anaemia

Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection

Lifestyle: taken too much salt

Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism

Renal failure

Embolism: pulmonary

## Complications of Myocardial Infarction

Darth Vader

Death

Arrythmia

Rupture(free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles)

Tamponade

Heart failure (acute or chronic)

Valve disease

Aneurysm of Ventricles

Dressler's Syndrome

thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus)

Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation[5]

## Coronary artery bypass graft: indications

DUST:[1]p. 31

Depressed ventricular function

Unstable angina

Stenosis of the left main stem

Triple vessel disease

## ECG: left vs. right bundle block

WiLLiaM MaRRoW:[1]p. 31

W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block.

M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block.

## Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications

RAMP:[1]p. 31

Recent MI

Aortic stenosis

MI in the last 7 days

Pulmonary hypertension

## Endocarditis

FROM JANE:

Fever

Roth's spots

Osler's nodes

Murmur of heart

Janeway lesions

Anemia

* Nail hemorrhage

Emboli

## Heart valve sequence

Try Puling My Aorta:[1]p. 3

Tricuspid

Pulmonary

Mitral (bicuspid)

Aorta

## Heart blocks

If the R is far from P, then you have a First Degree.

Longer, longer, longer, drop! Then you have a Wenkebach.

if some P's don't get through, then you have Mobitz II.

If P's and Q's don't agree, then you have a Third Degree.[6]

## Infarctions

INFARCTIONS[1]p. 34

IV access

Narcotic analgesics (e.g. morphine, pethidine)

Facilities for defibrillation (DF)

Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin)

Rest

Converting enzyme inhibitor

Thrombolysis

IV beta blocker

Oxygen 60%

Nitrates

Stool Softeners

## JVP: wave form

ASK ME[1]p. 32

Atrial contraction

Systole (ventricular contraction)

Klosure (closure) of tricuspid valve, so atrial filling

Maximal atrial filling

Emptying of atrium

## MI: basic management

BOOMAR:[1]p. 32

Bed rest

Oxygen

Opiate

Monitor

Anticoagulate

Reduce clot size

## MI: signs and symptoms

PULSE:[1]p. 32

Persistent chest pains

Upset stomach

Lightheadedness

Shortness of breath

Excessive sweating

## MI: therapeutic treatment

O BATMAN![1]p. 32

Oxygen

Beta blocker

ASA

Thrombolytics (e.g. heparin)

Morphine

Ace prn

Nitroglycerin

## MI: treatment of acute MI

COAG:[1]p. 32

Cyclomorph

Oxygen

Aspirin

Glycerol trinitrate

## Murmur attributes

"IL PQRST" (person has ill PQRST heart waves):[1]p. 32

Intensity

Loccasion

Pitch

Quality

Radiation

Shape

Timing

## Murmurs: innocent murmur features

8 S's:[1]p. 32

Soft

Systolic

Short

Sounds (S1 & S2) normal

Symptomless

Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG)

Standing/ Sitting (vary with position)

Sternal depression

## Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration

LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration

RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration.[1]p. 32

## Murmurs: questions to ask

SCRIPT:[1]p. 32

Site

Character (e.g. harsh, soft, blowing)

Radiation

Intensity

Pitch

Timing

## Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic

PASS:Pulmonic & Aortic

Stenosis=Systolic.

PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic

Insufficiency=Diastolic.[1]p. 32

## Pericarditis: causes

CARDIAC RIND:[1]p. 34

Collagen vascular disease

Aortic aneurysm

Radiation

Drugs (such as hydralazine)

Infections

Acute renal failure

Cardiac infarction

Rheumatic fever

Injury

Neoplasms

Dressler's syndrome

## Pericarditis: EKG

PericarditiS:[1]p. 34

PR depression in precordial leads.

ST elevation.

## Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria

SICVD:[1]p. 34

Symmetry of leg musculature

Integrity of skin

Color of toenails

Varicose veins

Distribution of hair

## Pulseless electrical activity: causes

PATCH MED:[1]p. 34

Pulmonary embolus

Acidosis

Tension pneumothorax

Cardiac tamponade

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia

Myocardial infarction

Electrolyte derangements

Drugs

## ST elevation causes in ECG

ELEVATION:[1]p. 34

Electrolytes

LBBB

Early repolarization

Ventricular hypertrophy

Aneurysm

Treatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis)

Injury (AMI, contusion)

Osborne waves (hypothermia)

Non-occlusive vasospasm

## Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment

ABCDE:[1]p. 35

Adenosine

Beta-blocker

Calcium channel antagonist

Digoxin

Excitation (vagal stimulation)

## Ventricular tachycardia: treatment

LAMB:[1]p. 35

Lidocaine

Amiodarone

Mexiltene/ Magnesium

Beta-blocker

## White Blood Cell Count

Never let monkeys eat bananas:

Neutrophils

lymphocytes

monocytes

eosinophils

basophils[7]

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 "Anatomy". medicalmnemonics.com. http://www.medicalmnemonics.com/pdf/2002_09_full_abr_a4.pdf. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
2. ↑ Mega List of Mnemonics for Nurses & Nursing Students. Examville Study Guides. 2010.
3. ↑ Pharmacology nursing mnemonics
4. ↑ Myers, Jeffrey W.; Neighbors, Marianne; Tannehill-Jones, Ruth (2002). Principles of Pathophysiology and Emergency Medical Care. Cengage Learning. p. 144. ISBN 9780766825482. https://books.google.com/books?id=GgDdMkAZNPkC&q=lmnop+chf+treatment&pg=PA144.
5. ↑ "Cardiovascular Mnemonics - Oxford Medical Education". http://www.oxfordmedicaleducation.com/medical-mnemonics/cardiovascular-mnemonics/. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
6. ↑ "The Heart Block Poem". tumblr.com. http://nurseslabs.tumblr.com/post/91133209935/the-heart-block-poem-if-you-liked-this-check-out.
7. ↑ Connie Allen; Valerie Harper (5 January 2011). Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 418–. ISBN 978-0-470-59890-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=b_i-l7rrESMC&pg=PA418.

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Medical mnemonics (list)

* ABC
* AEIOU-TIPS
* APGAR
* ASHICE
* CASMEET
* DCAP-BTLS
* FAST
* Hs and Ts
* IS PATH WARM?
* MARCHE
* OPQRST
* RICE
* RNCHAMPS
* RPM-30-2-Can Do
* SAD PERSONS
* SAMPLE
* SBAR
* SOAP
* SOCRATES

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