Elaeodendron australe

Short description: Species of flowering plant

Red olive-berry

Leaves and female flowers in Coffs Harbour Botanic Garden
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Order:  | Celastrales
Family:  | Celastraceae
Genus:  | Elaeodendron
Species:  |

E. australe

Binomial name
Elaeodendron australe

Vent.[1]

Synonyms[1]

* Cassine australis (Vent.) Kuntze
* Portenschlagia australis (Vent.) Tratt.

In Yatteyattah Nature ReserveHabit in Coffs Harbour Botanic Garden

Elaeodendron australe, commonly known as red olive-berry, red-fruited olive plum, or blush boxwood,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with egg-shaped to oblong leaves with a wavy margin, yellowish green male and female flowers on separate plants and fleshy orange-red fruit.

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Taxonomy
* 3 Distribution and habitat
* 4 Use in horticulture
* 5 References

## Description

Elaeodendron australe is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 8 m (26 ft) and has separate male and female plants. The leaves are mostly arranged in opposite pairs and are egg-shaped to elliptic or oblong with a wavy edge, 27–150 mm (1.1–5.9 in) long and 4–70 mm (0.16–2.76 in) wide on a petiole 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long. Elaeodendron australe is dioecious; that is, male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. The flowers are arranged in cymes in leaf axils, on a peduncle up to 12 mm (0.47 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) long. The four petals are yellowish-green, about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. Male flowers have four stamens and female flowers have four staminodes. Flowering occurs in spring and summer and the fruit is a fleshy, oblong to oval, orange-red drupe 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long. The fruit is ripe from March to July and often persists on the tree for many months.[2][3][4][5]

## Taxonomy

Elaeodendron australe was first formally described in 1805 by Étienne Pierre Ventenat in his book Jardin de la Malmaison.[6][7]

In 1825, de Candolle described two varieties in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

* Elaeodendron australe Vent. var. australe[8] that has leaves less than four times as long as broad, and mostly more than 15 mm (0.59 in) wide;[3]
* Elaeodendron australe var. integrifolium (Tratt.) DC. (previously known as Portenschlagia integrifolia)[9][10] that has leaves more than four times as long as broad, and less than 15 mm (0.59 in) wide.[3]

## Distribution and habitat

Red olive-berry grows in eucalypt and rainforest ecotone areas, and in littoral or dry rainforest. It is found in north-eastern and central eastern Queensland and as far south as Tuross Head in New South Wales. An unusual thick-leaved form occurs in Mount Kaputar National Park and nearby western slopes and dry tableland gorges.[2][3][5]

## Use in horticulture

Seed germination is very slow, but reliable with around a 25% success rate after twelve months.[5]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Elaeodendron australe". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/69656. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Elaeodendron australe var. australe". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. 2020. https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Elaeodendron_australe_var._australe.htm.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Conn, Barry J.. "Elaeodendron australe". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Elaeodendron~australe. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
4. ↑ Jessup, Laurence W.. "Cassine australis (Vent.) Kuntze". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Cassine australis. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Floyd, Alexander G. (1989). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia. Victoria: Inkata Press. p. 88. ISBN 0909605572.
6. ↑ "Elaeodendron australe". APNI. https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/479631. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
7. ↑ Ventenat, Étienne Pierre (1805). Jardin de la Malmaison. Paris: De l'imprimerie de Crapelet, et se trouve chez l'auteur. p. 117. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/141244#page/233/mode/1up. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
8. ↑ "Elaeodendron australe var. australe". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/69678. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
9. ↑ "Portenschlagia integrifolia". APNI. https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/458559. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
10. ↑ "Elaeodendron australe var. integrifolium". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/69689. Retrieved 14 September 2020.

Wikidata ☰ Q5353115 entry

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