Bible translations into Geʽez

Short description: One of the world's oldest Bible translations

Two pages from the Garima Gospels

Genesis in Geʽez

Bible translations into Geʽez, an ancient South Semitic language of the Ethiopian branch, date back to the 6th century at least, making them one of the world's oldest Bible translations.[1][2]

Translations of the Bible in Ge'ez, in a predecessor of the Ge'ez script which did not possess vowels, were created between the 5th and 7th century,[2] soon after the Christianization of Ethiopia in the 4th century.[3] The milestones of the modern editions were the Roman edition of the New Testament in 1548 edited by Tasfa Seyon, which is the editio princeps,[4] and the critical edition of the New Testament by Thomas P. Platt in 1830 (his edition of the Geʽez four Gospels was first published in 1826[4]).[5]

The Garima Gospels are the oldest translation of the Bible in Ge'ez and the world's earliest complete illustrated Christian manuscript.[6] Monastic tradition holds that they were composed close to the year 500,[7] a date supported by recent radiocarbon analysis; samples from Garima 2 proposed a date of c. 390–570, while counterpart dating of samples from Garima 1 proposed a date of c. 530–660.[8]

The Garima Gospels is also thought to be the oldest surviving Geʽez manuscript.[9][10]

Ge'ez Bible manuscripts existed until at least the late 17th century.[11]

In 2009, the Ethiopian Catholic Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church associated themselves with the Bible Society of Ethiopia to produce a printed version of the Bible in Ge'ez. The New Testament was released in 2017.[1]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "A New Translation for one of the World's Oldest Scriptures" (in en-GB). 2017-12-08. https://scottishbiblesociety.org/2017/12/geez-new-testament-ethiopia-new-translation-one-worlds-oldest-scriptures/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Geʿez language" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/topic/Geez-language.
3. ↑ "African Christianity in Ethiopia". https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acet/hd_acet.htm.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zuurmond, Rochus (2013). "Chapter Nine - Ethiopic version of the New Testament". in Ehrman, Bart D. (in en). The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis.. New Testament Tools, Studies and Documents, volume 42 (2nd ed.). BRILL. pp. 249. doi:10.1163/9789004236554. ISBN 978-90-04-23604-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=guYq9rohFQ8C&q=Testamentum+Novum+1548+tasfa&pg=PA249.
5. ↑ "Information and Notes". https://www.tau.ac.il/~hacohen/NT/Information.html.
6. ↑ "Ethiopian Bible is the oldest and complete bible on earth.". 31 August 2016. http://www.ancient-origine.com/ethiopian-bible-oldest-complete-bible-earth/.
7. ↑ Taylor, Jerome (6 July 2010). "Unearthed, the ancient texts that tell story of Christianity". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/unearthed-the-ancient-texts-that-tell-story-of-christianity-2019188.html.
8. ↑ Bausi, Alessandro (5 November 2013). "Ethiopia and the Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity: The Garimā Gospels in Context" (Summary of conference proceedings). Ethiopian Heritage Fund. p. 2. http://www.ethiopianheritagefund.org/document-page-2.
9. ↑ Bailey, Martin (2010-07-14). "Discovery of earliest illustrated manuscript". Theartnewspaper.com. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2010/07/discovery-of-earliest-illuminated.html.
10. ↑ "The Arts Newspaper June 2010 – Abuna Garima Gospels". Ethiopianheritagefund.org. http://ethiopianheritagefund.org/artsNewspaper.html.
11. ↑ "Ethiopic Bible". https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ethiopic-bible.

## Further reading

* Piovanelli, Pierluigi. "Aksum and the Bible: Old Assumptions and New Perspectives." Aethiopica 21 (2018): 7-27. Open access
* Mikre-Sellassie, G.A. (2000-07-01). "The Early Translation of the Bible into Ethiopic/Geez" (in en). The Bible Translator 51 (3): 302–316. doi:10.1177/026009350005100302. ISSN 2051-6770.
* Bausi, Alessandro (1999). "Un nuovo studio sulla versione etiopica della Bibbia" (in it). Rassegna di Studi Etiopici XLIII: 5–19. https://www.academia.edu/1613058.
* Hannah, Darrell. "The Vorlage of the Ethiopic Version of the Epistula Apostolorum: Greek or Arabic?." Beyond Canon: Early Christianity and the Ethiopic Textual Tradition (2020): 97ff.
* LEFEVRE, RENATO (1969). "Documenti e Notizie Su Tasfā Ṣeyon e la Sua Attività Romana Nel Sec. Xvi" (in it). Rassegna di Studi Etiopici 24: 74–133. ISSN 0390-0096.
* Knibb, Michael A. 2000. Translating the Bible: The Ethiopic Version of the Old Testament, by Michael A. Knibb. The Schweich Lectures for 1995. New York: Oxford University Press for the British Academy.
* Zuurmond, Rochus. "The Ethiopic Version of the New Testament." The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis (1995): 142–56.

## External links

* (in en) Testamentum Nouum cum epistola Pauli ad Hebreos tantum, cum concordantijs euangelistarum Eusebij & numeratione omnium verborum eorundem. Missale cum benedictione incensi ceræ ... Chaldea, quæ omnia frater Petrus Ethyops ... imprimi curauit. National Central Library of Rome. 1548. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_KPNa9Mc5gjYC.
* Platt, Thomas Pell, ed (1830) (in de). Novum Testamentum Domini Nostri et Servatoris Jesu Christi aethiopice. University of Michigan. Impressit R. Watts. https://archive.org/details/novumtestamentu00platgoog.

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