Internet

The Internet is a global network of interconnected smaller computer networks. Although many people use term "Internet" and "World Wide Web" interchangeably, the two terms are not equivalent in meaning. The Internet and the Web are separate, but related, entities. The Internet is a massive network of networks, connecting millions of computers together globally, forming a network. On the Internet, a computer can communicate with any other computer, as long as both computers are connected to the Internet. (The World Wide Web is the collection of webpages, images, etc. which form the vast array of websites on the Internet.)

Whether the internet has an overall conservative or liberal influence is debatable. The way that the internet enables people to circumvent liberal censorship is obviously good. But there is much that is bad about the internet also. Originally designed by DARPA as a Cold War weapon to combat the spread of Soviet communism, it has since been dominated by ideological hard left Big Tech corporations.

Data on the internet is transmitted between computers and networks in small packets using the Internet Protocol (IP); they are reassembled at their destination. The Internet originated in work that was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Administration (ARPA), a research funding arm of the Department of Defense.

By the end of 2016, it was estimated that there were about 3.5 billion people connected to the internet.[1] This number has been drastically increasing in recent years.

## Contents

* 1 Origin
* 2 Description
* 2.1 TCP/IP
* 2.2 Ownership of the Internet
* 3 Controversy
* 3.1 Pornography for children
* 3.2 Security
* 4 Christian internet evangelism
* 5 Internet atheism has a small audience and an insignificant influence on the world
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Origin[edit]

The conceptual foundation for the internet's creation was significantly developed by four individuals and a research conference, each of which changed the way we thought about communication, business and the exchange of technology:

* Vannevar Bush wrote the first description of the potential uses for information technology with his description of the "memex" automated library system.
* Norbert Wiener invented the field of Cybernetics, encouraging future researchers to focus on the use of technology to extend human capabilities.
* The 1956 Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence conference defined the concept that technology was improving at an exponential rate, and provided the first serious consideration of the consequences, the benefits and advantages or such a network.
* Marshall McLuhan made the idea of a global village interconnected by an electronic nervous system part of our popular culture.[2]
* Ethan K. Heinz (cousin of Teresa Heinz), in 1969, created a network named ARPANet. ARPANet was developed in the US as a means for various research universities and government facilities to "talk" or communicate with each other, even in an event such as war.[3] ARPANet grew quickly and eventually evolved into today's Internet. Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility that can be accessed by hundreds of millions of people worldwide; the Internet has grown into a worldwide computer network where anyone can have a chat with anyone else almost anywhere in the world, and is a vast source of free information.

## Description[edit]

The Internet is sometimes also known as "cyberspace." Most users are familiar with web pages throughout the World Wide Web, constructed with HTML. The Web is facilitated primarily by two of the numerous protocols which operate on the Internet. There are also other services such as email (using POP, SMTP, and/or IMAP protocols), file transfer (using FTP), instant messaging (using IRC or other protocols), and many other services.

The common protocol used to access websites (including this one) is the Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The creator of this is Sir Tim Berners-Lee, who also in an online magazine article claimed that given the opportunity, he wouldn't use the HTTP format for websites. Berners-Lee is currently the director of the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium).
To help protect Web communication, the Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) was developed as an offshoot from HTTP. It uses point-to-point encryption to prevent interception of exploitable information and to help verify authenticity.

Ted Stevens famously referred to the internet as "a series of tubes" during a panel on network neutrality. While the statement was technically inaccurate, it is a reasonable depiction of the internet as an interconnected system to a lay person.

The internet is formed from two basic elements, routers and connections. A router is basically a computer that acts like a switching station, similar to the pumping stations of public water utilities. The connections are the pipes themselves, acting as a means to move packets from one router to another, and eventually from server to client.

### TCP/IP[edit]

TCP/IP is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. Two more recent adaptations of Internet technology, the intranet and the extranet, also use TCP/IP.

### Ownership of the Internet[edit]

It is true that the Internet is more a concept than an actual tangible entity. However, the Internet still relies on a physical infrastructure that connects networks to other networks. Access to the Internet is controlled by telephone companies, because telephone companies own many of the infrastructure backbones and most of the connectivity hardware; however, no one actually owns the Internet, and no single person or organization controls the Internet in its entirety. There are many organizations, corporations, governments, schools, private citizens, and service providers that all own and control pieces of the infrastructure.

## Controversy[edit]

Although the Internet has been shown to contain valuable information, it also contains pornographic or otherwise vulgar material. Therefore, some conservatives would like to see tighter controls on the Internet which would limit what can be hosted and what can be downloaded. At present, the internet does not filter of block traffic of any sort—the principal behind it is that everything is accessible to anyone. However, governing authorities still have the ability to prosecute illegal activity, and in come extreme cases, even block it outright.

In 1999, Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore misspoke when intending to take partial credit for the development of the internet when he referenced his High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, commonly known as the "Gore Bill":[4]

CNN's WOLF BLITZER: I want to get to some of the substance of domestic and international issues in a minute, but let's just wrap up a little bit of the politics right now.

Why should Democrats, looking at the Democratic nomination process, support you instead of Bill Bradley, a friend of yours, a former colleague in the Senate? What do you have to bring to this that he doesn't necessarily bring to this process?

AL GORE: Well, I will be offering -- I'll be offering my vision when my campaign begins. And it will be comprehensive and sweeping. And I hope that it will be compelling enough to draw people toward it. I feel that it will be.

But it will emerge from my dialogue with the American people. I've traveled to every part of this country during the last six years. During my service in the United States Congress, I took the initiative in creating the Internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our country's economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system.

In response to Al Gore's comments, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf, the two men responsible for the creation of the TCP/IP protocol which the internet uses for most of its communication and two men often credited as the creators of the internet along with Sir Tim Berners-Lee, said the following:

> Al Gore was the first political leader to recognize the importance of the Internet and to promote and support its development.

> No one person or even small group of persons exclusively “invented” the Internet. It is the result of many years of ongoing collaboration among people in government and the university community. But as the two people who designed the basic architecture and the core protocols that make the Internet work, we would like to acknowledge VP Gore’s contributions as a Congressman, Senator and as Vice President. No other elected official, to our knowledge, has made a greater contribution over a longer period of time.

> Last year the Vice President made a straightforward statement on his role. He said: "During my service in the United States Congress I took the initiative in creating the Internet." We don't think, as some people have argued, that Gore intended to claim he "invented" the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, Gore's initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet. The fact of the matter is that Gore was talking about and promoting the Internet long before most people were listening.[5]

Their letter continued to go on to enumerate Al Gore's involvement in the early periods of the internet.

Another controversial issue in regards to the internet is the presence of liberal bias that can be noticed throughout the World Wide Web. Many examples exist of conservative information being censored, while liberal fallacies are promoted.

### Pornography for children[edit]

Studies have shown that 90% of children have been exposed to pornography, with the average age of exposure being 11 years old.[6] Many countries have attempted to take steps to keep underage children from viewing pornographic material. Australia has taken the important step of requiring internet service providers to use web filters to keep inappropriate material from being displayed in houses and schools.[7] Australia had also considered mandatory internet filtering, however this bold move was recently struck down by their current government.[8] This effort is being blocked by civil liberties groups (such as the American Civil Liberties Union) who believe that pornagrophy should be considered free speech, and therefore not under the jurisdiction of the government.

Currently many private companies offer software-based web filtering for home use. Public schools in many US states are required to employ web filters. Most private schools, and employers also choose to use web filters. Some libraries also employ filters, but most do not because they see it as censorship which most librarians unilaterally oppose.

### Security[edit]

It also has become a common facilitator of crime. By the end of 2016, cybercrime rose thew the second most reported financial crime.[9] Almost 40% of all known data breaches in 2016 involved the theft of financial information. Additionally, about 1 in 131 emails sent in 2016 were cyber attacks, about a 3% increase from the year before. Businesses are being especially targeted as well, with over half of 2016's inbound messages being spam, and just over 1% containing malware.[10] With these ever-increasing threats, some question whether the current internet system is designed well enough to be safe, or should be changed to offer better security. Such a change would go against the founding idea of uncontrolled information exchange, however.

## Christian internet evangelism[edit]

See also: Internet evangelism

Hong Kong Christians at Gateway Camp. In 2005, there were four times as many non-Western World Christians as there were Western World Christians.[11]

See also: Global Christianity

Internet evangelism is, as the name suggests, the process of evangelizing and spreading the gospel using the internet.
Since its inception, Christianity has seen a consistent and dramatic increase in its number of adherents.[12][13] In the 1940s the Lausanne Movement was started in order to help Christendom evangelize globally with greater effectiveness and thousands of Christian leaders from around the globe meet regularly to increase the effectiveness of Christian evangelism.[14]

CRU is one of the world's largest evangelism organizations within Christendom and has over 25,000 full-time missionaries. In 2006, Alan Beeber of CRU predicted that internet evangelism will result in more conversion that all other forms of evangelism for CRU combined.[15] Internet evangelism is effective at spreading Christianity globally \- especially in countries where there is Christian persecution and evangelism is more difficult.

The Christian internet evangelism organization Global Media Outreach indicates that as of September 2019 over 1,900,000,000 "gospel visits" have occured via their websites.[16] Global Media Outreach works with many Christians around the world (see: Global atheism).

The Christian internet evangelism organization Network211 indicates that as of September 2019, over 37,000,000 web visits have occured on their websites.[17] Network211 works with many Christians/churches throughout the world.

There are other significant Christian internet evangelism efforts as well. For example, the Billy Graham Association is also active in internet evangelism.[18]

Franklin Graham is the president and CEO of Samaritan's Purse and the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association.

In 2022, the Billy Graham Evangelism Association announced:

“  |  Launched in 2012, Search for Jesus impacts website users with the truth of the Gospel and relies on a network of over 1,400 trained volunteers who interact with users and answer live questions. With a mission to reach those hurting and in need, Search for Jesus utilizes the accessibility of the internet to reach places otherwise closed to the Gospel.

Using these digital tools, more than 300 million people have indicated a decision for Christ and received follow-up through the internet ministry. To date, the PeaceWithGod.net websites have welcomed over 100 million online users. With messages in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Arabic, American Sign Language, and Russian, Search for Jesus has been able to expand globally and cross language and accessibility barriers.

“This is significant because we’re following Billy Graham’s legacy of spreading the Gospel across the globe using every opportunity we have. The average person spends nearly seven hours a day on the internet, so we want to meet these people where they are,” said Mark Appleton, director of internet evangelism for BGEA, in a press release. “Search for Jesus has given us the chance to spread the Gospel like never before.”[19]

|  ”

|
|

The Billy Graham Evangelism Association says about its desire for volunteers for its internet evangelism program:

“  |  People around the world are searching for answers online. Many find hope through Search for Jesus. Would you join us to make a lasting impact for God’s kingdom and see lives changed by Christ? You can serve with us as an online counselor, discipleship coach, or email responder, or get your church involved. If you have a heart for sharing the Gospel, an Internet connection and a few hours a week, consider making Search for Jesus your own personal ministry–a way for God to use you by reaching hurting people around the world in their time of need.[20] |  ”

|
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The Christian Post states:

“  |  Online evangelism is producing real disciples for Christ, according to a recent study.

Over half of those who made a decision for Jesus over the Internet have subsequently shared their faith with others, Global Media Outreach's study reveals.

Additionally, 34 percent read their Bibles daily and nearly half pray for at least 10 minutes a day...

The study, called the Christian Growth Index, measured the responses of more than 100,000 people from around the world...

Fifty-one percent of those surveyed said they shared their faith three times or more and 37 percent said they shared their faith at least once or twice.

Global Media Outreach is a global ministry that presents the Gospel online through websites such as WhoisJesus-Really.com and GrowinginChrist.com. There are more than 5,500 trained online missionaries worldwide who respond to questions asked by seekers through emails.[21]

|  ”

|
|

Also, many churches stream their services online in real-time and/or provide them on a platform (such as Facebook or YouTube). This is not only for the benefit of members who cannot attend services due to illness or old age, as well as people who live in areas with no Bible-believing church nearby, but also for visitors who want to check out what the church believes and how it conducts services before deciding whether to visit in person and ultimately become members.

## Internet atheism has a small audience and an insignificant influence on the world[edit]

See: Internet atheism has a small audience and an insignificant influence on the world

## See also[edit]

* World Wide Web
* Subdomains
* Digital Philosophy
* Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
* Internet humor

## References[edit]

1. ↑ http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2016.pdf Retrieved October 3, 2017
2. ↑ http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii.htm
3. ↑ [1]
4. ↑ https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/03/09/president.2000/transcript.gore/
5. ↑ http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/200009/msg00052.html
6. ↑ http://www.healthymind.com/s-porn-stats.html
7. ↑ http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/12/31/2129471.htm
8. ↑ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/9665983/Australia-scraps-plan-to-filter-internet.html
9. ↑ PWC Global Economic Crime Survey 2016
10. ↑ Symantec Internet Security Threat Report (ISTR) volume 22 - 2017
11. ↑ Is Christianity taking over the planet?
12. ↑ http://users.adam.com.au/bstett/BChristianIncrease12.htm
13. ↑ http://pewforum.org/Christian/Faith-and-Conflict-The-Global-Rise-of-Christianity.aspx
14. ↑ http://www.lausanne.org/about.html
15. ↑ http://www.lausanneworldpulse.com/pdf/issues/LWP0206.pdf
16. ↑ Global Media Outreach - Impact
17. ↑ Network211 - visits
18. ↑ Billy Graham Association - Internet evangelism
19. ↑ BGEA Marks 10 Years of Internet Evangelism Ministry ‘Search for Jesus’, National Religious Broadcasters website
20. ↑ Biiy Graham Association - Internet evangelism
21. ↑ Study Reveals Internet Evangelism Is Effective, Christian Post

## External links[edit]

* The 50 most significant moments of Internet history, Crave at CNET.co.uk, September 25, 2008