List of human spaceflights, 1981–1990

Short description: None

This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1981 to 1990, spanning the end of the Soviet Union's Salyut space station program, the beginning of Mir, and the start of the US Space Shuttle program.

* Red indicates fatalities.
* Green indicates suborbital flights (including flights that failed to attain intended orbit).

#  | Crew  | Launch
spacecraft  | Habitation  | Return
spacecraft  | Brief mission summary

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80  |  Vladimir Kovalyonok (3)
Viktor Savinykh (1)  | 13 March 1981
Soyuz T-4 | Salyut 6 | 26 May 1981
Soyuz T-4 |
81  |  Vladimir Dzhanibekov (2)
Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa  | 22 March 1981
Soyuz 39 | Salyut 6 | 29 March 1981
Soyuz 39 | First Mongolian in space (Gürragchaa).
82  |  John W. Young (5)
Robert L. Crippen (1)  | 12 April 1981
STS-1, Columbia | 14 April 1981
STS-1, Columbia | First Space Shuttle flight. Systems test.
83  |  Leonid Popov (2)
Dumitru Prunariu  | 14 May 1981
Soyuz 40 | Salyut 6 | 22 May 1981
Soyuz 40 | First Romanian in space (Prunariu). Magnetic field observations. Final Soyuz flight.
84  |  Joseph H. Engle (1)
Richard H. Truly (1)  | 12 November 1981
STS-2, Columbia | 14 November 1981
STS-2, Columbia | First re-use of a crewed orbital spacecraft. Systems test. Earth science observations.
85  |  Jack R. Lousma (2)
C. Gordon Fullerton (1)  | 22 March 1982
STS-3, Columbia | 30 March 1982
STS-3, Columbia | Further system testing. Miscellaneous scientific experiments and Earth science observations.
86  |  Anatoli Berezovoy
Valentin Lebedev (2)  | 12 May 1982
Soyuz T-5 | Salyut 7 | 10 December 1982
Soyuz T-7 | First mission to Salyut 7. Deployment of radio communications satellite.
87  |  Vladimir Dzhanibekov (3)
Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (2)
Jean-Loup Chrétien (1)  | 24 June 1982
Soyuz T-6 | Salyut 7 | 2 July 1982
Soyuz T-6 | First French citizen in space (Chrétien).
88  |  Thomas K. Mattingly (2)
Henry W. Hartsfield (1)  | 27 June 1982
STS-4, Columbia | 4 July 1982
STS-4, Columbia | Final Space Shuttle R&D flight. Miscellaneous scientific experiments plus classified US Air Force payload.
89  |  Leonid Popov (3)
Aleksandr Serebrov (1)
Svetlana Savitskaya (1)  | 19 August 1982
Soyuz T-7 | Salyut 7 | 27 August 1982
Soyuz T-5 | Second woman in space (Savitskaya).
90  |  Vance D. Brand (2)
Robert F. Overmyer (1)
Joseph P. Allen (1)
William B. Lenoir  | 11 November 1982
STS-5, Columbia | 16 November 1982
STS-5, Columbia | Launched commercial ANIK C-3 and SBS-C communications satellites. Planned EVA cancelled due to space suit malfunction.
91  |  Paul J. Weitz (2)
Karol J. Bobko (1)
Donald H. Peterson
F. Story Musgrave (1)  | 4 April 1983
STS-6, Challenger | 9 April 1983
STS-6, Challenger | First Space Shuttle EVA (Peterson and Musgrave). Deployment of first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-1). Miscellaneous science experiments.
92  |  Vladimir Titov (1)
Gennadi Strekalov (2)
Aleksandr Serebrov (2)  | 20 April 1983
Soyuz T-8 | 22 April 1983
Soyuz T-8 | Failed to dock with Salyut 7.
93  |  Robert L. Crippen (2)
Frederick H. Hauck (1)
John M. Fabian (1)
Sally K. Ride (1)
Norman E. Thagard (1)  | 18 June 1983
STS-7, Challenger | 24 June 1983
STS-7, Challenger | Two communications satellites launched. First American woman in space (Ride). Investigation into behavior of ant colony in zero gravity. Various microgravity experiments.
94  |  Vladimir Lyakhov (2)
Aleksandr Aleksandrov (1)  | 26 June 1983
Soyuz T-9 | Salyut 7 | 23 November 1983
Soyuz T-9 |
95  |  Richard H. Truly (2)
Daniel C. Brandenstein (1)
Dale A. Gardner (1)
Guion Bluford (1)
William E. Thornton (1)  | 30 August 1983
STS-8, Challenger | 5 September 1983
STS-8, Challenger | First African-American in space (Bluford). First night launch and landing. Deployed INSAT-1B satellite for India. Observation of behavior of rats in space.
—  |  Vladimir Titov
Gennady Strekalov | 26 September 1983
Soyuz T-10-1  | Launch failed due to fire. Crew ejected.
96  |  John W. Young (6)
Brewster H. Shaw (1)
Owen K. Garriott (2)
Robert A. Parker (1)
Byron K. Lichtenberg (1)
Ulf Merbold (1)  | 28 November 1983
STS-9, Columbia | 8 December 1983
STS-9, Columbia | First Spacelab (orbital laboratory) mission. First ESA astronaut, first West German astronaut and first non-American on US flight (Merbold).
97  |  Vance D. Brand (3)
Robert L. Gibson (1)
Bruce McCandless II (1)
Ronald E. McNair (1)
Robert L. Stewart (1)  | 3 February 1984
STS-41-B,
Challenger | 11 February 1984
STS-41-B,
Challenger | First untethered spacewalk (McCandless and Stewart). WESTAR-VI and PALAPA-B2 satellites deployed but failed to attain correct orbits.
98  |  Leonid Kizim (2)
Vladimir Solovyov (1)
Oleg Atkov | 4 February 1984
Soyuz T-10 | Salyut 7 | 2 October 1984
Soyuz T-11 |
99  |  Yury Malyshev (2)
Gennadi Strekalov (3)
Rakesh Sharma | 3 April 1984
Soyuz T-11 | Salyut 7 | 11 April 1984
Soyuz T-10 | First Indian in space (Sharma). Earth observation program. Life sciences and materials processing experiments.
100  |  Robert L. Crippen (3)
Francis R. Scobee (1)
George D. Nelson (1)
James D. A. van Hoften (1)
Terry J. Hart  | 6 April 1984
STS-41-C,
Challenger | 13 April 1984
STS-41-C,
Challenger | LDEF deployed for later retrieval. Capture, repair and redeployment of malfunctioning Solar Maximum Mission satellite.
101  |  Vladimir Dzhanibekov (4)
Igor Volk
Svetlana Savitskaya (2)  | 17 July 1984
Soyuz T-12 | Salyut 7 | 29 July 1984
Soyuz T-12 | First EVA by a female astronaut (Savitskaya).
102  |  Henry W. Hartsfield (2)
Michael L. Coats (1)
Judith A. Resnik (1)
Steven A. Hawley (1)
Richard M. Mullane (1)
Charles D. Walker (1)  | 30 August 1984
STS-41-D,
Discovery | 5 September 1984
STS-41-D,
Discovery | Testing of experimental solar arrays. Three satellites deployed.
103  |  Robert L. Crippen (4)
Jon A. McBride (1)
Kathryn D. Sullivan (1)
Sally K. Ride (2)
David C. Leestma (1)
Marc Garneau (1)
Paul D. Scully-Power  | 5 October 1984
STS-41-G,
Challenger | 13 October 1984
STS-41-G,
Challenger | ERBS satellite deployed. Radar imaging. First EVA by an American woman (Sullivan). First Canadian in space (Garneau). First flight including two women.
104  |  Frederick H. Hauck (2)
David M. Walker (1)
Anna L. Fisher
Dale A. Gardner (2)
Joseph P. Allen (2)  | 8 November 1984
STS-51-A,
Discovery | 16 November 1984
STS-51-A,
Discovery | Deployed two communications satellites. Retrieved two malfunctioning satellites.
105  |  Thomas K. Mattingly (3)
Loren J. Shriver (1)
Ellison S. Onizuka (1)
James F. Buchli (1)
Gary E. Payton  | 24 January 1985
STS-51-C,
Discovery | 27 January 1985
STS-51-C,
Discovery | First mission for the U.S. Department of Defense. Classified payload, possibly intelligence-gathering satellite.
106  |  Karol J. Bobko (2)
Donald E. Williams (1)
M. Rhea Seddon (1)
Jeffrey A. Hoffman (1)
S. David Griggs
Charles D. Walker (2)
E. Jake Garn  | 12 April 1985
STS-51-D,
Discovery | 19 April 1985
STS-51-D,
Discovery | Communications satellite deployed. Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First sitting member of U.S. Congress in space (Garn).
107  |  Robert F. Overmyer (2)
Frederick D. Gregory (1)
Don L. Lind
Norman E. Thagard (2)
William E. Thornton (2)
Lodewijk van den Berg
Taylor G. Wang  | 29 April 1985
STS-51-B,
Challenger | 6 May 1985
STS-51-B,
Challenger | Second Spacelab mission; microgravity experiments. Observation of behaviour of monkeys and rodents in space.
108  |  Vladimir Dzhanibekov (5)  | 5 June 1985
Soyuz T-13 | Salyut 7 | 26 September 1985
Soyuz T-13 | Repair of crippled Salyut 7 station.
Viktor Savinykh (2)  | 21 November 1985
Soyuz T-14
109  |  Daniel C. Brandenstein (2)
John O. Creighton (1)
Shannon W. Lucid (1)
Steven R. Nagel (1)
John M. Fabian (2)
Patrick Baudry
Sultan Salman Al Saud  | 17 June 1985
STS-51-G,
Discovery | 24 June 1985
STS-51-G,
Discovery | Three communications satellites deployed. Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Saudi and the first Arab in space (Al-Saud).
110  |  C. Gordon Fullerton (2)
Roy D. Bridges
F. Story Musgrave (2)
Anthony W. England
Karl G. Henize
Loren W. Acton
John-David F. Bartoe  | 29 July 1985
STS-51-F,
Challenger | 6 August 1985
STS-51-F,
Challenger | Spacelab-2 mission. Miscellaneous science experiments. Three communications satellites deployed.
111  |  Joseph H. Engle (2)
Richard O. Covey (1)
James D.A. van Hoften (2)
John M. Lounge (1)
William F. Fisher  | 27 August 1985
STS-51-I,
Discovery | 3 September 1985
STS-51-I,
Discovery | Three communications satellites deployed. Retrieval, repair and redeployment of LEASAT-3 satellite.
112  |  Vladimir Vasyutin
Aleksandr Volkov (1)  | 17 September 1985
Soyuz T-14 | Salyut 7 | 21 November 1985
Soyuz T-14 |
Georgi Grechko (3)  | 26 September 1985
Soyuz T-13
113  |  Karol J. Bobko (3)
Ronald J. Grabe (1)
David C. Hilmers (1)
Robert L. Stewart (2)
William A. Pailes  | 3 October 1985
STS-51-J,
Atlantis | 7 October 1985
STS-51-J,
Atlantis | Second U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, believed to be two communications satellites.
114  |  Henry W. Hartsfield (3)
Steven R. Nagel (2)
James F. Buchli (2)
Guion Bluford (2)
Bonnie J. Dunbar (1)
Reinhard Furrer
Ernst Messerschmid
Wubbo J. Ockels  | 30 October 1985
STS-61-A,
Challenger | 6 November 1985
STS-61-A,
Challenger | German-sponsored Spacelab mission. Microgravity experiments. First Dutchman in space (Ockels).
115  |  Brewster H. Shaw (2)
Bryan D. O'Connor (1)
Mary L. Cleave (1)
Sherwood C. Spring
Jerry L. Ross (1)
Rodolfo Neri Vela
Charles D. Walker (3)  | 26 November 1985
STS-61-B,
Atlantis | 3 December 1985
STS-61-B,
Atlantis | Three communications satellites deployed. Demonstration of in-orbit construction techniques. First Mexican in space (Neri Vela).
116  |  Robert L. Gibson (2)
Charles F. Bolden (1)
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (1)
Steven A. Hawley (2)
George D. Nelson (2)
Robert J. Cenker
Clarence W. Nelson  | 12 January 1986
STS-61-C,
Columbia | 18 January 1986
STS-61-C,
Columbia | Deployment of communications satellite. Miscellaneous science experiments.
—  |  Francis R. Scobee (2)
Michael J. Smith
Judith A. Resnik (2)
Ellison S. Onizuka (2)
Ronald E. McNair (2)
Gregory B. Jarvis
S. Christa McAuliffe  | 28 January 1986
STS-51-L, Challenger | Disintegrated 73 seconds after launch with loss of all crew.
117  |  Leonid Kizim (3)
Vladimir Solovyov (2)  | 13 March 1986
Soyuz T-15 | Mir
Salyut 7
Mir | 16 July 1986
Soyuz T-15 | First expedition to Mir. Last expedition to Salyut 7.
118  |  Alexander Laveykin  | 7 February 1987
Soyuz TM-2 | Mir | 30 July 1987
Soyuz TM-2 | Mir crew rotation and maintenance.
Yuri Romanenko (3)  | 29 December 1987
Soyuz TM-3
119  |  Aleksandr Viktorenko (1)
Mohammed Faris  | 22 July 1987
Soyuz TM-3 | Mir | 30 July 1987
Soyuz TM-2 | Mir crew rotation. First Syrian in space (Faris).
Aleksandr Aleksandrov (2)  | 29 December 1987
Soyuz TM-3
120  |  Anatoli Levchenko | 21 December 1987
Soyuz TM-4 | Mir | 29 December 1987
Soyuz TM-3 | Mir crew rotation. Biological experiments and astronomical observations.
Vladimir Titov (2)
Musa Manarov (1)  | 21 December 1988
Soyuz TM-6
121  |  Anatoly Solovyev (1)
Victor Savinykh (3)
Aleksandr Aleksandrov  | 7 June 1988
Soyuz TM-5 | Mir | 17 June 1988
Soyuz TM-4 |
122  |  Vladimir Lyakhov (3)
Abdul Ahad Mohmand  | 29 August 1988
Soyuz TM-6 | Mir | 7 September 1988
Soyuz TM-5 | Mir crew rotation. First Afghan in space (Mohmand).
Valeri Polyakov (1)  | 27 April 1989
Soyuz TM-7
123  |  Frederick H. Hauck (3)
Richard O. Covey (2)
John M. Lounge (2)
George D. Nelson (3)
David C. Hilmers (2)  | 28 September 1988
STS-26, Discovery | 3 October 1988
STS-26, Discovery | First "Return to Flight" Space Shuttle mission after Challenger disaster. Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-3 (TDRS-3).
124  |  Aleksandr Volkov (2)
Sergei Krikalev (1)  | 26 November 1988
Soyuz TM-7 | Mir | 27 April 1989
Soyuz TM-7 | Mir crew rotation. Technology experiments. First European EVA (Chrétien).
Jean-Loup Chrétien (2)  | 21 December 1988
Soyuz TM-6
125  |  Robert L. Gibson (3)
Guy S. Gardner (1)
Richard M. Mullane (2)
Jerry L. Ross (2)
William M. Shepherd (1)  | 2 December 1988
STS-27, Atlantis | 6 December 1988
STS-27, Atlantis | U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly Lacrosse 1 radar reconnaissance satellite.
126  |  Michael L. Coats (2)
John E. Blaha (1)
James P. Bagian (1)
James F. Buchli (3)
Robert C. Springer (1)  | 13 March 1989
STS-29, Discovery | 18 March 1989
STS-29, Discovery | Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-4 (TDRS-4). Miscellaneous science experiments.
127  |  David M. Walker (2)
Ronald J. Grabe (2)
Norman E. Thagard (3)
Mary L. Cleave (2)
Mark C. Lee (1)  | 4 May 1989
STS-30, Atlantis | 8 May 1989
STS-30, Atlantis | Magellan probe deployed.
128  |  Brewster H. Shaw (3)
Richard N. Richards (1)
James C. Adamson (1)
David C. Leestma (2)
Mark N. Brown (1)  | 8 August 1989
STS-28, Columbia | 13 August 1989
STS-28, Columbia | U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly military communications and reconnaissance satellites.
129  |  Alexander Viktorenko (2)
Aleksandr Serebrov (3)  | 5 September 1989
Soyuz TM-8 | Mir | 19 February 1990
Soyuz TM-8 | Mir equipment installation.
130  |  Donald E. Williams (2)
Michael J. McCulley
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (2)
Shannon W. Lucid (2)
Ellen S. Baker (1)  | 18 October 1989
STS-34, Atlantis | 23 October 1989
STS-34, Atlantis | Galileo probe deployed.
131  |  Frederick D. Gregory (2)
John E. Blaha (2)
F. Story Musgrave (3)
Manley L. Carter
Kathryn C. Thornton (1)  | 22 November 1989
STS-33, Discovery | 27 November 1989
STS-33, Discovery | U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite. First African-American Shuttle Commander.
132  |  Daniel C. Brandenstein (3)
James D. Wetherbee (1)
Bonnie J. Dunbar (2)
G. David Low (1)
Marsha S. Ivins (1)  | 9 January 1990
STS-32, Columbia | 20 January 1990
STS-32, Columbia | Deployment of defense communications satellite. Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) retrieval.
133  |  Anatoly Solovyev (2)
Alexander Balandin | 11 February 1990
Soyuz TM-9 | Mir | 17 July 1990
Soyuz TM-9 |
134  |  John O. Creighton (2)
John H. Casper (1)
Richard M. Mullane (3)
David C. Hilmers (3)
Pierre J. Thuot (1)  | 28 February 1990
STS-36, Atlantis | 4 March 1990
STS-36, Atlantis | U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite.
135  |  Loren J. Shriver (2)
Charles F. Bolden (2)
Steven A. Hawley (3)
Bruce McCandless II (2)
Kathryn D. Sullivan (2)  | 24 April 1990
STS-31, Discovery | 29 April 1990
STS-31, Discovery | Hubble Space Telescope deployed.
136  |  Gennadi Strekalov (4)
Gennadi Manakov (1)  | 3 August 1990
Soyuz TM-10 | Mir | 10 December 1990
Soyuz TM-10 |
137  |  Richard N. Richards (2)
Robert D. Cabana (1)
William M. Shepherd (2)
Bruce E. Melnick (1)
Thomas D. Akers (1)  | 6 October 1990
STS-41, Discovery | 10 October 1990
STS-41, Discovery | Ulysses probe deployed. Miscellaneous science experiments.
138  |  Richard O. Covey (3)
Frank L. Culbertson (1)
Robert C. Springer (2)
Carl J. Meade (1)
Charles D. Gemar (1)  | 15 November 1990
STS-38, Atlantis | 20 November 1990
STS-38, Atlantis | U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite.
139  |  Vance D. Brand (4)
Guy S. Gardner (2)
Jeffrey A. Hoffman (2)
John M. Lounge (3)
Robert A. Parker (2)
Samuel T. Durrance (1)
Ronald A. Parise (1)  | 2 December 1990
STS-35, Columbia | 10 December 1990
STS-35, Columbia | Ultraviolet and X-ray astronomy (ASTRO-1 observatory).
140  |  Viktor Afanasyev (1)
Musa Manarov (2)  | 2 December 1990
Soyuz TM-11 | Mir | 26 May 1991
Soyuz TM-11 | Mir crew rotation. First Japanese in space (Akiyama).
Toyohiro Akiyama  | 10 December 1990
Soyuz TM-10

## See also

* List of human spaceflight programs
* List of human spaceflights
* List of human spaceflights, 1961–1970
* List of human spaceflights, 1971–1980
* List of human spaceflights, 1991–2000
* List of human spaceflights, 2001–2010
* List of human spaceflights, 2011–2020
* List of human spaceflights, 2021–present

## References

* Vostok and Voskhod flight history
* Mercury flight history
* X-15 flight history (altitudes given in feet)
* Gemini flight history
* Apollo flight history (student resource)
* Skylab flight history
* Apollo-Soyuz flight history
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