Micro Transport Protocol

Short description: An open UDP-based variant of the BitTorrent peer-to-peer file sharing protocol

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Micro Transport Protocol (μTP, sometimes uTP) is an open User Datagram Protocol-based (UDP-based) variant of the BitTorrent peer-to-peer file sharing protocol intended to mitigate poor latency and other congestion control problems found in conventional BitTorrent over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), while providing reliable, ordered delivery.

It was devised to automatically slow down[1] the rate at which packets of data are transmitted between users of peer-to-peer file sharing torrents when it interferes with other applications. For example, the protocol should automatically allow the sharing of an DSL line between a BitTorrent application and a web browser.

## Contents

* 1 Development
* 2 μTP congestion control
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Development

μTP emerged from research at Internet2 on QoS and high-performance bulk transport, was adapted for use as a background transport protocol by Plicto, founded by Stanislav Shalunov and Ben Teitelbaum[2] and later acquired by BitTorrent, Inc. in 2006, and further developed within its new owner.[3] It was first introduced in the μTorrent 1.8.x beta branches, and publicized in the alpha builds of μTorrent 1.9.[4][5]

The implementation of μTP used in μTorrent was later separated into the "libutp" library and published under the MIT license.[6][7]

The first free software client to implement μTP was KTorrent 4.0.[8][9] libtorrent implements μTP since version 0.16.0[10] and it is used in qBittorrent since 2.8.0.[11] Tixati implements μTP since version 1.72.[12] Vuze (formerly Azureus) implements μTP since version 4.6.0.0.[13] Transmission implements μTP since version 2.30.[14]

## μTP congestion control

The congestion control algorithm used by μTP, known as Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT), aims to decrease the latency caused by applications using the protocol while maximizing bandwidth when latency is not excessive.[15][16] Additionally, information from the μTP congestion controller can be used to choose the transfer rate of TCP connections.[17]

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LEDBAT is described in RFC 6817. As of 2009, the details of the μTP implementation were different from those of the then-current Internet Draft.[18]

μTP also adds support for NAT traversal using UDP hole punching between two port-restricted peers where a third unrestricted peer acts as a STUN server.[19][20]

## See also

* TCP congestion control
* Multipurpose Transaction Protocol (MTP)
* QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections)
* Real-Time Media Flow Protocol (RTMFP)
* Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP UDP Encapsulation; RFC 6951)
* UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT)

## References

1. ↑ "Forum.bittorrent.org / A few comments about µTP (BEP-29)". http://forum.bittorrent.org/viewtopic.php?pid=762#p762.
2. ↑ This Is How Your BitTorrent Downloads Move So Fast, Fastcolabs, 2013-07-29, Retrieved November 6, 2013
3. ↑ http://www.slideshare.net/eCommConf/eric-klinker-presentation-at-emerging-communication-conference-awards-2010-america/11 uTP timeline, slide 11, "This Green Revolution-improving the yield of your network investment", eComm America Conference, San Francisco, CA, April 2010.
4. ↑ Beijnum, Iljitsch van (2008-12-02). "?Torrent's switch to UDP and why the sky isn't falling" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2008/12/utorrents-switch-to-udp-and-why-the-sky-isnt-falling/.
5. ↑ "uTorrent shifts towards UDP to make it work better". https://www.thinkbroadband.com/news/3807-utorrent-shifts-towards-udp-to-make-it-work-better.
6. ↑ "Libutp, an open source implementation of µTP, has now been released (Page 1) / Announcements / µTorrent Community Forums". http://forum.utorrent.com/viewtopic.php?id=76640.
7. ↑ bittorrent/libutp, BitTorrent Inc., 2021-05-08, https://github.com/bittorrent/libutp, retrieved 2021-05-11
8. ↑ "KTorrent First BitTorrent Client To Adopt Open Source uTP * TorrentFreak" (in en). https://torrentfreak.com/ktorrent-first-bittorrent-client-to-adopt-open-source-utp-100528/.
9. ↑ "KTorrent 4.0 is out". 24 May 2010. http://ktorrent.pwsp.net/?q=node/42.
10. ↑ "Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting.". https://code.google.com/archive/p/libtorrent/downloads.
11. ↑ "qBittorrent Official Website". https://www.qbittorrent.org/news.php.
12. ↑ "Tixati.com - News". https://www.tixati.com/news/.
13. ↑ "Version 4400 4702 Changelog - VuzeWiki". https://wiki.vuze.com/w/Version_4400_4702_Changelog.
14. ↑ "Changes – Transmission". https://trac.transmissionbt.com/wiki/Changes#version-2.30.
15. ↑ "Technical information about UDP". http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com.au/articles/27957-Torrents-of-Disruption-on-the-Way-.
16. ↑ "Forum.bittorrent.org / A few comments about µTP (BEP-29)". http://forum.bittorrent.org/viewtopic.php?pid=762#p762.
17. ↑ "Post by developer "Greg Hazel" in thread "μTorrent 1.9 alpha"". 2008-11-26. http://forum.utorrent.com/viewtopic.php?pid=377209#p377209.
18. ↑ "Forum.bittorrent.org / A few comments about µTP (BEP-29)". http://forum.bittorrent.org/viewtopic.php?pid=753#p753. [full citation needed]
19. ↑ "ΜTorrent 1.9 alpha 15380 (Page 1) / Announcements / µTorrent Community Forums". http://forum.utorrent.com/viewtopic.php?id=49813.
20. ↑ "Distributed UDP hole punching for the BitTorrent protocol (Page 1) / Protocol Design Discussion / µTorrent Community Forums". http://forum.utorrent.com/viewtopic.php?pid=407732#p407732.

## External links

* BitTorrent Enhancement Proposal 29 \- μTorrent transport protocol
* TCP-LP
* swift - the multiparty transport protocol

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Peer-to-peer file sharing

Networks,
protocols|

| List|

* List of P2P protocols

|

Decentralized|

* Ares
* BitTorrent
* FastTrack
* OpenFT
* Gnutella
* Gnutella2
* Overnet
* WinMX

Server-based|

* Direct Connect
* eDonkey2000
* Kad
* OpenNap

Anonymous|

* Freenet
* GNUnet
* MUTE
* Oneswarm
* Perfect Dark
* RetroShare
* Share
* StealthNet
* WASTE
* Winny

Single client|

* DAT
* Filetopia
* Fopnu
* Soribada
* Soulseek

Comparisons
of clients|

* Advanced Direct Connect
* BitTorrent
* Direct Connect
* eDonkey
* Gnutella
* Gnutella2

Hyperlinks|

* eD2k
* Magnet
* Metalink

Uses|

* Backup
* Broadcatching
* Segmented file transfer
* Disk sharing
* game & video sharing
* Image sharing
* Music sharing
* Peercasting
* Sharing software
* Web hosting (Freesite, IPFS, WebTorrent, ZeroNet)
* Legal aspects

Concepts|

| Privacy|

* Anonymous P2P
* Darknet
* Darkweb
* Friend-to-friend
* I2P
* Open Music Model
* Private P2P
* Seedbox
* Tor
* Virtual private network

|

Internal
technologies|

* Distributed data store
* DHT
* Merkle tree
* Mix networks
* NAT traversal
* PEX
* Protocol Encryption
* SHA-1
* Super-seeding
* Tracker
* UDP hole punching
* µTP

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