Neodymium(III) oxide

Names
IUPAC name

Neodymium(III) oxide

Other names

Neodymium oxide, Neodymium sesquioxide

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1313-97-9 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 3407022

EC Number |

* 215-214-1

PubChem CID

* 4196641

UNII |

* AYT3H319PN Y

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

* DTXSID2051479

InChI

* InChI=1S/2Nd.3O

Key: HBPPDPSYLUIKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

* O=[Nd]O[Nd]=O

Properties

Chemical formula

| Nd2O3
Molar mass | 336.48 g/mol
Appearance  | light bluish gray hexagonal crystals
Density | 7.24 g/cm3
Melting point |  2,233 °C (4,051 °F; 2,506 K)
Boiling point |  3,760 °C (6,800 °F; 4,030 K)[1]

Solubility in water

| .0003 g/100 mL (75 °C)

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| +10,200.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure

Crystal structure

| Hexagonal, hP5

Space group

| P-3m1, No. 164
Thermochemistry

Heat capacity (C)

| 111.3 J·mol−1·K−1[1]

Std molar
entropy (S ~~o~~ 298)

| 158.6 J·mol−1·K−1

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| −1807.9 kJ·mol−1
Related compounds

Other anions

| Neodymium(II) chloride
Neodymium(III) chloride

Other cations

| Uranium(VI) oxide
Praseodymium(III) oxide
Promethium(III) oxide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Neodymium(III) oxide or neodymium sesquioxide is the chemical compound composed of neodymium and oxygen with the formula Nd2O3. It forms very light grayish-blue hexagonal crystals.[1] The rare-earth mixture didymium, previously believed to be an element, partially consists of neodymium(III) oxide.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Uses
* 2 Reactions
* 3 Structure
* 4 References

## Uses

Neodymium(III) oxide is used to dope glass, including sunglasses, to make solid-state lasers, and to color glasses and enamels.[3] Neodymium-doped glass turns purple due to the absorbance of yellow and green light, and is used in welding goggles.[4] Some neodymium-doped glass is dichroic; that is, it changes color depending on the lighting. One kind of glass named for the mineral alexandrite appears blue in sunlight and red in artificial light.[5] About 7000 tonnes of neodymium(III) oxide are produced worldwide each year. Neodymium(III) oxide is also used as a polymerization catalyst.[4]

## Reactions

Neodymium(III) oxide is formed when neodymium(III) nitride or neodymium(III) hydroxide is roasted in air.[6]

## Structure

Neodymium(III) oxide has a low-temperature trigonal A form in space group P3m1.[7] This structure type is favoured by the early lanthanides.[8][9] At higher temperatures it adopts two other forms, the hexagonal H form in space group P63/mmc and the cubic X form in Im3m. The high-temperature forms exhibit crystallographic disorder.[10][11]

Crystal structure of the A form of neodymium(III) oxide  Packing  | Neodymium coordination  | Oxygen O1 coordination  | Oxygen O2 coordination

|
|
|

|  |  |
A-M2O3 structure type  | approximately capped octahedral | octahedral | approximately tetrahedral

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 471; 552, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
2. ↑ Brady, George Stuart; Clauser, Henry R.; Vaccari, John A. (2002), Materials Handbook (15 ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, pp. 779, ISBN 978-0-07-136076-0, https://books.google.com/books?id=vIhvSQLhhMEC&pg=PA779&dq="Neodymium+oxide", retrieved 2009-03-18
3. ↑ Eagleson, Mary (1994), Concise Encyclopedia of Chemistry, Springer, pp. 680, ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC&pg=PA680&dq="Neodymium(III)+oxide", retrieved 2009-03-18
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Emsley, John (2003), Nature's Building Blocks, Oxford University Press, pp. 268–9, ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8, https://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&pg=PA268&dq="Neodymium+oxide", retrieved 2009-03-18
5. ↑ Bray, Charles (2001), Dictionary of Glass (2 ed.), University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 103, ISBN 978-0-8122-3619-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=KbZkxDyeG18C&pg=PA102&dq="Neodymium+oxide", retrieved 2009-03-18
6. ↑ Spencer, James Frederick (1919), The Metals of the Rare Earths, London: Longmans, Green, and Co, pp. 115, https://books.google.com/books?id=W2zxN_FLQm8C&pg=PA115&dq="Neodymium+oxide", retrieved 2009-03-18
7. ↑ D. Taylor (1984). "Thermal Expansion Data: III Sesquioxides, U2N3, with the corundum and the A-, B- and C-M2O3 structures". Trans. J. Br. Ceram. Soc. 83: 92–98.
8. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 1238-1239. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
9. ↑ A. F. Wells (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 544–547.
10. ↑ Müller-Buschbaum, H. (1966). "Zur Struktur der A-Form der Sesquioxide der Seltenen Erden. II. Strukturuntersuchung an Nd2O3". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 343 (1-2): 6–10. doi:10.1002/zaac.19663430103.
11. ↑ Aldebert, P.; Traverse, J. P. (1979). "Etude par diffraction neutronique des structures de haute temperature de La2O3 et Nd2O3". Mater. Res. Bull. 14 (3): 303–323. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(79)90095-3.

* v
* t
* e

Neodymium compounds

* NdAl3(BO3)4
* NdBr3
* NdCl3
* NdF3
* Nd(OH)3
* NdNiO3
* NdN
* Nd(NO3)3
* Nd2O3
* Nd2(SO4)3

* v
* t
* e

Oxides

Mixed oxidation states|

* Antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4)
* Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co3O4)
* Europium(II,III) oxide (Eu3O4)
* Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe<sub>3O4)
* Lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb3O4)
* Manganese(II,III) oxide (Mn3O4)
* Silver(I,III) oxide (Ag2O2)
* Triuranium octoxide (U3O8)
* Carbon suboxide (C3O2)
* Mellitic anhydride (C12O9)
* [[Chemistry:Praseodymium(III,IV) Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide]] (Pr6O11)
* Terbium(III,IV) oxide (Tb4O7)

+1 oxidation state|

* Copper(I) oxide (Cu<sub>2O)
* Caesium oxide (Cs2O)
* Dicarbon monoxide (C2O)
* Dichlorine monoxide (Cl2O)
* Gallium(I) oxide (Ga2O)
* Lithium oxide (Li2O)
* Potassium oxide (K2O)
* Rubidium oxide (Rb2O)
* Silver oxide (Ag2O)
* Thallium(I) oxide (Tl2O)
* Sodium oxide (Na2O)
* Water (hydrogen oxide) (H2O)

+2 oxidation state|

* Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO)
* Barium oxide (BaO)
* Beryllium oxide (BeO)
* Cadmium oxide (CdO)
* Calcium oxide (CaO)
* Carbon monoxide (CO)
* Chromium(II) oxide (CrO)
* Cobalt(II) oxide (CoO)
* Copper(II) oxide (CuO)
* Europium(II) oxide (EuO)
* Germanium monoxide (GeO))
* Iron(II) oxide (FeO)
* Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
* Magnesium oxide (MgO)
* Manganese(II) oxide (MnO)
* Mercury(II) oxide (HgO)
* Nickel(II) oxide (NiO)
* Nitric oxide (NO)
* Palladium(II) oxide (PdO)
* Silicon monoxide (SiO)
* Strontium oxide (SrO)
* Sulfur monoxide (SO)
* Disulfur dioxide (S2O2)
* Thorium monoxide (ThO)
* Tin(II) oxide (SnO)
* Titanium(II) oxide (TiO)
* Vanadium(II) oxide (VO)
* Zinc oxide (ZnO)

+3 oxidation state|

* Aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2O3)
* Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3)
* Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)
* Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3)
* Boron trioxide (B2O3)
* Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3)
* Dibromine trioxide (Br2O3)
* Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)
* Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
* Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3)
* Erbium(III) oxide (Er2O3)
* Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3)
* Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3)
* Gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3)
* Holmium(III) oxide (Ho2O3)
* Indium(III) oxide (In<sub>2O3)
* Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
* Lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
* Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu2O3)
* Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)
* Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd2O3)
* Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3)
* Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
* Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr2O3)
* Promethium(III) oxide (Pm2O3)
* Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh2O3)
* [[Chemistry:Samarium(III) Samarium(III) oxide]] (Sm2O3)
* Scandium oxide (Sc2O3)
* Terbium(III) oxide (Tb2O3)
* Thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3)
* Thulium(III) oxide (Tm2O3)
* Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3)
* Tungsten(III) oxide (W2O3)
* Vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3)
* Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3)
* Yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3)

+4 oxidation state|

* Americium dioxide (AmO2)
* Carbon dioxide (CO2)
* Carbon trioxide (CO3)
* Cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2)
* Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
* Chromium(IV) oxide (CrO<sub>2)
* Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4)
* Germanium dioxide (GeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Hafnium(IV) Hafnium(IV) oxide]] (HfO2)
* Lead dioxide (PbO2)
* Manganese dioxide (MnO2)
* Neptunium(IV) oxide (NpO2)
* Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
* Osmium dioxide (OsO2)
* Plutonium(IV) oxide (PuO2)
* Praseodymium(IV) oxide (PrO2)
* Protactinium(IV) oxide (PaO2)
* Rhodium(IV) oxide (RhO2)
* Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO<sub>2)
* Selenium dioxide (SeO2)
* Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
* Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
* Tellurium dioxide (TeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Terbium(IV) Terbium(IV) oxide]] (TbO2)
* Thorium dioxide (ThO2)
* Tin dioxide (SnO2)
* Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2)
* Tungsten(IV) oxide (WO2)
* Uranium dioxide (UO2)
* Vanadium(IV) oxide (VO2)
* Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

+5 oxidation state|

* Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5)
* Arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
* Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)
* Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5)
* Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)
* Protactinium(V) oxide (Pa2O5)
* Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)
* Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5)

+6 oxidation state|

* Chromium trioxide (CrO3)
* Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)
* Rhenium trioxide (ReO3)
* Selenium trioxide (SeO3)
* Sulfur trioxide (SO3)
* Tellurium trioxide (TeO3)
* Tungsten trioxide (WO3)
* Uranium trioxide (UO3)
* Xenon trioxide (XeO3)
* Iridium trioxide (IrO3)

+7 oxidation state|

* Dichlorine heptoxide (Cl2O7)
* Manganese heptoxide (Mn2O7)
* [[Chemistry:Rhenium(VII) Rhenium(VII) oxide]] (Re2O7)
* Technetium(VII) oxide (Tc2O7)

+8 oxidation state|

* Osmium tetroxide (OsO4)
* Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4)
* Xenon tetroxide (XeO4)
* Iridium tetroxide (IrO4)
* Hassium tetroxide (HsO4)

Related|

* Oxocarbon
* Suboxide
* Oxyanion
* Ozonide
* Peroxide
* Superoxide

Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides

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