Ballot measure campaign finance, 2020

2020 U.S. state
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This page summarizes the campaign finance data for statewide ballot measures certified to go before voters in 2020.

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 1.1 Contributions by state
* 1.2 Top 10 most expensive measures
* 1.3 Contributions by measure type
* 2 2020 ballot measure contributions
* 2.1 Initiatives and veto referendums
* 2.2 Legislative and automatic referrals
* 3 Comparison to prior years
* 4 See also

## Overview[edit]

Including pre-November, November 3, and December election dates, a total of 129 statewide ballot measures were certified for the 2020 ballot in 34 states. Ninety-three (93) of the measures were approved, and 36 were defeated.

* Three measures were on the ballot on March 3.
* One measure was on the ballot on April 7.
* One measure was on the ballot for the Oklahoma election on June 30.
* Two measures were on the ballot for the Maine election on July 14.
* One measure was on the ballot for the Missouri election on August 4.
* One hundred and twenty (120) measures were on the ballot on November 3.
* One measure was on the ballot for the Louisiana election on December 5.

Voters in 32 states decided 120 statewide ballot measures on November 3, 2020. Of the 120 statewide measures, 88 were approved and 32 were defeated.

Click here to see 2020 statewide ballot measure election results.

Committees registered to support or oppose these statewide measures reported a combined total of $1.24 billion in contributions and $1.22 billion in expenditures.

### Contributions by state[edit]

The following five states had the most ballot measure campaign contributions:

* California \- $763.5 million in contributions
* Illinois \- $123.5 million in contributions
* Massachusetts \- $61.6 million in contributions
* Colorado \- $60.5 million in contributions
* Arizona \- $38.3 million in contributions

### Top 10 most expensive measures[edit]

The 10 measures in 2020 with the most contributions to supporting and opposing committees represent 72% of all contributions for the year's 129 statewide measures.

The most expensive measure of the year—California Proposition 22, the App-Based Drivers as Contractors and Labor Policies Initiative—was the most expensive measure for which there is data in California's Cal-Access records covering from 1999 to the present.

Seven of this year's ten most expensive measures were put on the ballot through citizen signature petition drives. State legislatures referred the other three measures to the ballot. Seven of the measures were in California, one was in Arizona, one was in Illinois, and one was in Massachusetts.

All of the top 10 most expensive measures were measures on the November ballot rather than any measures voted on earlier in the year.

Measure  | Type  | Support  | Opposition  | Total  | Outcome

|
|
|
|
|

California Proposition 22, App-Based Drivers as Contractors and Labor Policies Initiative (2020) | Citizen initiative  | $205,369,249.180  | $18,883,768.39  | $224,253,017.57  | a/ot
California Proposition 15, Tax on Commercial and Industrial Properties for Education and Local Government Funding Initiative (2020) | Citizen initiative  | $69,208,909.46  | $74,797,172.16  | $144,006,081.62  | d
California Proposition 21, Local Rent Control Initiative (2020) | Citizen initiative  | $40,852,356.62  | $83,571,656.96  | $124,424,013.58  | d
Illinois Allow for Graduated Income Tax Amendment (2020) | Legislative referral  | $62,273,502.14  | $61,307,716.16  | $123,581,218.30  | d
California Proposition 23, Dialysis Clinic Requirements Initiative (2020) | Citizen initiative  | $8,985,224.07  | $105,243,533.85  | $114,228,757.92  | d
Massachusetts Question 1, "Right to Repair Law" Vehicle Data Access Requirement Initiative (2020) | Citizen initiative  | $24,902,079.14  | $26,555,884.09  | $51,457,963.23  | a
California Proposition 19, Property Tax Transfers, Exemptions, and Revenue for Wildfire Agencies and Counties Amendment (2020) | Legislative referral  | $47,568,642.14  | $238,521.02  | $47,807,163.16  | a
Arizona Proposition 208, Tax on Incomes Exceeding $250,000 for Teacher Salaries and Schools Initiative (2020) | Citizen initiative  | $22,908,982.59  | $8,349,339.38  | $31,258,321.97  | a/ot
California Proposition 16, Repeal Proposition 209 Affirmative Action Amendment (2020) | Legislative referral  | $25,134,604.07  | $1,764,011.20  | $26,898,615.27  | d
California Proposition 25, Replace Cash Bail with Risk Assessments Referendum (2020) | Veto referendum  | $15,301,459.78  | $11,263,271.66  | $26,564,731.44  | d

### Contributions by measure type[edit]

Of the total contributions supporting or opposing the 129 statewide measures, the 43 citizen-initiated measures accounted for about 78% of contributions.

In 2018, the 68 citizen-initiated measures accounted for 83% of the $1.19 billion in campaign contributions for the 167 statewide measures.

## 2020 ballot measure contributions[edit]

The charts below list all of the measures certified to appear on the ballot in 2020, along with the supporting and opposing contributions for each measure, the outcome of each measure, and the date on which the campaign finance information was last updated. Blanks in the charts below indicate that campaign finance information is unavailable or not yet compiled.

Click on the arrows at the top of each column to sort the data according to that column. Measures put on the ballot through citizen petitions generally attract more spending than measures put before voters by the legislature. The ballot measures listed below are divided into one chart for citizen initiatives and veto referendums and another chart for legislative referrals and automatic ballot referrals.

### Initiatives and veto referendums[edit]

The measures listed in this section were put on the ballot through citizen signature petition campaigns to propose a new law through initiatives or to seek the repeal of a law passed by the legislature through a veto referendum.

Ballot Measure | Support Contributions | Oppose Contributions | Outcome

|
|
|

Alaska Ballot Measure 1, North Slope Oil Production Tax Increase Initiative (2020) | $1,659,139.00 | $20,935,670.86 |
Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting and Campaign Finance Laws Initiative (2020) | $6,844,544.33 | $579,426.18 |
Arizona Proposition 207, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2020) | $5,986,533.55 | $1,058,173.00 |
Arizona Proposition 208, Tax on Incomes Exceeding $250,000 for Teacher Salaries and Schools Initiative (2020) | $22,908,982.59 | $8,349,339.38 |
California Proposition 14, Stem Cell Research Institute Bond Initiative (2020) | $19,725,745.47 | $1,350.00 |
California Proposition 15, Tax on Commercial and Industrial Properties for Education and Local Government Funding Initiative (2020) | $69,208,909.46 | $74,797,172.16 |
California Proposition 20, Criminal Sentencing, Parole, and DNA Collection Initiative (2020) | $5,962,060.40 | $8,631,713.38 |
California Proposition 21, Local Rent Control Initiative (2020) | $40,852,356.62 | $83,571,656.96 |
California Proposition 22, App-Based Drivers as Contractors and Labor Policies Initiative (2020) | $205,369,249.18 | $18,883,768.39 |
California Proposition 23, Dialysis Clinic Requirements Initiative (2020) | $8,985,224.07 | $105,243,533.85 |
California Proposition 24, Consumer Personal Information Law and Agency Initiative (2020) | $6,552,132.03 | $34,440.24 |
California Proposition 25, Replace Cash Bail with Risk Assessments Referendum (2020) | $15,301,459.78 | $11,263,271.66 |
Colorado Amendment 76, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Initiative (2020) | $1,446,689.09 | $59,825.18 |
Colorado Proposition 113, National Popular Vote Interstate Compact Referendum (2020) | $5,453,011.14 | $1,784,350.10 |
Colorado Proposition 114, Gray Wolf Reintroduction Initiative (2020) | $2,403,079.01 | $1,060,184.14 |
Colorado Proposition 115, 22-Week Abortion Ban Initiative (2020) | $785,819.66 | $9,794,256.44 |
Colorado Proposition 116, Decrease Income Tax Rate from 4.63% to 4.55% Initiative (2020) | $1,556,208.33 | $3,193,676.40 |
Colorado Proposition 117, Require Voter Approval of Certain New Enterprises Exempt from TABOR Initiative (2020) | $2,175,026.19 | $3,258,177.40 |
Colorado Proposition 118, Paid Medical and Family Leave Initiative (2020) | $9,039,577.89 | $799,926.02 |
Florida Amendment 1, Citizen Requirement for Voting Initiative (2020) | $8,298,943.55 | $1,918,102.04 |
Florida Amendment 2, $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2020) | $6,270,488.78 | $698,165.88 |
Florida Amendment 3, Top-Two Open Primaries for State Offices Initiative (2020) | $7,777,825.00 | $1,918,102.04 |
Florida Amendment 4, Require Constitutional Amendments to be Passed Twice Initiative (2020) | $9,010,146.76 | $1,918,102.04 |
Maine Question 1, Religious and Philosophical Vaccination Exemptions Referendum (March 2020) | $671,085.04 | $872,619.14 |
Massachusetts Question 1, "Right to Repair Law" Vehicle Data Access Requirement Initiative (2020) | $24,902,079.14 | $26,555,884.09 |
Massachusetts Question 2, Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2020) | $10,179,108.24 | $8,475.74 |
Mississippi Ballot Measure 1, Initiative 65 and Alternative 65A, Medical Marijuana Amendment (2020) | $7,586,740.59 | $314,811.00 |
Missouri Amendment 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (August 2020) | $10,758,968.76 | $463,344.04 |
Montana CI-118, Allow for a Legal Age for Marijuana Amendment (2020) | $7,476,501.07 | $323,170.00 |
Montana I-190, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2020) | $7,476,501.07 | $323,170.00 |
Nebraska Initiative 428, Payday Lender Interest Rate Cap Initiative (2020) | $3,617,804.20 | $0.00 |
Nebraska Initiative 429, Authorize Laws for Gambling at Racetracks Amendment (2020) | $7,328,586.81 | $2,180,418.00 |
Nebraska Initiative 430, Authorizing Gambling at Racetracks Initiative (2020) | $7,328,586.81 | $2,180,418.00 |
Nebraska Initiative 431, Tax on Gambling at Racetracks Initiative (2020) | $7,328,586.81 | $2,180,418.00 |
Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2020) | $3,000.19 | $0.00 |
Oklahoma State Question 802, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (June 2020) | $5,834,480.94 | $311,183.79 |
Oklahoma State Question 805, Criminal History in Sentencing and Sentence Modification Initiative (2020) | $9,753,619.12 | $302,687.00 |
Oregon Measure 109, Psilocybin Mushroom Services Program Initiative (2020) | $5,341,126.51 | $0.00 |
Oregon Measure 110, Drug Decriminalization and Addiction Treatment Initiative (2020) | $6,029,290.67 | $167,740.00 |
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment A, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2020) | $2,353,264.16 | $259,035.00 |
South Dakota Initiated Measure 26, Medical Marijuana Initiative (2020) | $2,353,264.16 | $0.00 |
Washington Referendum 90, Sex Education in Public Schools Measure (2020) | $1,843,710.33 | $469,524.15 |

### Legislative and automatic referrals[edit]

The measures listed below were put on the ballot by the state legislature or automatically required by a state law or the state constitution. These types of measures usually generate less campaign spending than initiatives and veto referendums.

Ballot Measure | Support Contributions | Oppose Contributions | Outcome

|
|
|

Alabama Amendment 1, Appointed Education Board Amendment (March 2020) | $476,500.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Amendment 1, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Amendment 2, Judicial System Restructuring Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Amendment 3, Judicial Vacancies Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Amendment 4, Authorize Legislature to Recompile the State Constitution Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Amendment 5, "Stand Your Ground" Rights in Franklin County Churches Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Alabama Amendment 6, "Stand Your Ground" Rights in Lauderdale County Churches Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Arkansas Issue 1, Transportation Sales Tax Continuation Amendment (2020) | $2,304,092.10 | $0.00 |
Arkansas Issue 2, Change State Legislative Term Limits Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $26,300.00 |
Arkansas Issue 3, Initiative Process and Legislative Referral Requirements Amendment (2020) | $486,549.27 | $112,794.13 |
California Proposition 13, School and College Facilities Bond (March 2020) | $13,055,369.32 | $0.00 |
California Proposition 16, Repeal Proposition 209 Affirmative Action Amendment (2020) | $25,134,604.07 | $1,764,011.20 |
California Proposition 17, Voting Rights Restoration for Persons on Parole Amendment (2020) | $1,393,052.52 | $0.00 |
California Proposition 18, Primary Voting for 17-Year-Olds Amendment (2020) | $1,273,311.08 | $0.00 |
California Proposition 19, Property Tax Transfers, Exemptions, and Revenue for Wildfire Agencies and Counties Amendment (2020) | $47,568,642.14 | $238,521.02 |
Colorado Amendment B, Gallagher Amendment Repeal and Property Tax Assessment Rates Measure (2020) | $7,848,712.10 | $722,140.10 |
Colorado Amendment C, Charitable Bingo and Raffles Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Colorado Proposition EE, Tobacco and E-Cigarette Tax Increase for Health and Education Programs Measure (2020) | $4,722,266.09 | $4,545,670.20 |
Florida Amendment 5, Extend "Save Our Homes" Portability Period Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Florida Amendment 6, Homestead Property Tax Discount for Spouses of Deceased Veterans Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Georgia Amendment 1, Dedicating Tax and Fee Revenue Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Georgia Amendment 2, Allow Residents to Seek Declaratory Relief from Certain Laws Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Georgia Referendum A, Property Tax Exemption for Certain Charities Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Idaho Constitutional Amendment HJR4, Require 35 Legislative Districts Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Illinois Allow for Graduated Income Tax Amendment (2020) | $62,273,502.14 | $61,307,716.16 |
Iowa Constitutional Convention Question (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 1, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2020) | $2,348,852.11 | $0.00 |
Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, Terms of Judicial Offices Amendment (2020) | $15,000.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Amendment 1, Allow for Out-of-State Members to the University Board of Supervisors Amendment (December 2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2020) | $681,191.75 | $428,824.22 |
Louisiana Amendment 2, Include Oil and Gas Value in Tax Assessment of Wells Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Amendment 3, Use of Budget Stabilization Fund for Declared Disasters Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Amendment 4, Expenditures Limit Growth Formula Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Amendment 5, Payments in Lieu of Property Taxes Option Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $922,803.35 |
Louisiana Amendment 6, Homestead Exemption Special Assessment Income Limit Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Louisiana Amendment 7, Unclaimed Property Permanent Trust Fund Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Maine Question 1, High-Speed Internet Infrastructure Bond Issue (July 2020) | $112,226.62 | $0.00 |
Maine Question 2, Transportation Infrastructure Bond Issue (July 2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Maryland Question 1, Legislative Authority over State Budget Amendment (2020) | $325,000.00 | $0.00 |
Maryland Question 2, Sports Betting Measure (2020) | $5,462,649.34 | $0.00 |
Michigan Proposal 1, Use of State and Local Park Funds Amendment (2020) | $891,963.20 | $0.00 |
Michigan Proposal 2, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Mississippi Ballot Measure 2, Remove Electoral Vote Requirement and Establish Runoffs for Gubernatorial and State Office Elections Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Mississippi Ballot Measure 3, State Flag Referendum (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Missouri Amendment 1, State Executive Term Limits Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Missouri Amendment 3, Redistricting Process and Criteria, Lobbying, and Campaign Finance Amendment (2020) | $308,815.00 | $7,581,393.00 |
Montana C-46, Initiated Amendment Distribution Requirements Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Montana C-47, Initiated Statute and Referendum Distribution Requirements Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Montana LR-130, Limit Local Government Authority to Regulate Firearms Measure (2020) | $52,632.37 | $1,632,132.27 |
Nebraska Amendment 1, Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Nebraska Amendment 2, Tax Increment Financing (TIF) Repayment Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Nevada Question 1, Remove Constitutional Status of Board of Regents Amendment (2020) | $1,357,000.00 | $0.00 |
Nevada Question 2, Marriage Regardless of Gender Amendment (2020) | $237,655.83 | $0.00 |
Nevada Question 3, State Board of Pardons Commissioners Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Nevada Question 4, State Constitutional Rights of Voters Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
New Jersey Public Question 1, Marijuana Legalization Amendment (2020) | $1,081,544.92 | $8,875.00 |
New Jersey Public Question 2, Peacetime Veterans Eligible for Property Tax Deduction Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
New Jersey Public Question 3, Delayed State Legislative Redistricting Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Bond Question A, Senior Citizens Facilities Bond Issue (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Bond Question B, Public Libraries Bond Issue (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Bond Question C, Public Education Bond Issue (2020) | $275,350.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Appointed Public Regulation Commission Amendment (2020) | $745,000.00 | $0.00 |
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 2, Elections and Terms of Non-Statewide Officeholders Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
North Dakota Constitutional Measure 1, Board of Higher Education Membership Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
North Dakota Constitutional Measure 2, Require Initiated Constitutional Amendments to be Approved by the Legislature or Passed Twice Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $5,241.23 |
Oklahoma State Question 814, Decrease Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust Fund Deposits and Fund Medicaid Program Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $60,050.00 |
Oregon Measure 107, Campaign Finance Limits Amendment (2020) | $179,249.09 | $0.00 |
Oregon Measure 108, Tobacco and E-Cigarette Tax Increase for Health Programs Measure (2020) | $13,729,066.45 | $8,000.00 |
Puerto Rico Statehood Referendum (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Rhode Island Question 1, Name Change Amendment (2020) | $111,288.56 | $0.00 |
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment B, Deadwood Sports Betting Legalization Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Constitutional Amendment A, Gender-Neutral Constitutional Language Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Constitutional Amendment B, Legislator Qualifications Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Remove Slavery as Punishment for a Crime from Constitution Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Constitutional Amendment D, Municipal Water Resources Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Constitutional Amendment E, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Constitutional Amendment F, Legislative Session Start Date Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Utah Constitutional Amendment G, Use Income and Property Tax Revenue to Support Children and Individuals with Disabilities Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Virginia Question 1, Redistricting Commission Amendment (2020) | $2,563,660.31 | $132,791.66 |
Virginia Question 2, Motor Vehicle Property Tax Exemption for Disabled Veterans Amendment (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Washington Advisory Vote 32, Nonbinding Question on Carryout Bag Tax (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Washington Advisory Vote 33, Nonbinding Question on Heavy Equipment Rental Tax (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Washington Advisory Vote 34, Nonbinding Question on Business and Occupation Tax Rate Increase and Surcharge Decrease (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Washington Advisory Vote 35, Nonbinding Question on Business and Occupation Tax Rate Increase on Commercial Airplane Manufacturers (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |
Washington Senate Joint Resolution 8212, Authorize Fund Investment of Long-Term Services and Supports Trust Account Amendment (2020) | $590,398.75 | $0.00 |
Wisconsin Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (April 2020) | $4,428,884.05 | $0.00 |
Wyoming Constitutional Amendment A, Municipal Debt for Sewage Systems Measure (2020) | $0.00 | $0.00 |

## Comparison to prior years[edit]

In 2018, there was a total of $1.19 billion in contributions to campaigns in support of and opposition to statewide ballot measures. The total was $1.31 billion before subtracting for campaigns working on multiple ballot measures, as illustrated in the table below. There were 167 measures on the ballot in 2018, including 68 citizen-initiated ballot measures. The average for each citizen-initiated measure was $16.07 million. The average for legislative and automatic referrals was $2.16 million.

The table below provides the data for the charts above covering the total and average contributions to ballot measure campaigns from 2015 through 2021:

Contributions and average contributions by year[1]

Year |  | Initiatives | Referrals | Total
2015 | Total | $21,514,284.70 | $10,581,912.61 | $32,096,197.31
Average per measure | $4,302,856.94 | $460,083.16 | $1,146,292.76
2016 | Total | $936,000,000.00 | $76,000,000.00 | $1,012,000,000.00
Average per measure | $12,318,977.91 | $881,907.49 | $6,246,913.58
2017 | Total | $101,243,242.47 | $7,520,734.80 | $108,763,977.27
Average per measure | $25,310,810.62 | $326,988.47 | $4,028,295.45
2018 | Total | $984,133,527.91 | $201,569,517.77 | $1,185,703,045.68
Average per measure | $14,472,551.88 | $2,036,055.74 | $7,100,018.24
2019 | Total | $9,317,974.94 | $18,722,299.14 | $28,040,274.08
Average per measure | $4,658,987.47 | $550,655.86 | $778,896.50
2020 | Total | $988,404,738.19 | $281,531,292.72 | $1,269,936,030.91
Average per measure | $23,533,446.15 | $3,235,991.87 | $9,844,465.36
2021 | Total | $105,470,164.28 | $1,626,754.58 | $107,004,044.04
Average per measure | $26,367,541.07 | $46,478.70 | $2,743,693.44

## See also[edit]

* 2020 ballot measures
* Ballot measure signature costs, 2020
* Ballot Measure Scorecard, 2020

v • e

2020 ballot measures

I&R States|

• Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Florida • Idaho • Illinois • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Mexico • North Dakota • Oklahoma • Oregon • South Dakota • Utah • Washington • Wyoming

Non I&R States|

• Alabama • Georgia • Iowa • Kentucky • Louisiana • New Jersey • Rhode Island • Virginia • Wisconsin

Political topics|

• Administration of government‎ • Bond issues‎ • Business regulation‎ • Campaign finance‎ • Civil and criminal trials‎ • Civil rights‎ • Constitutional conventions‎ • Constitutional language‎ • Direct democracy measures‎ • Education‎ • Elections and campaigns‎ • Energy‎ • Firearms‎ • Forests and parks‎ • Healthcare‎ • Law enforcement‎ • Marijuana‎ • Property‎ • Public works‎ • State and local government budgets, spending and finance‎ • State executive official measures‎ • State judiciary‎ • State legislatures measures‎ • Suffrage‎ • Taxes‎ • Term limits‎ • Tobacco‎ • Transportation‎ • Veterans‎ • Water‎

Other|

Scorecard • Petition drive deadlines and requirements • Polls • Lawsuits • Readability analysis • Signature costs • Cost per required signatures analysis • Campaign finance • Media editorial endorsements • Voter guides • Potential measures • Ballot Measure Monthly • Changes in 2020 to laws governing the initiative process • Not on the ballot • Filed initiatives

v • e

Statewide ballot measures

State|

A • Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • C • California • Colorado • Connecticut • F • Florida • G • Georgia • H • Hawaii • I • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • K • Kansas • Kentucky • L • Louisiana • M • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • N • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • O • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • P • Pennsylvania • R • Rhode Island • S • South Carolina • South Dakota • T • Tennessee • Texas • U • Utah • V • Vermont • Virginia • W • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

* * *

By topic|

A • Abortion • Admin of gov't • Affirmative action • Alcohol • Animal rights • Assisted death • B • Bonds • Budgets • Business regulation • C • Campaigns • Civil rights • Constitutional conventions • Constitutional language • County government • D • Daylight Saving Time • Death penalty • Direct democracy • E • Earthquakes • Education • Elections • Eminent domain • English • Environment • Executives • F • Federal constitutional issues • Firearms • G • Gambling • Government accountability • H • Healthcare • Housing • Hunting • I • Immigration • Insurance • J • State judiciary • L • LGBT • Labor • Law enforcement • Legislatures • M • Marijuana • Marriage • Minimum wage • Mottos • Municipal government • N • Natural resources • P • Pensions • Property • Public finance • R • Recall • Redistricting • Race and ethnicity • Religion • Rules about Sunday • S • Salaries of elected officials • Smoking bans • State budgets • State executives • State judiciary • State legislatures • Stem cells • Supermajority requirements • Sundays • T • Taxes • Tobacco • Transportation • U • Unions • Utilities • V • Veterans • W • Wages • War and peace • Water • Welfare

* * *

By type|

Advisory vote • Automatic referral • Bond measure • Commission referral • Constitutional amendment (by initiative) • Constitutional amendment (referred by legislature) • Grand Jury Panels • State statute (by initiative) • State statute (referred by legislature) • Veto referendums

* * *

Forms of direct democracy in the American states

* * *

By year|

2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 • 2013 • 2012 • 2011 • 2010 • 2009 • 2008 • 2007 • 2006 • 2005 • 2004 • 2003 • 2002 • 2001 • 2000 • 1999 • 1998 • 1997 • 1996 • 1995 • 1994 • 1993 • 1992 • 1991 • 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1987 • 1986 • 1985 • 1984 • 1983 • 1982 • 1981 • 1980 • 1979 • 1978 • 1977 • 1976 • 1975 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 • 1971 • 1970 • 1969 • 1968 • 1967 • 1966 • 1965 • 1964 • 1963 • 1962 • 1961 • 1960 • 1959 • 1958 • 1957 • 1956 • 1955 • 1954 • 1953 • 1952 • 1951 • 1950 • 1949 • 1948 • 1947 • 1946 • 1945 • 1944 • 1943 • 1942 • 1941 • 1940 • 1939 • 1938 • 1937 • 1936 • 1935 • 1934 • 1933 • 1932 • 1931 • 1930 • 1929 • 1928 • 1927 • 1926 • 1925 • 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 • 1920 • 1919 • 1918 • 1917 • 1916 • 1915 • 1914 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911 • 1910 • 1909 • 1908 • 1907 • 1906 • 1905 • 1904 • 1903 • 1902 • 1901 • 1900

* * *

Other|

State Ballot Measure Monthly reports • Features of official voter guides • Ballot measures cost per required signatures analysis • 2022 ballot measure campaign finance • 2022 ballot language readability analysis

1. ↑ The totals below could contain duplications from campaigns working on multiple ballot measure efforts.