Supreme Court cases, October term 2020-2021

* Justices
* CHIEF JUSTICE JOHN ROBERTS
* ASSOCIATE JUSTICES
* SAMUEL ALITO
* AMY CONEY BARRETT
* NEIL GORSUCH
* KETANJI BROWN JACKSON
* ELENA KAGAN
* BRETT KAVANAUGH
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* CASES BY TERM
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* Supreme Court cases, October term 2022-2023
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2021-2022
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2020-2021
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2019-2020
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2018-2019
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2017-2018
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2016-2017
* Supreme Court cases, October term 2015-2016
* All earlier cases
* HISTORY OF THE COURT
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* Recent vacancies
* 2022 VACANCY AND JACKSON CONFIRMATION
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* 2017 VACANCY AND GORSUCH CONFIRMATION

SCOTUS

Cases by term

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Judgeships
Posts: 9
Judges: 9
Judges
Chief: John Roberts
Active: Clarence Thomas • Stephen Breyer • Samuel Alito • Sonia Sotomayor • Elena Kagan • Neil Gorsuch • Brett Kavanaugh • Amy Coney Barrett

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the country and leads the judicial branch of the federal government. It is often referred to by the acronym SCOTUS.[1]

The Supreme Court began hearing cases for the term on October 5, 2020. The court's yearly term begins on the first Monday in October and lasts until the first Monday in October the following year. The court generally releases the majority of its decisions in mid-June.[2]

The court heard all oral arguments in cases accepted for the term remotely via teleconference and provided live audio streams of the argument sessions. The court made the decision in accordance with public health guidance in response to COVID-19.[3][4][5][6][7][8] Click here for more information about the court's response to the coronavirus pandemic.

The court issued 67 opinions during its 2020-2021 term. Two cases were decided in one consolidated opinion. Ten cases were decided without argument. Click here for more information on the court's opinions.

The court agreed to hear 62 cases during its 2020-2021 term. Of those, 12 were originally scheduled for the 2019-2020 term but were delayed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Five cases were removed from the argument calendar.

See the sections below for additional information on the October 2020 term of the Supreme Court of the United States.

1. Cases by circuit: This section lists the cases being heard by court of origination (e.g., federal appellate courts, federal district courts, state courts, etc.).
2. Cases by sitting: This section lists the cases being heard by date of oral argument.
3. Cases by date of opinion: This section lists the cases by the date the court released an opinion.
4. Noteworthy court announcements and emergency appeals: This section provides details on noteworthy court announcements and emergency appeals.
5. Term data: This section provides information on the cases SCOTUS decided, including case names, decisions, vote totals, opinion authors, and courts of origination. It also includes information on SCOTUS case reversal rates.
6. Case history: This section provides information on previous SCOTUS terms.

## Cases by circuit[edit]

Article III, Section 2 of the United States Constitution establishes the court's jurisdiction. The court has original jurisdiction—when it is the first and only to hear a case—and appellate jurisdiction—when it reviews the decisions of lower courts.[9]

Parties petition SCOTUS to hear a case if they are not satisfied with a lower court's decision. The parties petition the court to grant a writ of certiorari. A writ of certiorari is an "order issued by the U.S. Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case it will hear on appeal."[9][10]

### Circuits[edit]

# 1st Circuit[edit]

* Caniglia v. Strom

# 2nd Circuit[edit]

* FNU Tanzin v. Tanvir
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (Decided without argument)
* Goldman Sachs Group Inc. v. Arkansas Teacher Retirement System

# 3rd Circuit[edit]

* Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* Carney v. Adams
* FCC v. Prometheus Radio Project (Consolidated with National Association of Broadcasters v. Prometheus Radio Project)
* Sanchez v. Mayorkas[11]
* Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
* PennEast Pipeline Co. v. New Jersey

# 4th Circuit[edit]

* Albence v. Guzman Chavez
* BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
* United States v. Gary

# 5th Circuit[edit]

* Salinas v. United States Railroad Retirement Board
* California v. Texas (Consolidated with Texas v. California)
* Edwards v. Vannoy
* Henry Schein Inc. v. Archer and White Sales Inc.
* Collins v. Yellen (Consolidated with Yellen v. Collins)[12] (Consolidated with Mnuchin v. Collins)
* Taylor v. Riojas (Decided without argument)
* Mckesson v. Doe (Decided without argument)
* City of San Antonio, Texas v. Hotels.com, L.P.

# 6th Circuit[edit]

* Borden v. United States
* Brownback v. King
* CIC Services v. Internal Revenue Service
* Niz-Chavez v. Garland[13]
* Mays v. Hines (Decided without argument)

# 7th Circuit[edit]

* City of Chicago, Illinois v. Fulton

# 8th Circuit[edit]

* Pereida v. Barr
* Rutledge v. Pharmaceutical Care Management Association

# 9th Circuit[edit]

* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
* Nestlé USA v. Doe I (Consolidated with Cargill v. Doe I)
* Facebook v. Duguid
* AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission
* Garland v. Dai (Consolidated with Garland v. Alcaraz-Enriquez)[14]
* Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee (Consolidated with Arizona Republican Party v. Democratic National Committee)
* Wolf v. Innovation Law Lab
* Trump v. Sierra Club
* United States v. Cooley
* Shinn v. Kayer (Decided without argument)
* TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez
* National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (Consolidated with American Athletic Conference v. Alston)
* Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid
* United States v. Palomar-Santiago
* Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta[15] (Consolidated with Thomas More Law Center v. Bonta)
* Tandon v. Newsom (Decided without argument)
* Alaska v. Wright (Decided without argument)

# 10th Circuit[edit]

* Torres v. Madrid
* Carr v. Saul (Consolidated with Davis v. Saul)
* HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining, LLC v. Renewable Fuels Association

# 11th Circuit[edit]

* Van Buren v. United States
* Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
* Greer v. United States
* Terry v. United States

# D.C. Circuit[edit]

* Republic of Hungary v. Simon
* Federal Republic of Germany v. Philipp
* Department of Justice v. House Committee on the Judiciary
* Cochran v. Gresham (Consolidated with Arkansas v. Gresham)
* Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation[16] (Consolidated with Alaska Native Village Corporation Association v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation)
* Guam v. United States

# Federal Circuit[edit]

* Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc.
* United States v. Arthrex Inc. (Consolidated with Smith & Nephew Inc. v. Arthrex Inc. and Arthrex Inc. v. Smith & Nephew Inc.)
* Minerva Surgical Inc. v. Hologic Inc.

# Armed Forces[edit]

* United States v. Collins (Consolidated with United States v. Briggs)

# State and district courts[edit]

* Jones v. Mississippi
* Ford Motor Company v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court (Consolidated with Ford Motor Company v. Bandemer)
* Lange v. California
* Trump v. New York

# Original jurisdiction[edit]

* Texas v. New Mexico
* Florida v. Georgia

### Where are the cases coming from?[edit]

List of cases by court of origination - 2020-2021 term

Court  | Number of cases
United States Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit | 1
United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit | 2
United States Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit | 6
United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit | 3
United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit | 6
United States Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit | 4
United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit | 1
United States Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit | 2
United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit | 14
United States Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit | 3
United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit | 4
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit | 6
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit | 3
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces | 1
State and district courts | 4
Original jurisdiction | 2
Total | 62
Source: Supreme Court of the United States, "Granted & noted list: October term 2020 cases for argument," accessed February 27, 2020

### Geographic boundaries[edit]

Select a region to learn more about its court of appeals.

Beyond The Headlines: SCOTUS 101.

View other episodes here.

## Cases by sitting[edit]

SCOTUS' term is divided into sittings, when the justices hear cases.[17]

### October sitting[edit]

October 5, 2020

* Carney v. Adams
* Texas v. New Mexico

October 6, 2020

* Rutledge v. Pharmaceutical Care Management Association
* FNU Tanzin v. Tanvir

October 7, 2020

* Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc.
* Ford Motor Company v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court (Consolidated with Ford Motor Company v. Bandemer)

October 13, 2020

* United States v. Briggs (Consolidated with United States v. Collins)
* City of Chicago, Illinois v. Fulton

October 14, 2020

* Torres v. Madrid
* Pereida v. Barr

### November sitting[edit]

November 2, 2020

* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
* Salinas v. United States Railroad Retirement Board

November 3, 2020

* Jones v. Mississippi
* Borden v. United States

November 4, 2020

* Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

November 9, 2020

* Niz-Chavez v. Garland
* Brownback v. King

November 10, 2020

* California v. Texas (Consolidated with Texas v. California)

### December sitting[edit]

November 30, 2020

* Van Buren v. United States
* Trump v. New York

December 1, 2020

* Nestlé USA v. Doe I (Consolidated Cargill v. Doe I)
* CIC Services v. Internal Revenue Service

December 2, 2020

* Edwards v. Vannoy

December 7, 2020

* Republic of Hungary v. Simon
* Federal Republic of Germany v. Philipp

December 8, 2020

* Facebook v. Duguid
* Henry Schein Inc. v. Archer and White Sales Inc.

December 9, 2020

* Collins v. Yellen (Consolidated with Yellen v. Collins)[18] (Consolidated with Mnuchin v. Collins)

### January sitting[edit]

January 11, 2021

* Johnson v. Guzman Chavez[19]

January 12, 2021

* Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski

January 13, 2021

* AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission

January 19, 2021

* FCC v. Prometheus Radio Project (Consolidated with National Association of Broadcasters v. Prometheus Radio Project)
* BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore

### February sitting[edit]

February 22, 2021

* Florida v. Georgia

February 23, 2021

* Garland v. Dai (Consolidated with Garland v. Alcaraz-Enriquez)

February 24, 2021

* Lange v. California

March 1, 2021

* United States v. Arthrex Inc. (Consolidated with Smith & Nephew Inc. v. Arthrex Inc. and Arthrex Inc. v. Smith & Nephew Inc.)

March 2, 2021

* Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee (Consolidated with Arizona Republican Party v. Democratic National Committee)

March 3, 2021

* Carr v. Saul (Consolidated with Davis v. Saul)

### March sitting[edit]

March 22, 2021

* Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid

March 23, 2021

* United States v. Cooley

March 24, 2021

* Caniglia v. Strom

March 29, 2021

* Goldman Sachs Group Inc. v. Arkansas Teacher Retirement System

March 30, 2021

* TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez

March 31, 2021

* National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (Consolidated with American Athletic Conference v. Alston)

### April sitting[edit]

April 19, 2021

* Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation[20] (Consolidated with Alaska Native Village Corporation Association v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation)
* Sanchez v. Mayorkas[21]

April 20, 2021

* Greer v. United States
* United States v. Gary

April 21, 2021

* City of San Antonio, Texas v. Hotels.com, L.P.
* Minerva Surgical Inc. v. Hologic Inc.

April 26, 2021

* Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta[22] (Consolidated with Thomas More Law Center v. Bonta)
* Guam v. United States

April 27, 2021

* HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining, LLC v. Renewable Fuels Association
* United States v. Palomar-Santiago

April 28, 2021

* Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
* PennEast Pipeline Co. v. New Jersey

### May sitting[edit]

May 4, 2021

* Terry v. United States

### Cases removed from argument calendar[edit]

* Department of Justice v. House Committee on the Judiciary[23]
* Trump v. Sierra Club[24]
* Mayorkas v. Innovation Law Lab[25]
* Cochran v. Gresham (Consolidated with Arkansas v. Gresham)[26][27]

### Cases originally scheduled for the 2019-2020 term[edit]

The following cases were originally scheduled for the 2019-2020 term but were postponed to the 2020-2021 term due to the coronavirus pandemic.

* United States v. Briggs (Consolidated with United States v. Collins)
* Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc.
* FNU Tanzin v. Tanvir
* Carney v. Adams
* Torres v. Madrid
* Pereida v. Barr
* City of Chicago, Illinois v. Fulton
* Texas v. New Mexico
* Ford Motor Company v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court (Consolidated with Ford Motor Company v. Bandemer)
* Rutledge v. Pharmaceutical Care Management Association

### Cases decided without argument[edit]

* Taylor v. Riojas
* Mckesson v. Doe
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo
* Shinn v. Kayer
* Mays v. Hines
* Tandon v. Newsom
* Alaska v. Wright
* Lombardo v. City of St. Louis, Missouri
* Pakdel v. City and County of San Francisco, California
* Dunn v. Reeves

## Cases by date of opinion[edit]

### October[edit]

The court did not deliver opinions in October.

### November[edit]

November 2, 2020

* Taylor v. Riojas (Decided without argument)
* Mckesson v. Doe (Decided without argument)

November 25, 2020

* Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (Decided without argument)

### December[edit]

December 10, 2020

* Rutledge v. Pharmaceutical Care Management Association
* United States v. Collins (Consolidated with United States v. Briggs)
* Carney v. Adams
* FNU Tanzin v. Tanvir

December 14, 2020

* Shinn v. Kayer (Decided without argument)
* Texas v. New Mexico

December 18, 2020

* Trump v. New York

### January[edit]

January 14, 2021

* City of Chicago, Illinois v. Fulton

January 25, 2021

* Henry Schein Inc. v. Archer and White Sales Inc.

### February[edit]

February 3, 2021

* Salinas v. United States Railroad Retirement Board
* Republic of Hungary v. Simon
* Federal Republic of Germany v. Philipp

February 25, 2021

* Brownback v. King

### March[edit]

March 4, 2021

* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
* Pereida v. Barr

March 8, 2021

* Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski

March 25, 2021

* Ford Motor Company v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court (Consolidated with Ford Motor Company v. Bandemer)
* Torres v. Madrid

March 29, 2021

* Mays v. Hines (Decided without argument)

### April[edit]

April 1, 2021

* Florida v. Georgia
* FCC v. Prometheus Radio Project (Consolidated with National Association of Broadcasters v. Prometheus Radio Project)
* Facebook v. Duguid

April 5, 2021

* Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc.

April 9, 2021

* Tandon v. Newsom (Decided without argument)

April 22, 2021

* Jones v. Mississippi
* Carr v. Saul (Consolidated with Davis v. Saul)
* AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission

April 26, 2021

* Alaska v. Wright (Decided without argument)

April 29, 2021

* Niz-Chavez v. Garland

### May[edit]

May 17, 2021

* Edwards v. Vannoy
* BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
* CIC Services v. Internal Revenue Service
* Caniglia v. Strom

May 24, 2021

* United States v. Palomar-Santiago
* Guam v. United States

May 27, 2021

* City of San Antonio, Texas v. Hotels.com, L.P.

### June[edit]

June 1, 2021

* Garland v. Dai (Consolidated with Garland v. Alcaraz-Enriquez)
* United States v. Cooley

June 3, 2021

* Van Buren v. United States

June 7, 2021

* Sanchez v. Mayorkas

June 10, 2021

* Borden v. United States

June 14, 2021

* Greer v. United States
* United States v. Gary
* Terry v. United States

June 17, 2021

* Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* California v. Texas (Consolidated with Texas v. California)
* Nestlé USA v. Doe I (Consolidated with Cargill v. Doe I)

June 21, 2021

* Goldman Sachs Group Inc. v. Arkansas Teacher Retirement System
* National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (Consolidated with American Athletic Conference v. Alston)
* United States v. Arthrex Inc. (Consolidated with Smith & Nephew Inc. v. Arthrex Inc. and Arthrex Inc. v. Smith & Nephew Inc.)

June 23, 2021

* Lange v. California
* Collins v. Yellen (Consolidated with Yellen v. Collins)[28]
* Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
* Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid

June 25, 2021

* TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez
* HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining, LLC v. Renewable Fuels Association
* Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation (Consolidated with Alaska Native Village Corporation Association v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation)

June 28, 2021

* Lombardo v. City of St. Louis, Missouri (Decided without argument)
* Pakdel v. City and County of San Francisco, California (Decided without argument)

June 29, 2021

* Johnson v. Guzman Chavez[29]
* Minerva Surgical Inc. v. Hologic Inc.
* PennEast Pipeline Co. v. New Jersey

### July[edit]

July 1, 2021

* Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee (Consolidated with Arizona Republican Party v. Democratic National Committee)
* Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta[30] (Consolidated with Thomas More Law Center v. Bonta)

July 2, 2021

* Dunn v. Reeves (Decided without argument)

## Response to the coronavirus pandemic[edit]

Coronavirus pandemic
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See also: Documenting America's Path to Recovery

### Changes to argument and opinion schedule[edit]

#### Court announces teleconferences for April, May sittings[edit]

On April 9, 2021, the court announced it would hear oral arguments via teleconference for its April and May sittings. The arguments followed the same format the court used for its March sitting.[8][31]

#### Court announces teleconferences for March sitting[edit]

On February 24, 2021, the court announced it would hear oral arguments via teleconference for its March sitting. The arguments followed the same format the court used for its February sitting.[7]

#### Court announces teleconferences for February sitting[edit]

On January 22, 2021, the court announced it would hear oral arguments via teleconference for its February sitting. The arguments followed the same format the court used for its January sitting.[6][32]

#### Court announces teleconferences for January sitting[edit]

On January 5, 2021, the court announced it would hear oral arguments via teleconference for its January sitting. The arguments followed the same format the court used for its December sitting.[5]

#### Court announces teleconferences for November and December sittings[edit]

On October 9, 2020, the court announced it would hear oral arguments via teleconference for its November and December sittings. The arguments followed the same format the court used for its October 2020 and May 2019 sittings.[4] Click here for more information on the cases the court decided to hear in November and December 2020.

#### Court announces teleconferences for October sitting[edit]

On September 16, 2020, the court announced it would hear oral arguments via teleconference for its October sitting following the same format that was used during its May sitting in the 2019-2020 term. The court announced that a live audio feed would be made available to the public as it was during the 2019-2020 May sitting.[3] Click here for more information on the cases the court decided to hear in October 2020.

For more information on the court's response to the coronavirus pandemic during its October 2019-2020 term, click here.

## Noteworthy court announcements[edit]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in October 2021.

#### Justice Sotomayor denies request to halt enforcement of New York City vaccine mandate[edit]

* October 1, 2021: Justice Sonia Sotomayor denied a request from four teachers and teaching assistants in New York City to halt enforcement of the city’s vaccine mandate for public school employees pending the results of their legal challenge in lower courts. The mandate requires that public school employees must be vaccinated for COVID-19 by October 1, or be placed on unpaid leave until September 2022. The challengers alleged that the mandate is discriminatory on the basis that some city employees may remain employed without being vaccinated if they receive weekly coronavirus tests. The request was denied without being referred to the full court. Justice Sotomayor was the assigned circuit justice in New York.[33][34][35]

#### Justice Kavanaugh tests positive for coronavirus[edit]

* October 1, 2021: SCOTUS announced that Justice Brett Kavanaugh tested positive for coronavirus. The court stated that Kavanaugh tested positive on Thursday, September 30, following a routine test, adding that he was asymptomatic and had been fully vaccinated since January 2021. Kavanaugh would not attend the October 1 investiture ceremony for Justice Amy Coney Barrett. Kavanaugh and the other eight justices had tested negative as of Monday, September 27, prior to the justices’ conference.[36][37]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in September 2021.

#### Court rejects appeal to block execution[edit]

* September 28, 2021: In the case Rhoades v. Martinez, SCOTUS rejected an appeal to block the execution of Texas inmate Rick Rhoades. Rhoades was sentenced to death after being convicted in the 1991 stabbing deaths of two brothers. After the court turned down Rhoades' appeal, Rhoades was executed by lethal injection.[38][39]

#### Court postpones execution[edit]

* September 8, 2021: In the case Ramirez v. Collier, SCOTUS granted John Ramirez's application for a stay of execution and granted a petition for a writ of certiorari to hear arguments in the case on its merits docket during the 2021-2022 term. Ramirez was sentenced to death for a murder conviction. Ramirez requested to have his pastor be permitted to pray aloud and physically touch him in the execution chamber while the sentence was carried out. The State of Texas refused the request. Ramirez argued that the denial was a violation of his constitutional rights and of federal protections for inmates' religious rights. The state argued that it did not force Ramirez to violate his religion, rather it declined to accommodate all of his religious needs.[40][41][42][43]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in August 2021.

#### Court rejects emergency appeal to Texas law banning abortions after six weeks of pregnancy[edit]

* August 31, 2021-September 1, 2021: SCOTUS did not respond to an emergency appeal filed by a group of abortion providers seeking to block enforcement of a Texas law that banned abortion procedures after six weeks of pregnancy and authorized private civil right of action related to violations of the law. The latter authorization allowed private citizens to bring civil actions against individuals for aiding a patient with getting an abortion. The bill, S.B. 8, was signed into law on May 19, 2021, by Governor Greg Abbott (R). The appellants argued that the law violated the Supreme Court’s rulings in Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), establishing the constitutional right to have an abortion before the point of fetal viability approximately 24 weeks into a pregnancy. The emergency appeal was submitted through the United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit to Justice Samuel Alito, who was assigned to the circuit and responsible for reviewing emergency appeals. As the circuit justice, Alito was authorized to respond to the request himself or refer the matter to the full court for consideration.[44][45][46]

On September 1, the court issued a 5-4 ruling denying the request to block enforcement of the Texas law. In the unsigned opinion, the court ruled:[47][48]
“  | The applicants now before us have raised serious questions regarding the constitutionality of the Texas law at issue. But their application also presents complex and novel antecedent procedural questions on which they have not carried their burden. ... And it is unclear whether the named defendants in this lawsuit can or will seek to enforce the Texas law against the applicants in a manner that might permit our intervention. ... The State has represented that neither it nor its executive employees possess the authority to enforce the Texas law either directly or indirectly. Nor is it clear whether, under existing precedent, this Court can issue an injunction against state judges asked to decide a lawsuit under Texas’s law. Finally, the sole private-citizen respondent before us has filed an affidavit stating that he has no present intention to enforce the law. In light of such issues, we cannot say the applicants have met their burden to prevail in an injunction or stay application. In reaching this conclusion, we stress that we do not purport to resolve definitively any jurisdictional or substantive claim in the applicants’ lawsuit. In particular, this order is not based on any conclusion about the constitutionality of Texas’s law, and in no way limits other procedurally proper challenges to the Texas law, including in Texas state courts.[49] | ”

|
|

Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan would have granted the application and filed dissenting opinions.[47]

In his dissent, joined by Justices Breyer and Kagan, Chief Justice Roberts wrote:[47]
“  | The statutory scheme before the Court is not only unusual, but unprecedented. The legislature has imposed a prohibition on abortions after roughly six weeks, and then

essentially delegated enforcement of that prohibition to the populace at large. The desired consequence appears to be to insulate the State from responsibility for implementing and enforcing the regulatory regime. ...[49]

| ”

|
|

—Chief Justice John Roberts

In his dissent, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Kagan, Justice Breyer wrote:[47]
“  | I recognize that Texas’s law delegates the State’s power to prevent abortions not to one person (such as a district attorney) or to a few persons (such as a group of government officials or private citizens) but to any person. But I do not see why that fact should make a critical legal difference. That delegation still threatens to invade a constitutional right, and the coming into effect of that delegation still threatens imminent harm.[49] | ”

|
|

—Justice Stephen Breyer

In her dissent, joined by Justices Breyer and Kagan, Justice Sotomayor wrote:[47]
“  | The Court’s order is stunning. Presented with an application to enjoin a flagrantly unconstitutional law engineered to prohibit women from exercising their constitutional rights and evade judicial scrutiny, a majority of Justices have opted to bury their heads in the sand. Last night, the Court silently acquiesced in a State’s enactment of a law that flouts nearly 50 years of federal precedents. Today, the Court belatedly explains that it declined to grant relief because of procedural complexities of the State’s own invention. Ante, at 1. Because the Court’s failure to act rewards tactics designed to avoid judicial review and inflicts significant harm on the applicants and on women seeking abortions in Texas, I dissent.[49] | ”

|
|

—Justice Sonia Sotomayor

In her dissent, joined by Justices Breyer and Sotomayor, Justice Kagan wrote:[47]
“  | Without full briefing or argument, and after less than 72 hours’ thought, this Court greenlights the operation of Texas’s patently unconstitutional law banning most abortions. The Court thus rewards Texas’s scheme to insulate its law from judicial review by deputizing private parties to carry out unconstitutional restrictions on the State’s behalf. As of last night, and because of this Court’s ruling, Texas law prohibits abortions for the vast majority of women who seek them—in clear, and indeed undisputed, conflict with Roe and Casey.

Today’s ruling illustrates just how far the Court’s “shadow-docket” decisions may depart from the usual principles of appellate process. That ruling, as everyone must agree, is of great consequence. Yet the majority has acted without any guidance from the Court of Appeals—which is right now considering the same issues. It has reviewed only the most cursory party submissions, and then only hastily. And it barely bothers to explain its conclusion—that a challenge to an obviously unconstitutional abortion regulation backed by a wholly unprecedented enforcement scheme is unlikely to prevail. In all these ways, the majority’s decision is emblematic of too much of this Court’s shadow-docket decisionmaking—which every day becomes more unreasoned, inconsistent, and impossible to defend. I respectfully dissent.[49]

| ”

|
|

—Justice Elena Kagan

#### Court issues ruling on federal eviction moratorium[edit]

* August 26, 2021: In a 6-3 per curiam ruling, SCOTUS granted an application, filed by the Alabama Association of REALTORS et al, to vacate the nationwide moratorium on evictions of tenants living in a county experiencing substantial or high levels of COVID–19 transmission and who make declarations of financial need. The moratorium was imposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in response to the coronavirus pandemic. In the unsigned opinion, the court stated, "If a federally imposed eviction moratorium is to continue, Congress must specifically authorize it. The application to vacate stay presented to THE CHIEF JUSTICE and by him referred to the Court is granted." Justice Stephen Breyer filed a dissenting opinion, joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan. In his dissent, Justice Breyer wrote:[50][51]
“  | The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued an order that, in light of the rise of the COVID–19 Delta variant, temporarily prohibits certain evictions in high-transmission counties through October 3. Today, this Court, as an emergency matter, without full briefing or argument, blocks that order by vacating a lower court’s stay. I think the Court is wrong to do so, and I dissent.[49] | ”

|
|

—Justice Stephen Breyer

#### Court rejects application for stay of Trump administration "remain in Mexico" policy[edit]

* August 24, 2021: SCOTUS denied the Biden administration's application for a stay, or a halt, of a United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas injunction requiring the reinstatement of a Trump administration program referred to as the "remain in Mexico" policy. The policy requires asylum seekers to remain in Mexico while awaiting a U.S. immigration court hearing. In the order, it was stated that Justices Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan would have granted the application.[52][53]

#### Justice Barrett denies request for injunction of groundbreaking for Obama presidential library[edit]

* August 20, 2021: Justice Amy Coney Barrett denied a request for an application for injunctive relief filed by Protect Our Parks, Inc. The application requested that the court block the groundbreaking construction and excavation related to building the Obama Presidential Center in Jackson Park in Chicago, Illinois.[54][55]

#### Court issues ruling on state eviction moratorium[edit]

* August 12, 2021: In a 6-3 per curiam ruling, SCOTUS granted an application for injunctive relief filed by a group of landlords in New York. The application requested that the court lift part of a state moratorium on residential evictions–Part A of the COVID Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act (CEEFPA)–established in 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Justice Stephen Breyer filed a dissenting opinion, joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan.[56][57] In his dissent, Justice Breyer stated:[56]
“  | First, the legal rights at issue in this case are not “indisputably clear.”

... Second, applicants have not shown that critical or exigent circumstances justify our intervention.

... Third, the public interest weighs in favor of respecting New York's "especially broad" latitude "to act in areas fraught with medical and scientific uncertainties."[49]

| ”

|
|

#### Justice Barrett denies request related to university vaccine requirement[edit]

* August 12, 2021: Justice Amy Coney Barrett denied a request for an application for injunctive relief filed by a group of students at Indiana University. The application requested that the court block the school’s COVID-19 vaccine requirement for students. The request was denied without being referred to the full court.[58][59]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in June 2021.

#### Court issues ruling on CDC eviction moratorium[edit]

* June 29, 2021: In a 5-4 vote, SCOTUS allowed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) moratorium on evictions to remain in place through July 31, 2021, when the CDC planned to end the moratorium. In the case Alabama Association of REALTORS v. Department of Health and Human Services, the petitioner submitted an application to the court to vacate the stay. Justices Thomas, Alito, Gorsuch, and Barrett would grant the application. Justice Brett Kavanaugh concurred in the judgment.[60]

#### Decision not to hear cases[edit]

* June 28, 2021:
* SCOTUS denied review in the case Standing Akimbo v. United States. The case originated from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit and concerned federal regulation and taxation of marijuana. Justice Clarence Thomas filed a dissenting opinion from the denial of review.[61]
* SCOTUS also denied review in the case Hernandez v. Peery. The case originated from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit and concerned whether the Ninth Circuit erred by denying a certificate of appealability when lower court judges were divided as to the merits of the case's constitutional question. Justice Sonia Sotomayor filed a dissenting opinion from the denial of review.[61]
* SCOTUS denied a petition for a writ of certiorari in the case Gloucester County School Board v. Grimm, Gavin. The case originated from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit and concerned whether Title IX requires schools to allow transgender students to use restrooms that correspond to their gender identities. Justices Thomas and Samuel Alito would have granted the petition for review.[61][62][63]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in May 2021.

#### Decision not to hear a case[edit]

* May 24, 2021: SCOTUS denied a petition for a writ of certiorari in the case Johnson v. Precythe. The case originated from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit and concerned death-row inmate Ernest Johnson's request to alter his method of execution from lethal injection to a firing squad and contest that the latter is a more humane method of execution in his case. Johnson was missing nearly one-fifth of his brain tissue due to surgical treatment of a brain tumor. He said that the drugs used for lethal injection would risk him severe and protracted seizures.[64] Justice Sonia Sotomayor filed a dissenting opinion from the denial of review, joined by Justices Stephen Breyer and Elena Kagan. Justice Breyer also filed a separate dissent.[65]

#### Decision not to hear a case[edit]

* May 3, 2021: SCOTUS denied a petition for a writ of certiorari in the case Doe v. United States. The case originated from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit and concerned whether a U.S. Military Academy at West Point student-cadet who alleged they were raped by a fellow cadet can sue the federal government under the Federal Tort Claims Act. Justice Clarence Thomas filed a dissenting opinion from the denial of review.[66]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in April 2021.

### Court blocks California state's restrictions on in-home religious gatherings[edit]

* April 9, 2021: In Tandon v. Newsom, SCOTUS granted an injunction blocking California from enforcing restrictions on in-home religious gatherings that had been imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Justice Elena Kagan wrote a dissenting opinion, joined by Justices Stephen Breyer and Sonia Sotomayor, concluding that because the California law treated both secular and religious in-home gatherings equally, the injunction should be denied.[67]

### Decision not to hear a case[edit]

* April 5, 2021: SCOTUS denied a petition for a writ of certiorari in the case Small v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water.[68] The case originated from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit. The petitioner was Jason Small, a Jehovah’s Witness, who claimed that his employer, Memphis Light, Gas & Water, had violated his civil rights. Small had requested to take vacation time in order to attend religious services and his employer denied the request. Small left work and attended the religious services. Small was suspended without pay for two days following this and other incidents.[69] Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, employers are required to accommodate religious employees so long as the accommodations do not cause "undue hardship." In the case Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison, SCOTUS interpreted the meaning of "undue hardship" to be "more than a de minimis cost."[70] Small asked the court to reconsider the Hardison ruling. The court denied the petition for review. Justice Neil Gorsuch filed a dissent from the denial of review and was joined by Justice Alito.[71]

### Court issues order in Trump tweet case[edit]

* April 5, 2021: SCOTUS vacated the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit's ruling in Biden v. Knight First Amendment Institute and remanded the case back to the 2nd Circuit so that the case could be dismissed as moot due to the change in presidential administrations. When the case was first accepted for arguments, it was named Trump v. Knight First Amendment Institute. The case concerned whether President Donald Trump (R) violated the First Amendment when he blocked critics on social media platform Twitter while he was president. Justice Clarence Thomas filed a concurring opinion.[72]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in March 2021.

### Court conducts first in-person conference since spring 2020[edit]

* March 19, 2021: The Supreme Court's Public Information Office reported that most of the justices met in person at the court for their regular conference, while some justices participated remotely. A conference is a private meeting of the justices.[73]

### Court announces all justices have been vaccinated[edit]

* March 5, 2021: The Supreme Court's Public Information Office reported that all nine justices had been vaccinated against COVID-19.[74][75]

### Court grants dismissal in case[edit]

* March 4, 2021: The Department of Justice advised SCOTUS that the case Wilkinson v. City and County of San Francisco, which concerned sanctuary cities, should be dismissed. The parties agreed and SCOTUS dismissed the petition for a writ of certiorari.[76]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in February 2021.

### Court denies review in cases[edit]

* February 22, 2021: SCOTUS denied review in the case Bridge Aina Le'a, LLC v. Hawaii Land Use Commission, which involved legal theory regarding regulatory takings. Justice Clarence Thomas filed a dissenting opinion.[77]
* February 22, 2021: SCOTUS denied review in the cases Republican Party of Pennsylvania v. Graffenreid and Corman v. Pennsylvania Democratic Party and dismissed the cases as moot. The cases concerned the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's extension of the mail-in ballot deadline during the 2020 presidential election. Justice Clarence Thomas filed a dissenting opinion. Justice Samuel Alito also filed a dissenting opinion, joined by Justice Neil Gorsuch.[77]

### Court allows release of Trump tax returns[edit]

* February 22, 2021: SCOTUS allowed the release of former President Trump's (R) tax returns to New York prosecutors.[77] For more information on this case, click here.

### Court denies request to vacate stay of execution[edit]

* February 11, 2021: In the case Dunn v. Smith, SCOTUS ruled that the stay of execution for Alabama man Willie Smith must stay in place unless the state allows Smith to have his pastor with him during his execution, upholding the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit's ruling, which had blocked Alabama from executing Smith. Justice Clarence Thomas would grant the application. Justices Elena Kagan, Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Amy Coney Barrett concurred in the denial of the application to vacate the stay of execution.[78]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in January 2021.

### Court allows deportation of Haitian immigrant[edit]

* January 22, 2021: Haitian national Alex Francois entered the United States unlawfully in 1979. He has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, psychosis, and schizophrenia. In 2019, an immigration judge granted Francois' application to stay, or halt, his deportation. The Board of Immigration Appeals remanded the case and the immigration judge reversed its previous ruling and ordered Francois' removal back to Haiti. Francois appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. The immigration officials moved to deport Francois before he could submit his opening brief to the court. Francois filed an emergency appeal with SCOTUS to stop his removal to Haiti and the application was denied. Justice Sonia Sotomayor filed a dissenting opinion.[79]

### Court grants Trump administration request to reinstate medication abortion requirement[edit]

* January 12, 2021: SCOTUS granted the Trump administration's request to reinstate the requirement that mifepristone, a pill used to induce abortion, must be picked up from a health care provider in person. The rule had been waived on July 13, 2020, in federal district court in accordance with public health guidelines related to the coronavirus pandemic. Chief Justice John Roberts concurred in the judgment. Justice Stephen Breyer would deny the application. Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote a dissenting opinion, joined by Justice Elena Kagan.[80]

### Court denies request for stay of execution[edit]

* January 12, 2021: Lisa Montgomery was convicted of murder in 2008. Montgomery was sentenced to death. In January 2021, Montgomery appealed the sentence and the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted a stay of execution. SCOTUS reversed the D.C. Circuit's stay order. Justices Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan said they would have upheld the stay. In a separate case, Montgomery appealed her execution with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit and the court granted the stay. SCOTUS reversed the 8th Circuit's stay order.[81] On January 12, SCOTUS denied Montgomery's application for a stay of execution and for review in her case.[82][83][84][85] Montgomery was the first woman to be executed by the federal government since 1953.[81]

### Court denies review in case[edit]

* January 11, 2021: SCOTUS denied review in the case Bruni v. City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, involving "buffer zones" surrounding abortion clinics.[86] Justice Clarence Thomas wrote in a statement that he agreed with the court's decision and said that the court should take up the issue in a future case.[86]

### Court denies request to stop electoral vote certification[edit]

* January 7, 2021: SCOTUS rejected Rep. Louie Gohmert's (R-TX) appeal to stop the certification of the electoral votes from the 2020 presidential election.[87]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in December 2020.

### Court lifts Colorado state’s limits on attendance at religious services[edit]

* December 15, 2020: SCOTUS blocked the State of Colorado from enforcing attendance limits on religious gatherings that had been imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Justice Elena Kagan wrote a dissenting opinion, joined by Justices Stephen Breyer and Sonia Sotomayor, concluding that the case was moot because Colorado had already lifted the capacity limits.[88]

### Court denies review in cases[edit]

* December 14, 2020: SCOTUS denied review in the case Schwab v. Fish, which asked the court to consider whether federal law and the U.S. Constitution prohibit the state of Kansas from requiring applicants registering to vote to provide proof of U.S. citizenship. Justice Gorsuch took no part in the consideration or decision of the petition.[89]
* The court also denied review in the case Box v. Henderson, which presented the following question: "May a State, consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment due process and equal protection clauses, may adopt a biology-based birth-certificate system that includes a rebuttable presumption that a birth mother’s husband — but not wife — is the child’s biological parent?"[89][90]

### Court rejects complaint to overturn 2020 presidential election results in four states[edit]

* December 11, 2020: In Texas v. Pennsylvania, SCOTUS rejected Texas' application to overturn the 2020 presidential election results in Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The court said Texas did not have legal standing for its complaint and rendered all other related motions as moot.[91][92]

### Court denies request for stay of execution[edit]

* December 10, 2020: Brandon Bernard was an inmate in federal prison who was sentenced to death for his involvement in a carjacking and murder of two youth ministers in Fort Hood, Texas.[93] In an emergency appeal from the U.S. Court of Appeal for the 5th Circuit, Bernard petitioned SCOTUS to stay his execution, alleging that the federal government was able to procure the death sentence in his case by withholding exculpatory evidence and knowingly eliciting false testimony against him.[94] The application was presented to the full court by Justice Samuel Alito. The court denied the request to stay the execution. Justices Stephen Breyer, Elena Kagan, and Sonia Sotomayor would have granted the application and the petition for a writ of certiorari and Justice Sotomayor wrote a dissenting opinion.[94] Bernard was the ninth person to be executed by the federal government since July 2020, when the Trump administration lifted a moratorium on the federal death penalty that was instituted in 2003.[93]

### Court denies request to block Pennsylvania from certifying 2020 presidential election results[edit]

* December 8, 2020: SCOTUS denied Rep. Mike Kelly's (R-PA) request to block the State of Pennsylvania from certifying the 2020 presidential election results.[95]

### Court denies review in case[edit]

* December 7, 2020: SCOTUS denied review in the case Kentucky v. White, which asked the court whether a capital defendant can waive a claim of intellectual disability under Atkins v. Virginia.[96]

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in November 2020.

### Court lifts New York state’s limits on attendance at religious services[edit]

* November 25, 2020: In a 5-4 vote, SCOTUS blocked New York State from enforcing attendance limits on religious gatherings that had been imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Earlier in November, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn and two Orthodox Jewish synagogues filed lawsuits against executive orders issued in October by New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) which limited the number of worshippers to 10 and 25 people in areas classified as red or orange, respectively, due to the number of COVID-19 cases in the immediate area. The five members of the majority were Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett. The majority opinion was not signed, and Gorsuch and Kavanaugh filed separate concurring opinions. Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Stephen Breyer filed dissenting opinions, with Breyer’s opinion joined by justices Elena Kagan, and Sonia Sotomayor.

* Click here for the court's noteworthy announcements in October 2020.

### Court reinstates Alabama's prohibition against curbside voting[edit]

* October 21, 2020: In a 5-3 vote, SCOTUS reinstated Alabama's prohibition against curbside voting. On Sept. 30, Judge Abdul Kallon of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama issued an original order lifting the state's ban on curbside voting. Kallon was appointed by President Barack Obama (D) in 2010. On Oct. 13, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit unanimously affirmed Kallon's ruling. The panel included Judges Adalberto Jordan, Jill Pryor, and Barbara Lagoa. Jordan and Pryor are Obama appointees. Lagoa was appointed by President Donald Trump (R). Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill (R) petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to block Kallon's order. Chief Justice John Roberts and Associate Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, and Brett Kavanaugh voted in Merrill's favor. Associate Justices Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan dissented. The court majority did not release an opinion explaining its reasoning. Sotomayor wrote a dissent, which Breyer and Kagan joined. The five justices in the majority were appointed by Republican presidents. The dissenting justices are Democratic appointees.

### Denied application for stay[edit]

* October 19, 2020: In a 4-4 decision, SCOTUS denied an application to stay a ruling from the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court's ruling had extended the deadline to return mail-in/absentee ballots to three days after Election Day. The Republican Party of Pennsylvania and Republican legislators petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court on September 28, 2020, to block part of the ruling. Chief Justice John Roberts, and Associate Justices Stephen Breyer, Elena Kagan, and Sonia Sotomayor allowed the ruling to stand. Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Neil Gorsuch, and Brett Kavanaugh, indicated they would have granted the application.[97]

### Court rules Trump administration can stop census data collection on Oct. 15, 2020[edit]

* October 13, 2020: SCOTUS blocked an order from a lower court that would have required the Trump administration to continue collecting 2020 census data through the end of October. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals had ruled that census data gathering should continue, but the administration argued that they needed to conclude the count so they could meet the statutory deadline to report the results to the president by December 31.[98] Justice Sotomayor dissented from the Supreme Court's decision, saying "the harms associated with an inaccurate census are avoidable and intolerable.”[99] The Trump administration shut down the My2020Census.gov website on October 15, 2020.[100]

### Decision not to hear a case[edit]

* October 5, 2020: SCOTUS denied a petition for a writ of certiorari in the case Davis v. Ermold. The case originated from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit. The petitioner was Kim Davis, a former county clerk in Rowan County, Kentucky. Davis, in her official capacity as county clerk, refused to issue marriage licenses for same-sex couples citing her religious beliefs. Davis' decision occurred after the Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015).[101] Davis was sued by two same-sex couples for refusing to issue the marriage licenses. On appeal to the 6th Circuit, Davis' claim of qualified immunity was rejected.[102][103] Justice Thomas issued a statement on the denial of certiorari and was joined by Justice Alito. Click here to read the statement. Click here for more information on the case Davis v. Ermold.

## Term data[edit]

### List of cases[edit]

The 2020-2021 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began on October 5, 2020. The following table provides data on the decisions the court delivered during the 2020-2021 term.

2020-2021 SCOTUS term data

Case  | Opinion author  | Decision  | Vote  | Court of origination
Taylor v. Riojas | Per curiam | granted, vacated and remanded | 7-1  | 5th Circuit
Mckesson v. Doe | Per curiam | granted, vacated and remanded | 7-1  | 5th Circuit
Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo | Per curiam | application for injunctive relief granted  | 5-4  | 2nd Circuit
Rutledge v. Pharmaceutical Care Management Association | Sonia Sotomayor | reversed and remanded | 8-0  | 8th Circuit
United States v. Collins (Consolidated with United States v. Briggs)  | Samuel Alito | reversed and remanded | 8-0  | United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
Carney v. Adams | Stephen Breyer | vacated and remanded | 8-0  | 3rd Circuit
FNU Tanzin v. Tanvir | Clarence Thomas | affirmed | 8-0  | 2nd Circuit
Shinn v. Kayer | Per curiam | vacated and remanded | 6-3  | 9th Circuit
Texas v. New Mexico | Brett Kavanaugh | motion denied  | 7-1  | Original jurisdiction
Trump v. New York | Per curiam | vacated and remanded | 6-3  | Southern District of New York
City of Chicago, Illinois v. Fulton | Samuel Alito | vacated and remanded | 8-0  | 7th Circuit
Henry Schein Inc. v. Archer and White Sales Inc. | Per curiam | Dismissed  | NA  | 5th Circuit
Salinas v. United States Railroad Retirement Board | Sonia Sotomayor | reversed and remanded | 5-4  | 5th Circuit
Republic of Hungary v. Simon | Per curiam | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | D.C. Circuit
Federal Republic of Germany v. Philipp | John Roberts | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | D.C. Circuit
Brownback v. King | Clarence Thomas | reversed | 9-0  | 6th Circuit
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club | Amy Coney Barrett | reversed and remanded | 7-2  | 9th Circuit
Pereida v. Barr | Neil Gorsuch | affirmed | 5-3  | 8th Circuit
Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski | Clarence Thomas | reversed and remanded | 8-1  | 11th Circuit
Ford Motor Company v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court (Consolidated with Ford Motor Company v. Bandemer)  | Elena Kagan | affirmed | 8-0  | Montana Supreme Court
Torres v. Madrid | John Roberts | vacated and remanded | 5-3  | United States Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit
Mays v. Hines | Per curiam | reversed | 8-1  | 6th Circuit
Florida v. Georgia | Amy Coney Barrett | Exceptions overruled, case dismissed  | 9-0  | Original jurisdiction
FCC v. Prometheus Radio Project (Consolidated with National Association of Broadcasters v. Prometheus Radio Project)  | Brett Kavanaugh | reversed | 9-0  | 3rd Circuit
Facebook v. Duguid | Sonia Sotomayor | reversed and remanded | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc. | Stephen Breyer | reversed and remanded | 6-2  | Federal Circuit
Tandon v. Newsom | Per curiam | Application for injunctive relief granted  | 5-4  | 9th Circuit
Jones v. Mississippi | Brett Kavanaugh | affirmed | 6-3  | Mississippi Court of Appeals
Carr v. Saul (Consolidated with Davis v. Saul)  | Sonia Sotomayor | reversed and remanded | 9-0  | 10th Circuit
AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission | Stephen Breyer | reversed and remanded | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
Alaska v. Wright | Per curiam | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
Niz-Chavez v. Garland | Neil Gorsuch | reversed | 6-3  | 6th Circuit
Edwards v. Vannoy | Brett Kavanaugh | affirmed | 6-3  | 5th Circuit
BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore | Neil Gorsuch | vacated and remanded | 7-1  | 4th Circuit
CIC Services v. Internal Revenue Service | Elena Kagan | reversed and remanded | 9-0  | 6th Circuit
Caniglia v. Strom | Clarence Thomas | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | 1st Circuit
United States v. Palomar-Santiago | Sonia Sotomayor | reversed and remanded | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
Guam v. United States | Clarence Thomas | reversed and remanded | 9-0  | D.C. Circuit
City of San Antonio, Texas v. Hotels.com, L.P. | Samuel Alito | affirmed | 9-0  | 5th Circuit
Garland v. Dai (Consolidated with Garland v. Alcaraz-Enriquez)  | Neil Gorsuch | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
United States v. Cooley | Stephen Breyer | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
Van Buren v. United States | Amy Coney Barrett | reversed and remanded | 6-3  | 11th Circuit
Sanchez v. Mayorkas | Elena Kagan | affirmed | 9-0  | 3rd Circuit
Borden v. United States | Elena Kagan | reversed and remanded | 5-4  | 6th Circuit
Greer v. United States | Brett Kavanaugh | affirmed | 9-0  | 11th Circuit
United States v. Gary | Brett Kavanaugh | reversed | 8-1  | 4th Circuit
Terry v. United States | Clarence Thomas | affirmed | 9-0  | 11th Circuit
California v. Texas (Consolidated with Texas v. California)  | Stephen Breyer | reversed and remanded | 7-2  | 5th Circuit
Nestlé USA v. Doe I (Consolidated with Cargill v. Doe I)  | Clarence Thomas | reversed and remanded | 8-1  | 9th Circuit
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | John Roberts | reversed and remanded | 9-0  | 3rd Circuit
United States v. Arthrex Inc. (Consolidated with Smith & Nephew Inc. v. Arthrex Inc. and Arthrex Inc. v. Smith & Nephew Inc.)  | John Roberts | vacated and remanded | 5-4  | Federal Circuit
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. v. Arkansas Teacher Retirement System | Amy Coney Barrett | vacated and remanded | 8-1  | 2nd Circuit
National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (Consolidated with American Athletic Conference v. Alston)  | Neil Gorsuch | affirmed | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
Lange v. California | Elena Kagan | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | California First District Court of Appeal
Collins v. Yellen (Consolidated with Yellen v. Collins)  | Samuel Alito | affirmed in part, reversed in part, vacated in part, and remanded | 7-2  | 5th Circuit
Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. | Stephen Breyer | affirmed | 8-1  | 3rd Circuit
Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid | John Roberts | reversed and remanded | 6-3  | 9th Circuit
TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez | Brett Kavanaugh | reversed and remanded | 5-4  | 9th Circuit
HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining, LLC v. Renewable Fuels Association | Neil Gorsuch | reversed | 6-3  | 10th Circuit
Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation (Consolidated with Alaska Native Village Corporation Association v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation)  | Sonia Sotomayor | reversed and remanded | 6-3  | D.C. Circuit
Lombardo v. City of St. Louis, Missouri | Per curiam | vacated and remanded | 6-3  | 8th Circuit
Pakdel v. City and County of San Francisco, California | Per curiam | vacated and remanded | 9-0  | 9th Circuit
Minerva Surgical Inc. v. Hologic Inc. | Elena Kagan | vacated and remanded | 5-4  | Federal Circuit
Johnson v. Guzman Chavez[104] | Samuel Alito | reversed | 6-3  | 4th Circuit
PennEast Pipeline Co. v. New Jersey | John Roberts | reversed and remanded | 5-4  | 3rd Circuit
Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee (Consolidated with Arizona Republican Party v. Democratic National Committee)  | Samuel Alito | reversed and remanded | 6-3  | 9th Circuit
Americans for Prosperity v. Bonta[105] (Consolidated with Thomas More Law Center v. Bonta)  | John Roberts | reversed and remanded | 6-3  | 9th Circuit
Dunn v. Reeves (Decided without argument)  | Per curiam | reversed and remanded | 6-3  | 11th Circuit

### Precedent alteration[edit]

The Washington University in St. Louis Law School (WashU Law) maintains a database of Supreme Court cases. In its database, a case is considered to have formally altered existing Court precedent if at least one of the following applies to the case:[106]

* The majority opinion of the Court explicitly references a previous case and overturns its precedent;
* A dissent contains persuasive evidence that the opinion of the Court, despite not mentioning overturned precedent, has overruled a previous precedent set by the Court;
* If the Court, in a later decision, references an earlier decision that the Court made, and states that said earlier decision was a case overturning precedent, that earlier case will be marked as altering precedent;
* Or, the majority opinion mentions precedent and states that it "disapproved" of the decision, or that the precedent is "no longer good law."

The following table details for each term of The Roberts Court how many and which cases were found to formally alter precedent:[107]

SCOTUS precedent alteration during the Roberts Court

Court term  | # of cases altering precedent  | % of cases altering precedent  | List of cases altering precedent
2024-2025 | 0 of 67  | 0.0%  | N/A
2023-2024 | 1 of 62  | 1.6%  | Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo
2022-2023 | 1 of 62  | 1.6%  | Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard
2021-2022 | 3 of 69  | 4.3%  | Shinn v. Ramirez / Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization / Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
2020-2021 | 1 of 74  | 1.4%  | Edwards v. Vannoy
2019-2020 | 1 of 74  | 1.4%  | Ramos v. Louisiana
2018-2019 | 4 of 78  | 5.1%  | Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania / Herrera v. Wyoming / Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt / Rucho v. Common Cause
2017-2018 | 3 of 79  | 3.8%  | Trump v. Hawaii / South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. / Janus v. AFSCME
2016-2017 | 0 of 81  | 0.0%  | N/A
2015-2016 | 1 of 84  | 1.2%  | Hurst v. Florida
2014-2015  | 2 of 79  | 2.5%  | Johnson v. United States / Obergefell v. Hodges
2013-2014  | 0 of 75  | 0.0%  | N/A
2012-2013  | 1 of 79  | 1.3%  | Allen v. United States
2011-2012  | 0 of 80  | 0.0%  | N/A
2010-2011  | 1 of 86  | 1.2%  | Bond v. United States
2009-2010  | 2 of 94  | 2.1%  | McDonald v. Chicago / Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
2008-2009  | 2 of 83  | 2.4%  | Jesse Jay Montejo v. Louisiana / Cordell Pearson, et al. v. Afton Callahan
2007-2008  | 0 of 74  | 0.0%  | N/A
2006-2007  | 5 of 75  | 6.7%  | Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General v. Leroy Carhart, et al. / Bell Atlantic Corporation, et al. v. William Twombly, et al. / Keith Bowles v. Harry Russell, Warden / Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1 / Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.
2005-2006  | 2 of 87  | 2.3%  | Illinois Tool Works Inc., et al. v. Independent Ink, Inc. / Central Virginia Community College, et al. v. Bernard Katz

Note that the WashU Law database does not state how many precedents were overturned with each decision. As such, a case listed as altering a precedent may have affected multiple precedents.

Additionally, if the Court only distinguished a precedent, it was not classified as a precedent-altering case. Distinguishing a precedent involves clarifying a previous precedent rather than changing it.[106]

### Justice alignment[edit]

The following justice alignment table shows justice agreement rates for non-unanimous rulings during the 2020-2021 term. The data does not include agreements in part.

* The highest agreement rate was 77 percent, which applied to the following pairing:
* Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Brett Kavanaugh

* Justice Brett Kavanaugh had the highest average agreement rate with each of the other eight justices at 57 percent

* The lowest agreement rate was 14 percent, which applied to the following pairing:
* Justices Samuel Alito and Sonia Sotomayor

* Justice Sonia Sotomayor had the lowest average agreement rate with each of the other eight justices at 36 percent

### SCOTUS case reversal rates[edit]

See also: SCOTUS case reversal rates (2007 - Present)

Since 2007, the Supreme Court of the United States released opinions in 1,062 cases, averaging between 70 and 90 cases per year. During that period, the Supreme Court reversed a lower court decision 751 times (70.7 percent) and affirmed a lower court decision 303 times (28.5 percent). The vast majority of cases heard by the high court originate in a lower court, such as the 13 appellate circuit courts, state-level courts, and federal district courts. Between 2007 and 2020, the high court decided more cases originating from the Ninth Circuit (207) than from any other circuit.

For more historical term data, click here.

## Active justices[edit]

See also: Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court consists of nine justices. Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg died on September 18, 2020. As such, the 2020-2021 term began with eight justices on October 5, 2020.

President Donald Trump (R) nominated U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit Judge Amy Coney Barrett to succeed Ginsburg. Barrett was confirmed by a 52-48 vote of the U.S. Senate on October 26, 2020. For more information on the 2020 U.S. Supreme Court vacancy and the process to confirm Judge Barrett, click here.

Judge| Born| Home| Appointed by| Active| Preceeded| Law school

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Associate justice
Samuel Alito| April 1, 1950| Trenton, N.J.| W. Bush | January 31, 2006 - Present| Sandra Day O'Connor| Yale Law School, 1975

| Chief justice
John Roberts| January 27, 1955| Buffalo, N.Y.| W. Bush | September 29, 2005 - Present| William Rehnquist| Harvard Law, 1979

| Associate justice
Clarence Thomas| June 23, 1948| Savannah, Ga.| H.W. Bush | July 1, 1991 - Present| Thurgood Marshall| Yale Law School, 1974

| Associate justice
Stephen Breyer| August 15, 1938| San Francisco, Calif.| Clinton | August 3, 1994 - Present| Harry Blackmun| Harvard Law School, 1964

| Associate justice
Elena Kagan| April 28, 1960| New York, N.Y.| Obama | August 7, 2010 - Present| John Paul Stevens| Harvard Law School, J.D., 1986

| Associate justice
Sonia Sotomayor| June 25, 1954| New York, N.Y.| Obama | August 6, 2009 - Present| David Souter| Yale Law School, 1979

| Associate justice
Neil Gorsuch| August 29, 1967| Denver, Colo.| Trump | April 10, 2017 - Present| Antonin Scalia| Harvard Law School, 1991

| Associate justice
Brett Kavanaugh| February 12, 1965| Washington, D.C.| Trump | October 6, 2018 - Present| Anthony Kennedy| Yale Law School, 1990

| Associate justice
Amy Coney Barrett| 1972| New Orleans, La.| Trump | October 26, 2020 - Present| Ruth Bader Ginsburg| Notre Dame Law School, 1997

## Contents

* 1 Cases by circuit
* 1.1 Circuits
* 2 1st Circuit
* 3 2nd Circuit
* 4 3rd Circuit
* 5 4th Circuit
* 6 5th Circuit
* 7 6th Circuit
* 8 7th Circuit
* 9 8th Circuit
* 10 9th Circuit
* 11 10th Circuit
* 12 11th Circuit
* 13 D.C. Circuit
* 14 Federal Circuit
* 15 Armed Forces
* 16 State and district courts
* 17 Original jurisdiction
* 17.1 Where are the cases coming from?
* 17.2 Geographic boundaries
* 17.3 Cases by sitting
* 17.3.1 October sitting
* 17.3.2 November sitting
* 17.3.3 December sitting
* 17.3.4 January sitting
* 17.3.5 February sitting
* 17.3.6 March sitting
* 17.3.7 April sitting
* 17.3.8 May sitting
* 17.3.9 Cases removed from argument calendar
* 17.3.10 Cases originally scheduled for the 2019-2020 term
* 17.3.11 Cases decided without argument
* 17.4 Cases by date of opinion
* 17.4.1 October
* 17.4.2 November
* 17.4.3 December
* 17.4.4 January
* 17.4.5 February
* 17.4.6 March
* 17.4.7 April
* 17.4.8 May
* 17.4.9 June
* 17.4.10 July
* 17.5 Response to the coronavirus pandemic
* 17.5.1 Changes to argument and opinion schedule
* 17.5.1.1 Court announces teleconferences for April, May sittings
* 17.5.1.2 Court announces teleconferences for March sitting
* 17.5.1.3 Court announces teleconferences for February sitting
* 17.5.1.4 Court announces teleconferences for January sitting
* 17.5.1.5 Court announces teleconferences for November and December sittings
* 17.5.1.6 Court announces teleconferences for October sitting
* 17.6 Noteworthy court announcements
* 17.6.1 Justice Sotomayor denies request to halt enforcement of New York City vaccine mandate
* 17.6.2 Justice Kavanaugh tests positive for coronavirus
* 17.6.3 Court rejects appeal to block execution
* 17.6.4 Court postpones execution
* 17.6.5 Court rejects emergency appeal to Texas law banning abortions after six weeks of pregnancy
* 17.6.6 Court issues ruling on federal eviction moratorium
* 17.6.7 Court rejects application for stay of Trump administration "remain in Mexico" policy
* 17.6.8 Justice Barrett denies request for injunction of groundbreaking for Obama presidential library
* 17.6.9 Court issues ruling on state eviction moratorium
* 17.6.10 Justice Barrett denies request related to university vaccine requirement
* 17.6.11 Court issues ruling on CDC eviction moratorium
* 17.6.12 Decision not to hear cases
* 17.6.13 Decision not to hear a case
* 17.6.14 Decision not to hear a case
* 17.6.15 Court blocks California state's restrictions on in-home religious gatherings
* 17.6.16 Decision not to hear a case
* 17.6.17 Court issues order in Trump tweet case
* 17.6.18 Court conducts first in-person conference since spring 2020
* 17.6.19 Court announces all justices have been vaccinated
* 17.6.20 Court grants dismissal in case
* 17.6.21 Court denies review in cases
* 17.6.22 Court allows release of Trump tax returns
* 17.6.23 Court denies request to vacate stay of execution
* 17.6.24 Court allows deportation of Haitian immigrant
* 17.6.25 Court grants Trump administration request to reinstate medication abortion requirement
* 17.6.26 Court denies request for stay of execution
* 17.6.27 Court denies review in case
* 17.6.28 Court denies request to stop electoral vote certification
* 17.6.29 Court lifts Colorado state’s limits on attendance at religious services
* 17.6.30 Court denies review in cases
* 17.6.31 Court rejects complaint to overturn 2020 presidential election results in four states
* 17.6.32 Court denies request for stay of execution
* 17.6.33 Court denies request to block Pennsylvania from certifying 2020 presidential election results
* 17.6.34 Court denies review in case
* 17.6.35 Court lifts New York state’s limits on attendance at religious services
* 17.6.36 Court reinstates Alabama's prohibition against curbside voting
* 17.6.37 Denied application for stay
* 17.6.38 Court rules Trump administration can stop census data collection on Oct. 15, 2020
* 17.6.39 Decision not to hear a case
* 17.7 Term data
* 17.7.1 List of cases
* 17.7.2 Precedent alteration
* 17.7.3 Justice alignment
* 17.7.4 SCOTUS case reversal rates
* 17.8 Active justices
* 17.9 Case history
* 17.9.1 2019-2020 term
* 17.9.2 2018-2019 term
* 17.9.3 2017-2018 term
* 17.9.4 2016-2017 term
* 17.10 See also
* 17.11 External links
* 17.12 Footnotes

## Case history[edit]

### 2019-2020 term[edit]

See also: Supreme Court cases, October term 2019-2020

In the 2019-2020 term, SCOTUS agreed to hear 74 cases. Twelve cases were postponed to the 2020-2021 term, due to the coronavirus pandemic. One case, Sharp v. Murphy, was never scheduled for argument and another case, Walker v. United States, was dismissed without argument after the petitioner died.

The court issued decisions in 62 cases during the 2019-2020 term. Delays from the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 caused the court to release opinions into July for the first time since 1996. Click here for more information.

### 2018-2019 term[edit]

See also: Supreme Court cases, October term 2018-2019

In the 2018-2019 term, SCOTUS agreed to consider 75 cases. The court heard oral argument in 72 cases and decided three cases without argument. Click here for more information.

### 2017-2018 term[edit]

See also: Supreme Court cases, October term 2017-2018

In the 2017-2018 term, SCOTUS agreed to hear 71 cases. Ultimately, the justices heard argument in 69 of those cases. Click here for more information.

### 2016-2017 term[edit]

See also: Supreme Court cases, October term 2016-2017

In the 2016-2017 term, SCOTUS agreed to hear 71 cases. Click here for more information.

The court delivered 61 opinions.

* Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Breyer, Ginsburg, and Kennedy, wrote the most opinions--eight each.
* Justices Alito, Kagan, Sotomayor, and Thomas each wrote seven opinions.
* Justice Gorsuch wrote one opinion.

The court delivered eight per curiam opinions.

## See also[edit]

* History of the Supreme Court

* Supreme Court of the United States

* Read about last year's term

## External links[edit]

| Suggest a link

|

* Search Google News for this topic
* Supreme Court of the United States

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ The New York Times, "On Language' Potus and Flotus," October 12, 1997
2. ↑ SupremeCourt.gov, "A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court," accessed April 20, 2015
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 U.S. Supreme Court, "For Immediate Release," September 16, 2020
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 U.S. Supreme Court, "For immediate release," October 9, 2020
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Supreme Court of the United States, "Media Advisory Regarding February Teleconference Argument Audio," January 22, 2021
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 U.S. Supreme Court, "Media Advisory Regarding February Teleconference Argument Audio," February 12, 2021
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Supreme Court of the United States, "For Immediate Release, February 24, 2021," February 24, 2021
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Supreme Court of the United States, "Media Advisory Regarding Teleconference Argument Audio," April 9, 2021
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Administrative Office of the United States Courts, "Supreme Court Procedures," accessed May 23, 2019
10. ↑ Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, "Understanding the Federal Courts," accessed May 23, 2019
11. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Sanchez v. Wolf.
12. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Collins v. Mnuchin.
13. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Niz-Chavez v. Barr.
14. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Barr v. Dai.
15. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Americans for Prosperity v. Becerra.
16. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Mnuchin v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation.
17. ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, "The Court and Its Procedures," accessed February 27, 2020
18. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Collins v. Mnuchin.
19. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Albence v. Guzman Chavez.
20. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Mnuchin v. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation.
21. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Sanchez v. Wolf.
22. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Americans for Prosperity v. Becerra.
23. ↑ The court initially scheduled oral arguments for this case on December 2, 2020. On November 20, 2020, the court removed this case from its December argument calendar. Supreme Court of the United States, "Order List: 592 U.S.," accessed November 20, 2020
24. ↑ The court initially scheduled oral arguments for this case on February 22, 2021. On February 3, 2021, the court removed this case from its February argument calendar. Supreme Court of the United States, "Order List: 592 U.S.," accessed February 3, 2021
25. ↑ The court initially scheduled oral arguments for this case on March 1, 2021. On February 3, 2021, the court removed this case from its February argument calendar. Supreme Court of the United States, "Order List: 592 U.S.," accessed February 3, 2021
26. ↑ On March 11, the court removed the case from its March 2021 argument calendar following a request from Joe Biden's (D) acting solicitor general Elizabeth Prelogar. The case had been scheduled for argument on March 29, 2021.
27. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court nixes upcoming argument on Medicaid work requirements," March 11, 2021
28. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Collins v. Mnuchin.
29. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Albence v. Guzman Chavez.
30. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Americans for Prosperity v. Becerra.
31. ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, "Press Release Regarding April Oral Argument Session," March 19, 2021
32. ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, "Media Advisory Regarding January Teleconference Argument Audio," January 5, 2021
33. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "No. 21A50 Maniscalco et al. v. New York City Department of Education, et al.,"accessed October 4, 2021
34. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Sotomayor turns down plea to block New York City vaccine mandate," October 1, 2021
35. ↑ Reuters, "U.S. Supreme Court's Sotomayor allows New York school vaccine mandate," October 1, 2021
36. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "For Immediate Release: Press Release Regarding Justice Kavanaugh," October 1, 2021
37. ↑ The Washington Post, "Justice Kavanaugh tests positive for coronavirus," October 1, 2021
38. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "Order in Pending Case," September 28, 2021
39. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court rejects request to postpone Texas execution," September 28, 2021
40. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 594 U.S.) CERTIORARI GRANTED, 21-5592 RAMIREZ, JOHN H. V. COLLIER, BRYAN, ET AL.," September 8, 2021
41. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "No. 21-5592 *** CAPITAL CASE ***," accessed September 9, 2021
42. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court blocks execution, will weigh in on inmate’s religious-liberty claims," September 8, 2021
43. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Ramirez v. Collier," accessed September 9, 2021
44. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "Whole Woman's Health et al v. Jackson et al: EMERGENCY APPLICATION TO JUSTICE ALITO FOR WRIT OF INJUNCTION AND, IN THE ALTERNATIVE, TO VACATE STAYS OF DISTRICT COURT PROCEEDINGS," August 30, 2021
45. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Texas abortion ban goes into effect after justices fail to act," September 1, 2021
46. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Abortion providers ask court to block Texas ban on abortions beginning at six weeks of pregnancy," August 30, 2021
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 U.S. Supreme Court, "Whole Woman's Health et al v. Jackson et al: ON APPLICATION FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF," September 1, 2021
48. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Supreme Court leaves Texas abortion ban in place," September 2, 2021
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
50. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "ALABAMA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS, ET AL. v. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, ET AL.: ON APPLICATION TO VACATE STAY," August 26, 2021
51. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court lifts federal ban on evictions," August 26, 2021
52. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 594 U.S.), 21A21 BIDEN, PRESIDENT OF U.S., ET AL. V. TEXAS, ET AL.," August 24, 2021
53. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court won’t block order requiring reinstatement of “remain in Mexico” policy," August 24, 2021
54. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "Protect Our Parks, Inc., et al v. Buttigieg: Emergency Application for Writ of Injunction, Relief Requested by Monday, August 16, 2021," August 16, 2021
55. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "Docket No. 21A22 Protect Our Parks, Inc., et al., Applicants v. Pete Buttigieg, Secretary of Transportation, et al.," accessed August 20, 2021
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 U.S. Supreme Court, "Chrysafis v. Marks: ON APPLICATION FOR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF," decided August 12, 2021
57. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court partially blocks New York eviction moratorium," August 12, 2021
58. ↑ Twitter.com, "@AHoweBlogger," August 12, 2021
59. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Barrett leaves Indiana University’s vaccine mandate in place," August 12, 2021
60. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, Alabama Association of REALTORS v. Department of Health and Human Services, June 29, 2021
61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 594 U.S.) MONDAY, JUNE 28, 2021," June 28, 2021
62. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Gloucester County School Board v. Grimm," accessed June 28, 2021
63. ↑ The Washington Post, "Supreme Court will not hear transgender bathroom rights dispute, a win for Virginia student who sued his school for discrimination," June 28, 2021
64. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Justices won’t hear Missouri inmate’s request to choose firing squad over lethal injection," May 24, 2021
65. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 593 U.S.) MONDAY, MAY 24 2021 ," May 24, 2021
66. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 593 U.S.) MONDAY, MAY 3, 2021 ," May 3, 2021
67. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, Tandon v. Newsom, decided April 9, 2021
68. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, Small v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water, accessed April 8, 2021
69. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "Small v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water: Petition for a writ of certiorari," accessed April 8, 2021
70. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison, decided June 16, 1977
71. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "Small v. Memphis Light, Gas & Water decided April 5, 2021
72. ↑ ''U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 593 U.S.): MONDAY, APRIL 5, 2021," April 5, 2021
73. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Justices meet in person, but April arguments to continue remotely," March 19, 2021
74. ↑ Twitter.com, "@AHoweBlogger," March 5, 2021
75. ↑ CNN, "All nine Supreme Court justices have been vaccinated," March 5, 2021
76. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "No. 20-666," accessed March 5, 2021
77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 592 U.S.) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2021," February 22, 2021
78. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, Dunn v. Smith, February 11, 2021
79. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, François v. Wilkinson, January 22, 2021
80. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, Food and Drug Administration v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, January 12, 2021
81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 SCOTUSblog, "Reversing several lower courts, justices allow execution of Lisa Montgomery," January 13, 2021
82. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "20 -92 Montgomery v. Rosen," January 12, 2021
83. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "20 A122 Rosen v. Montgomery," January 12, 2021
84. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "20A124 Montgomery v. Watson," January 12, 2021
85. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "20 A12 United States v. Montgomery," January 12, 2021
86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 U.S. Supreme Court, Bruni v. City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, decided January 11, 2021
87. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "20 A115 Gohmert v. Pence," January 7, 2021
88. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, High Plains Harvest Church v. Polis, decided December 15, 2021
89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 U.S. Supreme Court, "(ORDER LIST: 592 U.S.) MONDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2020," December 14, 2020
90. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, Box v. Henderson, accessed February 17, 2021
91. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "155, ORIG. TEXAS V. PENNSYLVANIA, ET AL.," December 11, 2020
92. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "No. 22O155 Texas v. Pennsylvania," accessed February 17, 2021
93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 SCOTUSblog, "Justices refuse to delay execution of Brandon Bernard," December 10, 2020
94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 U.S. Supreme Court, "No. 20A110 (20–6570) Bernard v. United States," decided December 10, 2020
95. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "ORDER LIST: 592 U.S.: TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 2020," December 8, 2020
96. ↑ U.S. Supreme Court, "No. 20-240 *** CAPITAL CASE *** Kentucky v. White," accessed February 16, 2021
97. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Supreme Court leaves in place order requiring Pennsylvania to count absentee ballots after Election Day," October 19, 2020
98. ↑ NBC News, "Supreme Court allows Trump administration to end census count early," October 13, 2020
99. ↑ The New York Times, "Supreme Court Rules That Census Count Can Be Cut Short," October 13, 2020
100. ↑ NPR, "Supreme Court Allows Trump Administration To End Census Counting On Oct. 15," October 13, 2020
101. ↑ On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court held in a 5-4 decision that same-sex marriage is protected under the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the 14th Amendment. Consequently, same-sex marriage bans have been struck down as unconstitutional and same-sex marriages performed out-of-state must be recognized in other states. Justice Anthony Kennedy authored the opinion and Justices Ruth Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan joined.
102. ↑ Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, "Qualified immunity," accessed October 7, 2020
103. ↑ The Washington Post, "Supreme Court will not hear Kim Davis same-sex marriage case," October 5, 2020
104. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Albence v. Guzman Chavez.
105. ↑ When the case was originally accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, the case name was Americans for Prosperity v. Becerra.
106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 Washington University Law, "Online Code Book - Formal Alteration of Precedent," accessed March 6, 2026
107. ↑ Washington University Law, "2024 Supreme Court Database, Version 2025 Release 1," September 1, 2025

v • e

Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

|

Active justices|

Chief justice: Roberts
Associate justices: Alito • Barrett • Gorsuch • Jackson • Kagan • Kavanaugh • Sotomayor • Thomas

Senior justices|

Breyer • Kennedy • Souter

Former chief justices|

Burger • Chase • Ellsworth • Fuller • Hughes • Jay • Marshall • Rehnquist • Rutledge • Stone • Taft • Taney • Vinson • Waite • Warren •

White
Former associate justices|

O'Connor • Baldwin • Barbour • Black • Blackmun • Blair • Blatchford • Bradley • Brandeis • Brennan • Brewer • Brown • Burton • Butler • Byrnes • Campbell • Cardozo • Catron • Chase • Clark • Clarke • Clifford • Curtis • Cushing • Daniel • Davis • Day • Douglas • Duvall • Field • Fortas • Frankfurter • Ginsburg • Goldberg • Gray • Grier • Harlan I • Harlan II • Holmes • Hunt • Iredell • H. Jackson • R. Jackson • T. Johnson • W. Johnson, Jr. • J. Lamar • L. Lamar • Livingston • Lurton • Marshall • Matthews • McKenna • McKinley • McLean • McReynolds • Miller • Minton • Moody • Moore • Murphy • Nelson • Paterson • Peckham • Pitney • Powell • Reed • Roberts • W. Rutledge • Sanford • Scalia • Shiras • Stevens • Stewart • Story • Strong • Sutherland • Swayne • Thompson • Todd • Trimble • Van Devanter • Washington • Wayne • B. White • Whittaker • Wilson • Woodbury • Woods