List of maize diseases

Short description: none

## Contents

* 1 Bacterial diseases
* 2 Fungal diseases
* 3 Nematodes, Parasitic
* 4 Virus and virus-like diseases
* 5 References

## Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases

Bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot |

Pseudomonas avenae subsp. avenae

Bacterial leaf spot |

Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola

Bacterial stalk rot | Enterobacter dissolvens = Erwinia dissolvens
Bacterial stalk and top rot |

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae

Bacterial stripe |

Pseudomonas andropogonis

Chocolate spot |

Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens

Goss's bacterial wilt and blight (leaf freckles and wilt)[1] |

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis[2] = Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskense

Holcus spot |

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall

Purple leaf sheath |

Hemiparasitic bacteria

Seed rot-seedling blight |

Bacillus subtilis

Stewart's disease (bacterial wilt) |

Erwinia stewartii

Corn stunt (achapparramiento, maize stunt, Mesa Central or Rio Grande maize stunt) |

Spiroplasma kunkelii

## Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases

Anthracnose leaf blight

Anthracnose stalk rot
Anthracnose top dieback[3][4]

| Colletotrichum graminicola

Glomerella graminicola [teleomorph]
Glomerella tucumanensis
Glomerella falcatum [anamorph]

Aspergillus ear and kernel rot  | Aspergillus flavus
Banded leaf and sheath spot  | Rhizoctonia solani = Rhizoctonia microsclerotia

Thanatephorus cucumeris [teleomorph]

Black bundle disease  | Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium
Black kernel rot  | Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae
Borde blanco  | Marasmiellus sp.
Brown spot

Black spot
Stalk rot

| Physoderma maydis
Cephalosporium kernel rot  | Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium
Charcoal rot  | Macrophomina phaseolina
Corticium ear rot  | Thanatephorus cucumeris = Corticium sasakii
Curvularia leaf spot  | Curvularia clavata

Curvularia eragrostidis = Curvularia maculans
Cochliobolus eragrostidis [teleomorph]
Curvularia inaequalis
Curvularia intermedia
Cochliobolus intermedius [teleomorph]
Curvularia lunata
Cochliobolus lunatus [teleomorph]
Curvularia pallescens
Cochliobolus pallescens [teleomorph]
Curvularia senegalensis
Curvularia tuberculata
Cochliobolus tuberculatus [teleomorph]

Didymella leaf spot  | Didymella exitalis
Diplodia ear rot and stalk rot  | Diplodia frumenti

Botryosphaeria festucae [teleomorph]

Diplodia ear rot

Stalk rot
Seed rot
Seedling blight

| Diplodia maydis
Diplodia leaf spot or leaf streak  | Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora
Downy mildews
Brown stripe downy mildew  | Sclerophthora rayssiae
Crazy top downy mildew  | Sclerophthora macrospora = Sclerospora macrospora
Green ear downy mildew

Graminicola downy mildew

| Sclerospora graminicola
Java downy mildew  | Peronosclerospora maydis = Sclerospora maydis
Philippine downy mildew  | Peronosclerospora philippinensis = Sclerospora philippinensis
Sorghum downy mildew  | Peronosclerospora sorghi = Sclerospora sorghi
Spontaneum downy mildew  | Peronosclerospora spontanea = Sclerospora spontanea
Sugarcane downy mildew  | Peronosclerospora sacchari = Sclerospora sacchari
...
Dry ear rot

Cob, kernel and stalk rot

| Nigrospora oryzae

Khuskia oryzae [teleomorph]

Ear rots, minor  | Alternaria alternata = Alternaria tenuis

Aspergillus glaucus
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus spp.
Botrytis cinerea
Botryotinia fuckeliana [teleomorph]
Cunninghamella sp.
Curvularia pallescens
Doratomyces stemonitis = Cephalotrichum stemonitis
Fusarium culmorum
Gonatobotrys simplex
Pithomyces maydicus
Rhizopus microsporus
Rhizopus stolonifer = Rhizopus nigricans
Scopulariopsis brumptii

Ergot

Horse's tooth

| Claviceps gigantea

Sphacelia sp. [anamorph]

Eyespot  | Aureobasidium zeae = Kabatiella zeae
Fusarium ear and stalk rot  | Fusarium subglutinans = Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium kernel, root and stalk rot, seed rot and seedling blight  | Fusarium moniliforme

Gibberella fujikuroi [teleomorph]

Fusarium stalk rot

Seedling root rot

| Fusarium avenaceum

Gibberella avenacea [teleomorph]

Gibberella ear and stalk rot  | Gibberella zeae

Fusarium graminearum [anamorph]

Gray ear rot  | Botryosphaeria zeae = Physalospora zeae

Macrophoma zeae [anamorph]

Corn grey leaf spot

Gray leaf spot
Cercospora leaf spot

| Cercospora sorghi = Cercospora sorghi[clarification needed]

Cercospora zeae-maydis[5][6][7]
Cercospora zeina[6][7]

Helminthosporium root rot  | Exserohilum pedicellatum = Helminthosporium pedicellatum

Setosphaeria pedicellata [teleomorph]

Hormodendrum ear rot

Cladosporium ear rot

| Cladosporium cladosporioides = Hormodendrum cladosporioides

Cladosporium herbarum
Mycosphaerella tassiana [teleomorph]

Hyalothyridium leaf spot  | Hyalothyridium maydis
Late wilt  | Cephalosporium maydis
Leaf spots, minor  | Alternaria alternata

Ascochyta maydis
Ascochyta tritici
Ascochyta zeicola
Bipolaris victoriae = Helminthosporium victoriae
Cochliobolus victoriae [teleomorph]
Cochliobolus sativus
Bipolaris sorokiniana [anamorph] = Helminthosporium sorokinianum = H. sativum
Epicoccum nigrum
Exserohilum prolatum = Drechslera prolata
Setosphaeria prolata [teleomorph]
Graphium penicillioides
Leptosphaeria maydis
Leptothyrium zeae
Ophiosphaerella herpotricha
Scolecosporiella sp. [anamorph]
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii
Phoma sp.
Septoria zeae
Septoria zeicola
Septoria zeina

Northern corn leaf blight

White blast
Crown stalk rot
Stripe

| Setosphaeria turcica

Exserohilum turcicum [anamorph] = Helminthosporium turcicum

Northern corn leaf spot

Helminthosporium ear rot (race 1)

| Cochliobolus carbonum

Bipolaris zeicola [anamorph] = Helminthosporium carbonum

Penicillium ear rot

Blue eye
Blue mold

| Penicillium spp.

Penicillium chrysogenum
Penicillium expansum
Penicillium oxalicum

Phaeocytostroma stalk rot and root rot  | Phaeocytostroma ambiguum = Phaeocytosporella zeae
Phaeosphaeria leaf spot  | Phaeosphaeria maydis = Sphaerulina maydis
Physalospora ear rot

Botryosphaeria ear rot

| Botryosphaeria festucae = Physalospora zeicola

Diplodia frumenti [anamorph]

Purple leaf sheath  | Hemiparasitic bacteria and fungi
Pyrenochaeta stalk rot and root rot  | Phoma terrestris = Pyrenochaeta terrestris
Pythium root rot  | Pythium spp.

Pythium arrhenomanes
Pythium graminicola

Pythium stalk rot  | Pythium aphanidermatum = Pythium butleri
Red kernel disease

Ear mold, leaf and seed rot

| Epicoccum nigrum
Rhizoctonia ear rot

Sclerotial rot

| Waitea zeae

Rhizoctonia root rot and stalk rot  | Rhizoctonia solani

Waitea zeae

Root rots, minor  | Alternaria alternata

Cercospora sorghi
Dictochaeta fertilis
Fusarium acuminatum Gibberella acuminata [teleomorph]
Fusarium equiseti
Gibberella intricans [teleomorph]
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium pallidoroseum
Fusarium poae
Fusarium roseum
Gibberella cyanogena
Fusarium sulphureum [anamorph]
Microdochium bolleyi
Mucor sp.
Periconia circinata
Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora drechsleri
Phytophthora nicotianae
Rhizopus arrhizus

Rostratum leaf spot

Helminthosporium leaf disease, ear and stalk rot

| Setosphaeria rostrata = Helminthosporium rostratum
Rust, common corn  | Puccinia sorghi
Rust, southern corn  | Puccinia polysora
Rust, tropical corn  | Physopella pallescens

Physopella zeae = Angiopsora zeae

Sclerotium ear rot

Southern blight

| Athelia rolfsii

Seed rot-seedling blight  | Athelia rolfsii

Bipolaris sorokiniana
Bipolaris zeicola = Helminthosporium carbonum
Diplodia maydis
Exserohilum pedicillatum
Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum
Fusarium avenaceum
Fusarium culmorum
Fusarium moniliforme
Gibberella zeae
Fusarium graminearum [anamorph]
Macrophomina phaseolina
Penicillium spp.
Phomopsis spp.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani
Spicaria spp. Waitea zeae

Selenophoma leaf spot  | Selenophoma sp.
Sheath rot  | Gaeumannomyces graminis
Shuck rot  | Myrothecium gramineum
Silage mold  | Monascus purpureus

Monascus ruber

Smut, common | Ustilago zeae = Ustilago maydis
Smut, false  | Ustilaginoidea virens
Smut, head  | Sphacelotheca reiliana = Sporisorium holci-sorghi
Southern corn leaf blight and stalk rot  | Cochliobolus heterostrophus

Bipolaris maydis [anamorph] = Helminthosporium maydis

Southern leaf spot  | Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora
Stalk rots, minor  | Cercospora sorghi

Fusarium episphaeria
Fusarium merismoides
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium poae
Fusarium roseum
Fusarium solani
Nectria haematococca [teleomorph]
Fusarium tricinctum
Mariannaea elegans
Mucor spp.
Rhopographus zeae
Spicaria spp.

Storage rots  | Aspergillus spp.

Penicillium spp. and other fungi

Tar spot  | Phyllachora maydis
Monographella maydis
Coniothyrium phyllachorae[8][9]
Trichoderma ear rot and root rot  | Trichoderma viride = Trichoderma lignorum

Hypocrea sp. [teleomorph]

White ear rot, root and stalk rot  | Stenocarpella maydis = Diplodia zeae
Yellow leaf blight  | Ascochyta ischaemi

Phyllosticta maydis
Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis [teleomorph]

Zonate leaf spot  | Gloeocercospora sorghi

## Nematodes, Parasitic

Nematodes, Parasitic

Awl  | Dolichodorus spp.

D. heterocephalus

Bulb and stem  | Ditylenchus dipsaci
Burrowing  | Radopholus similis
Cyst  | Heterodera avenae

H. zeae
Punctodera chalcoensis

Dagger  | Xiphinema spp.

X. americanum X. mediterraneum

False root-knot  | Nacobbus dorsalis
Lance, Columbia  | Hoplolaimus columbus
Lance  | Hoplolaimus spp.

H. galeatus

Lesion  | Pratylenchus spp.

P. brachyurus
P. crenatus
P. hexincisus
P. neglectus
P. penetrans
P. scribneri
P. thornei
P. zeae

Needle  | Longidorus spp.

L. breviannulatus

Ring  | Criconemella spp.

C. ornata

Root-knot  | Meloidogyne spp.

M. chitwoodi
M. incognita
M. javanica

Spiral  | Helicotylenchus spp.
Sting  | Belonolaimus spp.

B. longicaudatus

Stubby-root  | Paratrichodorus spp.

P. christiei
P. minor
Quinisulcius acutus
Trichodorus spp.

Stunt  | Tylenchorhynchus dubius

## Virus and virus-like diseases

Virus and virus-like diseases

American wheat striate (wheat striate mosaic)  | American wheat striate mosaic virus mosaic (AWSMV)
Barley stripe mosaic  | Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)
Barley yellow dwarf | Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)
Brome mosaic | Brome mosaic virus (BMV)
Cereal chlorotic mottle  | Cereal chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV)
Corn lethal necrosis (maize lethal necrosis disease)  | Virus complex (Maize chlorotic mottle virus [MCMV] and Maize dwarf mosaic virus [MDMV] A or B or Wheat streak mosaic virus [WSMV])
Cucumber mosaic  | Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Johnsongrass mosaic  | Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV)
Maize bushy stunt  | Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), assoc.
Maize chlorotic dwarf  | Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV)
Maize chlorotic mottle  | Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV)
Maize dwarf mosaic  | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) strains A, D, E and F
Maize leaf fleck  | Maize leaf fleck virus (MLFV)
Maize line*  | Maize line virus (MLV)
Maize mosaic (corn leaf stripe, enanismo rayado)  | Maize mosaic virus (MMV)
Maize pellucid ringspot  | Maize pellucid ringspot virus (MPRV)
Maize rayado fino (fine striping disease)  | Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV)
Maize red leaf and red stripe  | Mollicute?
Maize red stripe (now known as Wheat mosaic virus  | Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV)
Maize ring mottle  | Maize ring mottle virus (MRMV)
Maize rough dwarf (nanismo ruvido)  | Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV)
Maize sterile stunt  | Maize sterile stunt virus (strains of barley yellow striate virus)
Maize streak  | Maize streak virus (MSV)
Maize stripe (maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca)  | Maize stripe virus
Maize tassel abortion  | Maize tassel abortion virus (MTAV)
Maize vein enation  | Maize vein enation virus (MVEV)
Maize wallaby ear  | Maize wallaby ear virus (MWEV)
Maize white leaf  | Maize white leaf virus
Maize white line mosaic  | Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV)
Millet red leaf  | Millet red leaf virus (MRLV)
Northern cereal mosaic  | Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV)
Oat pseudorosette (zakuklivanie)  | Oat pseudorosette virus
Oat sterile dwarf  | Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV)
Rice black-streaked dwarf  | Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)
Rice stripe  | Rice stripe virus (RSV)
Sorghum mosaic  | Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), formerly sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains H, I and M
Sugarcane Fiji disease  | Sugarcane Fiji disease virus (FDV)
Sugarcane mosaic  | Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains A, B, D, E, SC, BC, Sabi and MB (formerly MDMV-B)
Wheat mosaic  | Wheat mosaic virus (disambiguation) (WMoV)

## References

1. ↑ "Goss's Wilt of Corn". http://cropprotectionnetwork.org/resources/articles/diseases/gosss-wilt-of-corn.
2. ↑ Eichenlaub, Rudolf; Gartemann, Karl-Heinz (2011-09-08). "The Clavibacter michiganensis Subspecies: Molecular Investigation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Plant Pathogens". Annual Review of Phytopathology (Annual Reviews) 49 (1): 445–464. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095258. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 21438679.
3. ↑ "Top dieback in corn: Is anthracnose the cause?". 2007-09-10. http://crops.extension.iastate.edu/encyclopedia/top-dieback-corn-anthracnose-cause.
4. ↑ "Stalk Rot Diseases Including Anthracnose Top Dieback Developing in Some Fields". 2016-09-09. http://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/stalk-rot-diseases-including-anthracnose-top-dieback-developing-some-fields.
5. ↑ Crous, Pedro W.; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Groenewald, Marizeth; Caldwell, Pat; Braun, Uwe; Harrington, Thomas C. (1 May 2006). "Species of Cercospora associated with grey leaf spot of maize". Studies in Mycology (Westerdijk Institute (Elsevier)) 55: 189–197. doi:10.3114/sim.55.1.189. PMID 18490979.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cairns, J.E.; Sonder, K.; Zaidi, P.H.; Verhulst, N.; Mahuku, G.; Babu, R.; Nair, S.K.; Das, B. et al. (2012). "1 Maize Production in a Changing Climate: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation Strategies". Advances in Agronomy. 114. Elsevier. pp. 1–58. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7. ISBN 9780123942753. http://oceanrep.geomar.de/29964/1/Cairns et al.pdf.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tripathi, Ashutosh; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar; Chauhan, D.K.; Kumar, Niraj; Singh, G.S. (2016). "Paradigms of climate change impacts on some major food sources of the world: A review on current knowledge and future prospects". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (Elsevier) 216: 356–373. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.034. ISSN 0167-8809.
8. ↑ Hock, J; Kranz, J (1995). "Studies on the epidemiology of the tar spot disease complex of maize in Mexico". Plant Pathology (British Society for Plant Pathology) 44 (3): 490–502. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01671.x.
9. ↑ Chalkley, D. "Invasive fungi. Tar spot of corn - Phyllachora maydis". Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp=Phyllachoramaydis.

* Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society

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