Enthalpy of sublimation

Short description: Heat required to change one mole of substance from solid to gas

In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of sublimation, or heat of sublimation, is the heat required to sublimate (change from solid to gas) one mole of a substance at a given combination of temperature and pressure, usually standard temperature and pressure (STP). It is equal to the cohesive energy of the solid. For elemental metals, it is also equal to the standard enthalpy of formation of the gaseous metal atoms.[1] The heat of sublimation is usually expressed in kJ/mol, although the less customary kJ/kg is also encountered.

## Sublimation enthalpies

symbol  | substances  | Sublimation enthalpy (kJ/mol)

|
|

Li  | lithium | 159[1]
Na  | sodium | 107[1]
K  | potassium | 89[1]
Rb  | rubidium | 81[1]
Cs  | caesium | 76[1]
Mg  | magnesium | 148[1]
Ca  | calcium | 178[1]
Sr  | strontium | 164[1]
Ba  | barium | 180[1]
Fe  | iron | 416[1]
Ni  | nickel | 430[1]
Cu  | copper | 338[1]
Zn  | zinc | 131[1]
Ag  | silver | 285[1]
W  | tungsten | 849[1]
Au  | gold | 366[1]
C  | graphite | 717[1]
C  | diamond | 715[1]
Si  | silicon | 456[1]
Sn  | tin | 302[1]
Pb  | lead | 195[1]
I2 | iodine | 62.4[2]
C10H8 | naphthalene | 72.9[2]
CO2 | carbon dioxide | 25[2]

## See also

* Heat
* Sublimation (chemistry)
* Phase transition
* Clausius-Clapeyron equation

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Chickos, James S.; Acree, William E. (2002). "Enthalpies of Sublimation of Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001" (in en). Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 31 (2): 537–698. doi:10.1063/1.1475333. ISSN 0047-2689. http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1475333.

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States of matter (list)

State|

* Solid
* Liquid
* Gas / Vapor
* Plasma

Low energy|

* Bose–Einstein condensate
* Fermionic condensate
* Degenerate matter
* Quantum Hall
* Rydberg matter
* Rydberg polaron
* Strange matter
* Superfluid
* Supersolid
* Photonic matter

High energy|

* QCD matter
* Lattice QCD
* Quark–gluon plasma
* Color-glass condensate
* Supercritical fluid

Other states|

* Colloid
* Glass
* Crystal
* Liquid crystal
* Time crystal
* Quantum spin liquid
* Exotic matter
* Programmable matter
* Dark matter
* Antimatter
* Magnetically ordered
* Antiferromagnet
* Ferrimagnet
* Ferromagnet
* String-net liquid
* Superglass

Transitions|

* Boiling
* Boiling point
* Condensation
* Critical line
* Critical point
* Crystallization
* Deposition
* Evaporation
* Flash evaporation
* Freezing
* Chemical ionization
* Ionization
* Lambda point
* Melting
* Melting point
* Recombination
* Regelation
* Saturated fluid
* Sublimation
* Supercooling
* Triple point
* Vaporization
* Vitrification

Quantities|

* Enthalpy of fusion
* Enthalpy of sublimation
* Enthalpy of vaporization
* Latent heat
* Latent internal energy
* Trouton's ratio
* Volatility

Concepts|

* Baryonic matter
* Binodal
* Compressed fluid
* Cooling curve
* Equation of state
* Leidenfrost effect
* Macroscopic quantum phenomena
* Mpemba effect
* Order and disorder
* Spinodal
* Superconductivity
* Superheated vapor
* Superheating
* Thermo-dielectric effect

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