Conservation-dependent species

Short description: IUCN conservation category

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Template:Conservation status

A visualization of the categories in the no-longer used "IUCN 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)", with conservation dependent (LR/cd) highlighted. The category was folded into the "near threatened" category in the 2001 revision, but some species which have not been re-evaluated retain the assessment.

A conservation-dependent species is a species which has been categorized as "Conservation Dependent" ("LR/cd") by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as dependent on conservation efforts to prevent it from becoming endangered. A species that is reliant on the conservation attempts of humans is considered conservation dependent. Such species must be the focus of a continuing species-specific and/or habitat-specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species qualifying for one of the threatened categories within a period of five years. The determination of status is constantly monitored and can change.

This category is part of the IUCN 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3), which is no longer used in evaluation of taxa, but persists in the IUCN Red List for taxa evaluated prior to 2001, when version 3.1 was first used. Using the 2001 (version 3.1) system these taxa are classed as near threatened, but those that have not been re-evaluated remain with the "Conservation Dependent" category.

Conservation-dependent species require maintenance additional to the use of the United States Endangered Species Act of 1973. This act is said to protect species from extinction by concerns and acts of conservation.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Challenges
* 2 Flora vs Fauna conservation methods
* 3 Threatened categories
* 4 Conservation Dependence as a Green Status metric
* 5 Conservation attempts
* 6 Conservation-dependent animals
* 6.1 Reptiles
* 6.2 Mollusks
* 6.3 Arthropods
* 7 EPBC Act
* 8 See also
* 9 References

## Challenges

Conservation-dependent species rely on population connectivity between humans and animals to maintain their life. Connectivity is based in regard to the federal regulatory provisions that protect the species and its habitat. Habitats and species are difficult to conserve when they are not susceptible to the regulations put in place.[2] It is also seen that laws and acts have flaws that cause gaps in their motive. The Endangered Species Act fails to account for biological ecosystem conservation and threats to a species presence.[3] Conservation in these conditions causes data gaps and leads to the depletion of species.

Funding of the federal provisions show to be a major concern when efforts are being made to conserve species. Legal members who don't agree on where funding should go cause more harm to the conservation-dependent species by making no effort for restoration. Despite legal efforts for defining a restoration program and setting regulatory provisions, conservation-dependent species are still in danger.[4]

## Flora vs Fauna conservation methods

While conservation dependent plants and animals fall under the same risk status in the environment different methods are used to protect them. Conservation dependent animals are typically protected by recovery plans and agreements for conservation by the government.[5] Plants that are conservation dependent have less protection behind them as the major method for conservation is keeping a habitat healthy. In order to do so, keeping areas uncivilized and minimizing pollution emissions are predictable solutions.[6] Keeping the flora (plants) and fauna(animals) in their region out of the conservation dependent category is the main goal of these methods.

## Threatened categories

Species that were considered Conservation Dependent were under the lower risk category of status in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The category of species may change when reassessed. The lower risk status section had three categories:

* Near Threatened LR/nt (now NT)
* Conservation Dependent LR/cd (now merged with NT)
* Least Concern LR/lc (now LC)

## Conservation Dependence as a Green Status metric

From 2020, some IUCN Red List species entries began to include a "Green Status", which is a standardized assessment of the global recovery of the species. This assessment reintroduces a systematic "Conservation Dependence" measure to the Red List, but now separate to its category. The metric compares calculated scores for the short-term (10 years) future of a species with and without conservation actions.

The Conservation Dependence metric allows recognition of species whose current conservation status is dependent on continued conservation actions, independent of the IUCN Red List category of the species.

The Green Status assessment is an optional part of a IUCN Red List species assessment. It provides a global standard for measuring species recovery and assessing conservation impact.

## Conservation attempts

In fisheries around the world, there is a list of rules that people must follow which are in place as a conservation effort. These rules protect the conservation dependent listing of Scalloped Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) under the EPBC Act is one major step for conservation of endangered species.[7]

* Reporting catch by phone: fishers must report their catch of a shark to QDAF's automated interactive voice response.
* Species specific catch and discard information in logbooks: all catches of sharks must be recorded in a log book.
* Data validation: one hour after docking when there is a shark on board, fisheries officers are allowed to inspect boat and catches.

## Conservation-dependent animals

Black caiman from Puerto Maldonado

Examples of conservation-dependent species include the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), the sinarapan, and the California ground cricket.

As of December 2015, there remains 209 conservation-dependent plant species and 29 conservation-dependent animal species.

As of September 2022, the IUCN still lists 20 conservation-dependent animal species, and one conservation-dependent subpopulations or stocks.

### Reptiles

* Black caiman

### Mollusks

* Bear paw clam
* China clam
* Maxima clam
* Fluted giant clam

### Arthropods

* Mono Lake brine shrimp
* Attheyella yemanjae
* Canthocamptus campaneri
* Metacyclops campestris
* Murunducaris juneae
* Muscocyclops bidentatus
* Muscocyclops therasiae
* California ground cricket
* Ponticyclops boscoi
* Spaniacris deserticola
* Stenopelmatus nigrocapitatus
* Thermocyclops parvus

## EPBC Act

In Australia, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 still uses a "Conservation Dependent" category for classifying fauna and flora species. Species recognized as "Conservation Dependent" do not receive special protection, as they are not considered "matters of national environmental significance under the EPBC Act". Any assemblage of species may be listed as a "threatened ecological community" under the EPBC Act. Fauna may be classified under this category if its flora is directly threatened.

The legislation uses categories similar to those of the IUCN 1994 Categories & Criteria. It does not, however, have a near threatened category or any other "lower risk" categories.

As of December 2018, eight species of fishes have received the status under the act:[8]

* Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus)
* Silver gemfish (Rexea solandri)
* School shark (Galeorhinus galeus)
* Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)
* Southern dogfish (Centrophorus zeehaani)
* Dumb gulper shark (Centrophorus harrissoni)
* Blue warehou (Seriolella brama)
* Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini)

No flora has been given the category under the EPBC Act.

## See also

* Conservation-reliant species
* IUCN Red List conservation dependent species, ordered by taxonomic rank.
* Category:IUCN Red List conservation dependent species, ordered alphabetically.

## References

1. ↑ US EPA, OP (2013-02-22). "Summary of the Endangered Species Act". https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-endangered-species-act.
2. ↑ Carroll, Carlos; Rohlf, Daniel J.; Li, Ya-Wei; Hartl, Brett; Phillips, Michael K.; Noss, Reed F. (2014-04-21). "Connectivity Conservation and Endangered Species Recovery: A Study in the Challenges of Defining Conservation-Reliant Species". Conservation Letters 8 (2): 132–138. doi:10.1111/conl.12102. ISSN 1755-263X.
3. ↑ Rohlf, Daniel J. (1991). "Six Biological Reasons Why the Endangered Species Act Doesn't Work-And What to Do About It". Conservation Biology 5 (3): 273–282. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00139.x. ISSN 0888-8892. Bibcode: 1991ConBi...5..273R. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2385897.
4. ↑ Scott, J. Michael; Goble, Dale D.; Haines, Aaron M.; Wiens, John A.; Neel, Maile C. (13 January 2010). "Conservation-reliant species and the future of conservation". Conservation Letters 3 (2): 91–97. doi:10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00096.x. ISSN 1755-263X. Bibcode: 2010ConL....3...91S.
5. ↑ Fisheries, NOAA (2021-01-27). "Recovery of Endangered and Threatened Species | NOAA Fisheries". https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/insight/recovery-endangered-and-threatened-species.
6. ↑ "How Are Rare Plants Conserved?". https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/Rare_Plants/conservation/index.shtml.
7. ↑ "Australian Marine Conservation Society - AMCS". https://www.marineconservation.org.au/.
8. ↑ Dryococelus australis: ANZECC Endangered Fauna Network. 2002-01-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2002.rlts.t6852a12810627.en. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2002.rlts.t6852a12810627.en. Retrieved 2023-03-21.

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Threatened species

Template: Threatened species by region

IUCN Red List|

| Categories1|

| Extinct|

* Extinct (EX)
* Extinct in the Wild (EW)

|

Threatened|

* Critically Endangered (CR)
* Endangered (EN)
* Vulnerable (VU)

Lower risk|

* Near Threatened (NT)
* Least Concern (LC)
* Lower Risk (LR)
* Conservation Dependent (LR/cd)

Not fully assessed|

* Data Deficient (DD)
* Not Evaluated (NE)

Species|

| Lists|

* Extinct
* Extinct in the Wild
* Critically Endangered
* Endangered
* Vulnerable
* Near Threatened
* Least Concern
* Data Deficient

|

WP categories|

* Extinct
* Extinct in the Wild
* Critically Endangered
* Endangered
* Vulnerable
* Near Threatened
* Least Concern
* Data Deficient

CITES|

* Appendix I
* Appendix II
* Appendix III

By taxa|

* Endangered arthropods / spiders / Decline in insect populations
* Threatened Banksia / rays / sharks / Fungi / Chromista
* The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
* The world's 100 most threatened species

Conservation|

* Biodiversity action plan
* Biodiversity threats
* Conservation biology
* CITES
* ARKive
* Bird conservation
* Conservation status
* Conservation-reliant species
* Ecoregion conservation status
* Habitat destruction
* Latent extinction risk
* Rare species
* Vulnerability and susceptibility

1 Pre-2001 categories and subcategories shown in italics.

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Threatened species by region

By region|

* Blue-listed
* Environmental Vulnerability Index
* Regional Red List

Australasia|

* Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
* ROTAP
* Threatened Species Protection Act 1995
* Threatened ecological community
* Trade in Endangered Species Act 1989

Canada|

* Species at Risk Act
* Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

Europe|

* European Endangered Species Programme
* Funds for Endangered Parrots

South Africa|

* Endangered Wildlife Trust

United
States|

* Distinct population segment
* Endangered Species Act of 1973
* Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978
* Endangered species recovery plan
* Endangered Wolf Center
* National Wildlife Refuge
* NatureServe conservation status
* The Nature Conservancy

Lists|

| Asia|

* List of endangered and protected species of China
* Endangered mammals of India
* List of endangered animals in India
* List of endangered species in Pakistan
* List of threatened species of the Philippines
* List of endangered species in Vietnam

|

Europe|

* Threatened mammals of Europe
* Endangered plants of Europe
* List of United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan species
* List of extinct and endangered species of Italy
* List of extinct and endangered species of Lithuania

North
America|

* List of endangered plants in North America
* List of endangered species in North America
* Endangered mammals and birds of the United States
* List of threatened mammals of the United States
* List of threatened birds of the United States
* List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States
* List of endangered and threatened animals and plants of Illinois

Elsewhere|

* Threatened fauna of Australia
* List of threatened flora of Australia
* List of endangered flora of Brazil
* List of threatened mammals of Brazil
* List of threatened birds of Brazil

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Conservation of species

Conservation biology|

* Conservation behavior
* Conservation dependent species
* Conservation ethic
* Conservation genetics
* Conservation status
* Ex-situ conservation
* Extinction threshold
* In-situ conservation
* Latent extinction risk
* Marine conservation
* Species translocation
* Threatened species

Conservation areas|

* Conservation designation
* Conservation development
* Conservation district
* Conservation easement
* Ecoregion conservation status
* Environmental protection
* Gap analysis
* Habitat conservation
* High conservation value area
* Landscape-scale conservation
* Marine protected area
* National conservation area
* Open space reserve
* Riparian buffer
* Roadless area conservation
* Roadside conservation
* Site-based conservation
* Special Area of Conservation

Restoration|

* Assisted natural regeneration
* Ecosystem restoration
* Island restoration
* Reforestation
* afforestation
* Rewilding

By taxa|

* Amphibians and reptiles
* Birds
* burrowing owls
* raptors
* Insects
* bumblebees
* butterflies
* Land mammals
* bats
* bats 2
* bears
* cheetahs
* cheetahs 2
* gorillas
* painted dogs
* slow lorises
* small cats
* tigers
* tigers 2
* wolves
* Marine
* Antarctic seals
* cetaceans
* cetaceans 2
* manatees
* migratory sharks
* salmon
* sea otters
* sea turtles
* sturgeons
* Plants
* forests
* fungi
* orchids

By country|

* Australia
* Belize
* Brazil
* Hong Kong
* Iceland
* India
* Bhopal
* Ireland
* Italy
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Uganda
* United Kingdom (Scotland)
* United States

Other|

* Biodiversity
* Conservation agriculture
* Conservation finance
* Conservation grazing
* Conservation management system
* Conservation movement
* Conservation officer
* Conservation organisations
* Conservation photography
* Conservation psychology
* Conservation refugee
* Conspicuous conservation
* De-extinction
* Myth of superabundance
* NatureServe conservation status
* Planetary boundaries

* Index of conservation articles
* List of conservation issues
* Category
* Portal

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