Election administration in Georgia

Georgia 2025 elections

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State executive offices • School boards • Municipal • Recalls • All local elections by county • How to run for office |

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Election Information
Voter registration
Early voting
Absentee/mail-in voting
All-mail voting
Voter ID laws
State poll opening and closing times
Time off work for voting

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Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker
The Ballot Bulletin
State of Election Administration Legislation Reports

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Select a state from the menu below to learn more about its election administration.

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Election administration encompasses a state's voting policies, procedures, and enforcement. These include voter identification requirements, early and absentee/mail-in voting provisions, voter list maintenance methods, and more. Each state's voting policies dictate who can vote and under what conditions.

THE BASICS

* Georgia permits online voter registration.

* Georgia permits early voting and no-excuse absentee/mail-in voting.

* In Georgia, polls are open from 7 a.m. until 7 p.m. Eastern Time.

* Georgia requires photo identification to vote.

* Georgia holds open primary elections.

* Georgia has tools for verifying voter registration.

Below, you will find details on the following election administration topics in Georgia:

* Poll times
* Voter registration
* Early and absentee/mail-in voting policy[1]
* Voter identification requirements
* Provisional ballot rules
* Primary election type
* Time off work for voting
* Voting rules for people convicted of a felony

* Voter list maintenance
* Post-election auditing
* Election policy ballot measures
* Election policy legislation
* Ballot access
* Redistricting
* Election administration agencies

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## Contents

* 1 Poll times
* 2 Voter registration
* 2.1 Automatic registration
* 2.2 Online registration
* 2.3 Same-day registration
* 2.4 Residency requirements
* 2.5 Verification of citizenship
* 2.6 Verifying your registration
* 3 Early and absentee/mail-in voting policy
* 3.1 Early voting
* 3.2 Absentee/mail-in voting
* 3.2.1 Returning absentee/mail-in ballots
* 3.2.2 Signature requirements and cure provisions
* 3.2.3 Was your absentee/mail-in ballot counted?
* 4 Voter identification requirements
* 4.1 Provisional balloting for voters without ID
* 5 Provisional ballot rules
* 6 Primary election type
* 7 Time off work for voting
* 8 Voting rules for people convicted of a felony
* 9 Voter list maintenance
* 9.1 When names can be removed from the voter list
* 9.2 Inactive voter list rules
* 9.3 The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)
* 10 Post-election auditing
* 11 Election administration authorities
* 11.1 State election officials
* 11.2 Local election officials
* 12 Noteworthy events
* 12.1 Rule changes adopted by the Georgia State Election Board and legal challenges (2024-2025)
* 12.2 Federal appeals court ruling on postage for absentee/mail-in ballots (2021)
* 12.3 Election administration procedures changed (2021)
* 12.4 Federal judge requires state to allow voters to correct signature mismatches (2018)
* 13 Election policy ballot measures
* 14 Recent legislation related to election administration in Georgia
* 14.1 Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker
* 14.2 State of Election Administration Legislation Reports
* 14.3 The Ballot Bulletin
* 15 Ballot access
* 16 Redistricting
* 16.1 State process
* 17 Contact information
* 17.1 Election agencies
* 18 Ballotpedia's election coverage
* 19 See also
* 19.1 Elections in Georgia
* 20 External links
* 21 Footnotes

## Poll times[edit]

See also: State poll opening and closing times

In Georgia, polls are open from 7 a.m. until 7 p.m. Eastern Time. In cities with a population greater than 300,000 people, polls remain open until 8 p.m. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[2]

## Voter registration[edit]

Check your voter registration status here.

To vote in Georgia, one must be a citizen of the United States and a legal resident of their county. The voter must be at least 17.5 years of age at the time of registration and 18 at the time of the election, and not serving a sentence for a felony conviction.[3][4]

The deadline to register to vote is 29 days prior to the election. Registration can be completed online, in person, or by mail.[3]

### Automatic registration[edit]

In Georgia, eligible voters are automatically registered to vote when they conduct transactions at the Department of Driver Services. This automatic registration program began in 2016.[5][6]

### Online registration[edit]

See also: Online voter registration

Georgia has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.

### Same-day registration[edit]

Georgia does not allow same-day voter registration.

### Residency requirements[edit]

To register to vote in Georgia, you must be a resident of the state. State law does not specify a length of time for which you must have been a resident to be eligible.

### Verification of citizenship[edit]

See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

A Georgia state law, passed in 2009, required voters to provide proof of U.S. citizenship when registering to vote. However, as of August 2024, the law had not been implemented.[7][8][9]

In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states cannot require proof of citizenship with federal registration forms. That meant states would need to create a separate registration system for state elections in order to require proof of citizenship.

In Georgia, an individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, a voter who provides false information on a voter registration application is guilty of a felony.[10] [9]

All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.[11] As of January 2025, six states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, and New Hampshire — had passed laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration. However, only two of those states' laws were in effect, in Arizona and New Hampshire. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allowed noncitizens to vote in some local elections as of November 2024. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.

### Verifying your registration[edit]

The site My Voter Page, run by the Georgia Secretary of State's office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.

## Early and absentee/mail-in voting policy[edit]

### Early voting[edit]

See also: Early voting

Georgia permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.

Early voting permits citizens to cast ballots in person at a polling place prior to an election. In states that permit no-excuse early voting, a voter does not have to provide an excuse for being unable to vote on Election Day. States that allow voters to cast no-excuse absentee/mail-in ballots in person are counted as no-excuse early voting states.

As of February 2024, 47 states and the District of Columbia permitted no-excuse early voting.

### Absentee/mail-in voting[edit]

See also: Absentee/mail-in voting

All voters are eligible to vote absentee/by-mail in Georgia. There are no special eligibility requirements for voting absentee. The ballot application deadline is 11 days before Election Day. A completed ballot must be received by 7 p.m. on Election Day.[12]

#### Returning absentee/mail-in ballots[edit]

See also: Mail ballot collection and return laws by state

An absentee/mail-in ballot in Georgia must be received by the voter’s county election official by the time the polls close on Election Day in order to be counted. Ballots can be submitted by mail, in person, or to a drop box, by the voter or a family member or person living in the voter's household. A voted absentee/mail-in ballot of a voter with a physical disability may also be returned by a caregiver.[13]

As of November 2024, 20 states allowed anyone chosen by the voter to return a ballot on the voter's behalf, with certain exceptions, while 16 states allowed anyone with certain relationships to the voter to return the voter's ballot. Four states allowed only the voter to return the voter's ballot, with certain exceptions, and two states required voters to return their ballots by mail. Eight states and D.C. did not specify who may return ballots.

#### Signature requirements and cure provisions[edit]

Absentee/mail-in ballots in Georgia include a return envelope printed with an oath that the voter must sign in order for the ballot to be counted. If the envelope is missing a signature or election officials determine that the signature on the envelope does not match the voter’s signature already on file, the ballot will be rejected. Georgia law also requires voters to provide a driver's license, state identification card number, or social security number with their returned ballot.

Georgia law includes a cure provision allowing voters to fix a problem with the signature or other information on their ballot. Georgia law requires election officials to notify a voter whose absentee/mail-in ballot has been rejected. Voters have until the third day after the election to cure or fix the issues they have been notified about.[12][14]

As of November 2024, 33 states had laws that included cure provisions, while 17 states did not. One state, Pennsylvania, allowed counties to establish a cure process.

#### Was your absentee/mail-in ballot counted?[edit]

Voters can use the My Voter Page website provided by the Georgia Secretary of State to check the status of their absentee/mail-in ballot and absentee/mail-in ballot application.

## Voter identification requirements[edit]

See also: Voter ID in Georgia
See also: Voter identification laws by state

Georgia requires voters to present photo identification while voting in person or by mail/absentee.[15]

The following list of accepted ID was current as of August 2024. Click here for the Georgia Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

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* Any valid state or federal government-issued photo ID, including a free ID card issued by your county registrar's office or the Georgia Department of Driver Services.
* A Georgia driver's license, even if expired
* Student ID from a Georgia public College or University[16]
* Valid employee photo ID from any branch, department, agency, or entity of the U.S. Government, Georgia, or any county, municipality, board, authority or other entity of this state
* Valid U.S. passport ID
* Valid U.S. military photo ID containing a photograph of the voter
* Valid tribal photo ID containing a photograph of the voter[15][17]

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Voters can obtain a free voter ID card from any county registrar's office or Department of Driver Services Office. Click here for more information on obtaining a free voter ID card in Georgia.

As of November 2024, 35 states required voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day. Of these states, 23 required voters to present identification containing a photograph, and 12 accepted other forms of identification. The remaining 15 states did not require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day.

Valid forms of identification differ by state. In certain states that require voters to provide identification, there may be exceptions that allow some voters to cast a ballot without providing an ID. To see more about these exceptions, see details by state. Commonly accepted forms of ID include driver's licenses, state-issued identification cards, and military identification cards.

#### Provisional balloting for voters without ID[edit]

Voters who do not have ID while voting may cast provisional ballots. See below for provisional ballot rules.

## Provisional ballot rules[edit]

Voters in Georgia are given provisional ballots, or ballots requiring additional steps or information before they can be counted, under the following circumstances.[18][19]

1) If the voter does not have the proper identification, the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.

2) If the voter registered to vote by mail and did not provide any identification at the time and is unable to do so the first time the voter votes in person, the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot.

3) If the voter’s name does not appear on the list of registered voters in the precinct, the voter has the right to cast a provisional ballot. If the voter is registered in the same county but appears at the wrong precinct during the period between 5:00 p.m. and the close of polls, the voter must "execute a sworn statement, witnessed by the poll official, stating that he or she is unable to vote at his or her correct polling place prior to the closing of the polls and giving the reason therefor" before voting a provisional ballot.

4) If "the polling place is kept open after 7:00 p.m. because of a court order, anyone arriving after 7:00 p.m. will vote by provisional ballot."[18]

A provisional ballot is accepted in the following circumstances:[18]

* If the voter provided proper identification three days after the close of the polls to the county registrar office, the vote will count.
* If a provisional ballot is cast because the voter’s "name did not appear on the list of registered voters in the precinct, the county registrar has up to three days after the election to determine if you were properly registered to vote in that election." If the voter is properly registered, the vote will count.[18]
* If the voter voted in the wrong precinct, "only the votes for candidates for which you were entitled to vote will be counted, and you will be notified in writing that your ballot was partially counted for your correct precinct."[18]

A provisional ballot is rejected in the following circumstances:[20]

* If the voter is not registered to vote;
* If the voter is ineligible to vote for some reason; and
* If the registrar is "unable to determine within three days following the election whether the voter was registered or eligible to vote."[20]

## Primary election type[edit]

See also: Primary elections in Georgia

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Georgia utilizes an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[21][13]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

## Time off work for voting[edit]

In Georgia, employers must grant employees two hours of unpaid leave at the beginning or end of working hours for voting, provided they have been notified by employees. State law says the following:

“  | Each employee in this state shall, upon reasonable notice to his or her employer, be permitted by his or her employer to take any necessary time off from his or her employment to vote in any municipal, county, state, or federal political party primary or election for which such employee is qualified and registered to vote on the day on which such primary or election is held; provided, however, that such necessary time off shall not exceed two hours; and provided, further, that, if the hours of work of such employee commence at least two hours after the opening of the polls or end at least two hours prior to the closing of the polls, then the time off for voting as provided for in this Code section shall not be available. The employer may specify the hours during which the employee may absent himself or herself as provided in this Code section.[22][17] | ”

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As of September 2024, 28 states required employers to grant employees time off to vote. Within these 28 states, policies varied as to whether that time off must be paid and how much notice must be given.

## Voting rules for people convicted of a felony[edit]

See also: Voting rights for people convicted of a felony

In Georgia, people convicted of a felony are unable to vote until the completion of their sentence, including prison, probation and parole. Voting rights are automatically restored once the sentence is completed.[23]

Voting rights for people convicted of a felony vary from state to state. In the majority of states, people convicted of a felony cannot vote while they are incarcerated but may regain the right to vote upon release from prison or at some point thereafter.[24]

## Voter list maintenance[edit]

All states have rules under which they maintain voter rolls—or, check and remove certain names from their lists of registered voters. Most states are subject to the parameters set by The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA).[25] The NVRA requires states to make efforts to remove deceased individuals and individuals who have become ineligible due to a change of address. It prohibits removing registrants from voter lists within 90 days of a federal election due to change of address unless a registrant has requested to be removed, or from removing people from voter lists solely because they have not voted. The NVRA says that states may remove names from their registration lists under certain other circumstances and that their methods for removing names must be uniform and nondiscriminatory.[26]

#### When names can be removed from the voter list[edit]

Georgia law authorizes local election officials to remove the names of voters from the registered voting list if an individual:[27]

* Has their registration challenged by another elector and the board of registrars uphold that challenge,
* Is determined to be mentally incompetent,
* Confirms in writing that they moved outside of their voting jurisdiction,
* Dies,
* Is convicted of a felony, or
* Remains on the inactive voter registration list through two general elections.

#### Inactive voter list rules[edit]

Voters who the Georgia Secretary of State’s office determines to have moved by using National Change of Address data are sent address confirmation notices. If the voter does not respond to the notice, the secretary of state’s office is to place them on an inactive voter registration list.[28]

In odd-numbered years, state law requires the secretary of state’s office to identify all voters with whom there has been "no contact" within the past five preceding calendar years. State law defines "no contact" to mean "that the elector has not filed an updated voter registration card, has not filed a change of name or address, has not signed a petition which is required by law to be verified by the election superintendent of a county or municipality or the Secretary of State, has not signed a voter's certificate, has not submitted an absentee/mail-in ballot application or voted an absentee/mail-in ballot, and has not confirmed the elector's continuation at the same address during the preceding five calendar years." These voters are to be sent confirmation of address notices. If the notice is not returned, the voter is placed on an inactive voter registration list.[29]

Inactive voters are not included in calculations for election administration procedures. Inactive voters are eligible to vote under Georgia law but must verify their address at their polling place. If a voter remains in inactive status through two general elections, their registration is to be canceled.[28]

#### The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)[edit]

See also: Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)

According to its website, ERIC is a nonprofit corporation that is governed by a board of member-states. These member states submit voter registration and motor vehicle registration information to ERIC. ERIC uses this information, as well as Social Security death records and other sources, to provide member states with reports showing voters who have moved within their state, moved out of their state, died, have duplicate registrations in their state, or are potentially eligible to vote but are not yet registered. ERIC's website describes its funding as follows: "Members fund ERIC. New members pay a one-time membership fee of $25,000, which is reserved for technology upgrades and other unanticipated expenses. Members also pay annual dues. Annual dues cover operating costs and are based, in part, on the citizen voting age population in each state."[30]

By 2022, 33 states and the District of Columbia had joined ERIC. As of May 2024, 24 states and the District of Columbia were members in the ERIC program.[31]

As of August 2024, Georgia was a participating member in ERIC.

## Post-election auditing[edit]

Georgia state law requires post-election audits. Local election superintendents conduct a manual inspection of randomly selected paper ballots. The audit must be completed before certification of the election and released to the public within 48 hours of completion. As of August 2024, Georgia was also piloting a risk-limiting auditing program.[32]

Post-election audits check that election results tallied by a state's voting system match results from paper records, such as paper ballots filled out by voters or the paper records produced by electronic voting machines. Post-election audits are classified into two categories: audits of election results—which include traditional post-election audits as well as risk-limiting audits—and procedural audits.[33][34]

Typically, traditional post-election audits are done by recounting a portion of ballots, either electronically or by hand, and comparing the results to those produced by the state's voting system. In contrast, risk-limiting audits use statistical methods to compare a random sample of votes cast to election results instead of reviewing every ballot. The scope of procedural audits varies by state, but they typically include a systematic review of voting equipment, performance of the voting system, vote totals, duties of election officials and workers, ballot chain of custody, and more.

As of October 2024, 49 states and the District of Columbia had some form of post-election audit by law. Of these, 35 states and the District of Columbia required traditional post-election audits, while six states required risk-limiting post-election audits by law. Eight states used some other form of post-election audit, including procedural post-election audits.[35][36]

## Election administration authorities[edit]

### State election officials[edit]

In Georgia, the secretary of state and the Georgia State Election Board share election administration responsibilities.

The secretary of state is an elected position in Georgia. According to the secretary's website: "The Elections Division of the Secretary of State’s Office organizes and oversees all election activity, including voter registration, municipal, state, county, and federal elections. They are responsible for certification of election results as well as certifying the qualification of candidates and preparation of ballots and election forms and materials."[37]

The five members of the Georgia State Election Board include one nonpartisan chairperson appointed by a joint resolution of both houses of the Georgia General Assembly, and one member appointed by each of the following entities: the Georgia House of Representatives, Georgia State Senate, the Republican Party of Georgia and the Democratic Party of Georgia.[38] As of December 2024, the board consisted of three Republicans, one Democrat, and the nonpartisan chair, who was appointed by Gov. Brian Kemp (R) to fill a vacancy.[39] According to the secretary of state's website, the responsibilities of the State Election Board include:[40]

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* Promulgating rules and regulation to promote uniformity in election practices, and to promote legality and purity in elections;
* Investigating the administration of elections and frauds and to report findings to the Attorney General or responsible district attorneys;
* Making recommendations to the General Assembly regarding elections;
* Developing rules and regulations about what constitutes a vote that will be counted;
* Educating the public about voting and offering voting education programs; and,
* Taking such other action as the board may deem appropriate to conduct 'fair, legal and orderly elections.'[17]

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Until 2021, when Kemp signed Senate Bill 202, the secretary of state chaired the State Election Board.[41] As a result of the legislaiton, the secretary of state became a nonvoting member of the board.

### Local election officials[edit]

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Do you need information about elections in your area? Are you looking for your local election official? Click here to visit the U.S. Vote Foundation and use their election official lookup tool.|

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## Noteworthy events[edit]

### Rule changes adopted by the Georgia State Election Board and legal challenges (2024-2025)[edit]

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This article contains a developing news story. Ballotpedia staff are checking for updates regularly. To inform us of new developments, email us at editor@ballotpedia.org.

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Ahead of the November 5, 2024, general election, the Georgia State Election Board proposed and adopted a series of rule changes related to election administration in the state. The board adopted at least 10 new rules beginning in August, and at least seven of those had been blocked by Fulton County Superior Court judges, while the remaining three went into effect on October 22. Democracy Docket, which says it "delivers detailed analysis and expert commentary on voting rights and election litigation and policy," reported the rules as follows:[42][43]

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* Hand Count Rule (Passed on Sept. 20): Requires three election workers to unseal every box of ballots printed from scanner machines at a polling location and hand count them to ensure that their counts match the machine totals. This rule will require election workers to count the total number of ballots, but not which candidate received more votes. ...
* Reconciliation Reports Rule (Passed on Sept. 20): Mandates counties to publish online reports detailing the difference between the number of total ballots cast and the total number of voters reported voting in each precinct. ...
* Reconciliation Rule (Passed on Sept. 20): Requires either each county board of elections or election workers to verify the total ballot count against tabulation tape from each individual ballot scanner in the county. ...
* Daily Reporting Rule (Passed on Sept. 20): Requires counties to issue a daily report with details of which voters have cast their votes early or through absentee ballots. ...
* Recorded Count Rule (Passed on Sept. 20): Requires an election worker and two witnesses to record the ballot count from the tabulation tape in every ballot scanner in a given polling location. ...
* Poll Watcher Rule (Passed on Sept. 20): Increases the number of designated locations where poll watchers may observe the election process. ...
* Examination Rule (Passed on Aug. 19): Allows individual county election board members to 'examine all election related documentation created during the conduct of elections prior to certification of results.' ...
* Reasonable Inquiry Rule (Passed on Aug. 6): States that a county board can only certify an election 'after reasonable inquiry that the tabulation and canvassing of the election are complete and accurate and that the results are a true and accurate accounting of all votes cast in that election.' ...
* Drop Box Rule (Passed on Aug. 6): Requires voters who drop off an absentee ballot at a drop box location to provide a signature, photo ID, and, if applicable, evidence of their relationship to the person whose ballot they are submitting ...
* Surveillance Rule (Passed on Aug. 6): Requires video surveillance at ballot drop boxes and states that ballots placed in non-monitored drop boxes should not be counted.[17]

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At least seven lawsuits were filed in response to the new rules.[43] See below for a timeline of events related to the case:

* March 19, 2025: the court held oral arguments in the case.[44]
* December 17, 2024: The Georgia Supreme Court consolidated the appeals.[45]
* December 9, 2024: The state of Georgia appealed the October 16 order to the state supreme court.[46]
* November 15, 2024: The RNC appealed the October 16 order to the state supreme court.[47]
* October 22, 2025: the Georgia Supreme Court unanimously denied a request to stay the lower court's order blocking implementation of the rules.[48]
* October 16, 2024: Judge Thomas A. Cox of the Fulton County Superior Court issued an order in Eternal Vigilance Action v. State of Georgia, blocking the board from enforcing seven of the rules—the reasonable inquiry rule, the examination rule, the drop box rule, the surveillance rule, the poll watcher rule, the daily reporting rule, and the hand count rule—writing, "The state and the [state election board] are hereby directed to immediately remove these rules from their roles and official reporting and to immediately inform all state and local election officials that these rules are void[.]"[49] On October 18, the Georgia Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal filed by Republican National Committee (RNC) and Georgia Republican Party, who intervened in the original case. The plaintiffs asked the state supreme court to issue a stay of the lower court's injunction, blocking enforcement of the rules, until a resolution of the appeal.[50][51] On October 22, the Supreme Court unanimously rejected the plaintiff's request for a stay and left the lower court's injunction in place until a full decision was delivered. The court also declined to consider the case on an expedited schedule.[52]
* October 15, 2025: Judge Robert C. McBurney of the Fulton County Superior Court issued an order in Cobb County Board of Elections and Registration v. State Election Board, temporarily blocking the hand count rule from being enforced.[53]

Click here to read more about the state election board.

### Federal appeals court ruling on postage for absentee/mail-in ballots (2021)[edit]

On August 27, 2021, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit unanimously affirmed a lower court's decision finding that a Georgia law requiring voters to pay the price of postage for returning absentee/mail-in ballots does not constitute an illegal poll tax. The plaintiffs had argued that requiring absentee/mail-in voters to pay the price of postage amounted to levying a poll tax, violating the Fourteenth and Twenty-Fourth Amendments to the United States Constitution. The defendants (state and local election officials) moved to dismiss. A U.S. District Court granted the motion to dismiss, citing "[t]he fact that any registered voter may vote in Georgia on election day without purchasing a stamp, and without undertaking any 'extra steps' besides showing up at the voting precinct and complying with generally applicable election regulations." The plaintiffs then appealed to the Eleventh Circuit.[54]

The Eleventh Circuit panel—comprising Judges Elizabeth Branch (a Donald Trump (R) appointee), Britt Grant (another Trump appointee), and Edward Carnes (a George H.W. Bush (R) appointee)—unanimously affirmed the lower court's ruling. Branch, writing for the court, said, "While voting often involves incidental costs like transportation, parking, child care, taking time off work, and—for those who choose to vote absentee by mail—the cost of a postage stamp, those incidental costs do not mean that Georgia has imposed an unconstitutional poll tax or fee on its voters."[54]

In response to the ruling, Sean Young, legal director for the Georgia affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union (which was involved in the suit on behalf of the plaintiffs), said, "We are disappointed in the outcome. The ACLU of Georgia will continue to protect the sacred fundamental right to vote." Regarding the possibility of an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, Young said, "All legal options remain on the table."[55]

### Election administration procedures changed (2021)[edit]

On March 25, 2021, Georgia Governor Brian Kemp (R) signed SB202 into law, enacting a series of changes to the state's election administration procedures, including (but not limited to) the following:[56]

* Absentee/mail-in voting:
* Absentee/mail-in ballots verified on the basis of driver's license numbers instead of voter signatures (the last four digits of a Social Security number, and a date of birth, permissible in lieu of a driver's license number).
* Ballot drop boxes made available only inside early voting locations during business hours.
* Ballot application deadline fixed at 11 days before Election Day.
* Early voting:
* For general elections, counties required to offer early voting on two Saturdays; counties authorized, but not required, to offer early voting on two Sundays.
* For runoff elections, early voting period limited to a minimum of one week.
* Other election administration matters:
* State Election Board authorized to remove county election boards and replace them with interim election managers.
* Counties required to certify election results within six days instead of 10.
* Prohibited the use of "photographic or other electronic monitoring or recording devices ... to photograph or record a voted ballot."

The full text of the enacted bill can be accessed here.

In its original form, SB202 would have barred persons and entities from sending unsolicited absentee/mail-in ballot applications to voters who had already requested, been issued, or voted an absentee/mail-in ballot. On March 25, 2021, the Georgia House of Representatives approved an amended version of the bill (which included the aforementioned changes) by a vote of 74. Later that day, the Georgia State Senate concurred in the House amendments by a vote of 34-20. Both the House and Senate votes split along party lines, with Republicans voting in favor of the bill and Democrats voting against it.[56][57]

Upon signing the bill into law, Kemp said, "After the November election last year, I knew like so many of you that significant reforms to our state elections were needed. When voting in person in the state of Georgia, you must have a photo ID. It only makes sense for the same standard to apply to absentee ballots as well."[58]

### Federal judge requires state to allow voters to correct signature mismatches (2018)[edit]

On October 25, 2018, Judge Leigh Martin May of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia issued a temporary restraining order requiring Georgia Secretary of State Brian Kemp (R) to give the following instructions to state election officials:[59]

“  |

1. All county elections officials responsible for processing absentee ballots shall not reject any absentee ballots due to an alleged signature mismatch. Instead, for all ballots where a signature mismatch is perceived, the county elections official shall treat this absentee ballot as a provisional ballot, which shall be held separate and apart from the other absentee ballots. ... The county elections official shall then provide pre-rejection notice and an opportunity to resolve the alleged signature discrepancy to the absentee voter. ...
2. All county elections officials responsible for processing absentee ballot applications shall not reject any absentee ballot application due to an alleged signature mismatch. Instead, for all ballot applications where a signature mismatch is perceived, the county elections official shall ... provide a provisional absentee ballot to the absentee voter along with information as to the process that will be followed in reviewing the provisional ballot.[17]

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May found that the plaintiffs in two lawsuits were likely to succeed in their due process challenge of the state's signature matching requirements.[60]

Kemp requested that May stay the order pending appeal. His attorneys wrote, "Last-minute challenges to longstanding election procedures have long been disfavored because they threaten to disrupt the orderly administration of elections, which is essential to the functioning of our participatory democracy." Andrea Young, executive director of ACLU Georgia, which was a party to one of the lawsuits, said, "We are disappointed that the Secretary of State is unwilling to grant due process to Georgia citizens who vote by absentee ballot."[61] May did not stay the order.[62]

On November 2, 2018, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied Kemp's request for a stay of May's order.[63] In a March 21, 2019, written opinion, Judges Jill Pryor and Kevin Newsom issued concurrences in the denial of the stay, and Judge Gerald Tjoflat issued a dissent.[64]

## Election policy ballot measures[edit]

See also: Elections and campaigns on the ballot and List of Georgia ballot measures

Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to election and campaign policy in Georgia.

1. Georgia Gubernatorial Elections, Amendment 2 (June 1941)
2. Georgia Amendment 2, Elections of Officials Measure (1950)
3. Georgia Amendment 5, Baldwin County Board of Education Elections Measure (1950)
4. Georgia Amendment 14, Dawson County Board of Education Elections Measure (1950)
5. Georgia Amendment 31, Hancock County Board of Education Elections Measure (1950)
6. Georgia Amendment 32, Meriwether County Board of Education Elections Measure (1950)
7. Georgia Amendment 35, Rockdale County Board of Education Elections Measure (1950)
8. Georgia Amendment 36, Schley County Board of Education Elections Measure (1950)
9. Georgia Amendment 37, Taylor County Board of Education Elections Measure (1950)
10. Georgia Amendment 13, Troup County Board of Education Elections Measure (1952)
11. Georgia Amendment 28, Fannin County Board of Education Elections Measure (1952)
12. Georgia Amendment 29, Wilcox County Board of Education Elections Measure (1952)
13. Georgia Amendment 33, Brantley County School Districts and Board of Education Elections Measure (1952)
14. Georgia Amendment 34, Carroll County Board of Education School Districts and Elections Measure (1952)
15. Georgia Amendment 35, Appling County Board of Education Elections Measure (1952)
16. Georgia Amendment 42, Floyd County Board of Education Elections Measure (1952)
17. Georgia Amendment 44, Rockdale County School Superintendent Appointment Measure (1952)
18. Georgia Amendment 1A, State Senate Composition and Elections Amendment (1962)
19. Georgia Amendment 10, Qualifications of Write-in Candidates Amendment (1962)
20. Georgia Amendment 5, Notice of Write-in Candidates Amendment (1966)
21. Georgia Amendment 8, Federal and State Voting Requirements Amendment (1966)
22. Georgia Amendment 18, Election of Judges Amendment (1966)
23. Georgia Amendment 19, Election of Solicitors General Amendment (1966)
24. Georgia Amendment 2, Gubernatorial Runoff Elections Measure (1968)
25. Georgia Amendment 5, Elections for State Executive Officials Measure (1968)
26. Georgia Amendment 12, General Assembly Elections Measure (1968)
27. Georgia Amendment 24, Voting Residency Requirements Amendment (1972)
28. Georgia Amendment 7, Revenue Certificate Elections Measure (1974)
29. Georgia Amendment 14, Voting Requirements for Utility Revenue Certificates Measure (1976)
30. Georgia Amendment 1, Elective Franchise Measure (1978)
31. Georgia Amendment 24, Notice for Write-in Candidates Measure (1978)
32. Georgia Amendment 6, Elected Official Vacancies Measure (1984)
33. Georgia Amendment 2, Election of Local School Boards and Superintendents Amendment (1992)
34. Georgia Amendment 1, Tax Defaulters Ineligible for Public Office Measure (2002)
35. Georgia Age Requirements for Voting, Amendment 6 (1943)

## Recent legislation related to election administration in Georgia[edit]

On the Ballot takes a look at the early returns from state election-related legislative activity in 2025.

The table below lists bills related to election administration that have been introduced during (or carried over to) the current legislative session in Georgia. The following information is included for each bill:

* State
* Bill number
* Official bill name or caption
* Most recent action date
* Legislative status
* Sponsor party
* Topics dealt with by the bill

Bills are organized by most recent action. The table displays up to 100 results. To view more bills, use the arrows in the upper-right corner. Clicking on a bill will open its page on Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, which includes bill details and a summary.

### Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker[edit]

State election laws are changing. Keeping track of the latest developments in all 50 states can seem like an impossible job.

Here's the solution: Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker.

Ballotpedia's Election Administration Tracker sets the industry standard for ease of use, flexibility, and raw power. But that's just the beginning of what it can do:

* Ballotpedia's election experts provide daily updates on bills and other relevant political developments
* We translate complex bill text into easy-to-understand summaries written in everyday language
* And because it's from Ballotpedia, our Tracker is guaranteed to be neutral, unbiased, and nonpartisan

### State of Election Administration Legislation Reports[edit]

Ballotpedia publishes regular analysis of election administration legislation, including three full reports per year, providing ongoing coverage of legislative activity affecting election policy in each state. These reports deliver insights into partisan priorities, dive deep into notable trends, and highlight activity in key states.

Below are links to the most recent editions. Click here to see all past reports, and be on the lookout for more throughout the year!

* State of Election Administration Legislation 2025 Spring Report
* State of Election Administration Legislation 2024 Year-End Report
* State of Election Administration Legislation 2024 Mid-Year Report

### The Ballot Bulletin[edit]

The Ballot Bulletin is a weekly email that delivers the latest updates on election policy. The Ballot Bulletin tracks developments in election policy around the country, including legislative activity, big-picture trends, and recent news. Each email contains in-depth data from our Election Administration Legislation Tracker. You'll also be able to track relevant legislation, with links to and summaries of the bills themselves.

Click here to view recent issues and subscribe.

## Ballot access[edit]

See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Georgia

In order to get on the ballot in Georgia, a candidate for state or federal office must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements well in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.

There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for office in a state.

1. An individual can seek the nomination of a state-recognized political party.
2. An individual can run as an independent. Independent candidates often must petition in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.
3. An individual can run as a write-in candidate.

This article outlines the steps that prospective candidates for state-level and congressional office must take in order to run for office in Georgia. For information about filing requirements for presidential candidates, click here. Information about filing requirements for local-level offices is not available in this article (contact state election agencies for information about local candidate filing processes).

## Redistricting[edit]

See also: Redistricting in Georgia

Redistricting is the process by which new congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. Each of Georgia's 14 United States Representatives and 236 state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. United States Senators are not elected by districts, but by the states at large. District lines are redrawn every 10 years following completion of the United States census. The federal government stipulates that districts must have nearly equal populations and must not discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity.[65][66][67][68]

Georgia was apportioned 14 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives after the 2020 census, the same number it received after the 2010 census. Click here for more information about redistricting in Georgia after the 2020 census.

HIGHLIGHTS

* Following the 2020 United States Census, Georgia was apportioned 14 congressional districts, which was unchanged from the number it had after the 2010 census.

* Georgia's House of Representatives is made up of 180 districts; Georgia's State Senate is made up of 56 districts.

* In Georgia, both congressional and state legislative district lines are drawn by the state legislature.

### State process[edit]

See also: State-by-state redistricting procedures

In Georgia, both congressional and state legislative district lines are drawn by the state legislature. A simple majority in each chamber is required to approve redistricting plans, which are subject to veto by the governor.[69]

The Georgia Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous. There are no similar requirements for congressional districts.[69][70]

## Contact information[edit]

### Election agencies[edit]

Seal of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission

See also: State election agencies

Individuals seeking additional information about voting provisions in Georgia can contact the following local, state, and federal agencies.

Georgia County Election Offices

Click here for a list

Georgia Secretary of State Elections Division

2 MLK Jr. Drive
Suite 802 Floyd West Tower

Atlanta, Georgia 30334

Phone: 404-656-2871

Fax: 404-463-5231

Email: https://sos.ga.gov/form/contact-us
Website: https://sos.ga.gov/elections-division-georgia-secretary-states-office

Georgia Government Transparency and Campaign Finance Commission

200 Piedmont Avenue SE

Suite 1416 West Tower

Atlanta, Georgia 30334

Phone: 404-463-1980

Fax: 404-463-1988

Email: gaethics@ethics.ga.gov
Website: http://ethics.ga.gov/

U.S. Election Assistance Commission

633 3rd Street NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20001
Phone: 301-563-3919
Toll free: 1-866-747-1471
Email: clearinghouse@eac.gov
Website: https://www.eac.gov

## Ballotpedia's election coverage[edit]

Click the tiles below to navigate to 2025 election coverage:

U.S. Congress special elections

Governors

Attorney general

Other state executives

State legislatures

State ballot measures

Local ballot measures

State judges

Local judges

Municipal government

School boards

Recall

Democratic primaries 2024

* United States Senate Democratic Party primaries, 2024
* United States House Democratic Party primaries, 2024
* Democratic Party gubernatorial primaries, 2024
* Democratic Party Secretary of State primaries, 2024
* Democratic Party Attorney General primaries, 2024
* State legislative Democratic primaries, 2024

Republican primaries 2024

* United States Senate Republican Party primaries, 2024
* United States House Republican Party primaries, 2024
* Republican Party gubernatorial primaries, 2024
* Republican Party Secretary of State primaries, 2024
* Republican Party Attorney General primaries, 2024
* State legislative Republican primaries, 2024

## See also[edit]

* State of Election Administration Legislation Reports
* Voting in Georgia
* Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Georgia
* Redistricting in Georgia

### Elections in Georgia[edit]

* Georgia elections, 2025
* Georgia elections, 2024
* Georgia elections, 2023
* Georgia elections, 2022
* Georgia elections, 2021
* Georgia elections, 2020
* Georgia elections, 2019
* Georgia elections, 2018
* Georgia elections, 2017
* Georgia elections, 2016
* Georgia elections, 2015
* Georgia elections, 2014

## External links[edit]

* Georgia Secretary of State - Elections

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ We use the term "absentee/mail-in voting" to describe systems in which requests or applications are required. We use the term "all-mail voting" to denote systems where the ballots themselves are sent automatically to all voters. We use the hyphenate term for absentee voting because some states use “mail voting” (or a similar alternative) to describe what has traditionally been called "absentee voting."
2. ↑ State of Georgia, "Vote in Person on Election Day," accessed August 12, 2024
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Georgia Secretary of State, "How-to Guide: Registering to Vote," accessed August 12, 2024
4. ↑ Georgia.gov, "Registering to Vote," accessed August 12, 2024
5. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Automatic Voter Registration Surges After Web Fix," May 24, 2022
6. ↑ The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Automatic registration leads to surge of new Georgia voters," April 29, 2019
7. ↑ Justia, "Georgia Code, Section 21-2-216," accessed August 12, 2024
8. ↑ AP News, "Kansas hopes to resurrect proof-of-citizenship voting law," accessed October 6, 2019
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Pew Trusts, "'Proof of Citizenship' Voting Laws May Surge Under Trump," November 16, 2017
10. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Voter Registration Application," accessed November 14, 2024
11. ↑ Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Georgia.gov, "Vote by Absentee Ballot," accessed August 12, 2024
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Justia, "2023 Georgia Code, Title 21 - Elections Chapter 2 - Elections and Primaries Generally Article 10 - Absentee Voting § 21-2-385. Procedure for voting by absentee ballot; advance voting" accessed August 12, 2024 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; name "gastatuts" defined multiple times with different content
14. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "States With Signature Cure Processes," accessed August 12, 2024
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Voter Identification Requirements," accessed August 12, 2024
16. ↑ This includes colleges, universities, and technical colleges.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Voter Information Guide," accessed August 12, 2024
19. ↑ Justia, "Georgia Code, 21-2-418 - Provisional ballots," accessed August 12, 2024
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 National Conference of State Legislatures, "Provisional Ballots," accessed August 12, 2024
21. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed August 12, 2024
22. ↑ Justia, "2023 Georgia Code § 21-2-404 - Affording employees time off to vote," accessed August 12, 2024
23. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Felon Voting Rights," August 12, 2024
24. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Felon Voting Rights," April 6, 2023
25. ↑ As of May 2024, the Justice Department notes, "Six States (Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) are exempt from the NVRA because, on and after August 1, 1994, they either had no voter-registration requirements or had election-day voter registration at polling places with respect to elections for federal office."
26. ↑ The United States Department of Justice, "The National Voter Registration Act of 1993," accessed May 29, 2024
27. ↑ Justia, "2023 Georgia Code 21-2-229, 230, 231, 232, and 235," accessed August 12, 2024
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Justia, "2023 Georgia Code § 21-2-235 - Inactive list of electors," accessed August 12, 2023
29. ↑ Justia, "2023 Georgia Code § 21-2-234 - Electors who have failed to vote and with whom there has been no contact in five years; confirmation notice requirements and procedure; time for completion of list maintenance activities," accessed August 12, 2024
30. ↑ ERIC, "FAQ," accessed May 29, 2024
31. ↑ ERIC, "Who We Are," accessed May 29, 2024
32. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Post-Election Audits," accessed August 12, 2024
33. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Post-Election Audits," accessed July 23, 2024
34. ↑ Election Assistance Commission, "Election Audits Across the United States," accessed August 22, 2024
35. ↑ Ballotpedia research conducted in October 2024, researching and analyzing various state websites and codes.
36. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Post-Election Audits," accessed October 4, 2024
37. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "About the Elections Division," accessed December 23, 2024
38. ↑ Justia, "2023 Georgia Code § Section 21-2-30," accessed December 23, 2024
39. ↑ Office of the Governor, Governor Brian P. Kemp, "Gov. Kemp Appoints State Elections Board Chair," January 5, 2024
40. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "About the State Election Board," accessed December 23, 2024
41. ↑ Georgia Recorder, "State Election Board reconvenes after secretary of state booted from chair," April 27, 2021
42. ↑ Democracy Docket, "About Us," accessed October 16, 2024
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Democracy Docket, "Georgia State Election Board Faces Barrage of Lawsuits," October 14, 2024
44. ↑ The Atlanta Journal-Constitution', "Georgia Supreme Court questions State Election Board on last-minute voting rule changes," March 19, 2025
45. ↑ Democracy Docket, "Supreme Court of Georgia, Case Nos. S25A0362 & S25A0490, Order to consolidate," December 17, 2024
46. ↑ Democracy Docket, "Georgia State Election Board Certification and Drop Box Rules Challenge," accessed March 28, 2025
47. ↑ Democracy Docket, "Fulton County Superior Court, 24CV011558, Notice of appeal," November 15, 2024
48. ↑ Washington Post, "Fulton County Superior Court, Cobb County v. State Election Board, Order granting declaratory and injunctive relief," October 15, 2024
49. ↑ Fulton County Superior Court, "24CV011558, Order granting declaratory and injunctive relief," October 16, 2024
50. ↑ Democracy Docket, "Supreme Court of Georgia, Case No. S25M025E, Emergency Motion for Supersedeas," October 19, 2024
51. ↑ Democracy Docket, "Georgia Supreme Court to Review Controversial Election Rules," October 21, 2024
52. ↑ AP News, "Georgia Supreme Court rejects Republican attempt to quickly reinstate invalidated election rules," October 22, 2024
53. ↑ Washington Post, "Fulton County Superior Court, Cobb County v. State Election Board, Order granting declaratory and injunctive relief," October 15, 2024
54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, "Black Voters Matter Fund v. Raffensperger: Opinion," August 27, 2021
55. ↑ The Seattle Times, "Appeals court: Postage for absentee ballots isn’t a poll tax," August 27, 2021
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Georgia General Assembly, "SB 202," accessed March 26, 2021
57. ↑ The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Sweeping changes to Georgia elections signed into law," March 25, 2021
58. ↑ WSB-TV 2, "Gov. Kemp signs controversial voting bill into law; lawmaker arrested protesting it," March 25, 2021
59. ↑ The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, "Case 1:18-cv-04776-LMM Document 26," October 25, 2018
60. ↑ Campaign Legal Center, "Case 1:18-cv-04789-LMM Document 28," October 24, 2018
61. ↑ News Channel 9, "Federal judge tweaks her order on Georgia absentee ballots," October 26, 2018
62. ↑ The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Judge declines Kemp’s request to pause absentee ballot injunction," October 31, 2018
63. ↑ American Civil Liberties Union, "Case: 18-14502: On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia," November 2, 2018
64. ↑ Justia, "Case: 18-14502: On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia," March 21, 2019
65. ↑ All About Redistricting, "Why does it matter?" accessed April 8, 2015
66. ↑ Indy Week, "Cracked, stacked and packed: Initial redistricting maps met with skepticism and dismay," June 29, 2011
67. ↑ The Atlantic, "How the Voting Rights Act Hurts Democrats and Minorities," June 17, 2013
68. ↑ Redrawing the Lines, "The Role of Section 2 - Majority Minority Districts," accessed April 6, 2015
69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 All About Redistricting, "Georgia," accessed April 23, 2015
70. ↑ Georgia Constitution, "Article 3, Section 2," accessed April 23, 2015

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