Pulse vaccination strategy

On Pulse Polio Day, a child swallows vaccine drops and is marked as vaccinated (felt-nib pen on finger). The Pulse Polio immunisation campaign eliminated polio from India.

The pulse vaccination strategy is vaccinating a calculated proportion of an entire population in a single pulse.[1] It is a method used to eradicate an epidemic by repeatedly vaccinating a group at risk, over a defined age range, until the spread of the pathogen has been stopped. It is most commonly used during measles and polio epidemics to quickly stop the spread and contain the outbreak.[2][3]

## Contents

* 1 Mathematical model
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Mathematical model[edit | edit source]

Where T= time units is a constant fraction p of susceptible subjects vaccinated in a relatively short time. This yields the differential equations for the susceptible and vaccinated subjects as[citation needed]

d S d t = μ N − μ S − β I N S , S ( n T + ) = ( 1 − p ) S ( n T − ) n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … {\displaystyle {\frac {dS}{dt}}=\mu N-\mu S-\beta {\frac {I}{N}}S,S(nT^{+})=(1-p)S(nT^{-})n=0,1,2,\dots }

d V d t = − μ V , V ( n T + ) = V ( n T − ) + p S ( n T − ) n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … {\displaystyle {\frac {dV}{dt}}=-\mu V,V(nT^{+})=V(nT^{-})+pS(nT^{-})n=0,1,2,\dots }

Further, by setting I = 0, one obtains that the dynamics of the susceptible subjects is given by:[4]

S ∗ ( t ) = 1 − p 1 − ( 1 − p ) E − μ T E − μ M O D ( t , T ) {\displaystyle S^{*}(t)=1-{\frac {p}{1-(1-p)E^{-\mu T}}}E^{-\mu MOD(t,T)}}

and that the eradication condition is:[5]

R 0 ∫ 0 T S ∗ ( t ) d t < 1 {\displaystyle R_{0}\int _{0}^{T}{S^{*}(t)dt}<1}

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Critical community size
* Epidemic model
* Herd immunity
* Pulse Polio
* Ring vaccination
* Vaccine-naive

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Inaba, Hisashi (2017). "9.5. Applications in epidemiology". Age-Structured Population Dynamics in Demography and Epidemiology. Singapore: Springer. p. 480\. ISBN 978-981-10-0187-1. Archived from the original on 2022-06-19. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
2. ↑ Nokes, DJ., Swinton, J. The control of childhood viral infections by pulse vaccination.IMA J Math Appl Med Biol. 1995;12(1):29-53.
3. ↑ Nokes, DJ., Swinton, J. Vaccination in pulses: a strategy for global eradication of measles and polio?Trends Microbiol. 1997 Jan;5(1):14-9.
4. ↑ Shulgin, BV., Stone L., Agur, Z. Pulse vaccination strategy in the SIR epidemic model. Bull Math Biol. 1998 Nov;60(6):1123-1148.
5. ↑ Stone L., Shulgin, B., Agur, Z. Theoretical examination of the pulse vaccination policy in the SIR epidemic model. Mathematical and computer modelling, 2000, 31 (4), 207-215

## External links[edit | edit source]

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