Linux for mobile devices

Short description: none

Linux for mobile devices, sometimes referred to as mobile Linux, is the usage of Linux-based operating systems on portable devices, whose primary or only Human interface device (HID) is a touchscreen. It mainly comprises smartphones and tablet computers, but also some mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) portable media players that come with a touchscreen separately.

Mobile Linux is a relatively recent addition to the Linux range of use, with Google's Android operating system pioneering the concept. While UBPorts tried to follow suit with Ubuntu Touch, a wider development of free Linux operating systems specifically for mobile devices was only really spurred in the latter 2010s, when various smaller companies started projects to develop open source phones.

## Contents

* 1 Lists
* 1.1 Operating systems
* 1.1.1 Active
* 1.1.2 Discontinued
* 1.2 Smartphones
* 1.3 Middlewares
* 1.4 UI
* 2 See also
* 3 References

## Lists

### Operating systems

This is a list of Linux distros directly targeted towards use with mobile phones, being offered preconfigured with the mobile-oriented software listed below. There are both phone producers who develop their own operating systems and independent developments by community projects. Outside of these, several traditional distros have versions compiled for ARM architecture, which could be configured to use these components. This is done, for example, with Manjaro by the PinePhone.

#### Active

* Android
* /e/
* Android-x86
* Android Go
* EMUI (Non GMS compliant)
* Fire OS
* iodéOS
* Lineage OS
* One UI
* Replicant
* VollaOS
* Wear OS
* GrapheneOS
* Other custom Android distributions

Maemo Timeline Relationships between mer and Tizen

* AsteroidOS (for wearables)
* ChromeOS (for 2-in-1 PC and Chrome Tablet)
* EMUI/HarmonyOS (EMUI 12 onwards)
* KaiOS
* Kindle firmware
* LuneOS[1] (based on HP webOS)
* Maemo Leste (fork of discontinued Maemo based on Devuan)
* Mobian (based on Debian)
* Mobile NixOS[2] (based on NixOS)
* postmarketOS (based on Alpine Linux)
* PureOS
* Sailfish OS (based on Nemo Mobile)
* SHR
* SteamOS (Powering Steam Deck)
* Tizen
* Ubuntu Touch (discontinued by Canonical, adopted by UBports Community)
* webOS
* Kali NetHunter Pro (Based on Android and Kali linux)

#### Discontinued

* Bada
* Firefox OS
* MeeGo
* Moblin
* Openmoko Linux
* OpenZaurus

### Smartphones

Cell phone convergence with the Librem 5

Phones with Linux preinstalled:

* Librem 5
* Necuno
* PinePhone
* Volla Phone
* XFone

### Middlewares

* BusyBox – small footprint alternative to GNU Core Utilities, under GNU GPLv2
* Fcitx
* Halium
* Intelligent Input Bus
* Maliit
* mer
* Smart Common Input Method
* Toybox – BSD licensed alternative to BusyBox
* Uim

### UI

* GPE Palmtop Environment
* MauiShell (and MauiKit)[3][4][5]
* Phosh[6]
* Plasma Mobile[7]
* Lomiri (previously known as Unity8)

## See also

* Anbox – allows Android apps to run on Linux distributions

* v
* t
* e

Embedded systems

General terms|

* ASIC
* Board support package
* Bootloader
* Consumer electronics
* Cross compiler
* Embedded database
* Embedded hypervisor
* Embedded OS
* Embedded software
* FPGA
* IoT
* Memory footprint
* Microcontroller
* Single-board computer
* Raspberry Pi
* SoC

Firmware and controls|

* Closed platform
* Crippleware
* Custom firmware
* Defective by Design
* Hacking of consumer electronics
* Homebrew (video games)
* iOS jailbreaking
* PlayStation 3 Jailbreak
* Proprietary firmware
* Rooting (Android)
* Vendor lock-in

Software libraries|

* uClibc
* dietlibc
* Embedded GLIBC
* lwIP
* musl

Programming tools|

* Almquist shell
* Bitbake
* Buildroot
* BusyBox
* OpenEmbedded
* Stand-alone shell
* Toybox
* Yocto Project

Operating systems|

* Linux on embedded systems
* Linux for mobile devices
* Light-weight Linux distribution
* Real-time operating system
* Windows IoT
* Win CE

Programming languages|

* Ada
* Assembly language
* CAPL
* Embedded C
* Embedded C++
* Embedded Java
* MISRA C

* Lightweight browsers
* Open-source computing hardware
* Open-source robotics

* v
* t
* e

Linux

Linux kernel|

* History
* Kernel
* Linus's law
* Linux-libre
* Linux startup process
* Linux kernel oops
* Tux
* more…

Controversies|

* Criticism of Linux
* Criticism of desktop Linux
* GNU/Linux naming controversy
* Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
* SCO and Linux

Distributions|

* General comparison
* Distributions list
* Netbook-specific comparison
* Distributions that run from RAM
* Lightweight
* Security-focused operating system
* Proprietary software for Linux
* Package manager
* Package format
* List of software package managers

Organizations|

* LinuxChix
* Linux Counter
* Linux Documentation Project
* Linux Foundation
* Linux Mark Institute
* Linux User Group (LUG)

Adoption|

* Adopters
* Desktop
* Embedded
* Gaming
* Mobile
* Range of use

Media|

* DistroWatch
* Free Software Magazine
* Full Circle
* Linux.com
* Linux Format
* Linux Gazette
* Linux Journal
* Linux Magazine
* LinuxUser
* Ubuntu User
* Linux Outlaws
* Linux Voice
* LugRadio
* LWN.net
* Open Source For You
* Phoronix
* Revolution OS
* The Code

* Linux
* Linux kernel features
* Portal
* WikiProject

## References

1. ↑ "Running Linux on your smartphone: everything you need to know in 2019" (in en). https://tuxphones.com/2019-everything-running-linux-smartphone-guide/.
2. ↑ "NixOS on my phone?" (in en). https://mobile.nixos.org/.
3. ↑ Crume, Jacob (30 December 2021). "Maui Shell is Here, Ushering in a New Era of Desktop Linux". It's FOSS – News. https://news.itsfoss.com/maui-shell-unveiled/.
4. ↑ "Maui Shell is a Beautiful Vision for the Future of Linux". OMG! Ubuntu!. 27 December 2021. https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/12/maui-shell-convergent-desktop-for-linux-devices.
5. ↑ Higuita, Camilo (26 December 2021). "Introducing Maui Shell". https://nxos.org/maui/introducing-maui-shell/.
6. ↑ "Phosh". https://developer.puri.sm/Librem5/Software_Reference/Environments/Phosh.html.
7. ↑ "Plasma Mobile". https://www.plasma-mobile.org/get/.

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