Socialist Party USA

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The Socialist Party USA is a political party. According to the organization, the SPUSA "strives to establish a radical democracy that places people's lives under their own control -- a classless, feminist, socialist society free of racism, sexism, homophobia or transphobia, in which people cooperate at work, at home, and in the community." The group is headquartered in New York, New York.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 1.1 Ballot access for political parties
* 2 Socialist Party National Committee
* 3 History
* 4 Party values
* 5 Leadership
* 5.1 National party officers
* 5.2 National committee
* 6 Presidential elections
* 6.1 2020
* 6.2 2016
* 7 Recent news
* 8 See also
* 9 Footnotes

## Background[edit]

### Ballot access for political parties[edit]

See also: List of political parties in the United States

As of January 2025, there were at least 55 distinct ballot-qualified political parties in the United States. There were 238 state-level parties.[2] Some parties are recognized in multiple states. For example, both the Democratic Party and the Republican Party are recognized in all 50 states and Washington, D.C..[3][4][5] Three minor parties were recognized in more than 10 states as of January 2025:

1. Libertarian Party: 38 states
2. Green Party: 23 states[6]
3. Constitution Party: 12 states[7]

Although there are dozens of political parties in the United States, only certain parties qualify to have the names of their candidates for office printed on election ballots. In order to qualify for ballot placement, a party must meet certain requirements that vary from state to state. For example, in some states, a party may have to file a petition in order to qualify for ballot placement. In other states, a party must organize around a candidate for a specific office; that candidate must, in turn, win a percentage of the vote in order for the party to be granted ballot status. In still other states, an aspiring political party must register a certain number of voters.

The number of ballot-qualified political parties fluctuates as parties gain or lose qualified status. In addition, some states distinguish between major parties and minor parties. Specific differences between major and minor parties differ from state to state. For example, in all states, major parties are granted access to primary elections. Some states, however, do not permit minor parties to participate in primary elections. Consequently, minor party candidates in these states can run only in general elections.[3]

The table below lists all ballot-qualified political parties in each state as of January 2025. Click "[show]" to expand the table.[3]

Ballot-qualified parties by state, January 2025State| Political party

|

Alabama| Democratic Party of Alabama
Alabama| Republican Party of Alabama
Alaska| Alaskan Independence Party
Alaska| Democratic Party of Alaska
Alaska| Libertarian Party of Alaska
Alaska| Republican Party of Alaska
Arizona| Democratic Party of Arizona
Arizona| Green Party of Arizona
Arizona| Libertarian Party of Arizona
Arizona| No Labels Party of Arizona
Arizona| Republican Party of Arizona
Arkansas| Democratic Party of Arkansas
Arkansas| Libertarian Party of Arkansas
Arkansas| Republican Party of Arkansas
California| American Independent Party of California
California| Democratic Party of California
California| Green Party of California
California| Libertarian Party of California
California| Peace and Freedom Party of California
California| Republican Party of California
Colorado| American Constitution Party of Colorado
Colorado| Approval Voting Party of Colorado
Colorado| Colorado Center Party
Colorado| Democratic Party of Colorado
Colorado| Green Party of Colorado
Colorado| Libertarian Party of Colorado
Colorado| No Labels Party of Colorado
Colorado| Republican Party of Colorado
Colorado| Unity Party of Colorado
Connecticut| Democratic Party of Connecticut
Connecticut| Green Party of Connecticut
Connecticut| Independent Party of Connecticut
Connecticut| Libertarian Party of Connecticut
Connecticut| Republican Party of Connecticut
Connecticut| Working Families Party of Connecticut
D.C.| D.C. Statehood Green Party
D.C.| Democratic Party of Washington, D.C.
D.C.| Libertarian Party of Washington, D.C.
D.C.| Republican Party of Washington, D.C.
Delaware| Democratic Party of Delaware
Delaware| Green Party of Delaware
Delaware| Independent Party of Delaware
Delaware| Libertarian Party of Delaware
Delaware| Republican Party of Delaware
Florida| American Solidarity Party of Florida
Florida| Boricua Party of Florida
Florida| Coalition with a Purpose Party of Florida
Florida| Conservative Party of Florida
Florida| Constitution Party of Florida
Florida| Democratic Party of Florida
Florida| Ecology Party of Florida
Florida| Florida Forward Party
Florida| Florida Natural Law Party
Florida| Green Party of Florida
Florida| Independent Party of Florida
Florida| Jeffersonian Party of Florida
Florida| Libertarian Party of Florida
Florida| Party for Socialism and Liberation of Florida
Florida| Reform Party of Florida
Florida| Republican Party of Florida
Georgia| Democratic Party of Georgia
Georgia| Republican Party of Georgia
Hawaii| AlohaʻĀina Party
Hawaii| Constitution Party of Hawaii
Hawaii| Democratic Party of Hawaii
Hawaii| Green Party of Hawaii
Hawaii| Libertarian Party of Hawaii
Hawaii| Republican Party of Hawaii
Idaho| Constitution Party of Idaho
Idaho| Democratic Party of Idaho
Idaho| Libertarian Party of Idaho
Idaho| Republican Party of Idaho
Illinois| Democratic Party of Illinois
Illinois| Republican Party of Illinois
Indiana| Democratic Party of Indiana
Indiana| Libertarian Party of Indiana
Indiana| Republican Party of Indiana
Iowa| Democratic Party of Iowa
Iowa| Libertarian Party of Iowa
Iowa| Republican Party of Iowa
Kansas| Democratic Party of Kansas
Kansas| Libertarian Party of Kansas
Kansas| Republican Party of Kansas
Kentucky| Democratic Party of Kentucky
Kentucky| Republican Party of Kentucky
Louisiana| Democratic Party of Louisiana
Louisiana| Green Party of Louisiana
Louisiana| Independent Party of Louisiana
Louisiana| Libertarian Party of Louisiana
Louisiana| Republican Party of Louisiana
Maine| Democratic Party of Maine
Maine| Green Independent Party of Maine
Maine| Libertarian Party of Maine
Maine| No Labels Party of Maine
Maine| Republican Party of Maine
Maryland| Democratic Party of Maryland
Maryland| Green Party of Maryland
Maryland| Libertarian Party of Maryland
Maryland| Republican Party of Maryland
Maryland| Working Class Party of Maryland
Massachusetts| Democratic Party of Massachusetts
Massachusetts| Libertarian Party of Massachusetts
Massachusetts| Republican Party of Massachusetts
Michigan| Democratic Party of Michigan
Michigan| Green Party of Michigan
Michigan| Libertarian Party of Michigan
Michigan| Natural Law Party of Michigan
Michigan| Republican Party of Michigan
Michigan| U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan
Michigan| Working Class Party of Michigan
Minnesota| Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party of Minnesota
Minnesota| Grassroots-Legalize Cannabis Party of Minnesota
Minnesota| Green Party of Minnesota
Minnesota| Independence Party of Minnesota
Minnesota| Legal Marijuana Now Party of Minnesota
Minnesota| Libertarian Party of Minnesota
Minnesota| Republican Party of Minnesota
Mississippi| America First Party of Mississippi
Mississippi| Democratic Party of Mississippi
Mississippi| Justice Party of Mississippi
Mississippi| Libertarian Party of Mississippi
Mississippi| Reform Party of Mississippi
Mississippi| Republican Party of Mississippi
Missouri| Constitution Party of Missouri
Missouri| Democratic Party of Missouri
Missouri| Green Party of Missouri
Missouri| Libertarian Party of Missouri
Missouri| Republican Party of Missouri
Montana| Democratic Party of Montana
Montana| Green Party of Montana
Montana| Libertarian Party of Montana
Montana| Republican Party of Montana
Nebraska| Democratic Party of Nebraska
Nebraska| Legal Marijuana Now Party of Nebraska
Nebraska| Libertarian Party of Nebraska
Nebraska| Republican Party of Nebraska
Nevada| Democratic Party of Nevada
Nevada| Independent American Party of Nevada
Nevada| Libertarian Party of Nevada
Nevada| No Labels Party of Nevada
Nevada| Republican Party of Nevada
New Hampshire| Democratic Party of New Hampshire
New Hampshire| Republican Party of New Hampshire
New Jersey| Democratic Party of New Jersey
New Jersey| Republican Party of New Jersey
New Mexico| Democratic Party of New Mexico
New Mexico| Green Party of New Mexico
New Mexico| Libertarian Party of New Mexico
New Mexico| Republican Party of New Mexico
New Mexico| Working Families Party of New Mexico
New York| Conservative Party of New York
New York| Democratic Party of New York
New York| Republican Party of New York
New York| Working Families Party of New York
North Carolina| Democratic Party of North Carolina
North Carolina| Green Party of North Carolina
North Carolina| Libertarian Party of North Carolina
North Carolina| No Labels Party of North Carolina
North Carolina| Republican Party of North Carolina
North Dakota| Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party of North Dakota
North Dakota| Republican Party of North Dakota
Ohio| Democratic Party of Ohio
Ohio| Republican Party of Ohio
Ohio| Libertarian Party of Ohio
Oklahoma| Democratic Party of Oklahoma
Oklahoma| Libertarian Party of Oklahoma
Oklahoma| Republican Party of Oklahoma
Oregon| Constitution Party of Oregon
Oregon| Democratic Party of Oregon
Oregon| Green Party of Oregon
Oregon| Independent Party of Oregon
Oregon| Libertarian Party of Oregon
Oregon| No Labels Party of Oregon
Oregon| Pacific Green Party of Oregon
Oregon| Progressive Party of Oregon
Oregon| Republican Party of Oregon
Oregon| Working Families Party of Oregon
Pennsylvania| Democratic Party of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania| Green Party of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania| Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania| Republican Party of Pennsylvania
Rhode Island| Democratic Party of Rhode Island
Rhode Island| Republican Party of Rhode Island
South Carolina| Alliance Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Constitution Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Democratic Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Forward Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Green Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Labor Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Libertarian Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Republican Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| United Citizens Party of South Carolina
South Carolina| Workers Party of South Carolina
South Dakota| Democratic Party of South Dakota
South Dakota| Libertarian Party of South Dakota
South Dakota| No Labels Party of South Dakota
South Dakota| Republican Party of South Dakota
Tennessee| Democratic Party of Tennessee
Tennessee| Republican Party of Tennessee
Texas| Democratic Party of Texas
Texas| Green Party of Texas
Texas| Libertarian Party of Texas
Texas| Republican Party of Texas
Utah| Constitution Party of Utah
Utah| Democratic Party of Utah
Utah| Independent American Party of Utah
Utah| Libertarian Party of Utah
Utah| Republican Party of Utah
Utah| United Utah Party
Vermont| Democratic Party of Vermont
Vermont| Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party of Vermont
Vermont| Libertarian Party of Vermont
Vermont| Progressive Party of Vermont
Vermont| Republican Party of Vermont
Virginia| Democratic Party of Virginia
Virginia| Republican Party of Virginia
Washington| Democratic Party of Washington
Washington| Republican Party of Washington
West Virginia| Democratic Party of West Virginia
West Virginia| Libertarian Party of West Virginia
West Virginia| Mountain Party of West Virginia
West Virginia| Republican Party of West Virginia
Wisconsin| Constitution Party of Wisconsin
Wisconsin| Democratic Party of Wisconsin
Wisconsin| Green Party of Wisconsin
Wisconsin| Libertarian Party of Wisconsin
Wisconsin| Republican Party of Wisconsin
Wyoming| Constitution Party of Wyoming
Wyoming| Democratic Party of Wyoming
Wyoming| Libertarian Party of Wyoming
Wyoming| Republican Party of Wyoming

## Socialist Party National Committee[edit]

The Socialist Party National Committee (SPNC) provides national leadership for the Socialist Party USA. Committee members are elected during the biennial Socialist Party USA National Convention.

As of November 2021, the co-chairs of the SPNC were Stephanie Cholensky and Pat Noble.[8]

## History[edit]

The Socialist Party USA can trace its roots to the Socialist Party of America, which was founded in 1901. The The Socialist Party of America splintered during the early 1970s and formed the Social Democrats USA, which aimed to support socialist principles from within the Democratic Party, and the Socialist Party USA, which coalesced to continue the tradition of the Socialist Party of America and support independent socialist candidates for public office. The Socialist Party USA was officially founded at the party's first convention on Memorial Day, 1973, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[9]

## Party values[edit]

The 2022-2023 platform for the Socialist Party USA is as follows:[10]

“  |

The Socialist Party stands for the abolition of every form of domination and exploitation, whether based on social class, gender, race/ethnicity, age, education, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.

We are committed to the abolition of capitalism through the creation of a socialist society based on compassion, empathy, and respect as well as the development of new social structures. Socialism will establish a new social and economic order in which workers and community members will take responsibility for and control of their interpersonal relationships, their neighborhoods, the local government, and the production and distribution of all goods and services.

For these reasons, we call for social ownership and democratic control of productive resources, for a guarantee to all of the right to participate in societal production, and to a fair share of society’s product, in accordance with individual needs.

As we pursue a socialist transformation of society, we join with others in making radical demands on the existing system: demands that challenge the basic assumptions of a capitalist market economy while pointing the way to a new society. Although reforms will not in themselves bring about socialism, the fight for them will advance the cause by demonstrating the inherent limitations and injustice of the capitalist system. As we build the socialist movement, we organize around a platform committed to our common and interdependent struggles and aspirations.

Economics
The Socialist Party stands for a fundamental transformation of the economy, focusing on production for need, not profit. So-called fair trade is meaningless as long as the world economy is dominated by a few massive corporations. Only a global transformation from capitalism to socialism will provide the conditions for international peace, justice, and economic cooperation based on the large-scale transfer of resources and technology from developed to the developing countries.

1. We call for worker and community ownership and control of corporations within the framework of a decentralized and democratically determined economic plan.
2. We call for a minimum wage of $25 per hour, indexed to the cost of living.
3. We demand the immediate withdrawal of the United States from neoliberal trade agreements, such as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement and the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), and we oppose the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and Trans-Pacific Partnership.
4. We call for a full employment policy. We support the provision of a livable guaranteed annual income.
5. We call for all financial and insurance institutions to be socially owned and operated by a democratically-controlled national banking authority, which should include credit unions, mutual insurance cooperatives, and cooperative state banks. In the meantime, we call for reregulation of the banking and insurance industries.
6. We call for a steeply graduated income tax and a steeply graduated estate tax, and a maximum income of no more than ten times the minimum. We oppose regressive taxes such as payroll tax, sales tax, and property taxes.
7. We call for the restoration of the capital gains tax and luxury tax on a progressive, graduated scale.
8. We call for compensation to communities-- and compensation, re-training, and other support services for workers-- affected by plant and military base closings as stop-gap measures until we reach our goal of creating a socialist society totally separate from the global capitalist economy.
9. We oppose the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization as instruments of capitalist oppression throughout the world.
10. We demand cancellation of Third World debt.
11. We call for a National Pension Authority to hold the assets of private pension funds, and a levy against corporate assets for any pension fund deficits.
12. We call for increased and expanded welfare assistance and increased and expanded unemployment compensation at 100% of a worker's previous income or the minimum wage, whichever is higher, for the full period of unemployment or re-training, whichever is longer.
13. We support a program of massive federal investment in both urban and rural areas for infrastructure reconstruction and economic development.
14. We support tax benefits for renters equal to those for homeowners.
15. We call for the elimination of subsidies and tax breaks that benefit corporations and all other forms of corporate welfare.
16. We oppose the court-created precedent of “corporate personhood” that illegitimately gives corporations rights that were intended for human beings.
17. We call for a 100-percent capital flight tax on runaway industry.

International
The United States is the sole remaining global superpower. The U.S. government uses its overwhelming military power to consolidate its strategic hold over the entire world and to defend and advance the interests of U.S. owned corporations as they exploit the working people and natural resources of the entire planet. We stand in total opposition to U.S. imperialism and the current “war on terror” which is just another subterfuge for U.S. imperialism.

1. We call for the closing of all U.S. military facilities at home and abroad that train foreign military and paramilitary personnel.
2. We call for the United States to immediately and unconditionally withdraw its forces from all non-US territories offensively engaged by the United States in the so-called War on Terror.
3. We call for the immediate lifting of the U.S. embargo against Cuba and an end to the U.S. occupation of Guantanamo Bay.
4. We endorse the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions movement put forth by the State of Palestine. We support the Right of Return of Palestinian refugees, the end of the occupation of the State of Palestine, oppose the apartheid policies of the Israeli government and all aid to Israel. We support the creation of an inclusive, secular, and democratic state in Palestine.
5. We support an immediate cut-off of all U.S. military aid to Colombia, and all other recipients.
6. We call for the abolition of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, and all other institutions of covert warfare.
7. We stand for unconditional disarmament by the United States.
8. We call for an international treaty outlawing all weapons of mass destruction, including all nuclear weapons and use of depleted uranium in conventional weapons.
9. We call for an immediate 50% cut in the military budget, followed by additional cuts, with the aim of rapidly reducing the military budget to less than 10% of its current level, with the "peace dividend" directed to essential social services and to the cost of cleaning up contaminated military sites.
10. We call for the disbanding of NATO and all other aggressive military alliances, and the closing of all overseas bases.
11. We call for an end to U.S. arms sales throughout the world.
12. We call for the U.S. to pay off its debt to the United Nations, an end to veto power in the UN, and an end to permanent membership on the UN Security Council.
13. We call for a constitutional amendment requiring a binding vote of the people on all issues of war or military intervention.
14. We support the right of soldiers to form unions to represent their views and interests.
15. We call for the end of manufacturing and the use of Unmanned Aerial Devices (drones) for the purpose of domestic and international spying and warfare.
16. We call for repeal of the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF).

Labor
The Socialist Party stands for the right of all workers to organize, for worker control of industry through the democratic organization of the workplace, for the social ownership of the means of production and distribution, and for international solidarity among working people based on common opposition to global capitalism and imperialism. We believe that the international organization of labor is the only way of combating the exploitation of workers in a global capitalist economy. Working people have no country, but rather an international bond based on class. Workers throughout the world have far more in common with each other across national boundaries than with their bosses in their own countries. Ultimately a socialist revolution must be an international revolution that cannot survive if confined to individual countries amidst capitalist imperialism.

1. We support the right of any number of interested workers in a workplace to form a union with no limits on the subjects upon which employees and unions may bargain with employers.
2. We support the right of public sector workers to strike.
3. We call for recognizing a union based on cards signed.
4. We call for the democratic control of all unions by their membership, and independent of employer domination and influence.
5. We support the right of all workers to engage in collective action and self-representation regardless of union status.
6. We support militant, united labor action including hot cargo agreements, and boycotts, factory committees, secondary and sympathy strikes, sit-down strikes, general strikes, and ultimately the expropriation of workplaces.
7. We support the right of workers to hold shop meetings on company premises, elect their immediate supervisors, and administer health and safety programs through the formation of shop councils.
8. We call for the repeal of the Hatch Act and the Taft-Hartley Act, the "hot cargo" provision of the Landrum-Griffin Act, and all so-called "right-to-work" laws.
9. We call for workers, no matter their full or part-time status, to have full benefits..
10. We call for increased health and safety regulation of business, and for increasing the size and enforcement power of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
11. We support the creation of a fund for workers which would pay a worker’s full wages and health insurance as well as necessary educational and/or retraining costs if that worker loses a job due to environmental transition, down-sizing, corporate dismantlement, or capital flight.
12. We call for a 30-hour work week at no loss of pay, with six weeks annual paid vacation.
13. We call for unions to stop using union funds for electing candidates from the Democratic and Republican parties.
14. We call for the end of the decades-long exclusion of farm workers and domestic workers from receiving overtime pay.
15. We call for the abolition of unpaid internships throughout all industries, including nonprofit organizations.
16. We call for an end to any academic requirements that force students to work without pay.
17. We call for students and college and university workers, including but not limited to athletes, interns, and graduate students, to unionize within and across their respective departments, and for student athletes to unionize within all athletic divisions.”
18. We call for the decriminalization of prostitution and demand that sex workers, just like all workers, are guaranteed a full range of health, social, and legal services; and working conditions free from harassment, violence, and exploitation.

Human Rights
LGBTQ+ People
The Socialist Party recognizes the human and civil rights of all, without regard to sexual orientation.

1. We call for the end of all anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ+) restrictions in law and the workplace, the repeal of all sodomy laws, and the legalization of same-sex marriage.
2. We call on all schools to adopt policies and procedures to address and prevent student violence and to ban discrimination against LGBTQ+ people throughout the educational system.
3. We call for a federal ban on all forms of job discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.
4. We are committed to confronting the heterosexism that provides the fertile ground for homophobic violence and support all efforts toward fostering understanding and cooperation among persons and groups of differing sexual orientations.
5. We call for the right of transgender and nonbinary people to obtain drivers' licenses and government identification corresponding to their gender identities
6. We oppose all laws aimed at denying transgender people access to bathrooms and other public facilities consistent with their gender identities.
7. We call for a federal ban on discrimination against LGBTQ+ people by adoption and foster care agencies and healthcare providers.

People of Color
The Socialist Party recognizes the intimate link between racism and capitalism and demands the elimination of all forms of discrimination in housing, jobs, education, health care, etc. We are committed to the creation of a pluralistic society that defends and promotes a multicultural/multiethnic presence in both the public and private spheres. The Socialist Party rejects the social construction of race and we commit ourselves to the eradication of racism.​

1. We strongly support affirmative action, civil rights, and anti-discrimination laws and programs to end institutional racism.
2. We call for reparations from the federal government for its role in the slave trade and the genocide of Native American nations, with the reparations programs administered by the oppressed communities themselves.
3. We support the efforts of people of color to self-defense, self-determination, and to organize independently for their liberation.
4. We oppose all efforts to declare English an official language and call for an end to all language discrimination. We demand that all public and private institutions provide services and materials in the languages of their communities.

People with Disabilities

1. The Socialist Party recognizes the human and civil rights of all, without regard to physical or psychological differences. We deplore media stereotypes that focus on a person's disability rather than on their strengths and abilities and the physical and social barriers that prevent the full participation of people with disabilities in vital spheres of life.
2. We call for full enforcement of all sections of the Americans with Disabilities Act so that all public and private buildings, facilities, and modes of transportation are accessible to disabled people, and every effort is made to employ persons with disabilities.
3. We oppose any effort to limit the protections of the Americans with Disabilities Act by restricting the definition of who is considered a person with a disability, and we call for an amendment to the act that would permit punitive damages for the complainants in ADA cases.
4. We call for enforcement of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that mandates equal employment practices and physical accessibility for entities receiving federal funding, and call for the removal of the prohibition against the right of private action presently contained in Section 504.
5. We call for full funding for a network of support for people with physical, mental, and developmental disabilities, including home assistance, recreation centers, guaranteed income, voting access, and quality control in residential facilities; and for the inclusion of people with disabilities on all local and state governing boards and commissions.
6. We call for the continuation of full Social Security benefits for people with disabilities who are able to work part-time, and affirmative action quotas for hiring people with disabilities at union wages.
7. We oppose any efforts of the federal government to further limit access to SSDI (Supplemental Security Disability Income Insurance) by restricting their definitions of who is considered a person with a disability.
8. We call for the full funding of high-quality education and training programs for people with disabilities, and an expansion of the Individuals with Disabilities In Education Act (IDEA) which would include greater funding for the hiring of paraprofessionals in public schools.
9. We call for an amendment of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act to include a prohibition against the denial of credit based on disability.

Seniors
The Socialist Party recognizes the right of seniors to a dignified life, free from economic hardship, social isolation, and discrimination in employment and credit. Sufficient income, housing, health care, medication, and access to social services must be guaranteed to all elders.

1. We oppose the privatization of the Social Security system and the use of Social Security trust funds for any other purpose, such as offsetting the federal deficit.
2. We demand that the Social Security system remain entirely within the public sector, with funding derived from a steeply graduated income tax on all income, earned and unearned.
3. We call for the inclusion of all state and local government workers within the Social Security System.
4. We call for the right of retirement at age 55 a minimum annual retirement income of $25,000, tax-free, and protected from inflation by cost of living increases.
5. We call for a cap on Social Security benefits so that no beneficiary receives more than three times the income of those receiving the minimum.
6. We support an increase in home service, including home-delivered quality meals and the provision of personal aid devices and physical therapy, so that older people can remain independent in their homes and community.
7. We call for jobs and training for seniors who do not wish to retire.
8. We support the formation of publicly funded and democratically controlled senior centers that provide opportunities for social and recreational activities and community involvement.
9. We call for the election of advocates and ombudspersons by assemblies of seniors and caregivers to ensure the protection of residents’ rights in nursing homes and a stimulating environment in group and nursing home situations.
10. We support hospice care, and a person's right to die with dignity in a manner of their choosing.

Women
The Socialist Party is a socialist feminist organization that recognizes that a struggle against habitual male dominance and patriarchy must go hand in hand with any struggle against capitalism. Therefore, we pledge our opposition to all forms of sexism, and demand equality in all aspects of life.

1. We demand full support for every woman's right to choose when, if, and how to have children, including the right to free abortion on demand at any stage of pregnancy, without interference or coercion. Clinics providing abortion services must have the full protection of the law.
2. We call for the repeal of the Hyde Amendment and all other legislation that limits access to abortion services, thus denying "the right to choose" to millions of women, particularly low-income women, women of color, and young women.
3. We demand full reproductive freedom for all women by removing all discriminating barriers to reproductive rights and reproductive health care.
4. We call for the banning of all involuntary sterilizations. We oppose the performing of any medical research or medical procedure without a woman's full knowledge and consent.
5. We demand that local governments place a priority on preventing violence toward women, with coordinated programs to educate, provide shelter for women and children, and vigorously protect women from their abusers.
6. We call for 16 months paid leave to be shared by new parents or in its entirety by a single parent, and the expansion and full-funding of high-quality child care facilities.
7. We support comprehensive educational and training opportunities, comparable worth laws, and affirmative action for women. We believe that women should be able to enter any occupation they choose, without hindrance.
8. We believe that women should be free to improve their working lives through unions and other organizations, and that work at home, including child care, should be shared to enable women to fully participate in society.
9. We call for organizational structure based on mutual consideration and respect, rotating leadership, gender balance, and processes that welcome and enable open and equitable participation in discussion and decision-making.

Youth
The Socialist Party believes that the right of all children to nurturing, protection, and education by caring adults must be staunchly upheld, and that a young person does not have fewer rights because he or she is a minor. Therefore, we believe that all Constitutional and human rights belonging to older people belong to younger people as well, and must be defended with equal vigor and determination.

1. We support the immediate ratification by the United States of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
2. We call for children's allowances that will help ensure that every child's basic rights and needs are satisfied in a stimulating, empowering, and caring environment. We support free, quality care and education for all children and young people, federally financed and community-controlled through democratically elected local boards that will include youth members.
3. We support the rights of minors to be free of any kind of child abuse or neglect whether physical, mental, emotional, or sexual.
4. We oppose measures that increase responsibilities and penalties on youth ostensibly to curb crime.
5. We call for an end to military draft registration, and an end to military recruiting in educational institutions.
6. We call for the abolition of parent consent and notification laws for reproductive health services, including abortion.
7. We call for the right to comprehensive sex education in school that includes birth control methods, STD protection, and information about being LGBTQ.
8. We call for the lowering of the voting age to 15.
9. We oppose age-based curfew laws.

Human Needs
Arts and Culture
The Socialist Party believes that art is an integral part of daily life, and should not be treated as a commodity produced by the activity of an elite group. All members of society should have ample opportunities for participation in art and cultural activities.

1. We support the formation of collectives, arts centers and schools, independent media, theaters and festivals to advance such cultural endeavors as music, poetry, prose, drama, dance, storytelling, visual art, and videography.
2. We support guaranteed incomes and grants for artists and performers.
3. We support making schools and workplaces available as cultural centers.
4. We call for full funding of community and school arts programs for people of all ages.
5. We call for full funding to keep libraries, museums, cultural centers, and historic sites open and accessible to all.
6. We call for the preservation of literature art, music, dance, oral traditions, and audio and video recordings that have arisen out of people's experiences: young and old, of all nationalities and colors, sexual preferences, working, un- and under-employed, and disabled.
7. We support the autonomy of artists of color, women artists, and disabled artists in their creative work.
8. We support the right of artists to join and form unions to protect their labor rights and to form collectives to advance common artistic visions.

Education
The Socialist Party recognizes the right of students of all ages to a free, quality education in a safe and supportive environment, and of all school employees to good wages, benefits, and working conditions.

1. We call for full and equal funding of public education; for the restoration of a comprehensive K-12 curriculum, including art, music, world languages, and physical education; for an end to all public funding of private, religious, and charter schools; and for free tuition and full-time teachers with full benefits at the post-secondary level.
2. We demand equal access to higher education for all people and support publicly funded higher education.
3. We call for the forgiveness of all outstanding federal student loans and believe that students should not be saddled with decades of debt simply because they pursue higher education.
4. We support public child care starting from infancy, and public education starting at age three, with caregivers and teachers of young children receiving training, wages, and benefits comparable to that of teachers at every other level of the educational system.
5. We oppose merit pay for teachers, standardized testing, competition between schools within the same district, the sale of on-campus advertising in order to raise funds, and the increasing dependence of post-secondary institutions on corporate funding.
6. We call for an egalitarian educational system with teaching methods that accommodate the wide range of teaching and learning styles, and that provides all students with the means to obtain the post-secondary education they desire. We call a maximum of 15 students per teacher for grades K-12, and a maximum of 50 students per teacher at the post-secondary level.
7. We call for vigorous affirmative action programs so that the faculty and student-body of all schools reflect the community at large in terms of race/ethnicity, gender, and economic background. We support multicultural, multilingual, experimental education at all levels.
8. We support student, parent, and teacher control of curriculum formation, and in the hiring and dismissal procedures of school personnel, through the formation of local school/community committees.
9. We call for student representation on school boards, and for those boards to be fully accountable to students, parents, teachers, and school workers.
10. We call for opportunities for lifelong self-education, with retraining programs and transitional financial support for workers displaced by technological advances.
11. We support full and unrestricted health education programs, including sex education, with curriculum input from parents, students, teachers, and health care professionals.
12. We oppose school-sponsored prayer or any other religious practice in public schools, and all efforts to limit the teaching of evolution or to combine it with non-scientific theories.
13. We call for free and open access to information, including the public ownership of all large databases.
14. We call for the removal of law enforcement officers, including police and private security personnel from elementary, middle, and high schools.

Health Care
The Socialist Party stands for a socialized health care system based on universal coverage, salaried doctors and health care workers, and revenues derived from a steeply graduated income tax.

1. We give critical support to the demand for the immediate abolition of all private health insurance companies through the creation of a single-payer health system. We see single-payer as an important step in the direction of a fully socialized national health program with full medical, dental, vision, and mental health coverage for all. This system would be publicly funded through progressive taxation and controlled by democratically elected assemblies of health care workers and patients. The National Health Program should improve, and replace, Medicare and Medicaid.
2. We call for a health care system that emphasizes preventive care, respects patients' privacy, gives special attention to the needs of the physically and mentally disabled, and conducts treatment and research unimpaired by sexism, racism, or homophobia.
3. We call for full funding for AIDS research, prevention, and treatment. We demand full civil rights for people living with AIDS.
4. We call for public ownership and worker and community control of the pharmaceutical industry.
5. We call for educational programs to help prevent drug addiction; for voluntary treatment programs for addicts and alcoholics; and for the availability of free, sterile needles for those still using IV drugs.
6. We call for the reinstatement of funding to community mental health services so that low-cost or no-cost treatment is available on a voluntary basis, with clients' rights respected. We oppose involuntary incarceration for treatment without due process.
7. We support the right to choose or refuse medical treatment, the right to die, and the right to assisted suicide.
8. We call for full community decision-making regarding the creation, organization or elimination of public health care facilities.

Housing
The Socialist Party recognizes the right of all people to high-quality, low-cost housing.

1. We call for a vast increase in Section 8 housing subsidies as one element of major public investment in the construction of low-cost, scattered-site, community-based, high-quality housing.
2. We call for rent control for all rental units, and the right of tenants to organize.
3. We support the formation of non-profit land trusts and of socially owned, tenant-controlled housing cooperatives.
4. We call for the organization of a housing rehabilitation program aimed at renovating and remodeling existing homes to bring them up to housing and safety codes, as part of a broader public works program.
5. We call for an end to home foreclosures.
6. We demand a housing-first approach to addressing homelessness.

Transportation
The Socialist Party calls for extensive public transportation in both urban and rural areas.

1. We call for the creation of a fully funded high-speed national rail system with fares set low enough to be a viable alternative to the use of the automobile.
2. We call for an end to the expansion of the interstate highway system and the reduction of combustion engine/auto based transport.
3. We call for government-subsidized programs to expand safe routes for foot and bicycle paths.
4. We call for pedestrian ways, accessible by mass transit, which exclude vehicles from the downtown area of cities and towns.
5. We support publicly funded development of renewable fuels.
6. We support federally funded auto insurance.
7. We call for public ownership and worker control of the airline industry.

Civil Rights
Bill of Rights
The Socialist Party is committed to the rights of free speech, free press, free assembly, and personal privacy, and the freedom of religious choice through the separation of church and state.

1. ​We condemn the so-called War on Terrorism and call for the immediate repeal of the USA PATRIOT Act, Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), and the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act.
2. We call for the elimination of the Department of Homeland Security and the sweeping police powers accorded to it.
3. We demand the exclusion of the military from domestic law enforcement.
4. We call for the abolition of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
5. We oppose so-called anti-terrorist measures and criminal code reforms that restrict legitimate dissent.
6. We oppose all forms of censorship both legislative and institutional.
7. We support the actions of all whistle-blowers in revealing acts of oppression towards the working class by the government and oppose any attempts to imprison or punish them for their heroic acts.

Immigration
The Socialist Party works to build a world in which everyone will be able to freely move across borders, to visit and to live wherever they choose. We recognize the central role global capitalism plays in forcing the immigration of people from the less developed to the more industrialized countries, often leading to further economic and social injustice.

1. ​We support secular democratic states, assuring equal rights to every citizen and resident in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
2. We oppose the militarization of the United States/Mexican border, and an increase in the service budget instead of the "military" budget of the INS.
3. We defend the rights of all immigrants to education, health care, and full civil and legal rights and call for an unconditional amnesty program for all undocumented people. We oppose the imposition of any fees on those receiving amnesty.
4. We call for an end to the use of "secret evidence" in deportation hearings, a ban on all immigration detentions and military tribunals, and full due process and habeas corpus rights in U.S. courts for all non-citizens on U.S. territory or in U.S. custody. We demand an end to police raids in areas where immigrants congregate.
5. We oppose "guest worker" programs.
6. We call for full citizenship rights upon demonstrating residency for six months.
7. We call for the elimination of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (I.C.E.) agency and the sweeping police powers accorded to it.

Free and Fair Elections
The Socialist Party stands for political activity independent of the two major corporate parties. We view electoral activity as an important component of the struggle for fundamental social change. Participation as socialists in local, state, and national elections is a valuable way to clarify our position on a wide range of issues, of broadly disseminating our principles and programs, and of asserting and reaffirming our commitment to the democratic process. We believe that capitalism is fundamentally incompatible with democracy and that true democracy can only be achieved with society’s transformation to socialism.

1. We support the public financing of candidates for public office as long as this funding extends to the candidates of alternative political parties.
2. We call for strict limits on the use of personal funds in elections, either for one's own campaign or for that of another candidate.
3. We oppose representation based on anything other than population.
4. We support the introduction of proportional representation at every level of government.
5. We call for uniform ballot access laws for all states that give all political parties a chance to have their candidates on the ballot.
6. We call for the closing of the loophole sanctioned by the Supreme Court which allows candidates to spend an unlimited sum of their personal wealth on their own campaigns.
7. We call for the elimination of the Electoral College and support instant run-off voting of all elected officials.
8. We stand opposed to the disenfranchising of any U.S. citizen by the federal, state, or local government.
9. We demand greater access to media for all political parties and free, equal access to all forms of mass media for all candidates
10. We call for full representation for all U.S. territories, all tribal reservations, and the District of Columbia.
11. We call for the extension of U.S. citizenship to all residents of American Samoa.
12. We call for the restoration of the right to vote for all citizens incarcerated in jails and prisons
13. We call for a mandatory paper trail of all votes to allow for recounts and verification.

Legal Justice
The Socialist Party recognizes the right of all people to equal treatment under the law, and to a humane criminal sanction system based on prevention, mediation, restitution, and rehabilitation rather than on vengeance, forced labor, and profits for the prison-industrial complex. ​

1. We call for free, quality, legal and court services with skilled and experienced attorneys of choice for all.
2. We call for prosecution of the criminal activities of politicians, corporate managers, and other privileged individuals, rather than the over-emphasis on minor infractions by working-class people and for a sliding scale of fines based on income
3. We call for the expansion of community release programs and other alternatives to prisons, and for a moratorium on new prison construction.
4. We call for support services for prisoners and prisoners' families to reduce ostracism, maintain family ties, and provide for non-degrading visitation policies.
5. We call for the immediate closure of all “Supermax” prisons and abolition of “prisons for profit”.
6. We call for the abolition of prison labor for profit, forced labor (“chain gangs”) and the use of prison labor to perform state services.
7. We call for the right of prisoners to organize unions and cooperative groups to negotiate for better living conditions
8. We call for the immediate establishment of completely independent and democratically elected police control and oversight councils, with full power to fire police and to arrest, detain, and indict police officers who brutalize or abuse people or who commit any violation of laws or civil rights and liberties.
9. We call for the ultimate replacement of the police with community residents trained in conflict resolution who live in and serve the community under community control.
10. We call for community response services for crime victims, including the establishment of crisis centers and shelters for victims of domestic violence, spousal and child abuse, and rape and incest.
11. We recognize and support the right of the working class to own and bear arms. We support community--based public training for gun owners.”
12. We call for the decriminalization of drug use and the regulation of narcotics by doctors through the use of prescriptions rather than by the criminal justice system.
13. We call for the redirection of funds spent on the "war on drugs" to comprehensive community-based, client-controlled rehabilitation programs.
14. We call for the abolition of the death penalty.
15. We call for the dismantling of the prison industrial complex through reductions and dismantling of existing prisons, and an end to mass incarceration of people of color.
16. We call for immediate amnesty for all non-violent offenders currently incarcerated.
17. We call for disallowing employers from inquiring about an applicant’s past criminal record not directly related to the occupational task to be performed, including eliminating the check-off box for felons.
18. We call for the automatic restoration of voting rights for current convicted felons, end the revocation of civil rights for anyone convicted of a felony.
19. We call for the conversion of the prison industrial economy to ecologically sound production for use, not for profit.
20. We call for an end to all "3 strikes laws" and mandatory minimum sentencing requirements.”
21. We call for the abolition of all prisons for children and juvenile detention centers, to be replaced with meaningful educational, social, and economic supports.
22. We call for a constitutional change to the 13th Amendment striking the language regarding slavery “except as a punishment for crime"
23. We oppose incarceration as an alternative to assessment and treatment of mental health issues.
24. We call for the repeal of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, the 1984 Sentencing Reform Act, and the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA).
25. We call for the abolition of qualified immunity for police officers and establishment of vicarious liability for police departments.
26. We call for repeal of the Eleventh Amendment and abolition of sovereign immunity.
27. We call for abolition of the power of courts to condition pretrial release on the posting of money bail.

Media and Intellectual Property
An ever-smaller band of huge corporations controls virtually all news and entertainment media. The Socialist Party stands for the right of ordinary people to express opinions and communicate freely by vastly extending the public sector of all forms of mass media. Ultimately, a genuine democratization of the mass media will require a democratic socialist transformation of society. Within such a society, free expression will flourish, allowing for the broadest expression of viewpoints and perspectives.

1. We support the breakup of large media companies so that no one company or individual owns more than one newspaper, radio or television station, or television channel. We call for the re-regulation of the communications industry (in particular, the assertion of public ownership rights over radio and television frequencies).
2. We call for government ownership of satellite and cable companies with revenues generated by these operations allocated to a publicly controlled fund to finance innovative visual and audio programming (including movies), over-the-air radio and television, and cable and satellite programming. The fund would also greatly increase the money going to community cable programming.
3. We support public funding of newspapers and magazines. Any non-profit organization that publishes a journal would receive public funding in proportion to its paid subscriber list.
4. We oppose all efforts to trim "fair use" rights, such as the right to excerpt a copyrighted work in a review.
5. We call for the repeal of all existing copyright extension laws.
6. We oppose legislation to force electronics manufacturers to build "Digital Rights Management" into computers and appliances.
7. We oppose private ownership of the Internet backbone.
8. We call for direct public ownership of at least 50% of the total bandwidth and for democratic ownership and control of the Internet domain naming system.
9. We call for free internet as a public utility for all, including the distribution of computers to individuals and families in need of them.
10. We call for the restoration of net neutrality requirements for all internet service providers.

Environment & Energy
Environment
We call for public ownership and democratic control of all our natural resources in order to conserve resources, preserve our wilderness areas, and restore environmental quality.

1. The U.S. must immediately return to participation in international agreements on reducing carbon emissions, including the Kyoto Protocol, and accept a major role in worldwide efforts to control global climate change.
2. We call for placing full financial responsibility on private companies for prevention and clean-up of their own toxic wastes and for full compensation of workers and residents adversely affected by environmental hazards.
3. We oppose policies that target minority communities for placement of local landfills, toxic waste disposal sites, or incinerators.
4. We call for strong, enforceable endangered species protection that focuses on habitat-centered protection for plants and animals.
5. We oppose any new nuclear power projects and call for the rapid phasing out of all nuclear power plants, and a ban on the export of nuclear technology.
6. We support the recycling of glass, metals, plastic, paper, and chemicals and the use of recycled materials for public works projects such as roadways, parks, and playgrounds.
7. We call for shutting down waste incinerators and phasing out landfills and especially oppose targeting minority communities for hazardous waste disposal sites.
8. We oppose open-pit mining operations and support the reclamation of land used by mining operations at the company’s expense.
9. We support large-scale environmental restoration efforts.

Energy
The Socialist Party stands for municipal ownership and control of energy plants, in a non-profit and decentralized, but coordinated, system that ensures the most careful use of natural resources.

1. ​We call for the development of alternative energy sources including solar, geothermal, wind, hydropower, and biomass to end dependence on fossil fuels.
2. We call for a sliding-scale index which favors low-income people, to ensure that all people have access to utility services.
3. We call for mandatory vitrification (encapsulation) of all spent nuclear fuel, control rods and other waste.
4. We call for a ban on all imports of nuclear materials, whether they are vitrified or not.

Agriculture
The Socialist Party supports a system of ecologically based, sustainable, organic agriculture based on family farms and farming cooperatives that guarantee full workers’ rights to their employees, uphold all environmental and safety standards, and treat their live-stock in a humane manner. We support the creation of socially owned enterprises in the areas of transportation, storage, and processing of agricultural goods, controlled by boards comprised of farmers, farm workers, and community members.

1. We call for strong organic standards, gradually lessened government price supports for non-organic food production, and strong government incentives for conservation initiatives.
2. We call for public ownership and worker control of existing corporate farms, support existing state bans on corporate farms, and support a federal ban on the establishment of new corporate farms.
3. We call for the repudiation of all current farm debts for working farmers.
4. We call for family farmers whose land was taken in foreclosures to be given their land and equipment back, or be given comparable land and equipment or monetary compensation
5. We call for a ban on irradiation of food. We particularly condemn the 2002 Farm Bill which allows irradiated food to be mislabeled “pasteurized.”
6. We support the right of farm workers to negotiate contracts with canneries.
7. We call for country-of-origin labeling on agricultural products.
8. We call for a complete ban on neonicotinoid pesticides and implementation of environmental regulations as needed to prevent further bee die--offs from colony collapse disorder (CCD).
9. We call for low-cost loans, grants, and technical help to farmers including help shifting farm production from non-essentials to staple foods and fibers.
10. We encourage the reintroduction of hemp farming.
11. We call for legislation banning the practice of plowing under fields in order to manipulate market forces so as to increase price.
12. We support the right of farmers to save seeds.
13. We oppose the privatization of water, the creation of water markets, and water trading.
14. We call for a ban on environmentally destructive forms of production of meat and dairy foods, including hog confinements, cattle feedlots, and industrial poultry production.
15. We call for the end of patents on biological organisms and genomes.
16. We call for a system of ecologically based, sustainable, organic agriculture based on family farms and farming cooperatives that guarantee full workers’ rights to their employees, uphold all environmental and safety standards, and treat their livestock in a humane manner.
17. We support the creation of socially owned enterprises in the areas of transportation, storage, and processing of agricultural goods, controlled by boards comprised of farmers, farm workers, and community members.
18. We call for the labeling of foods which contain Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).

Animal Rights
The Socialist Party recognizes the rights of animals to live free from unnecessary pain and suffering, and the responsibility of people to protect those rights.

1. We support the spaying and neutering of pets to prevent the massive extermination resulting from overpopulation.
2. We oppose entertainment that causes pain to animals.
3. We call for the banning of the fur trade.
4. We support greater inclusion and enforcement of the Endangered Species Act.
5. We call for a ban on animal experimentation for product development, and for an oversight board to examine and limit the use of animals in scientific and medical research.
6. We oppose factory farming practices of overcrowding, drugging, and otherwise cruelly treating animals.[11]

| ”

|
|

—Socialist Party USA[12]

## Leadership[edit]

As of November 2021, the following individuals held leadership positions within the Socialist Party USA:[8]

### National party officers[edit]

Title  | Officer

|

National secretary  | Greg Pason
National treasurer  | Pat Noble
Editor  | Nicholas Partyka
Interim archivist  | Chelsea Rustad

### National committee[edit]

Title  | Officer

|

Co-chair  | Stephanie Cholensky
Co-chair  | Pat Noble
Vice chair  | Claudia Miller
Vice chair  | Nicholas Partyka
Member  | Chelsea Rustad
Member  | Greg Pason
Member  | Andrea Merida-Cuellar
Member  | Emily Galvin
Member  | Joshua Bradley
Member  | Stephanie Gusson
Member  | Matt Erard
Member  | Ren Walstrom
Member  | Brian Bittner
Member  | Andy Argo
Alternate member  | John Strinka
Alternate member  | Veronica Tash
Alternate member  | Dick Lahey
Alternate member  | John Palmucci Jr.
Alternate member  | Kirk Winans

## Presidential elections[edit]

### 2020[edit]

See also: Presidential election, 2020

The Socialist Party USA nominated Howie Hawkins as its 2020 presidential candidate. Hawkins was the Green Party's presidential nominee in 2020.[13]

### 2016[edit]

See also: Presidential election, 2016

The Socialist Party USA nominated Emidio Soltysik as the party's 2016 presidential candidate. The party's vice presidential nominee was Angela Nicole Walker.[14]

## Recent news[edit]

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms 'Socialist Party USA. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

Socialist Party USA - Google News

## See also[edit]

* List of political parties in the United States

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ Socialist Party USA, "Principles," accessed November 8, 2021
2. ↑ This total does not include parties that have attained ballot status at the municipal level. Only those parties with state-level ballot status are included here.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jaime Healy-Plotkin, "Research of state election agency websites and email correspondence with state election agencies," June 2024
4. ↑ As of January 2025, there were nine state-level parties that called themselves Independent or Independence parties. For the purposes of this article, these were not tallied when counting the number of distinct ballot-qualified parties in the United States because it is difficult to determine to what extent these various parties are affiliated with one another.
5. ↑ Because Washington utilizes a top-two, nonpartisan primary system, the state does not officially recognize parties. Consequently, only the state's two largest parties, the Democratic and Republican parties, were included in this tally.
6. ↑ This figure includes the D.C. Statehood Green Party, Maine's Green Independent Party, Oregon's Pacific Green Party, and West Virginia's Mountain Party.
7. ↑ This figure includes Nevada's Independent American Party and Michigan's U.S. Taxpayers Party.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Socialist Party USA, "How the Socialist Party USA Is Organized," accessed November 8, 2021
9. ↑ Socialist Party USA, "The Big 40!" accessed March 25, 2016
10. ↑ Socialist Party USA, "Platform," accessed November 8, 2021
11. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
12. ↑ Socialist Party USA, "2022-2023 Platform," accessed November 8, 2021
13. ↑ Howie Hawkins 2020 campaign website, "Howie Hawkins Wins Socialist Party USA Nomination, Green Candidate Seeks to Build Left Unity with Multiple Nominations," October 28, 2019
14. ↑ REV 16, "About REV 16 – Soltysik/Walker 2016," accessed March 25, 2016

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