Comparison of orbital launch systems

Short description: none

Soyuz-U, the most prolific orbital launch system in history

This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or in development as of 2023; a second list includes all upcoming rockets and a third list includes all retired rockets For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.

Spacecraft propulsion[note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:

* Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants, typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward, with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle.[note 2]
* Liquid-propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant(s) into a combustion chamber. Most liquid engines use a bipropellant, consisting of two liquid propellants (fuel and oxidizer) which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber.
* Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel.

All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some[note 3] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.[note 4]

## Contents

* 1 Current rockets
* 2 Upcoming rockets
* 3 Retired rockets
* 4 Retired Atlas rockets
* 5 Retired Delta rockets
* 6 Retired Thor rockets
* 7 Launch systems by country
* 8 See also
* 9 Notes
* 10 References

## Current rockets

Orbits legend:

* LEO, low Earth orbit
* SSO or SSPO, near-polar Sun-synchronous orbit
* polar, polar orbit
* MEO, medium Earth orbit
* GTO, geostationary transfer orbit
* GEO, geostationary orbit (direct injection)
* HEO, high Earth orbit
* HCO, heliocentric orbit
* TLI, trans-lunar injection
* TMI, trans-Mars injection
* LMO Low Mars Orbit

Vehicle  | Origin  | Manufacturer  | Height  | Maximum payload mass
(kg)  | Reusable / Expendable  | Orbital
launches
including
failures[lower-alpha 1] | Launch site(s)  | Dates of flight

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

LEO | GTO | Other  | First  | Latest
Angara A5 |  Russia | Khrunichev | 55.4 m | 24,500[1] | 5,400 with Briz-M[2]
7,500 with KVTK | N/A | Expendable  | 3[1] |

* Plesetsk
* Vostochny

| 2014 | 2021
Angara 1.2 |  Russia | Khrunichev | 42.7 m | 3,500[2] | N/A | 2,400 to SSO[3] | Expendable  | 2[4] |

* Plesetsk
* Vostochny

| 2022 | 2022
Atlas V 551 |  United States | ULA | 58.3 m | 18,850[5] | 8,900[5] | 13,550 to SSO[6]
3,850 to GEO[5] | Expendable  | 14 |

* VAFB
* CCSFS

| 2006 | 2023
Atlas V N22[lower-alpha 2] |  United States | ULA | 52.4 m | 13,000[8] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 2[8] |

* Cape Canaveral

| 2019[9] | 2022
Ceres-1 (3)[lower-alpha 3] |  China | Galactic Energy | 20 m | 400[11] | N/A | 300 to SSO[11] | Expendable  | 8[12] |

* JSLC

| 2022 | 2023
Ceres-1S[lower-alpha 4] |  China | Galactic Energy | 20 m | ~ 400[11] | N/A | ~ 300 to SSO[11] | Expendable  | 1[12] |

* DeFu 15002 platform

| 2023 | 2023
Chollima-1 |  North Korea | NADA | 26.2 m | > 300[13] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 3[14] |

* Sohae

| 2023 | 2023
Delta IV Heavy |  United States | ULA | 72 m | 28,370[15] | 14,210[15] | 23,560 to polar [15]
11,290 to TLI
8,000 to TMI | Expendable  | 15[16] |

* VAFB
* CCSFS

| 2004 | 2023
Electron |  United States
New Zealand | Rocket Lab | 18 m[lower-alpha 5] \- 18.7 m[lower-alpha 6] | 300[17] | N/A | 200 to SSO[17] | Reusable  | 42[18] |

* Mahia
* MARS

| 2017 | 2024
Epsilon |  Japan | IHI[19] | 24.4 m | 1,500[20] | N/A | 590 to SSO[20] | Expendable  | 6[20] |

* KSC

| 2013 | 2022
Falcon 9 Block 5 |  United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 17,400[21] | 5,500[21] | N/A | Reusable  | 57[21] |

* Vandenberg,
* Cape Canaveral
* Kennedy

| 2018 | 2024
22,800[21] | 8,300[21] | 4,020 to TMI[21] | Expendable
Falcon Heavy[22] |  United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 30,000[23] | 8,000[24] | N/A | Reusable  | 3[24] |

* Kennedy

| 2018 | 2023
63,800[24] | 26,700[24] | 16,800 to TMI[24] | Expendable
Firefly Alpha |  United States | Firefly Aerospace | 29 m | 1,030[25] | N/A | 630 to SSO[25] | Expendable  | 4[26] |

* VAFB
* CCSFS

| 2021 | 2023
Gravity-1 |  China | Orienspace | 31.4 m | 6,500[27] | N/A | 4,200 to SSO[27] | Expendable  | 1[27] |

* DeFu 15002 Launch Platform

| 2024 | 2024
GSLV Mk II |  India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 6,000[28] | 2,250[28] | N/A | Expendable  | 9[29] |

* SDSC

| 2010 | 2023
H-IIA 202 |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 53 m | 8,000[30] | 4,000[30] | 5,100 to SSO[lower-alpha 7] | Expendable  | 33[31] |

* TNSC

| 2001 | 2023
H3-22S |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 57 m | N/A[32] | 3,500 | N/A | Expendable  | 1[33] |

* TNSC

| 2023 | 2023
Hyperbola-1 (2)[lower-alpha 8] |  China | i-Space | 22.5 m | 300[35] | N/A | 300 to SSO[35] | Expendable  | 5[35] |

* JSLC

| 2021 | 2023
Jielong 1[36] |  China | CALT | 19.5 m | N/A | N/A | 200 to SSO[37] | Expendable  | 1[36] |

* JSLC

| 2019 | 2019
Jielong 3 |  China | CALT | 31.8 m | N/A | N/A | 1,500 (500 km SSO)[38] | Expendable  | 2[38] |

* Tai Rui Launch Platform
* Bo Run Jiu Zhou Launch Platform

| 2022 | 2022
Kinetica 1 |  China | CAS Space | 30 m | 2,000[39] | N/A | 1,500[39] (500 km SSO) | Expendable  | 3[39] |

* JSLC

| 2022 | 2024
Kuaizhou 1A |  China | ExPace | 19.8 m | 400[40] | N/A | 250 to SSO | Expendable  | 28[40] |

* JSLC,
* TSLC,
* XSLC

| 2013[lower-alpha 9] | 2024
Kuaizhou 11 |  China | ExPace | 25.3 m | 1,500[42] | N/A | 1,000 to SSO[42] | Expendable  | 2[43] |

* JSLC

| 2020 | 2022
Long March 2C |  China | CALT | 42 m | 3,850
[44] | 1,250 with CTS2[44] | 2,000 to SSO with YZ-1S[45] | Expendable  | 75[46] |

* JSLC,
* TSLC,
* XSLC

| 1982 | 2023
Long March 2D |  China | SAST | 41.1 m | 3,500[47] | N/A | 1,150 to SSO[48] | Expendable  | 85[46] |

* JSLC,
* TSLC,
* XSLC

| 1992 | 2023
Long March 2F |  China | CALT | 62 m | 8,400[47] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 22[46] |

* JSLC

| 1999 | 2023
Long March 3A |  China | CALT | 52.5 m | 6,000[49] | 2,600[49] | 5,000 to SSO
1,420 to TLI[49] | Expendable  | 27[49] |

* XSLC

| 1994 | 2018
Long March 3B/E |  China | CALT | 56.3 m | 11,500[49] | 5,500[49] | 6,900 to SSO
3,500 to TLI[49] | Expendable  | 81[49] |

* XSLC

| 2007 | 2023
Long March 3C |  China | CALT | 54.8 m | 9,100[49] | 3,800[49] | 6,500 to SSO
2,300 to TLI[49] | Expendable  | 18[49] |

* XSLC

| 2008 | 2021
Long March 4B |  China | SAST | 44.1 m | 4,200[50] | 1,500[50] | 2,800 to SSO[50] | Expendable  | 48[50] |

* JSLC,
* TSLC

| 1999 | 2023
Long March 4C |  China | SAST | 45.8 m | 4,200[51] | 1,500[51] | 2,800 to SSO[51] | Expendable  | 53[51] |

* JSLC,
* TSLC,
* XSLC

| 2006 | 2023
Long March 5 |  China | CALT | 56.9 m | 25,000[52] | 14,000 [52] | 15,000 to SSO[53]
4,500 to GEO[53]
8,200 to TLI[54]
6,000 to TMI[54] | Expendable  | 6[53] |

* WSLS

| 2016 | 2023
Long March 5B |  China | CALT | 56.9 m | 25,000[53] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 4[53] |

* WSLS

| 2020[55] | 2022
Long March 6 |  China | SAST | 29 m | 1,500[56] | N/A | 1,080 to SSO[56] | Expendable  | 11[56] |

* TSLC

| 2015 | 2023
Long March 6A |  China | SAST | 50 m | N/A | N/A | 4,500 to SSO[57] | Expendable  | 4[58] |

* TSLC

| 2022 | 2023
Long March 7 |  China | CALT | 53.1 m | 14,000[59] | 7,000 | 5,500 to SSO[59] | Expendable  | 8[60] |

* WSLS

| 2016[61] | 2024
Long March 7A |  China | CALT | 60.13 m | 13,500 | 7,000[55] | N/A | Expendable  | 6[60] |

* WSLS

| 2020 | 2023
Long March 8 |  China | CALT | 50.34 m | 8,400 | 2,800[62] | 5,000 to SSO[62] | Expendable  | 2[63] |

* WSLS,
* JSLC

| 2020 | 2022
Long March 11 |  China | CALT | 20.8 m | 700[64] | N/A | 350 to SSO[64] | Expendable  | 17[64] |

* JSLC,
* XSLC,
* Tai Rui Launch Platform
* De Bo 3 Launch Platform
* DeFu 15002 Launch Platform
* Bo Run Jiu Zhou Launch Platform

| 2015 | 2023
LVM 3 |  India | ISRO | 43.4 m | 8,000[65] | 4,000[65] | 2,380 to TLI  | Expendable  | 6[66] |

* SDSC

| 2017[lower-alpha 10] | 2023
Minotaur-C[68] |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 27.9 m | 1,458[69] | 445[69] | 1,054 to SSO[lower-alpha 11][69] | Expendable  | 1[69] |

* VAFB

| 2017 | 2017
Minotaur I |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 19.2 m | 580[70] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 12[71] |

* MARS,
* VAFB

| 2000 | 2021
Minotaur IV |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 23.9 m | 1,730[70] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 5[72][lower-alpha 12] |

* CCSFS,
* MARS,
* VAFB

| 2010 | 2020
Minotaur V |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 24.6 m | N/A | 678[72] | 465 to HCO[72] | Expendable  | 1[72] |

* MARS

| 2013 | 2013
Nuri (KSLV-II) |  South Korea | KARI | 47.2 m | 3,300[73] | N/A | 1,900 to SSO[73] | Expendable  | 3[74] |

* Naro

| 2021 | 2023
Pegasus XL |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 16.9 m | 454[75] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 35[76] |

* Edwards,
* KSC,
* VAFB,
* MARS,
* Gando,
* Kwajalein Atoll

| 1994 | 2021
Proton-M |  Russia | Khrunichev | 58.2 m | 23,000[77] | 6,150 [78] | 3,300 to GEO[78] | Expendable  | 115[79][80][78] |

* Baikonur

| 2001 | 2023
PSLV-CA |  India | ISRO | 44.4 m | 2,100[81] | N/A | 1,100 to SSO[81] | Expendable  | 17[82][81] |

* SDSC

| 2007 | 2023
PSLV-DL |  India | ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | 750 to polar | Expendable  | 4[83] |

* SDSC

| 2019 | 2024
PSLV-QL |  India | ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 2[84] |

* SDSC

| 2019 | 2019
PSLV-XL |  India | ISRO | 44.4 m | 3,800[85] | 1,300[85] | 1,750 to SSO[85]
550 to TMI[86] | Expendable  | 25[85] |

* SDSC

| 2008 | 2023
Qaem 100 |  Iran | IRGC | 15.5 m | 80[87] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 2[lower-alpha 13] |

* Shahrud

| 2023 | 2024
Qased |  Iran | IRGC | 18.8 m | 40[88] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 3[88] |

* Shahrud

| 2020 | 2023
Shavit-2 |  Israel | IAI | 22.1 m | 400 in Retrograde[89] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 6[90] |

* Palmachim

| 2007 | 2023
Simorgh |  Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 26 m | 250[91] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 7[92][91][lower-alpha 14] |

* Semnan

| 2017 | 2024
SK solid fueled TV2 |  South Korea | MND | 19.5 m | > 100[93] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | 1[93] |

* Jeju sea launch platform (1)

| 2023 | 2023
Soyuz-2.1a |  Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 46.3 m | 7,020 from Baikonur
6,830 from Plesetsk
7,150 from Vostochny[94] | N/A | 4,450 to SSO[95] | Expendable  | 63[96][95][97] |

* Baikonur,
* Plesetsk,
* Vostochny

| 2006[lower-alpha 15] | 2023
Soyuz-2.1b |  Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 46.3 m | 8,200 from Baikonur
7,850 from Plesetsk
8,320 from Vostochny[94] | 3,060[99] | 4,900 to SSO[99] | Expendable  | 69[100][99] |

* Baikonur,
* Plesetsk,
* Vostochny

| 2006 | 2023
Soyuz-2.1v |  Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 44 m | 2,800[101] | N/A | 1,400 to SSO 2,630 to polar[101] | Expendable  | 11[101] |

* Plesetsk

| 2013 | 2023
Starship[102] |  United States | SpaceX | 121 m | 150,000[103] \- 250,000 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  | 2 |

* Starbase,
* KSC

| 2023 | 2023
SLS Block 1 |  United States | NASA Boeing
Northrop Grumman | 98 m | 95,000[104] | N/A | 27,000\+ to TLI[104] | Expendable  | 1[105] |

* KSC

| 2022[106] | 2022
SSLV |  India | ISRO | 34 m | 500[107] | N/A | 300 to SSO[107] | Expendable  | 2[108] |

* SDSC

| 2022 | 2023
Tianlong-2 |  China | Space Pioneer | 32.8 m | 2,000[109] | N/A | 1,500 to SSO[109] | Expendable  | 1[109] |

* JSLC

| 2023 | 2023
Vega |  Europe Italy | ArianeGroupAvio | 31 m | 2,300[110] | N/A | 1,330 to SSO[111]

1,500 to polar[112]

| Expendable  | 21[113] |

* CSG

| 2012 | 2023
Vega-C |  Europe Italy | ArianeGroupAvio | 36.2 m | 3,300[114] | N/A | 2,200 to SSO 2,300 to polar[114] | Expendable  | 2[115] |

* CSG

| 2022 | 2022
Vulcan Centaur VC2 |  United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 19,000[116] | 8,400[116] | 2,600 to GEO

15,200 to polar 6,300 to TLI[116]

| Reusable  | 1[117] |

* CCSFS

| 2024 | 2024
Zhuque-2 |  China | LandSpace | 49.5 m | 6,000[118] | N/A | 4,000 to SSO[118] | Expendable  | 3[118] |

* JSLC

| 2022[119] | 2023

1. ↑ Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
2. ↑ for Starliner[7]
3. ↑ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[10]
4. ↑ Sea-launched version of the third unofficial iteration of the Ceres-1 launch vehicle.
5. ↑ Standard height.
6. ↑ Height with BlackSky satellites.
7. ↑ 5,100 kg to a 500-km Sun-synchronous orbit; 3,300 kg to 800 km[30]:64–65
8. ↑ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[34]
9. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in March 2012.[41]
10. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014 (designated LVM-3/CARE) without the cryogenic upper stage (CUS).[67]
11. ↑ Reference altitude 400 km
12. ↑ Additionally, two suborbital missions were conducted in 2010 and 2011.[72]
13. ↑ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2022.
14. ↑ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2016; both orbital flights in 2017 and 2019 failed.[91]
15. ↑ Suborbital test flight in 2004, without Fregat upper stage.[98]

## Upcoming rockets

Upcoming launch vehicles

Vehicle  | Origin  | Manufacturer  | Height  | Payload mass to ... (kg)  | Reusable / Expendable  | Launch Site (s)  | Date of first flight

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

LEO | GTO | Other
Agnibaan |  India | AgniKul Cosmos | 18 m | 150 | N/A | 90 to SSO | Expendable  |

* SDSC

| 2024
Angara A5M |  Russia | Khrunichev | 55.4 m | 26,800 | 4,100-5,200 | N/A | Expendable  |

* Plesetsk,
* Vostochny

| 2024
Angara A5P |  Russia | Khrunichev | TBA | 18,800 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* Vostochny

| 2028
Antares 330 |  United States | Northrop Grumman

Firefly Aerospace[lower-alpha 1]

| 47 m | 10,500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* MARS

| 2025
Ariane 6 A62 |  Europe | ArianeGroup | 63 m | 10,350[120]:45 | 5,000[120]:33 | 6,450 to SSO
3,000 to HEO
3,000 to TLI [120]:40–49 | Expendable  |

* CSG

| 2024[121]
Ariane 6 A64 |  Europe | ArianeGroup | 63 m | 21,650[120]:46 | 11,500\+ [120]:33 | 14,900 to SSO
5,000 to GEO
8,400 to HEO
8,500 to TLI [120]:40–49 | Expendable  |

* CSG

| 2024[121]
Aurora |  Canada | Reaction Dynamics | 18 m | 200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* Nova Scotia

| 2024
Aventura 1 |  Argentina | TLON Space | 10 m | 25 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  | TBA | 2024
Blue Whale 1 |  South Korea | Perigee Aerospace | 21 m | 165[122] | N/A | 185 to SSO | Reusable  |

* Jeju sea launch platform (2)
* Esrange

| 2024
195[122] | 220 to SSO | Expendable
Cosmos |  Russia | SR space | 18.5 m | 100 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* Vostochny,
* Yasny

| TBA
Cyclone-4M |  Ukraine | Yuzhnoye
Yuzhmash | 38.7 m | 5,000[123] | 1,000[124] | 3,350 to SSO[123] | Expendable  |

* Nova Scotia

| 2025[125]
Dauntless |  United States | Vaya Space | 35 m | 1,000 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* CCSFS,
* The Spaceport Company Launch Platform

| 2025
Daytona |  United States | Phantom Space | 18.7 m | 500 | N/A | 370 | Expendable  |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS,
* ASC

| 2024
Epsilon S |  Japan | JAXA | 27.2 m | 1,400 | N/A | 600 to SSO | Expendable  |

* KSC

| 2024
Eris Block 1 |  Australia | Gilmour Space Technologies | 25 m | 305[126] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* Bowen

Gravity-2 |  China | Orienspace | 60 m | 8,600 \- 16,000 | 5,800 | 10,900 to SSO | Reusable  |

* WSLS

| 2024
Hanbit-Nano |  South Korea | Innospace | 17 m | 150 | N/A | 90 | Expendable  |

* CEA,
* Andøya,
* ASC

| 2024
Hyperbola-3 |  China | i-Space | 69 m | 8,500 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* JSLC

| 2025[127]
13,400 | Expendable
H3-22L |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 63 m | N/A[32] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* TNSC

| 2020s
H3-24L |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 63 m | TBA | TBA | > 6,500 to TLI | Expendable  |

* TNSC

| 2020s
H3-30S |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 57 m | N/A[32] | N/A | 4,000 to SSO | Expendable  |

* TNSC

| 2020s
Jielong 4 |  China | CALT | TBA | TBA | N/A | TBA | Expendable  | TBA | 2024
Kairos |  Japan | Space One | 18 m | 250 | N/A | 150 to SSO[128] | Expendable  |

* Space Port Kii

| 2024
KSLV-III |  South Korea | KARI | 54m | 10,000 | 3,500 | 7,000 to SSO

1,800 to TLI

| Expendable  |

* Naro

| 2030
Long March 6C |  China | CALT | 43 m | 4,500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* TSLC

| 2024
Long March 8A |  China | CALT | 50.3 m | TBA | 6,800 to SSO | N/A | Expendable  |

* WSLS

| 2024
Long March 9 |  China | CALT | 114 m | 80,000 \- 150,000[129] | 66,000 | 53,000 to TLI[129]
40,000 to TMI[130] | Reusable  |

* WSLS

| 2033
Long March 10 |  China | CALT | 89[lower-alpha 2] \- 93.2 m[lower-alpha 3] | 70,000 | N/A | 27,000 to TLI | Expendable  |

* WSLS

| 2027
Long March 10A |  China | CALT | 67 m | 14,000 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* WSLS

| >2027
18,000 | Expendable
Maia |  France | MaiaSpace | 50 m | TBA | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* CSG

| 2025
Expendable
Miura 5 |  Spain | PLD Space | 35.7 m | 840 | N/A | 540 to SSO | Reusable  |

* CSG

| 2026[131]
MLV |  United States | Firefly Aerospace | 55.7 m | 16,000 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* CCSFS,
* MARS,
* VAFB

| 2025[132]
Nebula-1 |  China | Deep Blue Aerospace | TBA | 1,000 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* WSLS

| 2024
Neutron |  United States
New Zealand | Rocket Lab | 42.8 m | 8,000[lower-alpha 4] \- 13,000 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* MARS

| 2024[133]
15,000 | Expendable
New Glenn |  United States | Blue Origin | 98 m | 45,000[134] | 13,000 | N/A | Reusable  |

* CCSFS

| 2024
NGLV LEO |  India | ISRO | 88 m | 7,700[lower-alpha 5] | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* SDSC

| TBA
9,900 | Reusable
16,900 | Expendable
NGLV GEO |  India | ISRO | 92 m | N/A | 5,200 | N/A | Reusable  |

* SDSC

| TBA
25,000 | 8,900 | Expendable
Nova |  United States | Stoke Space | 28.5 m | 1,500 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* CCSFS

| TBA
OB-1 Mk1 |  France | HyPrSapce | 11 m | 200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* CSG

| 2026[135]
Pallas-1 | Template:China | Galactic Energy | 42 m | 5,000 | N/A | 3,000 to SSO | Reusable  |

* WSLS / TSLC

| 2024[136]
Prime |  United Kingdom | Orbex | 19 m | 180 | N/A | 100 to SSO[lower-alpha 6][137] | Expendable  |

* Sutherland

| 2024
RFA One |  Germany | RFA | 30 m | 1,600[138] | 450[138] | 1,300 to SSO | Expendable  |

* SaxaVord,
* Andøya,
* CSG,
* Whalers Way

| 2024[139]
Rocket 4 |  United States | Astra | 18.9 m | 500 | N/A | 350 to SSO | Expendable  |

* KLC,
* CCSFS

| 2024
Rokot-M |  Russia | Khrunichev | TBA | 1,950 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* Plesetsk

| 2024
RS1 B2 |  United States | ABL Space Systems | 27 m | 1,350[140] | 400 | 975 to SSO
750 to MEO | Expendable  |

* KLC,
* SaxaVord,
* CCSFS
* VAFB

| 2024
ŞİMŞEK-1 |  Turkey | Roketsan | TBA | 400 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* İğneada

| 2027
Siraya |  Taiwan | TASA | 25 m | 200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  | TBD | TBA
Skyrora XL |  United Kingdom | Skyrora | 22.7 m | 315 | N/A | 315 to SSO[141] | Expendable  |

* SaxaVord,
* Nova Scotia

| 2024
SK solid fueled LV |  South Korea | MND | 26.8 m | 1,500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* Jeju sea launch platform (1)

| TBA
SLS Block 1B[lower-alpha 7] |  United States | NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman | 111 m | 105,000[142] | N/A | 37,000 to TLI[143] | Expendable  |

* KSC

| 2028
SLS Block 2[lower-alpha 8] |  United States | NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman | 111 m | 130,000[144] | N/A | 45,000 to HCO[143] | Expendable  |

* KSC

| 2033
SL1 |  Germany | HyImpulse | 30 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* Esrange

| 2025
Soyuz-5 (Irtysh) |  Russia | TsSKB-Progress
RSC Energia | 61.87 m | 18,000[145] | N/A | 2,500 to GEO | Expendable  |

* Baikonur

| 2025[146]
Soyuz-7 (Amur) |  Russia | JSC SRC Progress | 55 m | 10,500[147] | 2,600 | 4,700 to SSO | Reusable  |

* Vostochny

| 2028
13,600[147] | Expendable
Spectrum |  Germany | Isar Aerospace | 28 m | 1,000[148] | N/A | 700 to SSO[148] | Expendable  |

* CSG,
* Andøya

| 2025[149]
Terran R |  United States | Relativity Space | 82 m | 23,500 | 5,500[150] | N/A | Reusable  |

* CCSFS

| 2026[150]
33,500 | Expendable
Tianlong-3 | Template:China | Space Pioneer | 71 m | 17,000 | N/A | 14,000 to SSO | Reusable  |

* JSLC
* WSLS

| 2024
Tronador II-250 |  Argentina | CONAE | 27 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* BNPB

| 2030
Vega-E |  Europe | ESA ASI | 36.2 m | 3,000[151] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* CSG

| 2026
Vikram 1[152] |  India | Skyroot Aerospace[153] | 20 m | 315 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 200 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable  |

* SDSC

| 2024
Vikram 2[152] |  India | Skyroot Aerospace | TBA | 520 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 410 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable  |

* SDSC

| TBA
Vikram 3[152] |  India | Skyroot Aerospace | TBA | 720 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 580 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable  |

* SDSC

| TBA
Volans V500 |  Singapore | Equatorial Space Systems | TBA | 150 | N/A | N/A | Reusable  |

* Sea launch platform

| 2024
Vulcan Centaur VC0 |  United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 10,800 | 3,500 | 2,300 to TLI | Reusable  |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2020s
Vulcan Centaur VC4 |  United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 24,600 | 11,700 | 4,900 to GEO
9,200 to TLI | Reusable  |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2020s
Vulcan Centaur VC6 |  United States | ULA | 61.6 m | 27,200[154] | 14,400[154] | 6,500 to GEO
11,500 to TLI | Reusable  |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2020s
XLV-22 | Template:China | CALT | 59 m | 10,000 | N/A | 5,000 to SSO | Expendable  |

* WSLS

| 2024
Zephyr |  France | Latitude | 17 m | 100 | N/A | 70 to SSO | Expendable  |

* SaxaVord

| 2025
Zero |  Japan | Interstellar Technologies | 32 m | 800 | N/A | 250 to SSO | Expendable  |

* Taiki

| 2025
Zhuque-3 | Template:China | LandSpace | TBA | 11,000 | TBA | TBA | Reusable  | TBA | 2025
Zuljanah |  Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 25.5 m | 220[155] | N/A | N/A | Expendable  |

* Semnan

| 2020s

1. ↑ provides the first stage, including engines
2. ↑ Height for uncrewed version
3. ↑ Height for crewed version
4. ↑ When first stage returned to launch site
5. ↑ When first stage returned to launch site
6. ↑ Reference altitude 500 km
7. ↑ with EUS
8. ↑ with EUS and
advanced boosters

## Retired rockets

Vehicle  | Origin  | Manufacturer  | Height  | Mass to ... (kg)  | Reuse  | Launches
(+ suborbital) | Launch Site (s)  | Date of flight

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

LEO | GTO | Other | First  | Last
Antares 110–130 |  United States | Orbital | 40.5-41.9 m | 5,100[156] |  | 1,500 to SSO | No | 5[156] |

* MARS

| 2013 | 2014
Antares 230 / 230+ |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 42.5 m | 8,200[156] |  | 3,000 to SSO[lower-alpha 1] | No | 13 |

* MARS

| 2016 | 2023
Ariane 1 |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 49.1 m |  | 1,830[157] |  | No | 11[157] |

* CSG

| 1979 | 1986
Ariane 2 |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 49.1 m |  | 2,270[157] |  | No | 6[157] |

* CSG

| 1986 | 1989
Ariane 3 |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 49.1 m |  | 2,650[157] |  | No | 11[157] |

* CSG

| 1984 | 1989
Ariane 4 40 |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 4,600[157] | 2,105 | 2,740 to SSO | No | 7[157] |

* CSG

| 1990 | 1999
Ariane 4 42L |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 7,000[157] | 3,480 | 4,500 to SSO | No | 13[157] |

* CSG

| 1993 | 2002
Ariane 4 42P |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 6,000[157] | 2,930 | 3,400 to SSO | No | 15[157] |

* CSG

| 1990 | 2002
Ariane 4 44L |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 7,000[157] | 4,720 | 6,000 to SSO | No | 40[157] |

* CSG

| 1989 | 2003
Ariane 4 44LP |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 7,000[157] | 4,220 | 5,000 to SSO | No | 26[157] |

* CSG

| 1988 | 2001
Ariane 4 44P |  Europe | Aérospatiale | 58.7 m | 6,500[157] | 3,465 | 4,100 to SSO | No | 15[157] |

* CSG

| 1991 | 2001
Ariane 5 G |  Europe | EADS Astrium | 47.5 m | 18,000[158] | 6,900[158] |  | No | 16[158] |

* CSG

| 1996 | 2003
Ariane 5 G+ |  Europe | EADS Astrium | 48 m |  | 7,100[158] |  | No | 3[158] |

* CSG

| 2004 | 2004
Ariane 5 GS |  Europe | EADS Astrium | 48 m | 16,000[159] | 6,600[158] |  | No | 6[158] |

* CSG

| 2005 | 2009[160]
Ariane 5 ES |  Europe | EADS Astrium | 50.7 m | 21,000[161] | 8,000[158] |  | No | 8[158] |

* CSG

| 2008 | 2018
Ariane 5 ECA |  Europe | EADS Astrium | 52.6 m | 21,000[161] | 11,210[162] |  | No | 84 |

* CSG

| 2002 | 2023
ASLV |  India | ISRO[163] | 23.5 m | 150[164] |  |  | No | 4[164] |

* SDSC

| 1987 | 1994
Athena I LLV-1 |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 18.4 m | 500 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1995 | 1995
Athena I |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 18.9 m | 795[165] | 515 |  | No | 3 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS,
* KLC

| 1997 | 2001
Athena II |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 28.2 m | 1,800[166] |  |  | No | 3[167] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1998 | 1999[168]
Black Arrow |  United Kingdom | RAE | 13 m | 73[169] |  |  | No | 2 (+2) |

* WRC

| 1969[lower-alpha 2] | 1971
Blue Scout II |  United States | Vought | 24 m | 30 |  |  | No | 3 |

* CCSFS

| 1961 | 1961
Ceres-1 (1)[lower-alpha 3] |  China | Galactic Energy | 18.5 m | 350 |  |  | No | 1 |

* JSLC

| 2020 | 2020
Ceres-1 (2)[lower-alpha 3] |  China | Galactic Energy | 19.5 m | 400 |  |  | No | 1 |

* JSLC

| 2021 | 2021
Commercial Titan III |  United States | Martin Marietta | 47.3 m | 13,100[170] |  |  | No | 4 |

* CCSFS

| 1990 | 1992
Conestoga 1620 |  United States | Space Services | 15.2 m | 1179 |  |  | No | 1 |

* MARS

| 1995 | 1995
Diamant A |  France | SEREB | 18.9 m | 80 |  |  | No | 4 |

* CIEES

| 1965 | 1967
Diamant B |  France | SEREB | 23.5 m | 115 |  |  | No | 5 |

* CSG

| 1970 | 1973
Diamant BP4 |  France | SEREB | 21.6 m | 153 |  |  | No | 3 |

* CSG

| 1975 | 1975
Dnepr |  Ukraine | Yuzhmash | 34.3 m | 3,700[171] |  |  | No | 22[171] |

* Baikonur
* Yasny

| 1999 | 2015[172]
Energia[lower-alpha 4] |  Soviet Union | NPO Energia | 58.8 m | 105,000 |  | 20,000 to GEO[173]
32,000 to TLI[173] | No | 1 (failed to orbit)[174] |

* Baikonur

| 1987 | 1987
Energia-Buran |  Soviet Union | NPO Energia
NPO Molniya | 58.8 m | 30,000[173][lower-alpha 5] |  |  | Yes | 1 |

* Baikonur

| 1988 | 1988
Epsilon |  Japan | IHI[19] | 24.4 m | 1,200 | N/A | style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|Expendable | 1 |

* KSC

| 2013 | 2022
Epsilon (enhanced) |  Japan | IHI[19] | 26 m | 1,500[20] | N/A | style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|Expendable | 6[20] |

* KSC

|  |
Europa I |  Europe | ELDO | 31.7 m | 1,440 | 200 |  | No | 3 |

* WRC

| 1968 | 1970
Europa II |  Europe | ELDO | 31.7 m |  | 360 |  | No | 1 |

* CSG

| 1971 | 1971
Falcon 1 |  United States | SpaceX | 21 m | 470[175] |  |  | No | 5[175] |

* Omelek

| 2006 | 2009
Falcon 9 v1.0 |  United States | SpaceX | 47.8 m | 9,000 | 3,400 |  | No | 5 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2010 | 2013
Falcon 9 v1.1 |  United States | SpaceX | 68.4 m | 13,150[176][lower-alpha 6] | 4,850[176] |  | No | 15[177] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2013 | 2016
Falcon 9 Full Thrust |  United States | SpaceX | 70 m | 17,400[178] | 5,500[178] | 9,600 to polar[179] | Yes | 36 |

* VAFB
* CCSFS
* KSC

| 2015 | 2018
22,800[178] | 8,300[178] | No
Feng Bao 1 |  China | Shanghai Bureau No.2 | 33 m | 2,500[180] |  |  | No | 8 (+3)[181] |

* JSLC

| 1972 | 1981
GSLV Mk.I(a) |  India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 5,000[28] | 1,540[182] |  | No | 1[182] |

* SDSC

| 2001 | 2001
GSLV Mk.I(b) |  India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 5,000[28] | 2,150[182] |  | No | 4[182] |

* SDSC

| 2003 | 2007
GSLV Mk.I(c) |  India | ISRO | 49.1 m | 5,000[28] |  |  | No | 1[182] |

* SDSC

| 2010 | 2010
H-I |  Japan
United States | Mitsubishi | 42 m | 1,400[183] |  |  | No | 9 |

* TNSC

| 1986 | 1992
H-II / IIS |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 49 m | 10,060[184] | 4,000[185] |  | No | 7[185] |

* TNSC

| 1994 | 1999
H-IIA 204 |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 53 m | 15,000 | 5,950[30]:48 |  | No | 5[31] |

* TNSC

| 2006 | 2021
H-IIA 2022 |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 53 m |  | 4,500[31] |  | No | 3[31] |

* TNSC

| 2005 | 2007
H-IIA 2024 |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 57 m | 11,000[186] | 5,000[31] |  | No | 7[31] |

* TNSC

| 2002 | 2008
H-IIB |  Japan | Mitsubishi | 56.6 m | 16,500 (ISS)[187] | 8,000 |  | No | 8[188] |

* TNSC

| 2009 | 2020
Hyperbola-1 (1)[lower-alpha 7] |  China | i-Space | 20.9 m | 260 |  |  | No | 1 |

* JSLC

| 2019 | 2019
Juno I |  United States | Chrysler | 21.2 m | 11 |  |  | No | 1 |

* CCSFS

| 1958 | 1959
Juno II |  United States | Chrysler | 24 m | 41 |  | 6 to TLI | No | 10 |

* CCSFS

| 1958 | 1961
Kaituozhe-1 |  China | CALT | 13.6 m | 40 |  |  | No | 2 |

* JSLC

| 2002 | 2003
Kaituozhe-2 |  China | CASC | 16.8 m | 800[189] |  |  | No | 1[189] |

* JSLC

| 2017 | 2017
Kosmos |  Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 29.6 m | 350 |  |  | No | 38 |

* Kapustin Yar

| 1961 | 1967
Kosmos-1 |  Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 26.3 m | 1,400 |  |  | No | 8 |

* Baikonur

| 1964 | 1965
Kosmos-2 |  Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 31 m | 300 |  |  | No | 127 |

* Kapustin Yar
* Plesetsk

| 1965 | 1977
Kosmos-3 |  Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 32.4 m | 1,400 |  |  | No | 6 |

* Baikonur

| 1966 | 1968
Kosmos-3M |  Soviet Union
Russia | NPO Polyot | 32.4 m | 1,500[190] |  |  | No | 445 |

* Kapustin Yar
* Plesetsk

| 1967 | 2010
Kosmos-3MRB |  Soviet Union | NPO Polyot | 32.4 m | 1,500 |  |  | No | 10 |

* Kapustin Yar

| 1980 | 1988
Lambda 4S |  Japan | Nissan Motors[191] | 16.5 m | 26[192] |  |  | No | 5 |

* KSC

| 1966 | 1970
LauncherOne |  United States | Virgin Orbit | 21.3 m | 500 |  | 300 to SSO | No | 6 |

* Mojave
* Cornwall

| 2020 | 2023
Long March 1 |  China | CALT | 29.9 m | 300[193] |  |  | No | 2[194] |

* JSLC

| 1970 | 1971
Long March 1D |  China | CALT | 28.2 m | 740[195] |  |  | No | 0 (+3)[194] |

* TSLC

| 1995[lower-alpha 8] | 2002
Long March 2A |  China | CALT | 32 m | 2,000[196] |  |  | No | 4[46] |

* JSLC

| 1974 | 1978
Long March 2E |  China | CALT | 49.7 m | 9,200[46] |  |  | No | 7[46] |

* XSLC

| 1990 | 1995
Long March 3 |  China | CALT | 43.3 m | 5,000[49] |  |  | No | 13[49] |

* XSLC

| 1984 | 2000
Long March 3B |  China | CALT | 54.8 m | 11,200[197] | 5,100 | 5,700 to SSO | No | 12[49] |

* XSLC

| 1996 | 2012
Long March 4A |  China | CALT | 41.9 m | 4,000 |  |  | No | 2[50] |

* TSLC

| 1988 | 1990
M-V |  Japan | Nissan Motors[191] (1997–2000)
IHI Aerospace[19] (2000–2006) | 30.8 m | 1,850[192] |  |  | No | 7 |

* KSC

| 1997 | 2006
Molniya |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 43.4 m | 1,800[198] |  |  | No | 40[199] |

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk

| 1960 | 1967
Molniya-M |  Soviet Union
Russia | RSC Energia | 43.4 m | 2,400[200] |  |  | No | 280[201] |

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk

| 1965 | 2010
Mu-4S |  Japan | Nissan Motors[191] | 23.6 m | 180[192] |  |  | No | 4 |

* KSC

| 1971 | 1972
Mu-3C |  Japan | Nissan Motors[191] | 20.2 m | 195[192] |  |  | No | 4 |

* KSC

| 1974 | 1979
Mu-3H |  Japan | Nissan Motors[191] | 23.8 m | 300[192] |  |  | No | 3 |

* KSC

| 1977 | 1978
Mu-3S |  Japan | Nissan Motors[191] | 23.8 m | 300[192] |  |  | No | 4 |

* KSC

| 1980 | 1984
Mu-3SII |  Japan | Nissan Motors[191] | 27.8 m | 770[192] |  |  | No | 8 |

* KSC

| 1985 | 1995
N1 |  Soviet Union | NPO Energia | 105.3 m | 95,000[202][203][204][lower-alpha 9] |  |  | No | 4[205] |

* Baikonur

| 1969 | 1972
N-I |  Japan
United States | Mitsubishi | 34 m | 1,200[206] |  |  | No | 7 |

* TNSC

| 1975 | 1982
N-II |  Japan
United States | Mitsubishi | 35 m | 2,000[207] |  |  | No | 8 |

* TNSC

| 1981 | 1987
Naro-1 |  South Korea
Russia | KARI Khrunichev | 33 m | 100[208] |  |  | No | 3 |

* Naro

| 2009 | 2013
OS-M1 |  China | OneSpace | 19 m | 205[209] |  | 143 to SSO | No | 1 |

* JSLC

| 2019[210][lower-alpha 10] | 2019
Paektusan-1 |  North Korea | KCST | 25.8 m | 20 |  |  | No | 1 |

* Tonghae

| 1998 | 1998
Pegasus |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 15.4 m | 455 |  |  | No | 6 |

* Edwards
* CCSFS

| 1990 | 1994
Pegasus H |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 15.4 m | 544 |  |  | No | 4 |

* VAFB
* CCSFS
* Kwajalein Atoll

| 1995 | 2000
Pilot II |  United States | United States Navy | 4.4 m | N/A |  | 1.05 to MEO | No | 10 |

* Point Mugu

| 1958 | 1958
Polyot |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 30 m | 1,400 |  |  | No | 2 |

* Baikonur

| 1963 | 1964
Proton (UR-500) |  Soviet Union | Khrunichev | 39.8 m | 12,200 |  |  | No | 4 |

* Baikonur

| 1965 | 1966
Proton-K |  Soviet Union
Russia | Khrunichev | 50 m | 19,760[212] | 4,930[213] |  | No | 311[214] |

* Baikonur

| 1965 | 2012
PSLV-G |  India | ISRO | 44 m | 3,200[81] | 1,050 | 1,600 to SSO | No | 12[81] |

* SDSC

| 1993 | 2016[215]
Rocket 3.0 |  United States | Astra | 11.6 m | 100 |  |  | No | 1  |

* KLC

| 2020 | 2020
Rocket 3.1 |  United States | Astra | 11.6 m | 100 |  |  | No | 1  |

* KLC

| 2020 | 2020
Rocket 3.2 |  United States | Astra | 11.6 m | 100 |  |  | No | 1  |

* KLC

| 2020 | 2020
Rocket 3.3 |  United States | Astra | 13.1 m |  | 150 to SSO | No | 5  |

* CCSFS
* KLC

| 2021 | 2022
Rokot-K |  Russia | Khrunichev | 25.5 m |  |  |  | No | 4 |

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk

| 1990 | 1999
Rokot-KM |  Russia | Khrunichev | 29.1 m | 1,950[216] |  | 1,200 to SSO | No | 31 |

* Plesetsk

| 2000 | 2019
RS1 B1 |  United States | ABL Space Systems | 27 m | 1,350[140] | 400 | 975 to SSO
750 to MEO | No | 1 |

* KLC

| 2023[217] | 2023
Safir-1 |  Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 22.6 m | 27 |  |  | No | 2 |

* Semnan

| 2008 | 2009
Safir-1A |  Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 22.6 m | 15 |  |  | No | 1 |

* Semnan

| 2011 | 2011
Safir-1B |  Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 22.6 m | 50 |  |  | No | 1 |

* Semnan

| 2012 | 2012
Safir-1B+ |  Iran | Iranian Space Agency | 22.6 m | 52 |  |  | No | 5 |

* Semnan

| 2012 | 2019
Saturn I |  United States | Chrysler (S-I)
Douglas (S-IV) | 50-57.4 m | 9,000[218] |  |  | No | 10[219] |

* CCSFS

| 1961 | 1965[219]
Saturn IB |  United States | Chrysler (S-IB)
Douglas (S-IVB) | 56.1-68.1 m | 18,600[220] |  |  | No | 9[221] |

* CCSFS
* KSC

| 1966 | 1975
Saturn V |  United States | Boeing (S-IC)
North American (S-II)
Douglas (S-IVB) | 110.6 m |  | 47,000 to TLI[222] | No | 13[223][224][lower-alpha 11] |

* KSC

| 1967 | 1973
Scout X-1 |  United States | Vought | 21.8 m | 59 |  |  | No | 4 |

* WFF

| 1960 | 1961
Scout X-2 |  United States | Vought | 21.8 m | 76 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB
* WFF

| 1962 | 1962
Scout X-2M |  United States | Vought | 21.8 m | 76 |  |  | No | 3 |

* VAFB

| 1962 | 1963
Scout X-2B |  United States | Vought | 21.8 m | 76 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1963 | 1963
Scout X-3 |  United States | Vought | 21.8 m | 87 |  |  | No | 5 |

* VAFB
* WFF

| 1962 | 1964
Scout X-3M |  United States | Vought | 21.8 m | 87 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1963 | 1963
Scout X-4 |  United States | Vought | 22.8 m | 103 |  |  | No | 11 |

* VAFB
* WFF

| 1963 | 1965
Scout A |  United States | NASA | 22.8 m | 110 |  |  | No | 11 |

* VAFB

| 1965 | 1970
Scout A-1 |  United States | NASA | 22.8 m | 122 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1973 | 1973
Scout B |  United States | NASA | 22.8 m | 110 |  |  | No | 20 |

* BSC
* VAFB
* WFF

| 1965 | 1971
Scout B-1 |  United States | NASA | 22.8 m | 143 |  |  | No | 5 |

* BSC
* VAFB
* WFF

| 1971 | 1976
Scout D-1 |  United States | NASA | 22.9 m | 182 |  |  | No | 14 |

* BSC
* VAFB
* WFF

| 1972 | 1979
Scout E-1 |  United States | NASA | 22.8 m | 193 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1974 | 1974
Scout F-1 |  United States | NASA | 22.9 m | 192 |  |  | No | 2 |

* BSC
* VAFB

| 1975 | 1975
Scout G-1 |  United States | NASA | 22.9 m | 208 |  |  | No | 18 |

* BSC
* VAFB
* WFF

| 1979 | 1994
Shavit |  Israel | IAI | 17.7 m | 160 |  |  | No | 2 |

* Palmachim

| 1988 | 1990
Shavit-1 |  Israel | IAI | 19.7 m | 225 |  |  | No | 4 |

* Palmachim

| 1995 | 2004
Shtil-1 |  Russia | Makeyev | 14.8 m |  280–420[225] |  |  | No | 2[226] |

* Novomoskovsk
* Ekaterinburg

| 1998 | 2006
SLV-3 |  India | ISRO | 22 m | 40[227] |  |  | No | 4[227] |

* SDSC

| 1979 | 1983[227]
Soyuz |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 45.6 m | 6,450 |  |  | No | 31[228] |

* Baikonur

| 1966 | 1976
Soyuz-FG |  Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 49.5 m | 6,900[229] |  |  | No | 70[230][231] |

* Baikonur

| 2001 | 2019
Soyuz-L |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 50 m | 5,500 |  |  | No | 3[232] |

* Baikonur

| 1970 | 1971
Soyuz-M |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 50 m | 6,600 |  |  | No | 8[233] |

* Baikonur

| 1971 | 1976
Soyuz ST-A |  Russia
Europe | TsSKB-Progress
Arianespace | 46.3 m | 7,800 from Kourou[234] | 2,810 with Fregat[235] |  | No | 9[230] |

* CSG

| 2011 | 2021
Soyuz ST-B |  Russia
Europe | TsSKB-Progress
Arianespace | 46.3 m | 9,000 from Kourou[236] | 3,250 with Fregat[235] | 4,400 to SSO[237] | No | 18[230] |

* CSG

| 2011 | 2022
Soyuz-U |  Soviet Union
Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 51.1 m | 6,650 from Baikonour[238]
6,150 from Plesetsk[238] |  |  | No | 786[230][239][240] |

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk

| 1973 | 2017
Soyuz-U2 |  Soviet Union
Russia | TsSKB-Progress | 34.5 m | 7,050 |  |  | No | 72[241] |

* Baikonur

| 1982 | 1995
Space Shuttle |  United States | ATK (SRBs)
Martin Marietta (External tank)
Rockwell (Orbiter) | 56.1 m | 24,400[lower-alpha 5] |

* 4,944 with IUS[242]
* 1,200 with PAM-D[243]

| 3,550 to escape with IUS[242] | Yes | 135[244] |

* KSC

| 1981 | 2011
SPARK |  United States | UHAerojet RocketdyneSandia | 17 m | 300 |  |  | No | 1 |

* Barking Sands

| 2015 | 2015
Sparta |  United States | ABMA/Chrysler | 21.8 m | 45 |  |  | No | 10 |

* WRC

| 1966 | 1967
Sputnik 8K71PS |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 30 m | 500[245] |  |  | No | 2 |

* Baikonur

| 1957 | 1957
Sputnik 8A91 |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 31.1 m | 1,327 |  |  | No | 2 |

* Baikonur

| 1958 | 1958
SS-520 |  Japan | IHI Aerospace | 9.5 m | 4[246] |  |  | No | 2[247] |

* KSC

| 2017[248][lower-alpha 12] | 2018
Start-1 |  Russia | MITT | 22.7 m | 532 |  | 250 to SSO | No | 5[249] |

* Svobodny
* Plesetsk

| 1993 | 2006
Start-1.2 |  Russia | MITT | 22.7 m |  |  | 250-300 to SSO | No | 1 |

* Svobodny

| 1997 | 1997
Start |  Russia | MITT | 28.9 m |  |  | 300 to SSO | No | 1 |

* Plesetsk

| 1995 | 1995
Strela |  Russia | Khrunichev | 24-

27.4 m

| 1,400[250] |  |  | No | 3[251] |

* Baikonur

| 2003 | 2014
Taurus-1110 |  United States | Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

| 28.2 m | 1180 | 370 | 750 to SSO | No | 3 |

* VAFB

| 1994 | 2000
Taurus-2110 |  United States | Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

| 29.1 m | 1250 | 375 | 900 to SSO | No | 2 |

* VAFB

| 1999 | 2001
Taurus-2210 |  United States | Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

| 30.9 m | 1050 |  | 700 to SSO | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1998 | 1998
Taurus-3110 |  United States | Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

| 30.1 m | 1450 | 445 | 1,050 to SSO | No | 2 |

* VAFB

| 2009 | 2011
Taurus-3210[68] |  United States | Northrop Grumman | 27.9 m | 1,458[69] | N/A | 1,054 to SSO[lower-alpha 13] | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 2004 | 2004
Terran 1 |  United States | Relativity Space | 35.2 m | 1,250[252] |  | 900 to SSO | No | 1 |

* CCSFS

| 2023 | 2023
Titan II GLV |  United States | Martin Marietta | 33 m | 3,600[253] |  |  | No | 11 (+1) |

* CCSFS

| 1964 | 1966
Titan II(23)G |  United States | Martin Marietta | 31.4 m | 3,600[254] |  |  | No | 13 |

* VAFB

| 1988 | 2003
Titan IIIA |  United States | Martin Marietta | 38.5 m | 3,500 |  |  | No | 4 |

* CCSFS

| 1964 | 1965
Titan IIIB |  United States | Martin Marietta | 42 m | 3,300 |  |  | No | 22 |

* VAFB

| 1966 | 1969
Titan III(23)B |  United States | Martin Marietta | 42 m | 3,350 |  |  | No | 9 |

* VAFB

| 1969 | 1971
Titan III(33)B |  United States | Martin Marietta | 42 m | N/A | 4,500 |  | No | 3 |

* VAFB

| 1971 | 1973
Titan III(24)B |  United States | Martin Marietta | 44 m | 4,500 |  |  | No | 23 |

* VAFB

| 1971 | 1984
Titan III(34)B |  United States | Martin Marietta | 45.3 m | N/A |  |  | No | 11 |

* VAFB

| 1975 | 1987
Titan IIIC |  United States | Martin Marietta | 41 m | 11,500 | 3,000 |  | No | 14 |

* CCSFS

| 1965 | 1970
Titan III(23)C |  United States | Martin Marietta | 42.5 m | 13,100[255] | 3,000 |  | No | 22 |

* CCSFS

| 1970 | 1982
Titan IIID |  United States | Martin Marietta | 36 m | 12,300[256] |  |  | No | 22 |

* VAFB

| 1971 | 1982
Titan IIIE |  United States | Martin Marietta | 48.8 m | 15,400[257] |  |  | No | 7 |

* CCSFS

| 1974 | 1977
Titan 34D |  United States | Martin Marietta | 44.5 m | 14,350 | 3,600 |  | No | 15 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1982 | 1989
Titan IVA |  United States | Martin Marietta | 51.36 m(standard) | 17,110[258] | 4,944 with IUS | 14,090 to SSO[258]

4,536 to GSO with Centaur

3,550 to escape with IUS

| No | 22[259] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1989 | 1998
Titan IVB |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 51.36 m(standard) | 21,682[260] | 5,761[260]
(9,000 with upper stage) |  | No | 17[259] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1997 | 2005
Tysklon-2

(R-36-O)

|  Soviet Union | Yuzhmash | 32 m | 3,350 |  |  | No | 18 |

* Baikonur

| 1965 | 1971
Tsyklon-2A |  Soviet Union | Yuzhmash | 39.7 m | 3,350[261] |  |  | No | 8[262] |

* Baikonur

| 1967 | 1969
Tsyklon-2M |  Soviet Union
Ukraine | Yuzhmash | 39.7 m | 2,820[263] |  |  | No | 106[264] |

* Baikonur

| 1969 | 2006[264]
Tsyklon-3 |  Soviet Union
Ukraine | Yuzhmash | 39.3 m | 1,920[265] |  |  | No | 122[266] |

* Plesetsk

| 1977 | 2009[266]
Unha-2 |  North Korea | KCST | 29.5 m | 80 |  |  | No | 1 |

* Tonghae

| 2009 | 2009
Unha-3 |  North Korea | KCST | 30 m | 110 |  |  | No | 4[267] |

* Sohae

| 2009[lower-alpha 14] | 2016
Vanguard |  United States | Martin | 22.1 m | 9[268] |  |  | No | 10 (+1) |

* CCSFS

| 1957 | 1959
Vanguard SLV-7 |  United States | Martin | 21.6 m | 20 |  |  | No | 1 |

* CCSFS

| 1959 | 1959
VLS-1 |  Brazil | AEB, IAE | 19.5 m | 380[269] |  |  | No | 2[lower-alpha 15] |

* CEA

| 1997 | 2003
Volna-O |  Russia | Makeyev | 14.2 m | 100[270] |  |  | No | 1 (+5)[226] |

* Borisoglebsk

| 1995[lower-alpha 16] | 2005[226]
Voskhod |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 44.1 m | 5,680 |  |  | No | 299 |

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk

| 1963 | 1976
Vostok-L (Luna) |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 30.8 m | 4,000 |  | 400 to TLI | No | 9 |

* Baikonur

| 1958 | 1960
Vostok (Korabl) |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 38.4 m | 4,550 |  | 390 to TLI[271] | No | 4 |

* Baikonur

| 1960 | 1960
Vostok-K |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 30.8 m | 2,460[272] |  |  | No | 16 |

* Baikonur

| 1960 | 1964
Vostok-2 |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 30.8 m | 4,730[272] |  |  | No | 45 |

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk

| 1962 | 1967
Vostok-2M |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 38.8 m | 1,300[273] |  |  | No | 93 |

* Baikonur
* Plesetsk

| 1964 | 1991
Soyuz/Vostok |  Soviet Union | RSC Energia | 31 m | 6,000[274] |  |  | No | 2 |

* Baikonur

| 1965 | 1966
Zenit-2 |  Soviet Union
Ukraine | Yuzhnoye | 57 m | 13,740[275] |  |  | No | 36[276] |

* Baikonur

| 1985 | 2004[277]
Zenit-2FG |  Ukraine | Yuzhnoye | 57 m |  |  |  | No | 1 |

* Baikonur

| 2011 | 2011
Zenit-2M |  Ukraine | Yuzhnoye | 57 m | 13,920[275] |  |  | No | 1 |

* Baikonur

| 2007 | 2007
Zenit-3F |  Ukraine | Yuzhnoye | 59.6 m |  |  | 1,740 to GEO[278] | No | 4[279] |

* Baikonur

| 2011 | 2017
Zenit-3SL |  Ukraine | Yuzhmash
RSC Energia | 59.6 m | 7,000[279] | 6,160 |  | No | 36[279] |

* Ocean Odyssey

| 1999 | 2014
Zenit-3SLB |  Ukraine | Yuzhmash
RSC Energia | 59.5 m |  | 3,750[279] |  | No | 6[279] |

* Baikonur

| 2008 | 2013
Zhuque-1 |  China | LandSpace | 19 m | 300[280] |  | 200 to SSO | No | 1[281] |

* JSLC

| 2018[281] | 2018

## Retired Atlas rockets

Vehicle  | Origin  | Manufacturer  | Height  | Mass to ... (kg)  | Reuse  | Launches
(+ suborbital) | Launch Site (s)  | Date of flight

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

LEO | GTO | Other | First  | Last
Atlas-Able |  United States | General Dynamics | 28 m |  |  | ~175 to TLI | No | 3 |

* CCSFS

| 1959 | 1960
Atlas-Agena |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 36 m | 1,000 |  | 390 to TLI | No | 109 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1960 | 1978
Atlas-Centaur |  United States | Lockheed | 36.2-38.8 m | 1,134[282] | 2,222[283] |  | No | 148 |

* CCSFS

| 1962 | 1983
Atlas B |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 24.9 m | ~4,000 |  |  | No | 10 |

* CCSFS

| 1958 | 1959
Atlas-D OV1 |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 25.9 m | 1,400 |  |  | No | 7  |

* VAFB

| 1965 | 1967
Atlas E/F-Agena |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics/Lockheed | 34 m | 1,000 |  | 390 to TLI | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1978 | 1978
Atlas E/F-Altair-3A |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 27.3 m | 210 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1990 | 1990
Atlas E/F-Burner-2 |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 28.9 m | 950 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1972 | 1972
Atlas E/F-MSD |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 27.3 m | 800 |  |  | No | 4 |

* VAFB

| 1976 | 1980
Atlas E/F-OIS |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 28.7 m | 870 |  |  | No | 2 |

* VAFB

| 1979 | 1985
Atlas E/F-OV1 |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 26.5 m | 363 |  |  | No | 4 |

* VAFB

| 1968 | 1971
Atlas E/F-PTS |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 26.5 m | 295 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1974 | 1974
Atlas E/F-SGS-1 |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 29 m | 450 |  |  | No | 8 |

* VAFB

| 1977 | 1981
Atlas E/F-SGS-2 |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 29 m | 770 |  |  | No | 4 |

* VAFB

| 1983 | 1985
Atlas E/F-Star-17A |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 27.4 m | N/A |  | 800 to MPEO | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1975 | 1975
Atlas E/F-Star-37S |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 29 m | N/A |  | 1,100 to SSO | No | 19 |

* VAFB

| 1978 | 1995
Atlas-F Agena-D |  United States | Convair/General Dynamics | 34 m | N/A |  | 2,300 to Polar | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1978 | 1978
Atlas G |  United States | Lockheed | 43.9 m | 5,900[284] | 2,222 | 1,179 to HCO[284] | No | 7[284] |

* CCSFS

| 1984 | 1989
Atlas H MSD |  United States | Lockheed | 27 m | 3,630[285] |  |  | No | 5 |

* VAFB

| 1983 | 1987
Atlas LV-3B |  United States | Convair | 28.7 m | 1,360 |  |  | No | 9 |

* CCSFS

| 1960 | 1963
Atlas SLV-3 |  United States | Convair | 33.3 m |  |  |  | No | 63 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1966 | 1983
Atlas SLV-3 Burner-2 |  United States | Convair | 30.3 m | ~1,000 |  |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1968 | 1968
Atlas I |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 43.9 m | 5,900[284] | 2,340[284] |  | No | 11[284] |

* CCSFS

| 1990 | 1997
Atlas II |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 47.5 m | 6,780[284] | 2,810 | 2,000 to HCO[284] | No | 10[284] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1991 | 1998
Atlas IIA |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 47.5 m | 7,316[284] | 3,180 | 2,160 to HCO[284] | No | 23[284] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1992 | 2002
Atlas IIAS |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 49 m | 8,618[284] | 3,833 | 2,680 to HCO[284] | No | 30[284] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1993 | 2004
Atlas IIIA |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 52.5 m | 8,686[284] | 4,060 | 2,970 to HCO[284] | No | 2[284] |

* CCSFS

| 2000 | 2004
Atlas IIIB/DEC |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 53.7 m | 10,759[284] | 4,609[284] |  | No | 1[284] |

* CCSFS

| 2002 | 2002
Atlas IIIB/SEC |  United States | Lockheed Martin | 54.7 m | 10,218[286] | 4,193[284] |  | No | 3[284] |

* CCSFS

| 2003 | 2005
Atlas V 401 |  United States | ULA | 57.3 m | 9,050[5] | 4,950 | 6,670 to SSO | No | 41[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2002 | 2022
Atlas V 411 |  United States | ULA | 58.2 m | 9,050[5] | 6,075 | 8,495 to SSO | No | 6[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2006 | 2020
Atlas V 421 |  United States | ULA | 59.1 m | 9,050[5] | 7,000 | 9,050 to SSO | No | 9[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2007 | 2022
Atlas V 431 |  United States | ULA | 59.1 m | 9,050[5] | 7,800 | 9,050 to SSO | No | 3[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2005 | 2016
Atlas V 501 |  United States | ULA | 62.5 m | 8,250[5] | 3,970 | 5,945 to SSO
1,500 to GEO | No | 8[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2010 | 2023
Atlas V 511 |  United States | ULA | 62.5 m | 11,000[5] | 5,250 | 7,820 to SSO
1,750 to GEO | No | 1[287] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2022 | 2022
Atlas V 521 |  United States | ULA | 59.7 m | 13,300[5] | 6,485 | 9,585 to SSO
2,760 to GEO | No | 2[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2003 | 2004
Atlas V 531 |  United States | ULA | 59.7 m | 15,300[5] | 7,425 | 11,160 to SSO
3,250 to GEO | No | 5[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2010 | 2022
Atlas V 541 |  United States | ULA | 59.7 m | 17,100[5] | 8,240 | 12,435 to SSO
3,730 to GEO | No | 9[5] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2011 | 2022

## Retired Delta rockets

Vehicle  | Origin  | Manufacturer  | Height  | Mass to ... (kg)  | Reuse  | Launches
(+ suborbital) | Launch Site (s)  | Date of flight

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

LEO | GTO | Other | First  | Last
Delta 0300 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 34 m |  | 340[288] | 747 to SSO[289] | No | 3[290] |

* VAFB

| 1972 | 1973[291]
Delta 0900 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 34 m | 1,300[292] |  | 818 to SSO[290] | No | 2[290] |

* VAFB

| 1972 | 1972
Delta 1410 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 340[293] |  |  | No | 1[290] |

* VAFB

| 1975 | 1975
Delta 1604 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 390[294] |  |  | No | 2[290] |

* CCSFS

| 1972 | 1973
Delta 1900 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 1,800[290] |  |  | No | 1[290] |

* VAFB

| 1973 | 1973
Delta 1910 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 1,066[295] |  |  | No | 1[290] |

* CCSFS

| 1975 | 1975
Delta 1913 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 328[296] |  |  | No | 1[290] |

* CCSFS

| 1973 | 1973
Delta 1914 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m |  | 680[297] |  | No | 2[290] |

* CCSFS

| 1972 | 1973
Delta 2310 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 336[298] |  |  | No | 3[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1974 | 1981
Delta 2313 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m |  |  | 243 to GEO[299] | No | 3[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1974 | 1977
Delta 2910 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 1,887[290] |  |  | No | 6[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1975 | 1978
Delta 2913 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 2,000[300] | 700[300] |  | No | 6[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1975 | 1976
Delta 2914 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m |  | 724[290] |  | No | 30[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1974 | 1979
Delta 3910 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 2,494[290] | 1,154 with PAM-D |  | No | 10[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1980 | 1988
Delta 3913 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 816[301] |  |  | No | 1[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1981 | 1981
Delta 3914 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m |  | 954[290] |  | No | 13[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1975 | 1987
Delta 3920 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 3,452[290] | 1,284 with PAM-D |  | No | 10[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1982 | 1989
Delta 3924 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m |  | 1,104[290] |  | No | 4[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1982 | 1984
Delta 4925 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 3,400[302] | 1,312[290] |  | No | 2[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1989 | 1990
Delta 5920 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 35.2 m | 3,848[303] |  |  | No | 1[290] |

* VAFB

| 1989 | 1989
Delta II 6920 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 38.8 m | 3,983[290] |  |  | No | 3[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1990 | 1992
Delta II 6925 |  United States | McDonnell Douglas | 39.4 m | 1,447 | 1,447[290] |  | No | 14[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1989 | 1992
Delta II 7320 |  United States | Boeing IDS / ULA | 38.9 m | 2,865[290] |  | 1,651 to SSO | No | 12[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1999 | 2015
Delta II 7326 |  United States | Boeing IDS | 38.4 m |  | 934[290] | 636 to TLI
629 to HCO | No | 3[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1998 | 2001
Delta II 7420 |  United States | ULA | 39 m | 3,185[290] |  | 1,966 to SSO | No | 14[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1998 | 2018
Delta II 7425 |  United States | Boeing IDS | 39 m |  | 1,100[290] | 804 to HCO | No | 4[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1998 | 2002
Delta II 7426 |  United States | Boeing IDS | 39 m |  | 1,058[290] | 734 to TLI
711 to HCO | No | 1[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1999 | 1999
Delta II 7920 |  United States | Boeing IDS / ULA | 39.4 m | 5,030[290] |  | 3,123 to SSO | No | 29[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1998 | 2017
Delta II 7925 |  United States | Boeing IDS / ULA | 39.4 m |  | 1,819[290] | 1,177 to TLI
1,265 to HCO | No | 69[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1990 | 2009
Delta II-H 7920H |  United States | Boeing IDS / ULA | 39 m | 6,097[290] |  |  | No | 3[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2003 | 2011
Delta II-H 7925H |  United States | Boeing IDS / ULA | 39.8 m |  | 2,171 | 1,508 to HCO[290] | No | 3[290] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2003 | 2007
Delta III 8930 |  United States | Boeing IDS | 39 m | 8,292[290] | 3,810 |  | No | 3[290] |

* CCSFS

| 1998 | 2000
Delta IV M |  United States | Boeing IDS | 61.3 m | 9,440[15] | 4,440 | 7,690 to polar | No | 3[16] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2003 | 2006
Delta IV M+(4,2) |  United States | ULA | 61.3 m | 13,140[15] | 6,390 | 10,250 to polar | No | 14[16] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2002 | 2019
Delta IV M+(5,2) |  United States | ULA | 65.5 m | 11,470[15] | 5,490 | 9,600 to polar | No | 3[16] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2012 | 2018
Delta IV M+(5,4) |  United States | ULA | 65.5 m | 14,140[15] | 7,300 | 11,600 to polar | No | 8[16] |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 2009 | 2019

## Retired Thor rockets

Vehicle  | Origin  | Manufacturer  | Height  | Mass to ... (kg)  | Reuse  | Launches
(+ suborbital) | Launch Site (s)  | Date of flight

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

LEO | GTO | Other | First  | Last
Thor-Able I |  United States | Douglas/Aerojet | 26.9 m | 250 |  |  | No | 3 |

* CCSFS

| 1958 | 1958
Thor-Able II |  United States | Douglas/Aerojet | 27.3 m | 270 |  |  | No | 4 |

* CCSFS

| 1959 | 1960
Thor-Able III |  United States | Douglas/Aerojet | 27.4 m |  |  | ~64 to HEO | No | 1 |

* CCSFS

| 1959 | 1959
Thor-Able IV |  United States | Douglas/Aerojet | 27.2 m |  |  | ~43 to Heliocentric | No | 1 |

* CCSFS

| 1960 | 1960
Thor Agena-A |  United States | Douglas/Lockheed | 22.7 m | 860 |  |  | No | 16 |

* VAFB

| 1959 | 1960
Thor Agena-B |  United States | Douglas/Lockheed | 26.3 m | 1,200 |  |  | No | 21 |

* VAFB

| 1962 | 1965
Thor Agena-D |  United States | Douglas/Lockheed | 29.3 m | 1,150 |  |  | No | 22 |

* VAFB

| 1962 | 1967
Thorad SLV-2G Agena D |  United States | Douglas/Lockheed | 32.9 m | 2,000 |  |  | No | 30 |

* VAFB

| 1966 | 1971
Thorad SLV-2H Agena D |  United States | Douglas/Lockheed | 34 m | 2,000 |  |  | No | 13 |

* VAFB

| 1969 | 1972
Thor-Burner-1 MG-18 |  United States | Douglas | 23 m | 770 |  | 150-300 to MEO | No | 2 |

* VAFB

| 1965 | 1965
Thor-Burner-1 Altair-3 |  United States | Douglas | ~24 m | >73 |  |  | No | 4 |

* VAFB

| 1965 | 1966
Thor-Burner-2 |  United States | Douglas | 22.4 m |  |  | 250 to MEO | No | 12 |

* VAFB

| 1966 | 1971
Thor-Burner-2A |  United States | Douglas | 23.5 m |  |  | 300 to MEO | No | 8 |

* VAFB

| 1971 | 1976
Thor-Delta |  United States | Douglas | 31 m | 226 | 45 |  | No | 12 |

* CCSFS

| 1960 | 1962
Thor-Delta A |  United States | Douglas | 31 m | 250 | 68 |  | No | 2 |

* CCSFS

| 1962 | 1962
Thor-Delta B |  United States | Douglas | 31 m | 370 | 68 |  | No | 9 |

* CCSFS

| 1962 | 1964
Thor-Delta C |  United States | Douglas | 27.5 m | 81 |  |  | No | 11 |

* CCSFS

| 1963 | 1967
Thor-Delta C1 |  United States | Douglas | 27.5 m | 81 |  |  | No | 2 |

* CCSFS

| 1966 | 1969
Thor-Delta D |  United States | Douglas | 32 m | 450 | 104 |  | No | 2 |

* CCSFS

| 1964 | 1965
Thor-Delta E |  United States | Douglas | 31 m | 540 | 150 |  | No | 6 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1965 | 1967
Thor-Delta E1 |  United States | Douglas | 28 m | 540 | 205 |  | No | 17 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1966 | 1971
Thor-Delta G |  United States | Douglas | 30 m | 650 |  |  | No | 2 |

* CCSFS

| 1966 | 1967
Thor-Delta J |  United States | Douglas | 31 m | 260 | 263 |  | No | 1 |

* VAFB

| 1968 | 1968
Thor-Delta L |  United States | Douglas | 35 m | 356 | 300 |  | No | 2 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1969 | 1972
Thor-Delta M |  United States | Douglas | 34 m | 356 | 355 |  | No | 12 |

* CCSFS

| 1968 | 1971
Thor-Delta M6 |  United States | Douglas | 32.4 m | 454 | 450 |  | No | 1 |

* CCSFS

| 1971 | 1971
Thor-Delta N |  United States | Douglas | 33 m | 900 |  |  | No | 6 |

* VAFB,
* CCSFS

| 1968 | 1972
Thor-Delta N6 |  United States | Douglas | 33 m | 1,600 |  |  | No | 3 |

* VAFB

| 1970 | 1971
Thor-DM21 Able-Star |  United States | Douglas/Aerojet | 29 m | 150 |  |  | No | 11 |

* CCSFS

| 1960 | 1962
Thor-DSV2A Able-Star |  United States | Douglas/Aerojet | 29 m | 150 |  |  | No | 8 |

* VAFB

| 1963 | 1965
Thor-ISS |  United States | Douglas/Thiokol | 23 m |  |  | 500 to MEO | No | 5 |

* VAFB

| 1976 | 1980
Thor-SLV2A Agena-B |  United States | Douglas/Lockheed | 31 m | 400 |  |  | No | 2 |

* VAFB

| 1963 | 1966
Thor-SLV2A Agena-D |  United States | Douglas/Lockheed | 29.3 m | 1,500 |  |  | No | 60 |

* VAFB

| 1963 | 1968

1. ↑ Reference altitude 500 km
2. ↑ First suborbital test in 1969, first orbital launch attempt in 1970
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[10]
4. ↑ Without Buran, and assuming payload providing orbital insertion
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The U.S. Space Shuttle Transportation System and the Soviet Energia-Buran system consist of launch vehicle rockets and returnable spaceplane orbiter. Payload values listed here are for the mass of the payload in cargo bay of the spaceplanes, excluding the mass of the spaceplanes themselves.
6. ↑ The SpaceX website lists the F9 payload to LEO as 13,150kg. The payload to GTO is listed as 4,850kg. However, SpaceX has stated that these numbers include a 30% margin to accommodate re-usability.
7. ↑ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[34]
8. ↑ Suborbital test flights in 1995, 1997 and 2002, no orbital launches attempted
9. ↑ The N1 rocket was initially designed for 75 t LEO capacity and launch attempts were made with this version, but there were studies to increase the payload capacity to 90–95 t, if a liquid-hydrogen upper stage engine could be developed.
10. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in May 2018.[211]
11. ↑ The Saturn V made 13 launches, 12 of which reached the correct orbits, and the other (Apollo 6) reached a different orbit than the one which had been planned; however, some mission objectives could still be completed; NASA, Saturn V News Reference, Appendix: Saturn V Flight History (1968) . For more information, see the Saturn V article. The Saturn V launch record is usually quoted as having never failed, e.g. "The rocket was masterminded by Wernher Von Braun and did not fail in any of its flights", Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin; Saturn, but the Apollo 6 launch should be considered a partial mission failure. The 13th launch of Saturn V was in special configuration (SA-513) with the Skylab.
12. ↑ A prior version of the SS-520 flew twice as a suborbital sounding rocket in 1998 and 2000. In 2017, the addition of a small third stage enabled orbital launches of ultra-light nano- or picosatellites.[246]
13. ↑ Reference altitude 400 km
14. ↑ A suborbital test flight failed in 2006. The first two orbital missions failed in 2009 and 2012, and the rocket finally reached orbit in late 2012.[267]
15. ↑ A third rocket exploded before launch.
16. ↑ First orbital launch attempt in 2005

## Launch systems by country

The following chart shows the number of launch systems developed in each country, and broken down by operational status. Rocket variants are not distinguished; i.e., the Atlas V series is only counted once for all its configurations 401–431, 501–551, 552, and N22.

Script error: No such module "Chart".

## See also

* Comparison of orbital launchers families
* Comparison of orbital rocket engines
* Comparison of crewed space vehicles
* Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
* List of space launch system designs
* Reusable launch system
* List of orbital launch systems
* Lists of rockets
* List of sounding rockets
* List of upper stages
* Non-rocket spacelaunch

## Notes

1. ↑ There are many different methods. Each mestylethod has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research. However, most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic de Laval nozzle. This sort of engine is called a rocket engine.
2. ↑ The first medieval rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; they were used by the Chinese, Indians, Mongols and Arabs, in warfare as early as the 13th century.
3. ↑ Such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne.
4. ↑ Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojet rockets for orbital station-keeping and some use momentum wheels for attitude control. Soviet bloc satellites have used electric propulsion for decades, and newer Western geo-orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north-south stationkeeping and orbit raising. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have used ion thrusters and Hall effect thrusters (two different types of electric propulsion) to great success.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Angara Family". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/angara.htm.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Angara Launch Vehicle Family". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=44&lang=en.
3. ↑ "Angara-1 to inaugurate new rocket family". https://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara1.html.
4. ↑ Mooney, Justin (2022-10-16). "Angara 1.2 launches satellite for Russian Aerospace Forces" (in en-US). https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/angara-kosmos-2560/.
5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 "Atlas V". https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/atlas-v.
6. ↑ "Atlas-5(551) (Atlas-V(551))" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/atlas-5-551.htm.
7. ↑ Egan, Barbara [@barbegan13] (15 October 2016). "@torybruno @ulalaunch @baserunner0723 We are calling the config N22. No payload fairing with the Starliner on board" (in en). https://twitter.com/barbegan13/status/787351995078152192.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Percival, Claire (2022-05-29). "OFT-2 CST-100 Starliner (Uncrewed) | Atlas V N22" (in en-US). https://everydayastronaut.com/oft-2-cst-100-starliner-uncrewed-atlas-v-n22/.
9. ↑ Roulette, Joey (22 December 2019). "'Bull's-eye' landing in New Mexico for Boeing's Starliner astronaut capsule". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-exploration-boeing/bulls-eye-landing-in-new-mexico-for-boeings-starliner-astronaut-capsule-idUSKBN1YQ03X.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Ceres-1 (Gushenxing-1, GX-1)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ceres-1.htm.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Ceres-1". https://www.galactic-energy.cn/index.php/En/List/cid/14.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Ceres-1 (Gushenxing-1, GX-1)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ceres-1.htm.
13. ↑ Kim, Jeongmin (1 June 2023). "North Korea rushed satellite launch after seeing ROK rocket success, Seoul says". NK News. https://www.nknews.org/2023/06/north-korea-rushed-satellite-launch-after-seeing-rok-rocket-success-seoul-says/.
14. ↑ "Chollima-1" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/chollima-1.htm.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 "Delta IV". https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/delta-iv.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Krebs, Gunter. "Delta-4". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta-4.htm.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Electron" (in en). https://www.rocketlabusa.com/launch/electron/.
18. ↑ "Completed Missions" (in en). https://www.rocketlabusa.com/missions/completed-missions/.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 "Projects&Products". IHI Aerospace. http://www.ihi.co.jp/ia/en/product/rocket.html.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 Krebs, Gunter. "Epsilon". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/epsilon.htm.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 "SpaceX - Falcon 9" (in en). http://www.spacex.com/.
22. ↑ Either 2 or 3 boosters recoverable
23. ↑ Musk, Elon. Making Life Multiplanetary. SpaceX. Event occurs at 15:35. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 22 March 2018 - via YouTube. "BFR in fully reusable configuration, without any orbital refueling, we expect to have a payload capability of 150 tonnes to low Earth orbit and that compares to about 30 for Falcon Heavy"
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 "SpaceX - Falcon Heavy" (in en). http://www.spacex.com/.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Alpha Launch Vehicle" (in en-US). https://fireflyspace.com/alpha/.
26. ↑ "Missions Archive" (in en-US). https://fireflyspace.com/missions/.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Yinli-1 (Gravity-1, YL-1)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/yinli-1.htm.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 "Indian Space Research Organisation - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark II". https://www.isro.gov.in/GSLV_CON.html.
29. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "GSLV". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gslv.htm.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 "H-IIA – User's Manual". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. February 2015. https://www.mhi.com/jp/products/pdf/manual.pdf.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 Krebs, Gunter. "H-2A". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/h-2a.htm.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Only the X00 version of the H3 is intended for LEO launches.[failed verification] The higher capability X02 and X03 variants could presumably launch significantly more payload to LEO, but are not specified for this mission. Space Launch Report: H3 Data Sheet[Usurped!],[|permanent dead link|dead link}}] retrieved 20 Feb. 2019/
33. ↑ "H-3-22" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/h-3-22.htm.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Shuang Quxian-1 (SQX-1, Hyperbola-1)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shuang-quxian-1.htm.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "Shuang Quxian-1 (SQX-1, Hyperbola-1)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shuang-quxian-1.htm.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-1 (Smart Dragon-1, SD 1)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-1.htm.
37. ↑ "China's Jielong 1 smallsat launcher successful on first flight – Spaceflight Now" (in en-US). https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/17/chinas-jielong-1-smallsat-launcher-successful-on-first-flight/.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-3 (Smart Dragon-3, SD 3)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/jielong-3.htm.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "Lijian-1 (Kinetica-1, Zhongke-1, ZK-1)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/lijian-1.htm.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Kuaizhou-1A (KZ-1A)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/kuaizhou-1a.htm.
41. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Kuaizhou-1 (KZ-1) / Fei Tian 1". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kuaizhou-1.htm.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Private Chinese rocket reaches orbit 2 years after test-flight failure (video)" (in en). 2022-12-07. https://www.space.com/china-kuaizhou-11-solid-rocket-launch-success.
43. ↑ "Kuaizhou-11 (KZ-11)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kuaizhou-11.htm.
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "LM-2C 
 Launch Vehicle 
 CGWIC". http://cgwic.com/Launchservice/LM2C.html.
45. ↑ "Two satellites with secretive missions launched by China". Spaceflight Now. 12 October 2018. https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/10/12/two-satellites-with-secretive-missions-launched-by-china/.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-2.htm.
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "China_Orbital_Launch_Activity_2020.pdf". https://docs.google.com/gview?url=https://brycetech.com/reports/report-documents/China_Orbital_Launch_Activity_2020.pdf.
48. ↑ "LM-2D 
 Launch Vehicle 
 CGWIC". http://www.cgwic.com/LaunchServices/LaunchVehicle/LM2D.html.
49. ↑ 49.00 49.01 49.02 49.03 49.04 49.05 49.06 49.07 49.08 49.09 49.10 49.11 49.12 49.13 49.14 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-3.htm.
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 "CZ-4B (Chang Zheng-4B)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-4b.htm.
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-4C (Chang Zheng-4C)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-4c.htm.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC)". http://cgwic.com/Launchservice/LM5.html.
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-5 (Chang Zheng-5)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-5.htm.
54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Jones, Andrew (2020-07-17). "Long March 5 rolled out for July 23 launch of China's Tianwen-1 Mars mission" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/long-march-5-rolled-out-for-july-23-launch-of-chinas-tianwen-1-mars-mission/.
55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "China's Long March 7A rocket successful on second flight – Spaceflight Now" (in en-US). https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/03/12/chinas-long-march-7a-rocket-successful-on-second-flight/.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 "CZ-6 (Chang Zheng-6)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-6.htm.
57. ↑ "China launches Yaogan 40 spy satellite on Long March 6A rocket (video)" (in en). 2023-09-11. https://www.space.com/china-yaogan-40-spy-satellite-long-march-6a-launch-video.
58. ↑ "CZ-6A (Chang Zheng-6A)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-6a.htm.
59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Volosín, Juan I. Morales (2023-05-08). "Tianzhou-6 | Long March 7" (in en-US). https://everydayastronaut.com/tianzhou-6-long-march-7/.
60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 "CZ-7A (Chang Zheng-7A)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-7a.htm.
61. ↑ "长征七号首飞成功 空间实验室任务大幕拉开" (in zh). 2016-06-25. http://www.spacechina.com/n25/n144/n206/n214/c1339839/content.html.
62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "Long March 8 rocket lifts 5 satellites in debut flight". https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c6810962/content.html.
63. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-8 (Chang Zheng-8)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-8.htm.
64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-11 (Chang Zheng-11)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-11.htm.
65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 "Indian Space Research Organisation - LVM3(Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III)". https://www.isro.gov.in/GSLVmk3_CON.html.
66. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "GSLV Mk.3 (LVM-3)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gslv-mk3.htm.
67. ↑ "Crew module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE)". ISRO. 18 December 2014. http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/crew-module-atmospheric-re-entry-experiment-care.
68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 "Taurus". Orbital Sciences Corporation. 2012. http://www.orbital.com/spacelaunch/taurus/.
69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.4 "Taurus / Minotaur-C" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/taurus.htm.
70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 "Minotaur Rocket" (in en). https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/minotaur-rocket.
71. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-1 (OSP-SLV)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/minotaur-1.htm.
72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 72.4 Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-3/-4/-5/-6 (OSP-2 Peacekeeper SLV)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/minotaur-4.htm.
73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 동아사이언스 (2022-12-04). "누리호 탑재 중량 1.5t→1.9t으로 성능 '업'" (in ko). http://m.dongascience.com/news.php?idx=57409.
74. ↑ "Nuri (KSLV-2)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kslv-2.htm.
75. ↑ "Pegasus Rocket" (in en). https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/pegasus-rocket.
76. ↑ "Pegasus" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/pegasus.htm.
77. ↑ "Proton Launch System Mission Planner's Guide – Section 2. LV Performance". International Launch Services. July 2009. http://www.ilslaunch.com/sites/default/files/pdf/PMPG Section 2.pdf.
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Proton-K and -M Briz-M". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/proton-m_briz-m.htm.
79. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Proton-M Blok-DM-2". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/proton-m_blok-dm-2.htm.
80. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Proton-M Blok-DM-03". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/proton-m_blok-dm-03.htm.
81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 81.4 "PSLV-CA (2)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv-ca_2.htm.
82. ↑ "PSLV-CA (1)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv-ca.htm.
83. ↑ "PSLV-DL" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv-dl.htm.
84. ↑ "PSLV-QL" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv-ql.htm.
85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 "PSLV-XL" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv-xl.htm.
86. ↑ Arunan, S.; Satish, R. (25 September 2015). "Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft and its challenges". Current Science 109 (6): 1061–1069. doi:10.18520/v109/i6/1061-1069.
87. ↑ "Qaem-100" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/qaem-100.htm.
88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 "Qased" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/qased.htm.
89. ↑ Opall-Rome, Barbara (2011-06-09). "Israel Eyes Overseas Launch of Next Ofeq Spy Satellite" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/israel-eyes-overseas-launch-next-ofeq-spy-satellite/.
90. ↑ "Shavit-2" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/shavit-2.htm.
91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Simorgh (Safir-2)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/simorgh.htm.
92. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iran-satellite-space-launch-rocket-missiles-b2486138.html
93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 "GYUB (South Korean Solid Fueled LV)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gyub.htm.
94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "SOYUZ-2 Launch Vehicle". https://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_2/.
95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 "Soyuz-2-1a Fregat" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-2-1a_fregat.htm.
96. ↑ "Soyuz-2-1a (14A14)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-2-1a.htm.
97. ↑ "Soyuz-2-1a Volga" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-2-1a_volga.htm.
98. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-2-1a (14A14)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-2-1a.htm.
99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 "Soyuz-2-1b Fregat" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-2-1b_fregat.htm.
100. ↑ "Soyuz-2-1b" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-2-1b.htm.
101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz core only". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/soyuz_core_only.htm.
102. ↑ "Starship". SpaceX. https://www.spacex.com/starship.
103. ↑ "SpaceX" (in en). http://www.spacex.com/.
104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 "NASA's Space Launch System Reference Guide (Web Version)". https://www3.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/sls_reference_guide_2022_v2_508_0.pdf.
105. ↑ "SLS" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/sls.htm.
106. ↑ Lock, Samantha (16 November 2022). "NASA Artemis 1 launch: Rocket lifts off on moon mission – as it happened". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2022/nov/16/artemis-1-nasa-rocket-launch-moon-mission-space-live-updates.
107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 "Indian Space Research Organisation". https://www.isro.gov.in/sslv_CON.html.
108. ↑ "List of SSLV Launches". https://www.isro.gov.in/SSLV_Launchers.html.
109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 "Tianlong-2" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/tianlong-2.htm.
110. ↑ "Vega (P80 based)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vega_p80.htm.
111. ↑ "Vega User's Manual". Arianespace. April 2014. pp. 2–10. http://www.arianespace.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Vega-Users-Manual_Issue-04_April-2014.pdf.
112. ↑ "Vega" (in en-US). https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/vega/.
113. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Vega". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vega_p80.htm.
114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 "Vega C - Arianespace". Arianespace. https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/vega-c/.
115. ↑ "Vega-C" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/vega-c.htm.
116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 "Vulcan". https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/vulcan-centaur.
117. ↑ "Vulcan" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vulcan.htm.
118. ↑ 118.0 118.1 118.2 "Zhuque-2 (ZQ-2, LandSpace-2, LS-2)" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/zhuque-2.htm.
119. ↑ Jones, Andrew [@AJ_FI] (14 December 2022). "Looks like Zhuque-2 second stage failed to reach orbital velocity. Satellites lost. Similar to Zhuque-1 launch four years ago. t.co/DuDtHVHyyc" (in en). https://twitter.com/AJ_FI/status/1602975302501662720.
120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 120.2 120.3 120.4 120.5 Lagier, Roland (March 2018). "Ariane 6 User's Manual Issue 1 Revision 0". Arianespace. http://www.arianespace.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Mua-6_Issue-1_Revision-0_March-2018.pdf.
121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 Berger, Eric (2023-05-12). "The Ariane 6 rocket will now debut no earlier than the spring of 2024" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/05/the-ariane-6-rockets-debut-will-slip-into-2024-the-question-is-how-far/.
122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 "Mission ― Perigee". https://perigee.space/mission/.
123. ↑ 123.0 123.1 Boucher, Marc (14 March 2017). "Exclusive: Maritime Launch Services Selects Nova Scotia Site for Spaceport Over 13 Other Locations". SpaceQ. https://spaceq.ca/maritime-launch-services-selects-nova-scotia-site-for-spaceport-over-13-other-locations/.
124. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Tsiklon-4M (Cyclone-4M)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/tsiklon-4m.htm.
125. ↑ "Precious Payload allies with Maritime Launch + adds Canada's 1st commercial spaceport to the Launch.ctrl marketplace for smallsat interests – SatNews". https://news.satnews.com/2022/12/09/precious-payload-allies-with-maritime-launch-adds-canadas-1st-commercial-spaceport-to-the-launch-ctrl-marketplace-for-smallsat-interests/.
126. ↑ "LAUNCH" (in en). https://www.gspacetech.com/launch.
127. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2 November 2023). "China's iSpace launches and lands rocket test stage". spacenews.com. https://spacenews.com/chinas-ispace-launches-and-lands-rocket-test-stage/.
128. ↑ "Launch Vehicle". Space One. https://www.space-one.co.jp/vehicle/index_e.html.
129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 Jones, Andrew (28 June 2021). "China's super heavy rocket to construct space-based solar power station". https://spacenews.com/chinas-super-heavy-rocket-to-construct-space-based-solar-power-station/.
130. ↑ Jones, Andrew (5 July 2018). "China reveals details for super-heavy-lift Long March 9 and reusable Long March 8 rockets". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/china-reveals-details-for-super-heavy-lift-long-march-9-and-reusable-long-march-8-rockets/.
131. ↑ Pinedo, Emma (20 October 2023). "Spain's PLD Space expects first orbital launch in Q1 2026 from French Guiana". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/spains-pld-space-expects-first-orbital-launch-q1-2026-french-guiana-2023-10-20/.
132. ↑ "Medium Launch Vehicle". Firefly Aerospace. https://fireflyspace.com/mlv/.
133. ↑ "JP Introducing Neutron". 2021-03-01. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agqxJw5ISdk.
134. ↑ Foust, Jeff (8 March 2017). "Eutelsat first customer for Blue Origin's New Glenn". SpaceNews. http://spacenews.com/eutelsat-first-customer-for-blue-origins-new-glenn/.
135. ↑ "Interview. Bordeaux : après des essais dans leur jardin, ils vont lancer leur fusée dans l'espace" (in fr). 2023-05-04. https://actu.fr/societe/bordeaux-apres-des-essais-dans-leur-jardin-ils-vont-lancer-leur-fusee-dans-l-espace_59409862.html.
136. ↑ China 'N Asia Spaceflight 🚀🛰️🙏 [@CNSpaceflight] (9 January 2023). "GAPACTIC-ENERGY's another important goal is to develop the reusable kerosene fueled rocket PALLAS-1, which is now targeted in 2024 for first launch t.co/TMrTZ6ZD8D t.co/xPKe0mVIBB" (in en). https://twitter.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1612449239786786816.
137. ↑ Foust, Jeff (18 July 2018). "Orbex stakes claim to European smallsat launch market". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/orbex-stakes-claim-to-european-smallsat-launch-market/.
138. ↑ 138.0 138.1 "LAUNCHER – Rocket Factory Augsburg" (in en-US). https://www.rfa.space/launcher/.
139. ↑ "Shetland's SaxaVord spaceport will soon be launching satellites into orbit". Express. 24 June 2023. https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1783992/Shetland-SaxaVord-spaceport-launching-satellites.
140. ↑ 140.0 140.1 "ABL Space Systems". https://www.ablspacesystems.com.
141. ↑ "Skyrora XL Rocket | Skyrora". https://www.skyrora.com/skyrora-xl#section-5.
142. ↑ "Space Launch System". NASA. 11 October 2017. https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/sls_fact_sheet_final_10112017.pdf.
143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 Harbaugh, Jennifer (9 July 2018). "The Great Escape: SLS Provides Power for Missions to the Moon". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/to-the-moon.html.
144. ↑ Creech, Stephen (April 2014). "NASA's Space Launch System: A Capability for Deep Space Exploration". NASA. p. 2. https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Creech_SLS_Deep_Space.pdf.
145. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (7 August 2017). "Preliminary design for Soyuz-5 races to completion". http://www.russianspaceweb.com/soyuz5-lv-2017.html.
146. ↑ "First launch of Soyuz-5 rocket due Dec 24, 2025". TASS. 17 August 2023. https://tass.com/science/1661733.
147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 Berger, Eric (7 October 2020). "Russian space corporation unveils planned "Amur" rocket—and it looks familiar". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/10/russian-space-corporation-unveils-planned-amur-rocket-and-it-looks-familiar/.
148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 "Spectrum" (in en). https://www.isaraerospace.com/spectrum.
149. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2023-11-03). "Norway opens Andøya spaceport" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/norway-opens-andoya-spaceport/.
150. ↑ 150.0 150.1 "Relativity Space Shares Updated Go-to-Market Approach for Terran R, Taking Aim at Medium to Heavy Payload Category with Next-Generation Rocket". Relativity Space (Press release). 12 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
151. ↑ "Vega E: M10 motor / Mira". Avio. http://www.avio.com/en/vega/vega-e/vega-e-mira-motor/.
152. ↑ 152.0 152.1 152.2 "Launch Vehicle" (in en-US). 2019-01-10. https://skyroot.in/launch-vehicle/.
153. ↑ "Skyroot Aerospace" (in en-US). https://skyroot.in/.
154. ↑ 154.0 154.1 "Rocket Rundown – A Fleet Overview". ULA. November 2019. https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlas-v-and-delta-iv-technical-summary.pdf.
155. ↑ Axe, David. "Iran's New Space Rocket Could Double As A Nuclear Missile" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/02/01/irans-new-space-rocket-could-double-as-a-weapon/.
156. ↑ 156.0 156.1 156.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Antares (Taurus-2)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/antares_osc.htm.
157. ↑ 157.00 157.01 157.02 157.03 157.04 157.05 157.06 157.07 157.08 157.09 157.10 157.11 157.12 157.13 157.14 157.15 157.16 157.17 Krebs, Gunter. "Ariane-1, -2, -3, -4". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane.htm.
158. ↑ 158.0 158.1 158.2 158.3 158.4 158.5 158.6 158.7 158.8 Krebs, Gunter. "Ariane-5". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane-5.htm.
159. ↑ "Ariane 5". http://andegraf.com/rockets/ariane5.htm.
160. ↑ "Final launch of Ariane 5 GS completes busy year / Launchers / Our Activities / ESA". European Space Agency. 2009-12-19. http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEM5TFAK73G_index_0.html.
161. ↑ 161.0 161.1 "Ariane 5 Users Manual". Arianespace. p. 39 (ISS orbit). http://www.arianespace.com/site/documents/Ariane5_users_manual_Issue4.pdf.
162. ↑ "Ariane 5 sets new record on latest launch". 24 October 2021. https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Ariane/Ariane_5_sets_new_record_on_latest_launch.
163. ↑ "Welcome To ISRO :: Launch Vehicles". ISRO. http://www.isro.org/Launchvehicles/launchvehicles.aspx#ASLV.
164. ↑ 164.0 164.1 Krebs, Gunter. "SLV-3 / ASLV". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/slv_aslv.htm.
165. ↑ "Athena-1 (LLV-1 / LMLV-1)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/athena-1.htm.
166. ↑ "NASA, Athena Mission Planner's Guide 26 August 2012". https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Athena_MPG_01-23-12.pdf.
167. ↑ "Athena-2". Astronautix.com. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/athena2.htm.
168. ↑ "Athena-2 (LLV-2 / LMLV-2)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/athena-2.htm.
169. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Black Arrow
170. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan III
171. ↑ 171.0 171.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Dnepr". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/dnepr-1.htm.
172. ↑ Clark, Stephen (30 December 2016). "Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket". http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/12/30/iridium-satellites-closed-up-for-launch-on-falcon-9-rocket/. "Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches."
173. ↑ 173.0 173.1 173.2 "S. P. Korolev RSC Energia – LAUNCHERS". Energia. http://www.energia.ru/english/energia/launchers/vehicle_energia.html.
174. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Energia". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/fam/energia.htm.
175. ↑ 175.0 175.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Falcon-1". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/falcon-1.htm.
176. ↑ 176.0 176.1 "Falcon 9". SpaceX. 2012-11-16. http://www.spacex.com/falcon9.
177. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Falcon-9". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/falcon-9.htm.
178. ↑ 178.0 178.1 178.2 178.3 "Capabilities & Services". SpaceX. http://www.spacex.com/about/capabilities.
179. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (June 15, 2016). "Iridium's SpaceX launch slowed by Vandenberg bottleneck". SpaceNews. http://spacenews.com/iridiums-spacex-launch-slowed-by-vandenberg-bottleneck/.
180. ↑ Feng Bao 1, part of CZ family
181. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "FB-1 (Feng Bao-1)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/fb-1.htm.
182. ↑ 182.0 182.1 182.2 182.3 182.4 Krebs, Gunter. "GSLV". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/gslv.htm.
183. ↑ "JERS (Fuyo)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jers.htm.
184. ↑ astronautix.com, H-2
185. ↑ 185.0 185.1 Krebs, Gunter. "H-2". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/h-2.htm.
186. ↑ astronautix.com H-IIA 2024
187. ↑ "MHI Launch Services: Launch Vehicles". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. https://www.mhi.com/products/space/launch_srv_lineup.html.
188. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "H-2B". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/h-2b.htm.
189. ↑ 189.0 189.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/kaituozhe-2.htm.
190. ↑ "Cosmos-1, 3, 3M and 3MU – SL-8 – C-1". http://www.russianspaceweb.com/cosmos3.html.
191. ↑ 191.0 191.1 191.2 191.3 191.4 191.5 191.6 "Nissan Heritage Collection online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan Motors. http://nissan-heritage-collection.com/NEWS/publicContents/index.php?procType=CATEGORY&catID=14.
192. ↑ 192.0 192.1 192.2 192.3 192.4 192.5 192.6 "Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/index.shtml.
193. ↑ astronautix.com, Long March 1, also called CZ-1
194. ↑ 194.0 194.1 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-1 (Chang Zheng-1)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/cz-1.htm.
195. ↑ astronautix.com, Long March 1D (CZ-1D)
196. ↑ astronautix.com Long March 2A – CZ-2A
197. ↑ "LM-3A Series Launch Vehicles User's Manual Issue 2011". 2011. http://www.cgwic.com/LaunchServices/Download/manual/LM-3A Series Launch Vehicles User's Manual Issue 2011.pdf.
198. ↑ astronautix.com, Encyclopedia Astronautica, Molniya 8K78M
199. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Molniya (8K78)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/molniya.htm.
200. ↑ "US-K (73D6)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/us-k.htm.
201. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Molniya and Soyuz with upper stages". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/molniya.htm.
202. ↑ "Complex N1-L3". Energia.ru. http://www.energia.ru/en/history/systems/vehicles/vehicle_n1-l3.html.
203. ↑ "L3". Astronautix.com. http://www.astronautix.com/craft/l3.htm.
204. ↑ "RSC "Energia" – History". Energia.ru. 2011-04-12. http://www.energia.ru/en/history/systems/vehicles/vehicle_n1-l3_c.html.
205. ↑ Wade, Mark. "N1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/n1.htm.
206. ↑ astronautix.com, N-I- Delta
207. ↑ astronautix.com, Encyclopedia Astronautica, N-2
208. ↑ "STSAT 2C". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/stsat-2c.htm.
209. ↑ Goh, Deyana (5 July 2018). "Chinese startup One Space successfully tests first stage engine for orbital rocket". Spacetech Asia. http://www.spacetechasia.com/chinese-startup-one-space-successfully-tests-first-stage-engine-for-orbital-rocket/.
210. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "OS-M (Chongqing SQX)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/os-m.htm.
211. ↑ Jones, Andrew (17 May 2018). "Chinese company OneSpace sends OS-X rocket to 40 km in maiden flight". GBTimes. https://gbtimes.com/chinese-company-onespace-sends-os-x-rocket-to-40-km-in-maiden-flight.
212. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Proton-K
213. ↑ "Launch Vehicles". http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/space/lectures/lec17.html.
214. ↑ "Proton". Astronautix.com. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/proton.htm.
215. ↑ "Outcome Budget 2016–2017". Government of India, Department of Space. 2016. https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/7064/outcomebudget2016-2017.pdf. "Currently, two versions of PSLV are operational, namely PSLV-XL (with six extended version of Strap-on motors) and the PSLV Core-alone (without Strap-on motors)."
216. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Rokot (Rockot)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/rokot.htm.
217. ↑ "ABL Space Systems maiden flight fails after liftoff". 10 February 2023. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/01/abl-rs1-demo-1/.
218. ↑ astronautix.com, Saturn I
219. ↑ 219.0 219.1 "Saturn-1 & Saturn-1B". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/saturn-1.htm.
220. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Saturn IB
221. ↑ Bilstein, Roger E.. "Appendix C: Saturn Family/Mission Data". NASA History Office. https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/app-c.htm.
222. ↑ "Rocket and Space Technology". Braeunig.us. http://www.braeunig.us/space/specs/saturn.htm.
223. ↑ Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin,  Saturn, 2005 (paperback, Apogee Books Space Series, 2010), ISBN:1-894959-19-1
224. ↑ John Duncan, Saturn V Flight History (1999), web page (accessed 20 August 2010)
225. ↑ "Vysota / Volna / Shtil". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm.
226. ↑ 226.0 226.1 226.2 "Vysota / Volna / Shtil". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/shtil_volna.htm.
227. ↑ 227.0 227.1 227.2 "SLV-3". http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/SLV/Description/Frame.htm.
228. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz (11A511)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz.htm.
229. ↑ "Soyuz-FG Launch Vehicle". Progress Rocket Space Centre. http://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_fg/.
230. ↑ 230.0 230.1 230.2 230.3 Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz with Fregat upper stage". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/soyuz_fregat.htm.
231. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-FG (11A511U-FG)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-fg.htm.
232. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-L (11A511L)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-l.htm.
233. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-M (11A511M)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-m.htm.
234. ↑ "Soyuz-ST". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuzst.htm. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
235. ↑ 235.0 235.1 "Soyuz-ST Launch Vehicle". Progress Rocket Space Centre. http://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_st/.
236. ↑ "Soyuz 2 Launch Vehicle". http://www.russianspaceweb.com/soyuz2_lv.html.
237. ↑ "Soyuz overview". Arianespace. http://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/soyuz/.
238. ↑ 238.0 238.1 "Soyuz-U Launch Vehicle". http://en.samspace.ru/products/launch_vehicles/rn_soyuz_u/.
239. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz with Ikar and Volga upper stages". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/soyuz_ikar-volga.htm.
240. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-U (11A511U)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-u.htm.
241. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-U2 (11A511U2)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/soyuz-u2.htm.
242. ↑ 242.0 242.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Shuttle (STS)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/sts.htm.
243. ↑ "SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PAYLOADS". Kennedy Space Center. 2000. http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/carriers.html.
244. ↑ "NASA – Space Shuttle". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/main/index.html.
245. ↑ "Sputnik 2 (PS-2 #1)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sputnik-2.htm.
246. ↑ 246.0 246.1 Krebs, Gunter. "SS-520". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ss-520.htm.
247. ↑ Graham, William (3 February 2018). "Japanese sounding rocket claims record-breaking orbital launch". NASASpaceFlight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/02/japanese-rocket-record-borbital-launch/.
248. ↑ "Experimental Launch of World's Smallest Orbital Space Rocket ends in Failure". Spaceflight 101. 14 January 2017. http://spaceflight101.com/ss-520-4-rocket-launches-on-experimental-mission/.
249. ↑ "Start-1". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/start-1.htm.
250. ↑ "Strela launcher". http://www.russianspaceweb.com/strela.html.
251. ↑ "Strela". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/strela.htm.
252. ↑ "Terran". https://www.relativityspace.com/rockets.
253. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan II GLV
254. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan 23G
255. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIIC
256. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIID
257. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIIE
258. ↑ 258.0 258.1 "Titan-4". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/titan-4.htm.
259. ↑ 259.0 259.1 "Titan-4". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/titan-4.htm.
260. ↑ 260.0 260.1 "Fact Sheet – Titan IVB". United States Air Force. https://www.maxwell.af.mil/au/awc/space/factsheets/titan_ivb.htm.
261. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2A
262. ↑ "Tsiklon-2A (11K67)". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/tsiklon-2a.htm.
263. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2
264. ↑ 264.0 264.1 "Tsiklon-2 (11K69)". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/tsiklon-2.htm.
265. ↑ nasaspaceflight.com, Tsyklon-3
266. ↑ 266.0 266.1 "Tsiklon-3 (11K68)". Space.skyrocket.de. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/tsiklon-3.htm.
267. ↑ 267.0 267.1 Krebs, Gunter. "Unha ("Taepodong-2")". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/unha.htm.
268. ↑ astronautix.com, vanguard
269. ↑ "VLS". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vls.htm.
270. ↑ "IRDT 1, 2, 2R". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irdt-1.htm.
271. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-014A.
272. ↑ 272.0 272.1 "Spacecraft – Vostok". http://www.braeunig.us/space/specs/vostok.htm.
273. ↑ "Meteor-2 (11F632)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/meteor-2.htm.
274. ↑ astronautix.com, Soyuz/Vostok
275. ↑ 275.0 275.1 Kyle, Ed. "Zenit Data Sheet". Spacelaunchreport.com. http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/zenit.html.
276. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Zenit-2". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/zenit-2.htm.
277. ↑ "Zenit launch vehicle". Russianspaceweb.com. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/zenit.html.
278. ↑ "Elektro-L 1, 2, 3". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/elektro-l.htm.
279. ↑ 279.0 279.1 279.2 279.3 279.4 Krebs, Gunter. "Zenit-3". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/zenit-3.htm.
280. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2 August 2018). "Landspace of China to launch first rocket in Q4 2018". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/landspace-of-china-to-launch-first-rocket-in-q4-2018.
281. ↑ 281.0 281.1 Barbosa, Rui C. (27 October 2018). "Chinese commercial provider LandSpace launches Weilai-1 on a Zhuque-1 rockets – fails to make orbit". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/10/chinese-landspace-launches-weilai-1-zhuque-1-rocket/.
282. ↑ "Atlas Centaur LV-3C Development". 25 March 2023. http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/aclv3cb.html.
283. ↑ "Atlas Centaur". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/atlas_centaur.htm.
284. ↑ 284.00 284.01 284.02 284.03 284.04 284.05 284.06 284.07 284.08 284.09 284.10 284.11 284.12 284.13 284.14 284.15 284.16 284.17 284.18 284.19 284.20 284.21 284.22 Krebs, Gunter. "Atlas Centaur". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/atlas_centaur.htm.
285. ↑ astronautix.com, Atlas H
286. ↑ astronautix.com, Atlas IIIB
287. ↑ "ULA launches two space surveillance satellites for U.S. Space Force" (in en-US). 2022-01-21. https://spacenews.com/ula-launches-two-space-surveillance-satellites-for-u-s-space-force/.
288. ↑ "WMO OSCAR – Satellite: NOAA-3". http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/325.
289. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=ITOS-E1.
290. ↑ 290.00 290.01 290.02 290.03 290.04 290.05 290.06 290.07 290.08 290.09 290.10 290.11 290.12 290.13 290.14 290.15 290.16 290.17 290.18 290.19 290.20 290.21 290.22 290.23 290.24 290.25 290.26 290.27 290.28 290.29 290.30 290.31 290.32 290.33 290.34 290.35 290.36 290.37 290.38 290.39 290.40 290.41 290.42 290.43 290.44 290.45 290.46 290.47 290.48 290.49 290.50 290.51 290.52 Krebs, Gunter. "Delta". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/delta.htm.
291. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 0300". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela0300.htm.
292. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 0900". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela0900.htm.
293. ↑ "GEOS 3". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/geos-3.htm.
294. ↑ "1972 – 2616 – Flight Archive". https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972 - 2616.html.
295. ↑ "OSO 8". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/oso-8.htm.
296. ↑ "Explorer: RAE B". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_rae-b.htm.
297. ↑ "Delta-1914". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-1914.htm.
298. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-077A.
299. ↑ "Skynet 2A, 2B". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/skynet-2.htm.
300. ↑ 300.0 300.1 Wade, Mark. "Delta 2913". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela2913.htm.
301. ↑ "Explorer: DE 1, 2". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_de.htm.
302. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 4000". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela4000.htm.
303. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 5000". http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/dela5000.htm.

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launch systems

* List of orbital launch systems
* Comparison of orbital launch systems

Current|

* Angara
* A5
* Antares 230+
* Ariane 5
* Atlas V
* Delta IV Heavy
* Electron
* Epsilon
* Falcon 9 Block 5
* Falcon Heavy
* GSLV
* Mk II
* Mk III
* H-IIA
* H-IIB
* Hyperbola-1
* Jielong 1
* Kuaizhou
* 1
* 1A
* Kaituozhe 2
* Long March
* 2C
* 2D
* 2F
* 3A
* 3B/E
* 3C
* 4B
* 4C
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 11
* Minotaur
* I
* IV
* V
* C
* OS-M1
* Pegasus XL
* Proton-M
* PSLV
* Safir
* Shavit
* Simorgh
* Soyuz-2
* 2.1a / STA
* 2.1b / STB
* 2-1v
* Unha
* Vega
* Zenit
* 3SL
* 3SLB
* 3F
* Zhuque-1

In development|

* Angara 1.2
* Ariane 6
* Bloostar
* Cyclone-4M
* Eris
* Firefly Alpha
* Beta
* H3
* Hyperbola-2
* Irtysh
* Kuaizhou
* 11
* 21
* 31
* LauncherOne
* Long March
* 8
* 9
* Miura 5
* New Glenn
* New Line 1
* Nuri
* OmegA
* OS-M2
* OS-M4
* Orbex Prime
* SLS
* Soyuz-7
* SSLV
* Starship
* Terran 1
* Vega C
* Vega E
* Vulcan
* Zero
* Zhuque-2

Retired|

* Antares 110/120/130/230
* Ariane
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ASLV
* Athena
* I
* II
* Atlas
* B
* D
* E/F
* G
* H
* I
* II
* III
* LV-3B
* SLV-3
* Able
* Agena
* Centaur
* Black Arrow
* Conestoga
* Delta
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* G
* J
* L
* M
* N
* 0100
* 1000
* 2000
* 3000
* 4000
* 5000
* II
* III
* IV
* Diamant
* Dnepr
* Energia
* Europa
* Falcon 1
* Falcon 9
* v1.0
* v1.1
* v1.2 "Full Thrust"
* Feng Bao 1
* GSLV
* Mk I
* H-I
* H-II
* Juno I
* Juno II
* Kaituozhe-1
* Kosmos
* 1
* 2I
* 3
* 3M
* Lambda 4S
* Long March
* 1
* 1D†
* 2A
* 2E
* 3
* 3B
* 4A
* Mu
* 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII
* V
* N1†
* N-I
* N-II
* Naro-1
* Paektusan
* Pilot†
* R-7
* Luna
* Molniya
* M
* L
* Polyot
* Soyuz
* original
* FG
* L
* M
* U
* U2
* Soyuz/Vostok
* Sputnik
* Voskhod
* Vostok
* L
* K
* 2
* 2M
* R-29
* Shtil'
* Volna
* Saturn
* I
* IB
* V
* Scout
* SLV
* Space Shuttle
* SPARK†
* Sparta
* SS-520
* Start-1
* Thor
* Able
* Ablestar
* Agena
* Burner
* Delta
* DSV-2U
* Thorad-Agena
* Titan
* II GLV
* IIIA
* IIIB
* IIIC
* IIID
* IIIE
* 34D
* 23G
* CT-3
* IV
* Tsyklon
* 2
* 3
* 4
* UR (Proton)
* UR-500 (Proton)
* Proton-K
* Rokot
* Strela
* Vanguard
* VLS-1†
* Zenit
* 2
* 2M

Classes|

* Sounding rocket
* Small-lift launch vehicle
* Medium-lift launch vehicle
* Heavy-lift launch vehicle
* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

* Symbol † indicates projects terminated before a successful orbital launch

* v
* t
* e

Spaceflight lists and timelines

* Timeline of spaceflight

General|

* Space exploration
* outline
* timeline
* Spaceflight records
* Space Race
* Asian Space Race
* Rocket and missile technology

Human spaceflight|

| General|

* Crewed spacecraft
* timeline
* Spaceflights
* 1961–1970
* 1971–1980
* 1981–1990
* 1991–2000
* 2001–2010
* 2011–present
* by program
* Soviet
* Russian
* Vostok
* Soyuz
* Mercury
* Gemini
* Apollo
* Skylab
* Shenzhou
* Gaganyaan
* Spacelab
* Artemis

|

Salyut|

* Expeditions
* Spaceflights
* crewed
* uncrewed
* Spacewalks
* Visitors

Mir|

* Expeditions
* Spaceflights
* crewed
* uncrewed
* Spacewalks
* Visitors

ISS|

* Expeditions
* Spaceflights
* crewed
* uncrewed
* Spacewalks
* Visitors
* Deployed

Shuttle|

* Crews
* Missions
* timeline
* Rollbacks

People|

* Astronauts
* by name
* by year of selection
* by first flight
* Apollo
* Gemini
* Chinese
* European
* Cosmonauts
* female
* Jewish
* Muslim
* Arab
* African-American
* Space travelers by name
* Space travelers by nationality
* timeline
* Dead astronauts

EVA|

* 1965–1999
* 2000–2014
* 2015–present
* Cumulative spacewalk records
* Longest spacewalks
* Spacewalkers

Solar System exploration|

* Timeline
* Interplanetary voyages
* Landings on other planets
* artificial objects
* Objects at Lagrangian points
* Probes
* active
* leaving the Solar System
* lunar probes
* Missions to the Moon
* Timeline of satellites
* Sample-return mission
* Mars

Earth-orbiting satellites|

* Climate research
* Communications satellite firsts
* CubeSats
* PocketQube
* Earth observation satellites
* timeline
* Geosynchronous orbit
* GOES
* Kosmos
* Magnetospheric
* NRO
* TDRS
* USA

Vehicles|

* Orbital launch systems
* Comparison
* Sounding rocket list
* Spacecraft
* uncrewed
* crewed
* Upper stages
* Sounding rocket
* Small-lift launch vehicle
* Medium-lift launch vehicle
* Heavy-lift launch vehicle
* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

Launches by rocket type|

* Ariane
* Atlas
* Black Brant
* Electron
* Falcon 9 and Heavy
* H-I and H-II
* Long March
* Proton
* PSLV
* R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
* Scout
* SLS
* Thor and Delta
* Titan
* Tsyklon
* V-2 tests
* Zenit

Launches by spaceport|

* Satish Dhawan

Agencies, companies
and facilities|

* Communications satellite companies
* comparison
* Private spaceflight companies
* Rocket launch sites
* Space agencies
* Spacecraft manufacturers

Other mission lists
and timelines|

* First orbital launches by country
* NASA missions
* Constellation missions
* Timeline of private spaceflight
* Timeline of longest spaceflights

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