John_Galsworthy

John Galsworthy 






Born:

August 14, 1867
Kingston, Surrey, England


Died:

January 31 1933 (aged 65)
London, England


Occupation(s):

Writer


Nationality:

English 




John Galsworthy (August 14, 1867 – January 31, 1933) was an English novelist and playwright. Notable works include The Forsyte Saga (1906–1921) and its sequels, A Modern Comedy and End of the Chapter. Galsworthy's novels addressed the class system in England, especially the rise of the merchant class, or "new money," and its relations to the aristocracy, or "old money." In the wake of the Industrial Revolution and urbanization, Galsworthy's works reflected the inevitable conflicts that arose during the transition from a more pastoral society to a modern one. He won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1932.

Contents

1 Biography
2 Literary Works
3 Legacy
4 Adaptations
5 Selected works
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
9 Credits



Biography
Galsworthy was born at Kingston Hill in Surrey, England, into an established wealthy family, the son of John and Blanche Bailey (nee Bartleet) Galsworthy. He attended Harrow and New College, Oxford, training as a barrister and was called to the bar in 1890. However, he was not interested in practicing law and instead traveled abroad to look after the family's shipping business interests. During these travels he met Joseph Conrad, then the first mate of a sailing-ship moored in the harbor of Adelaide, Australia, and the two future novelists became close friends. In 1895, Galsworthy began an affair with Ada Nemesis Pearson, the wife of one of his cousins. After her divorce the pair eventually married on September 23, 1905, and stayed together until his death in 1933. During World War I, he worked in a hospital in France as an orderly after being passed over for military service. John Galsworthy lived for the final seven years of his life at Bury in West Sussex. He died from a brain tumor at his London home, Grove Lodge, Hampstead. In accordance with his will he was cremated at Woking, and his ashes scattered over the South Downs from the air.[1] There is also a memorial in Highgate "New" Cemetery.[2]

Literary Works
From the Four Winds was Galsworthy's first published work in 1897, a collection of short stories. These, and several subsequent works, were published under the pen name John Sinjohn, and it would not be until The Island Pharisees (1904) that he would begin publishing under his own name, probably owing to the death of his father. His first play, The Silver Box (1906), became a success, and he followed it up with The Man of Property (1906), the first in the Forsyte trilogy. Although he continued writing both plays and novels, it was as a playwright that he was mainly appreciated at the time. Along with other writers of the time, such as Shaw, his plays addressed the class system and social issues; two of his best known plays were Strife (1909) and The Skin Game (1920).
Over time his reputation shifted; he is now far better known for his novels and particularly The Forsyte Saga, the first of three trilogies of novels about the eponymous family and connected lives. These books, as with many of his other works, dealt with class, and in particular upper-middle class lives. Although sympathetic to his characters, he highlights their insular, snobbish, and acquisitive attitudes and their suffocating moral codes. He is viewed as one of the first writers of the Edwardian era; challenging in his works some of the ideals of society depicted in the proceeding literature of Victorian England. The depiction of a woman in an unhappy marriage furnishes another recurring theme in his work. The character of Irene in The Forsyte Saga is drawn from Ada Pearson even though her previous marriage was not as miserable as Irene's.

 Bury House, Galsworthy's West Sussex home.
His work is often less convincing when it deals with the changing face of wider British society and how it affects people of the lower social classes. Through his writings he campaigned for a variety of causes, including prison reform, women's rights, animal welfare, and censorship, but these have limited appeal outside the era in which they were written.

Legacy
He was elected as the first president of the International PEN literary club in 1921, was appointed to the Order of Merit in 1929—after earlier turning down a knighthood—and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1932.
The popularity of his fiction waned quickly after his death, but the hugely successful adaptation of The Forsyte Saga in 1967 renewed interest in the writer.
A number of John Galsworthy's letters and papers are held at the University of Birmingham Special Collections.

Adaptations
The Forsyte Saga has been filmed several times:

That Forsyte Woman (1949), directed by Compton Bennett, an MGM adaptation in which Errol Flynn played a rare villainous role, as Soames.
BBC television drama (1967), directed by James Cellan Jones, David Giles, starring Eric Porter, Nyree Dawn Porter, Kenneth More, Susan Hampshire, Joseph O'Conor, adapted by Lennox Philips and others, 26 parts.
Granada television drama (2002), directed by Christopher Menaul, starring Gina McKee, Damian Lewis, Rupert Graves, Corin Redgrave, 13 parts.
The Skin Game was adapted and directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1931. It starred VC France, Helen Haye, Jill Esmond, Edmund Gwenn, John Longden.
Escape was filmed in 1930 and 1948. The latter was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, starring Rex Harrison, Peggy Cummings, William Hartnell. The screenplay was by Philip Dunne.
One More River (a film version of Galsworthy's Over the River) was filmed by James Whale in 1934. The film starred Frank Lawton, Colin Clive (one of Whale's most frequently used actors), and Diana Wynyard. It also featured Mrs. Patrick Campbell in a rare sound film appearance.

Selected works
From The Four Winds, 1897 (as John Sinjohn)
Jocelyn, 1898 (as John Sinjohn)
Villa Rubein, 1900 (as John Sinjohn)
A Man Of Devon, 1901 (as John Sinjohn)
The Island Pharisees, 1904
The Silver Box, 1906 (his first play)
The Forsyte Saga, 1906-21, 1922
The Man Of Property, 1906
(interlude) Indian Summer of a Forsyte, 1918
In Chancery, 1920
(interlude) Awakening, 1920
To Let, 1921
The Country House, 1907
A Commentary, 1908
Fraternity, 1909
A Justification For The Censorship Of Plays, 1909
Strife, 1909
Fraternity, 1909
Joy, 1909
Justice, 1910
A Motley, 1910
The Spirit Of Punishment, 1910
Horses In Mines, 1910
The Patrician, 1911
The Little Dream, 1911
The Pigeon, 1912
The Eldest Son, 1912
Moods, Songs, And Doggerels, 1912
For Love Of Beasts, 1912
The Inn Of Tranquility, 1912
The Dark Flower, 1913
The Fugitive, 1913
The Mob, 1914
The Freelands, 1915
The Little Man, 1915
A Bit's Love, 1915
A Sheaf, 1916
The Apple Tree, 1916
Beyond, 1917
Five Tales, 1918
Saint's Progress, 1919
Addresses In America, 1912
The Foundations, 1920
In Chancery, 1920
Awakening, 1920
The Skin Game, 1920
To Let, 1920
A Family Man, 1922
The Little Man, 1922
Loyalties, 1922
Windows, 1922
Captures, 1923
Abracadabra, 1924
The Forest, 1924
Old English, 1924
The Show, 1925
Escape, 1926
Verses New And Old, 1926
Castles In Spain, 1927
A Modern Comedy, 1924-1928, 1929
The White Monkey, 1924
(Interlude) a Silent Wooing, 1927
The Silver Spoon, 1926
(Interlude) Passers By, 1927
Swan Song, 1928
Two Forsyte Interludes, 1927
The Manaton Edition, 1923-26 (collection, 30 vols.)
Exiled, 1929
The Roof, 1929
On Forsyte Change, 1930
Two Essays On Conrad, 1930
Soames And The Flag, 1930
The Creation Of Character In Literature, 1931 (The Romanes Lecture for 1931).
Maid In Waiting, 1931
Forty Poems, 1932
Flowering Wilderness, 1932
Over the River, 1933
Autobiographical Letters Of Galsworthy: A Correspondence With Frank Harris, 1933
The Grove Edition, 1927-34 (collection, 27 Vols.)
Collected Poems, 1934
End Of the Chapter, 1931-1933, 1934 (posthumously)
Maid In Waiting, 1931
Flowering Wilderness, 1932
One More River, 1933 (originally the English edition was called Over the River)
Punch And Go, 1935
The Life And Letters, 1935
The Winter Garden, 1935
Forsytes, Pendyces And Others, 1935
Selected Short Stories, 1935
Glimpses And Reflections, 1937
Galsworthy's Letters To Leon Lion, 1968
Letters From John Galsworthy 1900-1932, 1970
Notes

↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, John Galsworthy. Retrieved November 9, 2007.

↑ Poets' Graves, Other Writers. Retrieved November 9, 2007.


ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
Marrot, Harold Vincent. The Life and Letters of John Galsworthy. C. Scribner's Sons, 1936.
Mottram, R. H. John Galsworthy. British Council by Longmans, Green, 1952.
Sternlicht, Stanford V. John Galsworthy. Twayne Publishers, 1987. ISBN 9780805769470
External links
All links retrieved August 3, 2022.

John Galsworthy at Find A Grave
Works by John Galsworthy. Project Gutenberg
The Man of Property LibriVox recording




 Nobel Prize in Literature: Laureates (1926-1950)




1926: Grazia Deledda |
1927: Henri Bergson |
1928: Sigrid Undset |
1929: Thomas Mann |
1930: Sinclair Lewis |
1931: Erik Axel Karlfeldt |
1932: John Galsworthy |
1933: Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin |
1934: Luigi Pirandello |
1936: Eugene O'Neill |
1937: Roger Martin du Gard |
1938: Pearl S. Buck |
1939: Frans Eemil Sillanpää |
1944: Johannes Vilhelm Jensen |
1945: Gabriela Mistral |
1946: Hermann Hesse |
1947: André Gide |
1948: T. S. Eliot |
1949: William Faulkner |
1950: Bertrand Russell


Complete List

Laureates (1901-1925) | Laureates (1926-1950) | Laureates (1951-1975) | Laureates (1976-2000) | Laureates (2001-2025)




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