List of invasive species in Australia

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Main article: Biology:Invasive species in Australia

This is a list of some of the more notable invasive species in Australia.

## Contents

* 1 Plants
* 2 Crustaceans
* 3 Insects
* 4 Molluscs
* 5 Fish (freshwater)
* 6 Reptiles & amphibians
* 7 Birds
* 8 Mammals
* 9 Echinoderms
* 10 Fungi and pathogens
* 11 References
* 12 External links

## Plants

The Australian Weeds Committee maintains a noxious weeds list covering all the states and territories.[1]

* Acacia farnesiana (sweet acacia)[2]
* Ageratina riparia (mistflower)[3]
* Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven)[4]
* Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed)[4]
* Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge)[5]
* Annona glabra (alligator apple)[4]
* Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine)[4]
* Ardisia elliptica (shoebutton Ardisia)[6]
* Arundo donax (giant cane)[4]
* Asparagus aethiopicus (asparagus fern)[4]
* Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry)[7]
* Brassica tournefortii (African mustard)[8]
* Bromus rubens (foxtail brome)[9]
* Chrysanthemoides monilifera (bitou bush)[4]
* Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel)[4]
* Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine)[10]
* Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse)[4]
* Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort)[11]
* Lantana camara (lantana)[4]
* Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy)[12]
* Opuntia spp. (prickly pear)[4]
* Solanum mauritianum (wild tobacco)[4]
* Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat's tail grass)[13]

## Crustaceans

* Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle)[14]
* Carcinus maenas (shore crab)[15]
* Cherax destructor (common yabby, invasive in Western Australia)[16]
* Limnoria quadripunctata (gribble)[17]

## Insects

* Bemisia tabaci (Silverleaf whitefly)[18]
* Solenopsis invicta (Red imported fire ant)[19]
* Vespula germanica (European wasp)[20]
* Monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh ant)[21]
* Paratrechina Longicornis (longhorn crazy ant) [22]
* Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant)[23]
* Apis cerana (eastern honey bee)[24]
* Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito)[25]
* Aethina tumida (small hive beetle)[26]
* Aphis spiraecola (green citrus aphid)[27]
* Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed chalcid)[28]
* Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid)[29]
* Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)[30]
* Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug)[31]
* Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid)[32]
* Euwallacea fornicatus (tea shot-hole borer)[33]
* Forficula auricularia (common earwig)[34]
* Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)[35]
* Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle)[36]
* Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper)[37]
* Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)[38]
* Maconellicoccus hirsutus (hibiscus mealybug)[39]
* Pheidole megacephala (coastal brown ant)[40]
* Phylacteophaga froggatti (leafblister sawfly)[41]
* Pineus pini (pine adelgid)[42]
* Sitobion miscanthi (Indian grain aphid)[43]
* Solenopsis geminata (ginger ant)[44]
* Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)[45]
* Spodoptera litura (Oriental leafworm moth)[46]
* Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)[47]
* Tremex fuscicornis (tremex wasp)[48]
* Trichomyrmex destructor (destructive trailing ant)[49]
* Vespula vulgaris (common wasp)[50]
* Wasmannia auropunctata (electric ant)[51]
* Xanthogaleruca luteola (elm-leaf beetle)[52]
* Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer)[53]

## Molluscs

Native to the Mediterranean regions, more than one species of white snail is now quite common in Kadina and elsewhere in South Australia. This image shows many Theba pisana, and a number of smaller and more pointed Cochlicella acuta aestivating on a fence post.

* Cernuella virgata (Common white snail)[54]
* Cochlicella acuta (Pointed snail)[55]
* Cochlicella barbara (Small pointed snail)[56]
* Cornu aspersum (garden snail)[57]
* Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)[58]
* Deroceras laeve (marsh slug)[59]
* Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster)[60]
* Musculista senhousia (Asian mussel)[61]
* Theba pisana (White garden snail)[62][63]

## Fish (freshwater)

* Acanthogobius flavimanus (yellowfin goby)[64]
* Astronotus ocellatus (oscar)[65]
* Carassius auratus (Goldfish)[66]
* Cyprinus carpio (Common carp)[67]
* Gambusia holbrooki (Gambusia)[68]
* Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Asian weatherloach)[69]
* Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)[70]
* Oreochromis spp. (Tilapia)[71]
* Pelmatolapia mariae (spotted tilapia)
* Perca fluviatilis (European perch, redfin perch)[72]
* Salmo trutta (Brown trout)[73]
* Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail)[74]

## Reptiles & amphibians

* Hemidactylus frenatus (House Gecko)[75][76]
* Rhinella marina (Cane toad)[77][78][79]
* Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider)[80][81]
* Lissotriton vulgaris (Smooth newts)[82][83]

## Birds

* Acridotheres tristis (Common myna)[84]
* Columba livia (Domestic pigeon)[85]
* Passer domesticus (House sparrow)[86]
* Spilopelia chinensis (Spotted dove)[87]
* Sturnus vulgaris (Common starling)[88]
* Alauda arvensis (Skylark)[87]
* Turdus merula (Eurasian Blackbird)[87]
* Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow)[87]
* Carduelis carduelis (European Goldfinch)[87]
* Chloris chloris (European Greenfinch)[87]
* Gallus gallus (Red junglefowl)[89]
* Gallus varius (green junglefowl)
* Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl)[90]
* Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)[87]
* Spilopelia senegalensis (laughing dove)[87]
* Struthio camelus (common ostrich)[91][92][93]
* Turdus philomelos (song thrush)[87]
* Pycnonotus jocosus (Red-whiskered bulbul)[94]

## Mammals

* Bos javanicus (Banteng)[95]
* Bubalus bubalis (Water buffalo)[96]
* Camelus dromedarius (Feral camel)[97][98]
* Canis lupus familiaris (Wild dogs)[77][99]
* Capra hircus (Feral goat)[77][100]
* Cervus elaphus (Red deer)[101][102][103]
* Equus asinus (Feral donkey)[104]
* Equus caballus (Feral horse)[88][104][105]
* Felis silvestris catus (Feral cat)[77][106]
* Lepus europaeus (European hare)[107]
* Mus musculus (House mouse)[77][88][108]
* Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (Common rabbit)[77][109]
* Rattus norvegicus (Brown rat)[110]
* Rattus rattus (Black rat)[111]
* Sus scrofa domestica (Razorback)[88][112]
* Vulpes vulpes (Red fox)[77][113][114]
* Funambulus pennantii (Five-lined palm squirrel)[115]
* Axis axis (Chital deer)[116][103]
* Axis porcinus (Hog deer)[117][103]
* Cervus timorensis (Rusa deer)[118][103]
* Dama dama (Fallow deer)[119][103]
* Cervus unicolor (Sambar Deer)[103][120]
* Antilope cervicapra (Blackbuck)

## Echinoderms

* Asterias amurensis (Northern Pacific seastar)[121]

## Fungi and pathogens

* Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Frog chytrid fungus)[122]

## References

1. ↑ "Noxious Weed List for Australian States and Territories". Australian Weeds Committee. June 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070830083549/http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/weednet6.pdf. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
2. ↑ Acacia farnesiana . Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
3. ↑ Parsons, W.T.; Cuthbertson, E.G. (2001) (in en). Noxious Weeds of Australia (2nd ed.). Collingwood: CSIRO. pp. 243–245. ISBN 0643065148. https://books.google.com/books?id=sRCrNAQQrpwC.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Noxious weed list for Australian states and territories . Australian Weeds Committee, September 2005. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
5. ↑ Andropogon virginicus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
6. ↑ Ardisia elliptica alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
7. ↑ Berberis thunbergii alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
8. ↑ Brassica tournefortii alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
9. ↑ Bromus rubens alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
10. ↑ "Rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) in Queensland". June 1996. http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA-RubberVine-PSA.pdf.
11. ↑ Invasive Plants. Sustainable Gardening Australia. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.
12. ↑ "Ox-eye daisy" (in en). 29 June 2018. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/pest-animals-and-weeds/weeds/widespread-weeds/ox-eye-daisy.
13. ↑ "Giant rat's tail grass". Queensland Government. https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/plants/invasive/restricted/giant-rats-tail-grass.
14. ↑ Shalaeva, Ekaterina (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.91903.
15. ↑ Delaney, David (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Carcinus maenas (European shore crab)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.90475.
16. ↑ Beatty, Stephen John; Morgan, David Lloyd; Gill, Howard (October 2005). "Role of Life History Strategy in the Colonisation of Western Australian Aquatic Systems by the Introduced Crayfish Cherax destructor Clark, 1936". Hydrobiologia 549 (1): 219–237. doi:10.1007/s10750-005-5443-0. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226957967.
17. ↑ "Limnoria quadripunctata (gribble)" (in en). Centre of Agriculture and Biosciences International. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109147. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
18. ↑ Cotton whitefly distribution . Pests and Diseases Image Library. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
19. ↑ Solenopsis invicta alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
20. ↑ Kasper, Marta L. (2004). The population ecology of an invasive social insect, Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) in South Australia / Marta L Kasper (Thesis).
21. ↑ Anderson, Alan; M. Blum; T. Jones (16 June 1991). "Venom Alkaloids in Monomorium "rothsteini" Forel Repel Other Ants: Is This the Secret to Success by Monomorium in Australian Ant Communities?". Oecologia 88 (2): 157–160. doi:10.1007/bf00320805. PMID 28312126. Bibcode: 1991Oecol..88..157A.
22. ↑ (in en) ﻿Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant)﻿ (Report). 2022-01-07. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.44709.
23. ↑ Gunawardana, Disna (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.5575.
24. ↑ "Asian honey bee" (in en-AU). Queensland Government. 21 June 2023. https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/animals/invasive/restricted/asian-honey-bees.
25. ↑ "Dengue: virus, fever and mosquitoes" (in en-AU). 19 July 2021. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/diseases-infection/diseases/mosquito-borne/dengue/virus-fever.
26. ↑ Beverley, Claire (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Aethina tumida﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.3459.
27. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.6221.
28. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed chalcid)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.10083.
29. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.16743.
30. ↑ "Fruit fly" (in en). 30 May 2018. https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/fruit/mediterranean-fruit-fly?nopaging=1.
31. ↑ Dominiak, B; Gillespie, P (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.16264.
32. ↑ Nematollahi, M. R (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.9887.
33. ↑ Gomez, Demian F.; Johnson, Andrew J. (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.57163.
34. ↑ Maczey, N (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Forficula auricularia (European earwig)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.24345.
35. ↑ Reitz, S (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.24426.
36. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.27364.
37. ↑ Ganeswaran, R (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.28472.
38. ↑ Gómez, C; Abril, S (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.30839.
39. ↑ Watson, Gillian W (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.40171.
40. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.40133.
41. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Phylacteophaga froggatti (leafblister sawfly)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.40283.
42. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.41326.
43. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Sitobion miscanthi (indian grain aphid)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.51740.
44. ↑ Chin, Deanna (7 August 2008). "Ants in the Household and Garden". https://dpir.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/228121/ent220ants20in20the20household20and20garden20factsheet.pdf.
45. ↑ Fitzgerald, Daniel; Fowler, Courtney; Stanley, Michelle (2020-04-01). "Fall armyworm outbreak in NT and WA a sign invasive pest is spreading rapidly" (in en-AU). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2020-04-01/fall-armyworm-outbreak-in-multiple-northern-territory-regions/12110308.
46. ↑ Maes, K (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.44520.
47. ↑ Lester, P (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.54310.
48. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Tremex fuscicornis (Tremex wasp)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.54516.
49. ↑ Hoffmann, Ben (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.34581.
50. ↑ Beggs, Jacqueline (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Vespula vulgaris (wasp, common)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.56675.
51. ↑ "Electric ant" (in en-AU). 2016-04-18. https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/animals/invasive/restricted/electric-ant.
52. ↑ (in en) ﻿Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle)﻿ (Report). 2022-01-07. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.44619.
53. ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.57038.
54. ↑ "Common white snail or Mediterranean white snail". 30 January 2008. http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/LBUN-74L3NM/$FILE/white snails C virgata Fact Sheet.pdf.
55. ↑ Baker, G. H. (2008-11-06). "The population dynamics of the mediterranean snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta (Hygromiidae) and Theba pisana (Helicidae) in pasture–cereal rotations in South Australia: a 20-year study" (in en). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48 (12): 1514–1522. doi:10.1071/EA08031. ISSN 1446-5574. https://www.publish.csiro.au/ea/EA08031.
56. ↑ Helicidae and Hygromiidae as Pests in Cereal Crops and Pastures in Southern Australia. In Baker, G.M. Molluscs as Crop Pests CABI, 2002.. p.193.
57. ↑ Cowie, R (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Cornu aspersum (common garden snail)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.26821.
58. ↑ Anderson, Roy (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.121099.
59. ↑ Anderson, Roy (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Deroceras laeve (meadow slug)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.85751.
60. ↑ Bonham, Vicki; Goulletquer, Philippe (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.87296.
61. ↑ Musculista senhousia species summary. National Introduced Marine Pest Information System. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
62. ↑ "Home | Phytosanitary Alert System". http://www.pestalert.org/viewArchPestAlert.cfm?rid=52.
63. ↑ Cowie, Rob (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Theba pisana (white garden snail)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.62094.
64. ↑ Siriwardena, Sunil (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Acanthogobius flavimanus﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.95431.
65. ↑ Maddern, Mark (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Astronotus ocellatus (oscar)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.92671.
66. ↑ Carassius auratus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
67. ↑ Common carp. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre of Australia. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
68. ↑ Noxious fish species in Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
69. ↑ Oriental weatherloach. Waterwatch Victoria. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
70. ↑ Oncorhynchus mykiss alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
71. ↑ Economic and environmental impacts caused by tilapia. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre of Australia. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
72. ↑ Perca fluviatilis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
73. ↑ Salmo trutta alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
74. ↑ Maddern, Mark (2022-01-07) (in en). ﻿Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish)﻿ (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.59752.
75. ↑ Fisheries, Agriculture and (2016-04-18). "Asian house gecko" (in en-AU). https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/health-pests-weeds-diseases/pests/invasive-animals/other/asian-house-gecko.
76. ↑ "Asian House Gecko". https://www.qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Animals+of+Queensland/Reptiles/Geckos/Asian+House+Gecko#.XdvHv7d_UTQ.
77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 77.3 77.4 77.5 77.6 Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre of Australia . Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
78. ↑ The feral cane toad. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
79. ↑ "Cane toad". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/cane-toad/.
80. ↑ "Red-eared Slider Turtles in Australia and New Zealand". 2010-11-16. https://www.pestsmart.org.au/red-eared-slider-turtles-in-australia-and-new-zealand/.
81. ↑ Fisheries, Agriculture and (2016-04-18). "Red-eared slider turtle" (in en-AU). https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/health-pests-weeds-diseases/pests/invasive-animals/restricted/slider-turtle.
82. ↑ Tingley, Reid; Weeks, Andrew R.; Smart, Adam S.; van Rooyen, Anthony R.; Woolnough, Andrew P.; McCarthy, Michael A. (2015-01-01). "European newts establish in Australia, marking the arrival of a new amphibian order" (in en). Biological Invasions 17 (1): 31–37. doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0716-z. ISSN 1573-1464. Bibcode: 2015BiInv..17...31T.
83. ↑ Department of Economic Development, Jobs. "Smooth newt" (in en-AU). http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/pest-animals/a-z-of-pest-animals/smooth-newt.
84. ↑ Acridotheres tristis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
85. ↑ Columba livia alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
86. ↑ Passer domesticus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 87.4 87.5 87.6 87.7 87.8 West, Peter (October 2011). "National mapping of the abundance of established, new and emerging pest animals to improve decision-making and the assessment of government investment programs STAGE 2: INTRODUCED PEST BIRDS". NSW Department of Primary Industries. http://www.pestsmart.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/PWest2011_Mapping_PEST_BIRDS.pdf.
88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 88.3 Feral.org.au . Pest Animal Control CRC (Australia). Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
89. ↑ "Gallus gallus". https://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1661#.
90. ↑ Cunningham, Calum X.; Prowse, Thomas A. A.; Masters, Pip; Cassey, Phillip (2016-07-21). "Home range, habitat suitability and population modelling of feral Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia" (in en). Australian Journal of Zoology 64 (2): 107–116. doi:10.1071/ZO15045. ISSN 1446-5698. https://www.publish.csiro.au/zo/ZO15045.
91. ↑ "Ostriches in Australia - and near my home - Trevor's Birding". https://www.trevorsbirding.com/ostriches-in-australia-and-near-my-home/.
92. ↑ "Ostriches roam the outback after failed attempts to farm the flightless birds - ABC News". https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-02/elusive-ostriches-roam-outback-after-farming-attempts-go-bust/10190990.
93. ↑ "Common Ostrich (Struthio camelus) · iNaturalist Australia". https://inaturalist.ala.org.au/taxa/20526-Struthio-camelus.
94. ↑ "Red-whiskered Bulbul" (in en). https://birdlife.org.au/bird-profiles/red-whiskered-bulbul/?srsltid=AfmBOooifDFY14Bq6tQKNA98TCrNo2E5itNE0rgeSP68LXws_gQwGL9b.
95. ↑ Government, Northern Territory (2015-08-18). "Banteng" (in en). https://nt.gov.au/environment/animals/feral-animals/banteng.
96. ↑ The feral water buffalo. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
97. ↑ The feral camel. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
98. ↑ "Feral Camel". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/camel/.
99. ↑ "Wild dog". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/wild-dog/.
100. ↑ "Feral goat". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/feral-goat/.
101. ↑ "Cervus elaphus (red deer)" (in en). http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/89943.
102. ↑ "Red deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=reddeer.
103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 103.3 103.4 103.5 "Wild deer". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/deer/.
104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 Feral horse and feral donkey. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
105. ↑ "Feral horse". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/horse/.
106. ↑ "Feral cat". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/feral-cat/.
107. ↑ "Lepus europaeus (European hare)" (in en). http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/77227.
108. ↑ "House mouse". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/mouse/.
109. ↑ "European rabbit". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/european-rabbit/.
110. ↑ Rattus norvegicus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
111. ↑ Rattus rattus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
112. ↑ "Feral pig". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/feral-pig/.
113. ↑ European red fox. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
114. ↑ "European fox". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/european-fox/.
115. ↑ "Northern palm squirrel" (in en). https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pest-mammals/northern-palm-squirrel.
116. ↑ "Chital deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=deer_chitaldeer.
117. ↑ "Hog deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=deer_hogdeer.
118. ↑ "Rusa deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=rusadeer.
119. ↑ "Fallow deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=deer_fallow.
120. ↑ "Sambar deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=sambardeer.
121. ↑ Asterias amurensis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
122. ↑ Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Disease. Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.

## External links

* "Noxious Weed List for Australian States and Territoriespublisher=Australian Weeds Committee". Archived from the original on 2007-08-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20070830083549/http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/weednet6.pdf.

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