Governor of Georgia

Georgia Governor

General information
Office Type: | Partisan
Office website: | Official Link
Compensation: | $175000
2022 FY Budget: | $6,130,645
Term limits: | 2 consecutive terms
Structure
Length of term: |  4 years
Authority: | Article V, the Executive Department
Selection Method: | Elected
Current Officeholder

Governor of Georgia Brian Kemp
Republican Party
Assumed office: 2019-01-14

Elections
Next election: | November 8, 2022
Last election: | November 6, 2018
Other Georgia Executive Offices
Governor•Lieutenant Governor•Secretary of State•Attorney General•Treasurer•Auditor•Superintendent of Schools•Agriculture Commissioner•Insurance Commissioner•Natural Resources Commissioner•Labor Commissioner•Public Service Commission

## Contents

* 1 Current officeholder
* 2 Authority
* 3 Qualifications
* 4 Elections
* 4.1 2018
* 4.2 2014
* 4.3 2010
* 4.4 Term limits
* 4.5 Partisan composition
* 5 Vacancies
* 6 Duties
* 7 Divisions
* 8 State budget
* 8.1 Role in state budget
* 8.2 Governor's office budget
* 9 Compensation
* 9.1 2020
* 9.2 2019
* 9.3 2018
* 9.4 2017
* 9.5 2016
* 9.6 2015
* 9.7 2014
* 9.8 2013
* 9.9 2010
* 10 History
* 10.1 Partisan balance 1992-2013
* 10.1.1 SQLI and partisanship
* 11 Historical officeholders
* 12 State profile
* 12.1 Presidential voting pattern
* 12.1.1 Pivot Counties (2016)
* 12.1.2 Pivot Counties (2020)
* 13 Recent news
* 14 Contact information
* 15 See also
* 16 External links
* 17 Footnotes

The Governor of the State of Georgia is an elected constitutional officer, the head of the executive branch and the highest state office in Georgia. The governor is popularly elected every four years by a plurality and is limited to two consecutive terms. No individual may again hold the office again until four years, a single gubernatorial term, have elapsed.[1]

Georgia has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

Georgia has a Republican triplex. The Republican Party controls the offices of governor, secretary of state, and attorney general.

See also: Georgia State Legislature, Georgia House of Representatives, Georgia State Senate

## Current officeholder[edit]

The 83rd and current governor of Georgia is Brian Kemp (R). He was first elected in November 2018.

Before becoming governor, Kemp served as the Georgia secretary of state from 2010 to 2019. He served in the Georgia State Senate from 2003 to 2007.[2]

## Authority[edit]

The state constitution addresses the office of the governor in Article V, the Executive Department.

Georgia Constitution, Article V, Section 1, Paragraph I

There shall be a Governor...[1]

Georgia Constitution, Article V, Section 2, Paragraph I

The chief executive powers shall be vested in the Governor[1]

## Qualifications[edit]

State Executives

Current Governors
Gubernatorial Elections
2022 • 2021 • 2020
2019 • 2018 • 2017
2016 • 2015 • 2014
Current Lt. Governors
Lt. Governor Elections
2022 • 2021 • 2020
2019 • 2018 • 2017
2016 • 2015 • 2014

Per Article V, Section 1 of the state constitution, the governor must be at least 30 years old on the day he or she assumes office and, on the day he or she is elected, have been a resident of Georgia for at least six years and an American citizen for at least 15 years.

Georgia Constitution, Article V, Section 1, Paragraph IV

No person shall be eligible for election to the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor unless such person shall have been a citizen of the United States 15 years and a legal resident of the state six years immediately preceding the election and shall have attained the age of 30 years by the date of assuming office. [1]

## Elections[edit]

Georgia state government organizational chart

See also: Gubernatorial election cycles by state
See also: Election of governors

Georgia elects governors in the midterm elections, that is, even years that are not presidential election years. For Georgia, 2018, 2022, 2026, 2030, and 2034 are all gubernatorial election years. Legally, the gubernatorial inauguration is always set for the same day that the Georgia General Assembly convenes. Future inaugurations will occur on the day fixed by legislature to convene itself.

### 2018[edit]

See also: Georgia gubernatorial election, 2018

General election

##### General election for Governor of Georgia

Brian Kemp defeated Stacey Abrams and Ted Metz in the general election for Governor of Georgia on November 6, 2018.

Candidate

Votes

|
|
|

✔ |

| Brian Kemp (R)  |

50.2

| 1,978,408

| Stacey Abrams (D)  |

48.8

| 1,923,685

| Ted Metz (L)  |

0.9

| 37,235

* * *

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

| Total votes: 3,939,328
(100.00% precincts reporting)

|
|

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary runoff election

#####  Republican primary runoff for Governor of Georgia

Brian Kemp defeated Casey Cagle in the Republican primary runoff for Governor of Georgia on July 24, 2018.

Candidate

Votes

|
|
|

✔ |

| Brian Kemp |

69.5

| 406,703

| Casey Cagle |

30.5

| 178,893

* * *

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

| Total votes: 585,596

|
|

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

#####  Democratic primary for Governor of Georgia

Stacey Abrams defeated Stacey Evans in the Democratic primary for Governor of Georgia on May 22, 2018.

Candidate

Votes

|
|
|

✔ |

| Stacey Abrams |

76.4

| 424,305

| Stacey Evans |

23.6

| 130,784

* * *

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

| Total votes: 555,089

|
|

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

#####  Republican primary for Governor of Georgia

Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp advanced to a runoff. They defeated Hunter Hill, Clay Tippins, and Michael Williams in the Republican primary for Governor of Georgia on May 22, 2018.

Candidate

Votes

|
|
|

✔ |

| Casey Cagle |

39.0

| 236,987
✔ |

| Brian Kemp |

25.5

| 155,189

| Hunter Hill |

18.3

| 111,464

| Clay Tippins |

12.2

| 74,182

| Michael Williams |

4.9

| 29,619

* * *

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

| Total votes: 607,441

|
|

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

#### Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

* Eddie Hayes (R)
* Marc Alan Urbach (R)
* Larry Odom (Independent)

### 2014[edit]

See also: Georgia Gubernatorial election, 2014
Governor of Georgia, 2014

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Republican  | Nathan Deal Incumbent | 52.7% | 1,345,237
| Democratic  |  Jason Carter | 44.9% | 1,144,794
| Libertarian  |  Andrew Hunt | 2.4% | 60,185
Total Votes | 2,550,216
Election results via Georgia Secretary of State

### 2010[edit]

See also: Georgia gubernatorial election, 2010 and Gubernatorial elections, 2010

In the July 20 primary Deal came in second to Karen Handel, receiving 22.9 percent of the vote to her 34.1 percent. The two met in a runoff election held August 10, with Deal winning 50.2 percent to 49.8 percent.

Deal defeated Democrat Roy E. Barnes and Libertarian John H. Monds in the general election on November 2, 2010.[3]

Governor of Georgia, 2010

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  |  Roy E. Barnes  | 43% | 1,107,011
| Republican  | Nathan Deal | 53% | 1,365,832
| Libertarian  |  John H. Monds  | 4% | 103,194
| NA  |  Write-in  | 0% | 124
Total Votes | 2,576,161

### Term limits[edit]

See also: States with gubernatorial term limits

Georgia governors are restricted to two consecutive terms in office, after which they must wait four years before being eligible to run again.

Georgia Constitution, Article V, Section 1, Paragraph 1

Persons holding the office of Governor may succeed themselves for one four-year term of office. Persons who have held the office of Governor and have succeeded themselves as herein before provided shall not again be eligible to be elected to that office until after the expiration of four years from the conclusion of their term as Governor.[1]

### Partisan composition[edit]

The chart below shows the partisan breakdown of Georgia governors from 1992 to 2013.

## Vacancies[edit]

See also: How gubernatorial vacancies are filled

Details of vacancy appointments are addressed under Section I, Paragraph V of the Georgia Constitution

At any point that the governor or governor-elect is temporarily or permanently unable to discharge the office, the lieutenant governor or the lieutenant governor-elect assumes the office with all its powers and responsibilities.

In cases where the governor is permanently unable to fulfill the duties of the office, the lieutenant governor, as acting governor, will in most cases hold the office until the next general election. If the former officeholder's term is set to expire less than 90 days after the next election (in other words, if it is the last year of the former governor's term) and when the governorship is left vacant less than 30 days before a general election, the lieutenant governor simply completes the elected term.

If both the governor and lieutenant governor vacate their seats, the Speaker of the House of Representatives schedules a special election and serves as acting governor until that date.

Removing a constitutional officer for disability is governed by Article V, Section IV. Any four constitutional officers may petition the Georgia Supreme Court regarding the fitness for office of a fifth officer. That officer shall have a hearing with the testimony of no less than three board-certified physicians, one of whom must be a psychiatrist, before being deemed unfit or removed. The Supreme Court may make a determination of either temporary or permanent disability; in the case of the former, they shall also determine when the governor may resume the office.

## Duties[edit]

The governor has a number of powers in state government, set forth primarily in Article V, Section II, Paragraphs II - X of the constitution, including proposing new programs and laws for the state, proposing a state budget for the legislature to consider, vetoing legislation, and appointing members of many of the boards in state government.

The governor is both the "conservator of peace" and the "commander-in-chief of the military forces" within Georgia; he or she is also charged with upholding and executing all laws. There is a gubernatorial veto, which the legislature may override by a two-thirds majority in both chambers. At the start of each regular legislative session and at other times if he or she deems it prudent, the governor delivers a 'State of the State' to the General Assembly and makes recommendations for laws.[1]

Other duties and privileges of the office include:

* Issuing writs for special elections whenever either the House or Senate has a vacancy.

* Convening extraordinary sessions of the Assembly, not to exceed 40 days, as well as emergency sessions.

* Filling vacancies in all offices where the manner is not otherwise prescribed, subject to Senate confirmation.

* Requiring information from other constitutional officers and members of the executive on any aspects of their jobs and duties.

A majority of executive departments are headed by policy-making boards, whose members are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Georgia State Senate. Usually, the boards appoint a department director or commissioner in cooperation with the governor to administer agency affairs. A few department heads are appointed directly by the governor.

## Divisions[edit]

Note: Ballotpedia's state executive officials project researches state official websites for information that describes the divisions (if any exist) of a state executive office. That information for the Governor of Georgia has not yet been added. After extensive research we were unable to identify any relevant information on state official websites. If you have any additional information about this office for inclusion on this section and/or page, please email us.

## State budget[edit]

### Role in state budget[edit]

See also: Georgia state budget and finances

The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[4]

1. In July of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year, the governor sends budget instructions to state agencies.
2. In September agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
3. Budget hearings are held with state agencies in November.
4. In January, the governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature.
5. The legislature adopts a budget in March or April, effective for the fiscal year beginning in July. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.

The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget, and any budget signed into law by the governor must be balanced.[4]

Georgia is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[4]

### Governor's office budget[edit]

The budget for the Office of the Governor in Fiscal Year 2022 was $6,130,645.[5]

## Compensation[edit]

See also: Comparison of gubernatorial salaries and Compensation of state executive officers

The salaries of elected executive officials in Georgia are determined by state law as mandated in the Georgia Constitution. Article V of the state constitution indicates that the Georgia State Legislature determines salaries for governor, lieutenant governor and "other elected executives."[6]

Article V, Section 3, Paragraph III

|  Text of Paragraph III:

Powers, Duties, Compensation, and Allowances of Other Executive Officers

Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, the General Assembly shall prescribe the powers, duties, compensation, and allowances of the above executive officers and provide assistance and expenses necessary for the operation of the department of each.[6]

### 2020[edit]

In 2020, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[7]

### 2019[edit]

In 2019, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[8]

### 2018[edit]

In 2018, the governor received a salary of $139,339, according to the Council of State Governments.[9]

### 2017[edit]

In 2017, the governor received a salary of $139,339, according to the Council of State Governments.[10]

### 2016[edit]

In 2016, the governor received a salary of $139,339, according to the Council of State Governments.[11]

### 2015[edit]

In 2015, the governor received a salary of $139,339, according to the Council of State Governments.[12]

### 2014[edit]

In 2014, the governor received a salary of $139,339, according to the Council of State Governments.[13]

### 2013[edit]

In 2013, the governor received a salary of $139,339, according to the Council of State Governments.[14]

### 2010[edit]

In 2010, the governor received a salary of $139,339, according to the Council of State Governments.

## History[edit]

### Partisan balance 1992-2013[edit]

See also: Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States and Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States, Georgia

Partisan breakdown of the Georgia governorship from 1992-2013

From 1992-2013, Georgia had Democratic governors in office for the first 11 years while there were Republican governors in office for the last 11 years, including the last 11. During the final nine years of the study, Georgia was under Republican trifectas.

Across the country, there were 493 years of Democratic governors (44.82 percent) and 586 years of Republican governors (53.27 percent) from 1992 to 2013.

Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.

The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Georgia, the Georgia State Senate and the Georgia House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.

#### SQLI and partisanship[edit]

Georgia was one of eight states to demonstrate a dramatic partisan shift in the 22 years studied. A dramatic shift was defined by a movement of 40 percent or more toward one party over the course of the study period.

The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Georgia state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Georgia experienced two long periods of trifecta government, both Democratic and Republican, between the years 1992 and 2002 (Democratic) and again between the years 2002 and 2013 (Republican). The state’s lowest SQLI ranking occurred in 1992 (40th) under a Democratic trifecta, while its highest SQLI ranking occurred in 2007 (20th) under a Republican trifecta. Georgia experienced only two years of divided government, in 2003 and 2004, when the state house was under Democratic control. The state experienced its largest jump in the SQLI ranking between 2000 and 2001 (from 33rd to 27th) under a Democratic trifecta.

* SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 33.27
* SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 22.75
* SQLI average with divided government: 27.00

Chart displaying the partisanship of Georgia government from 1992-2013 and the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI).

## Historical officeholders[edit]

There have been 70 governors in Georgia since 1788.[15] [16]

#  |  Name  |  Took office  |  Left office  |  Party

|
|
|
|

14  | George Mathews  | 1788  | 1788  | Jeffersonian Republican
15  | George Handley  | 1788  | 1789  | None
16  | George Walton  | 1789  | 1789  | Jeffersonian Republican
17  | Edward Telfair  | 1789  | 1793  | Jeffersonian Republican
18  | George Mathews  | 1793  | 1796  | Jeffersonian Republican
19  | Jared Irwin  | 1796  | 1798  | Democratic-Republican
20  | James Jackson  | 1798  | 1801  | Democratic-Republican
21  | David Emanuel  | 1801  | 1801  | Democratic-Republican
22  | Josiah Tattnall  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
23  | John Milledge  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
24  | Jared Irwin  | 1806  | 1809  | Democratic-Republican
25  | David B. Mitchell  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
26  | William Rabun  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
27  | Matthew Talbot  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
28  | John Clark  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
29  | George M. Troup  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
30  | John Forsyth  |  |  | Democratic-Republican
31  | George R. Gilmer  |  |  |
32  | Wilson Lumpkin  |  |  |
33  | William Schley  |  |  |
34  | George R. Gilmer  |  |  |
35  | Charles J. McDonald  |  |  |
36  | George W. Crawford  | 1843  | 1847  | Whig
37  | George W. Towns  |  |  | Democratic
38  | Howell Cobb  |  |  |
39  | Herschel V. Johnson  |  |  | Democratic
40  | Joseph E. Brown  |  |  | Democratic
41  | James Johnson  |  |  | Democratic
42  | Charles J. Jenkins  |  |  | Democratic
Military  | Thomas H. Ruger  | 1868  | 1868  |
43  | Rufus B. Bullock  | 1868  | 1871  | Republican
44  | Benjamin F. Conley  | 1871  | 1872  | Republican
45  | James M. Smith  |  |  | Democratic
46  | Alfred H. Colquitt  |  |  | Democratic
47  | Alexander H. Stephens  |  |  |
48  | James Boynton  |  |  | Democratic
49  | Henry D. McDaniel  |  |  | Democratic
50  | John B. Gordon  |  |  | Democratic
51  | William J. Northen  |  |  | Democratic
52  | William Y. Atkinson  |  |  | Democratic
53  | Allen D. Candler  |  |  | Democratic
54  | Joseph M. Terrell  |  |  | Democratic
55  | Hoke Smith  |  |  | Democratic
56  | Joseph M. Brown  |  |  | Democratic
57  | Hoke Smith  | 1911  | 1911  | Democratic
58  | John M. Slaton  |  |  | Democratic
59  | Joseph M. Brown  |  |  | Democratic
60  | John M. Slaton  |  |  | Democratic
61  | Nathaniel E. Harris  |  |  | Democratic
62  | Hugh M. Dorsey  |  |  | Democratic
63  | Thomas W. Hardwick  |  |  | Democratic
64  | Clifford M. Walker  |  |  | Democratic
65  | Lamartine G. Hardman  | 1927  | 1931  | Democratic
66  | Richard B. Russell  |  |  | Democratic
67  | Eugene Talmadge  |  |  | Democratic
68  | Ellis G. Arnall  |  |  | Democratic
69  | Herman E. Talmadge  | 1947  | 1947  | Democratic
70  | Melvin E. Thompson  | 1947  | 1948  | Democratic
71  | Herman E. Talmadge  | 1948  | 1955  | Democratic
72  | S. Marvin Griffin  | 1955  | 1959  | Democratic
73  | Samuel E. Vandiver  | 1959  | 1963  | Democratic
74  | Carl E. Sanders  | 1963  | 1967  | Democratic
75  | Lester G. Maddox  | 1967  | 1971  | Democratic
76  | Jimmy Carter  | 1971  | 1975  | Democratic
77  | George D. Busbee  | 1975  | 1983  | Democratic
78  | Joe Frank Harris  | 1983  | 1991  | Democratic
79  | Zell Miller  | 1991  | 1999  | Democratic
80  | Roy E. Barnes  | 1999  | 2003  | Democratic
81  | Sonny Perdue  | 2003  | 2011  | Republican
82  | Nathan Deal  | 2011  | 2019  | Republican
83  | Brian Kemp  | 2019  | Present  | Republican

## State profile[edit]

Demographic data for Georgia

| Georgia| U.S.
Total population:| 10,199,398| 316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):| 57,513| 3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:| 60.2%| 73.6%
Black/African American:| 30.9%| 12.6%
Asian:| 3.6%| 5.1%
Native American:| 0.3%| 0.8%
Pacific Islander:| 0%| 0.2%
Two or more:| 2.1%| 3%
Hispanic/Latino:| 9.1%| 17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:| 85.4%| 86.7%
College graduation rate:| 28.8%| 29.8%
Income
Median household income:| $49,620| $53,889
Persons below poverty level:| 21.1%| 11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Georgia.

* * *

**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

### Presidential voting pattern[edit]

See also: Presidential voting trends in Georgia

Georgia voted Republican in all five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016.

#### Pivot Counties (2016)

Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, five are located in Georgia, accounting for 2.43 percent of the total pivot counties.[17]

#### Pivot Counties (2020)

In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Georgia had five Retained Pivot Counties, 2.76 percent of all Retained Pivot Counties.

More Georgia coverage on Ballotpedia

* Elections in Georgia
* United States congressional delegations from Georgia
* Public policy in Georgia
* Influencers in Georgia
* Georgia fact checks
* More...

## Recent news[edit]

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Governor. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

Governor of Georgia - Google News

## Contact information[edit]

Mailing address:
206 Washington Street
Suite 203, State Capitol
Atlanta, GA 30334

Phone: 404-656-1776

## See also[edit]

* Georgia state executive offices
* Georgia state executive officials

## External links[edit]

* Office of the Governor website

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Justia, "Georgia Constitution," accessed January 14, 2021
2. ↑ Georgia Office of the Governor, "About Governor Brian P. Kemp," accessed January 14, 2021
3. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "2010 General Election Results:Governor," accessed January 18, 2013
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2015," accessed February 5, 2021
5. ↑ Georgia Legislature, “FY 2022 Appropriations Bill,” accessed September 7, 2021
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Justia, "Georgia Constitution Art. V," accessed January 14, 2021
7. ↑ Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2020," accessed January 14, 2021
8. ↑ Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2019," accessed January 14, 2021
9. ↑ Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2018," accessed January 14, 2021
10. ↑ Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2017," accessed January 14, 2021
11. ↑ Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2016," accessed January 14, 2021
12. ↑ Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2015," accessed January 14, 2021
13. ↑ Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed January 14, 2021
14. ↑ Council of State Governments, "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries," January 14, 2021
15. ↑ New Georgia Encyclopedia, "Governors of Georgia," accessed January 14, 2021
16. ↑ Office of the Governor, "Brian P. Kemp," accessed January 14, 2021
17. ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.

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