Vinta

The vinta is a traditional outrigger boat from the Philippine island of Mindanao. The boats are made by Sama-Bajau, Tausug and Yakan peoples living in the Sulu Archipelago,[1] Zamboanga peninsula, and southern Mindanao. It is also made by the Sama-Bajau that lived in east coast of Sabah, Malaysia. Vinta are characterized by their colorful rectangular lug sails (bukay) and bifurcated prows and sterns, which resemble the gaping mouth of a crocodile. Vinta are used as fishing vessels, cargo ships, and houseboats. Smaller undecorated versions of the vinta used for fishing and transportation are known as tondaan and bogo-lamak.[2][3]

The name "vinta" is predominantly used in Zamboanga, Basilan, and other parts of mainland Mindanao. It is also known as pilang or pelang among the Sama-Bajau of the Tawi-Tawi islands; dapang or depang among the Tausug in Sulu; balanda or binta among the Yakan in Basilan; and bogo-lamak among the Sama-Bajau in the east coast of Sabah. It can also be generically referred to as lepa-lepa, sakayan, or bangka, which are native names for small outrigger vessels.[2][4][3]

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Carvings
* 3 Reconstructions
* 4 Other uses
* 5 Gallery
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Description

The vinta has a deep and narrow hull formed from a U-shaped dugout keel (baran) built up with five planks on each side. It is usually around 4.5 to 10 m (15 to 33 ft) in length. The most distinctive feature of the vinta hull is the prow, which is carved in the likeness of the gaping mouth of a crocodile (buaya). It is composed of two parts, the lower part is known as saplun, while the flaring upper part is known as palansar, both are usually elaborately carved with okil motifs. The stern has two upper extensions (the sangpad-sangpad) which either emerge from the back in a V-shape, or are separated by a space in the middle. The stern may or may not feature okil carvings like the prow. Vinta hulls are traditionally made from red lawaan wood; while the dowels, ribs, and sometimes parts of the outrigger are made from bakawan (mangrove) wood.[1][2]

Detail of okil carvings on a vinta stern (c.1920)[5] Plan, midships section, and lines of a vinta (Doran, 1972) A small Moro vinta (tondaan) from the Philippines (c. 1905) showing the bifurcated stern

The hull is covered by a removable deck made of planks or split bamboo. It has a central house-like structure known as the palau. This is used as a living space especially for vinta which are used as houseboats by the Sama-Bajau. The palau can be taken down to convert the houseboat into a sailing boat. However, this is usually only done when absolutely necessary for vinta which function as houseboats. When traveling, vinta are usually paddled or poled in shallow and calm coastal waters, with frequent stops along the way for supplies. They only sail when crossing seas between islands in a hurry.[2]

Vinta have two bamboo outrigger floats (katig) which are supported by booms (batangan). Large boats can have as many as four batangan for each outrigger. The floats are slightly diagonal, with the front tips wider apart than the rear tips. The front tips of the floats also extend past the prow and curve upwards, while the rear tips do not extend beyond the stern. Additional booms (sa'am) also extend out from the hull and the main booms. These provide support for a covering of planks (lantay) which serve as extensions of the deck.[1][2][6]

Vinta are usually rigged with a rectangular lug sail locally known as bukay, on a biped mast slotted near the front section. These are traditionally decorated with colorful vertical strips of the traditional Sama-Bajau colors of red, blue, green, yellow, and white.[2] The patterns and colors used are usually specific to a particular family or clan.[6] Traditional vinta sails, like other sails of traditional Filipino vessels use woven mats (banig) of pandanus leaves.[7]

Smaller sailing versions of the vinta used for fishing and transportation are known as "tondaan" or "bogo-lamak". They are usually undecorated and lack the upper prow and stern attachments. The tondaan are rigged with a mast and a sail at all times, though a temporary palau can be erected amidships if necessary. Bogo-lamak on the other hand can't be installed with temporary palau but they are built with detachable mast and sail. Modern vinta are usually tondaan or bogo-lamak instead of the larger houseboats. Like other traditional boats in the Philippines since the 1970s, they are almost always motorized and have largely lost their sails. The modern bogo-lamak from Sabah, Malaysia are also converted into pumpboat which still use sail to save its engine fuel. The sail will be used when there's a strong wind current and with this condition, it can even beat the engine power of the pumpboat itself.[2][8][3]

Along with the balangay, lightly armed vinta were also used in the civilian squadrons of the Marina Sutil ("Light Navy") of Zamboanga City and Spanish-controlled settlements in Mindanao and the Visayas in the late 18th to early 19th centuries, as defense fleets against Moro Raiders.[9][10][11]

## Carvings

Vinta are usually carved with okil designs, similar to the lepa and djenging boats of the Sama-Bajau people. The three most common motifs are dauan-dauan (leaf-like designs), kaloon (curved lines), and agta-agta (fish designs). All three are used in carving the buaya design of the prow. The hull of the vinta is decorated with one to three strips of curvilinear carvings known as bahan-bahan (meaning "bending" or "curving"), which are reminiscent of waves. In new boats, these designs can be painted with the same colors as the sails, but once the paint wears off, it is usually not repainted.[2]

## Reconstructions

In 1985 the vinta Sarimanok was sailed from Bali to Madagascar to replicate ancient seafaring techniques.[12][13]

Zamboanga City celebrates vintas in the annual Regatta de Zamboanga during the city's Zamboanga Hermosa Festival each October. The participants are usually Sama-Bajau fishermen from the coastal areas of Zamboanga. Many of these modern "vinta" however, are not vinta, but are other types of bangka (like bigiw) that merely use a vinta-patterned sail (often non-functional).[8][14]

In 2016, Jolo, Sulu, also started holding an annual Vinta Festival each February 14.[15]

## Other uses

"Vinta" is also the name of a Moro dance that commemorates the migration of Filipinos into the archipelago. In the dance, dancers imitating the movements of the vinta (vessel) by balancing perilously on top of poles. Parents for Education Foundation (PAREF) schools in the Philippines have adopted the vinta as their symbol.

## Gallery

* A modern undecorated tondaan or bogo-lamak without the prow and stern extensions and with a plain sail from the Sama-Bajau of Sabah

* A tondaan with the sails detached and rolled up in Tawi-Tawi (c.1904)

* Two tondaan from Tawi-Tawi (c.1904)

* Flag of Zamboanga del Sur with a stylized depiction of a vinta in full sail

* The state boat of Sultan Harun Ar-Rashid of Sulu is a large vinta (c.1898)

## See also

* Marina Sutil
* Londe (bininta), a related boat from the Sangir Islands
* Jukung, a similar outrigger boat from Indonesia
* Djenging
* Tempel (boat)
* Lepa (ship)
* Bigiw
* Paraw
* Outrigger canoe
* Balangay
* Sama-Bajau people
* Austronesian people

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Doran, Edwin Jr. (1972). "Wa, Vinta, and Trimaran". Journal of the Polynesian Society 81 (2): 144–159. http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_81_1972/Volume_81,_No._2/Wa,_vinta,_and_trimaran,_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.,_p_144-159/p1?page=0&action=searchresult&target=. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Nimmo, H. Arlo (1990). "The Boats of the Tawi-Tawi Bajau, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines". Asian Perspectives 29 (1): 51–88. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8c0f/9681a8f4c1cc02e96a5de94177cd775176f2.pdf. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ismail Ali (2016). Sejarah pembudayaan perahu tradisi di Sabah. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah. ISBN 978-967-0521-65-7.
4. ↑ "balanda'". SIL Philippines. https://sil-philippines-languages.org/online/yka/dict/lexicon/lx00385.html.
5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Hornell 1920`
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Vinta". March 7, 2017. https://samaloutrigger.wordpress.com/vinta/.
7. ↑ "Explore Basey Weaving Center, Samar Philippines". https://pinaywise.com/philippines-travel/samar-island/samar-tourist-spot/explore-basey-weaving-center-samar-philippines/?srsltid=AfmBOookL5dVhiBT-_avXouTcpSoQLGvUdR6mB-6q36GO74wUru8WoD2.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Pareño, Roel (October 9, 2016). "Colorful Vinta Regatta Draws Thousands to Zamboanga City". Philstar Global. https://www.philstar.com/nation/2016/10/09/1631866/colorful-vinta-regatta-draws-thousands-zamboanga-city.
9. ↑ Warren, James Francis (2002). Iranun and Balangingi: Globalization, Maritime Raiding and the Birth of Ethnicity. Singapore: Singapore University Press. p. 109. ISBN 9971-69-242-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=w1_3-ff6u-gC.
10. ↑ Mallari, Francisco (1986). "Muslim Raids in Bicol, 1580–1792". Philippine Studies 34 (3): 257–286. https://philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/1238/3892.
11. ↑ Dery, Luis C. (1989). "The Era of the Kris: Moro Raids in Sorsogon and Kabikolan and Their Impact on Philippine History, 1571–1896". Transactions National Academy of Science 11: 145–166. http://www.nast.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf files/Publications/NAST Transactions/NAST 1989 Transactions Volume 11/SS 1 The Era of the Kris, Moro Raids in Sorsogon and Kabikolan and Their Impact on Philippine History, 1571 1986, Luis C. Dery.pdf.
12. ↑ "Across the Indian Ocean, Aboard Prehistoric Ships...". November 21, 2005. https://gasycool.wordpress.com/2005/11/21/across-the-indian-ocean-aboard-prehistoric-ships/.
13. ↑ "Navigation Instruments". http://www.sundialsaustralia.com.au/#!navigation-instruments/cqck.
14. ↑ Almonia, Chrisel (October 6, 2019). "200 Vintas Color Regatta de Zamboanga 2019". ABS-CBN News. https://www.abs-cbn.com/life/10/06/19/200-vintas-color-regatta-de-zamboanga-2019.
15. ↑ Abadicio, Camille (17 February 2016). "Vinta Festival in Sulu aims to bring peace, progress to the province". CNN Philippines. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/regional/2016/02/17/vinta-festival-sulu-province.html.

## External links

* Vinta at Pacific Tall Ships
* Culture of Mindanao
* The Voyage for Love and Peace, from a dance company
* 1930s images of vinta:
* Sailing near Zamboanga
* On the beach
* On the beach in a Moro village
* Multiple sailing vinta moored with visible rigging (at Malabang)
* Monohulls, outrigger canoes and possible vinta (at Malabang)

* v
* t
* e

Austronesian ships

Ship types

| Taiwan|

| Kavalan|

* Mangka

|

Tao|

* Ipanitika
* Tatara

Thao|

* Ruza

Maritime
Southeast Asia|

| Brunei|

* Bajak
* Bangkong
* Gubang
* Jong
* Kakap
* Penjajap
* Tongkang

|

Indonesia|

* Abak
* Bagan
* Bago
* Bajak
* Bangkong
* Banting
* Benawa
* Borobudur ship
* Cerucuh
* Chialoup
* Eloha
* Fakatora
* Ghali
* Ghurab
* Golekan
* Janggolan
* Jellore
* Jong
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* Pelang
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* Perahu
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* Lambo
* Palari
* Sampan
* Sampan panjang
* Sandeq
* Sarua
* Sekong
* Solu
* Teneh
* Tongkang
* Toop

Malaysia|

* Bajak
* Bangkong
* Banting
* Bedar
* Buggoh
* Birau
* Cerucuh
* Ghali
* Ghurab
* Jong
* Juanga
* Kakap
* Kolek
* Lancang
* Lancaran
* Lepa
* Pelang
* Pencalang
* Penjajap
* Perahu payang
* Perahu tambangan
* Pinas
* Sampan
* Sampan panjang
* Tongkang

Moken|

* Kabang

Philippines|

* Armadahan
* Avang
* Awang
* Balación
* Balangay (Barangay)
* Baloto
* Bangka
* Bangka anak-anak
* Basnigan
* Batil
* Bigiw
* Bilo
* Birau
* Biray
* Biroko (Birok, Bidok)
* Buggoh
* Casco
* Chinarem
* Chinedkeran
* Dinahit
* Djenging (Balutu)
* Falua
* Garay
* Guilalo
* Juanga
* Junkun
* Junkung
* Karakoa
* Kulibo
* Lanong
* Lapis
* Lepa (Kumpit, Pidlas)
* Ontang
* Owong
* Panineman
* Pasaplap
* Pangayaw
* Paraw
* Salambaw
* Salisipan
* Sapyaw
* Seberen
* Tapake
* Tataya
* Tempel
* Tilimbao (Tinimbao)
* Tiririt (Buti)
* Vinta (Dapang, Pilang)

Singapore|

* Sampan panjang
* Tongkang

Island
Melanesia|

| Admiralty Islands|

* Endrol
* Kel

|

Fiji|

* Camakau
* Drua (Waqa tabu)
* Takia

Green Islands|

* Kǒp
* Tsǐne

Papua New Guinea|

* Lakatoi

Solomon Islands|

* Binabina
* Lisi (Solima)
* Tepukei
* Tomako (Mon, Ora)

Vanuatu|

* Aka
* Angga
* Wangga

Micronesia|

| Caroline Islands|

* Wa
* Wahr
* Waserak

|

Kiribati|

* Baurua

Marshall Islands|

* Korkor
* Tipnol
* Walap

Northern Marianas|

* Duding
* Duduli
* Galaideʻ (Agaraide)
* Ladjak
* Lelek
* Panga
* Sakman (Flying proa)

Palau|

* Kaep
* Wa

Yap|

* Chugpin
* Popow
* Wa

Polynesia|

| Cook Islands|

* Vaka
* Vaka katea

|

Hawaii|

* Mālia
* Waʻa
* Waʻa kaulua

Marquesas|

* Vaka touʻua

New Zealand|

* Waka
* Waka hourua
* Waka taua
* Waka tīwai

Samoa|

* ʻalia
* Amatasi
* Fautasi
* Laʻau
* Lualua (Foulua)
* Paopao
* Vaʻa
* Vaʻa-alo
* Vaʻa-tele

Society Islands|

* Ivahah
* Pahi
* Tipairua
* Vaʻa

Tonga|

* Hamatafua
* Kalia
* Pōpao
* Tongiaki

Tuvalu|

* Paopao

Madagascar|

| Malagasy|

* Lakana

|

Sakalava|

* Laka fiara

Ipanitika

Wa'a kaulua

Paraw

Padewakang

Ship construction & sailing

| Rigging|

* Crab claw sail
* Junk rig
* Pinisi rig
* Tanja sail

|

Hull|

* Catamaran
* Lashed-lug boat
* Multihull
* Outrigger
* Outrigger boat
* Polynesian multihull terminology
* Proa
* Sewn boat
* Trimaran

Navigation|

* Fanuankuwel
* Fealofani Bruun
* Hipour
* Kafeŕoor
* List of Māori waka
* Makassan contact with Australia
* Māori migration canoes
* Marshall Islands stick chart
* Mau Piailug
* Polynesian navigation
* Rapwi
* Tākitimu
* Weriyeng
* Yapese navigation

Trade|

* Austronesian maritime trade network
* Hiri trade cycle
* Kula ring
* Lapita trade network
* Lingling-o
* Maritime Silk Road
* Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere
* Sepik Coast exchange
* Spice trade
* Trepanging

Archaeology|

* Balangay (Butuan boats)
* Borobudur ship
* Cirebon shipwreck

Other|

* Apilan
* Burulan
* Daramba
* Kota mara

Ship replicas

| Cook Islands|

* Maire Nui
* Marumaru Atua
* Te Au o Tonga

|

Federated States of Micronesia|

* Halametaw
* Quest
* Sailoam

French Polynesia|

* Faʻafaite
* Tahiti Nui

Guam|

* Saina

Hawaii|

* Alingano Maisu
* Hawaiʻiloa
* Hikianalia
* Hōkūleʻa
* Hokualakai
* Iosepa
* Makali'i

Indonesia|

* Alfred Wallace
* Hati Marege
* Nur Al Marege
* Samudra Raksa
* Spirit of Majapahit

Malaysia|

* Naga Pelangi

New Zealand|

* Aotearoa One
* Haunui
* Ngahiraka Mai Tawhiti
* Pūmaiterangi
* Te Aurere

Philippines|

* Balatik
* Diwata ng Lahi
* Lahi ng Maharlika
* Masawa Hong Butuan
* Raya Kolambu
* Raya Siyagu
* Sama Tawi-Tawi
* Sarimanok
* Sultan sin Sulu

Samoa|

* Gaualofa

* See also:
* Lapita culture
* Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia

* v
* t
* e

Types of sailing vessels and rigs

Overviews|

* Age of Sail
* Maritime history
* Age of Discovery

Sailing rigs|

* Bermuda rig
* Crab claw
* Fore-and-aft rig
* Gaff rig
* Gunter rig
* Junk rig
* Lateenrig
* Ljungström rig
* Lug rig
* Pinisi rig
* Square rig
* Tanja rig

By sailing rigs|

* Barque
* Barquentine
* Brig
* Brigantine
* Catboat
* Cutter
* Full-rigged ship
* Jackass-barque
* Ketch
* Lugger
* Mistico
* Schooner
* Sloop
* Yawl

Multihull vessels|

* ʻalia
* Amatasi
* Baurua
* Bigiw
* Camakau
* Catamaran
* Drua
* Guilalo
* Jukung
* Kalia
* Karakoa
* Kora kora
* Lakatoi
* Lanong
* Outrigger canoe
* Pahi
* Paraw
* Pentamaran
* Proa
* Quadrimaran
* Takia
* Tongiaki
* Trimaran
* Ungalawa
* Vinta

Naval and merchant
sailing ships
and other vessels
(by origin date)|

| Ancient|

* Balangay
* Boita
* Borobudur ship
* Dhow
* Fire ship
* Galley
* Penteconter
* Bireme
* Trireme
* Quadriremes
* Tessarakonteres
* Dromon
* Junk
* K'un-lun po
* Lepa
* Mtepe
* Uru

|

Post-classical|

* Balinger
* Benawa
* Birlinn
* Bomb vessel
* Cog
* Hulk
* Jong
* Knarr
* Koch
* Kondura
* Longship
* Malangbang
* Shitik
* Tongkang
* Zabra

15th c.|

* Carrack
* Chinese treasure ship
* Caravel
* Ghurab
* Lancaran
* Hoy
* Trabaccolo

16th c.|

* Crommesteven
* Galiot
* Galleon
* Galleass
* Ghali
* Flyboat
* Fluyt
* Full-rigged pinnace
* Lorcha
* Man-of-war
* Manchua
* Panokseon
* Patache
* Speronara
* Square-rigged caravel (round or de armada)
* Xebec

17th c.|

* Bermuda sloop
* Corvette
* Frigate
* Galeas
* Koff
* Pink
* Polacca
* Ship of the line

18th c.|

* Bilander
* Chialoup
* Chinaman
* Baltimore Clipper
* East Indiaman
* Gallivat
* Garay
* Grab
* Gundalow
* Lanong
* Padewakang
* Post ship
* 74-gun
* Ship of the line
* Sloop-of-war
* Toop
* Trincadour
* Slave ship
* West Indiaman

19th c.|

* Blackwall frigate
* Clipper
* Down Easter
* Golekan
* Iron-hulled sailing ship
* Warship
* Janggolan
* Lambo
* Leti leti
* Palari
* Tamar
* West Country
* Windjammer

20th c.|

* Montagu whaler

Fishing vessels|

* Bago
* Falkuša
* Felucca
* Herring buss
* Jangada
* Jukung
* Masula
* Mayang
* Patorani
* Nordland
* Sixareen
* Sgoth
* Smack
* Tartane
* Well smack
* Yoal

Recreational vessels|

* Dinghy
* Pocket cruiser
* Sailing hydrofoil
* Sailing yacht
* Sportsboat
* Trailer sailer
* Wharrams
* Windsurfer
* Yacht

Special terms|

* Inflatable
* Lashed lug
* Razee
* Sewn
* Tall ship
*   * ULDB

Other types|

* Bristol Channel pilot cutter
* Fusta
* Mersey flat
* Norfolk punt
* Norfolk wherry
* Pausik
* Pinnace (ship's boat)
* Pram
* Scow
* Sneakbox
* Thames sailing barge
* Wherry

Related|

* Nautical operations

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