Neuropeptide B

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Neuropeptide B is a short biologically active peptide whose precursor in humans is encoded by the NBP gene. Neuropeptide B acts via two G protein-coupled receptors, neuropeptide B/W receptors, called NPBW1 and NPBW2 encoded by the genes NPBWR1 and NPBWR2, respectively. Neuropeptide B is thought to be associated with the regulation of feeding, neuroendocrine system, memory, learning and in the afferent pain pathway.[1][2] It is expressed throughout the central nervous system with high levels in the substantia nigra, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and spinal cord.

## Contents

* 1 Function
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Function

The functions of neuropeptide B mirror the functions of the closely related neuropeptide W in many respects, as they bind to the same receptor targets but differ mainly in their levels of expression in different tissues, and when and how they are released. However, while neuropeptide W binds to both NPBW1 and NPBW2 with similar affinity, neuropeptide B is relatively selective for NPBW1 and binds only weakly to NPBW2. Central actions of neuropeptide B include regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis, reproductive behavior, pain, anxiety, and emotions. Peripheral actions include regulating secretion of adrenal hormones, and various regulatory roles in pancreatic beta cells and adipose tissue.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

## See also

* Neuropeptide FF

## References

1. ↑ "Neuropeptide B and W: neurotransmitters in an emerging G-protein-coupled receptor system.". British Journal of Pharmacology 148 (8): 1033–1041. Aug 2006. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706825. PMID 16847439.
2. ↑ "The NPB/NPW Neuropeptide System and Its Role in Regulating Energy Homeostasis, Pain, and Emotion". Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Novel Neuropeptides. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 46. 2008. pp. 239–256. doi:10.1007/400_2007_056. ISBN 978-3-540-78350-3.
3. ↑ "Neural mechanisms of social dominance". Frontiers in Neuroscience 9: 154. 2015. doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00154. PMID 26136644.
4. ↑ "Distribution and Function of Neuropeptides W/B Signaling System". Frontiers in Physiology 9. 2018. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00981. PMID 30087623.
5. ↑ "The Effects of Neuropeptide B on Proliferation and Differentiation of Porcine White Preadipocytes into Mature Adipocytes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (7): 6096. March 2023. doi:10.3390/ijms24076096. PMID 37047072.
6. ↑ "The Role of Neuropeptide B and Its Receptors in Controlling Appetite, Metabolism, and Energy Homeostasis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (12): 6632. June 2021. doi:10.3390/ijms22126632. PMID 34205710.
7. ↑ "Central injection of neuropeptide B induces luteinizing hormone release in male and female rats". Peptides 168. October 2023. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171064. PMID 37507090.
8. ↑ "Npbwr1 signaling mediates fast antidepressant action". Molecular Psychiatry 30 (5): 1828–1835. May 2025. doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02790-4. PMID 39433904.

## External links

* Uniprot: Neuropeptide B precursor

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Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1|

* Pyrophosphatase
* Inorganic
* Thiamine
* Apyrase
* Thiamine-triphosphatase

3.6.2|

* Adenylylsulfatase
* Phosphoadenylylsulfatase

3.6.3-4: ATPase|

| 3.6.3|

| Cu++ (3.6.3.4)|

* Menkes/ATP7A
* Wilson/ATP7B

|

Ca+ (3.6.3.8)|

* SERCA
* ATP2A1
* ATP2A2
* ATP2A3
* Plasma membrane
* ATP2B1
* ATP2B2
* ATP2B3
* ATP2B4
* SPCA
* ATP2C1
* ATP2C2

Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)|

* ATP1A1
* ATP1A2
* ATP1A3
* ATP1A4
* ATP1B1
* ATP1B2
* ATP1B3
* ATP1B4

H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)|

* ATP4A

Other P-type ATPase|

* ATP8B1
* ATP10A
* ATP11B
* ATP12A
* ATP13A2
* ATP13A3

3.6.4|

* Dynein
* Kinesin
* Myosin
* Katanin

3.6.5: GTPase|

| 3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein|

* Gαs
* Golf
* Gαi
* GNAI1
* GNAI2
* GNAI3
* Transducin
* GNAT1
* GNAT2
* Gustducin
* GNAT3
* Gαq/11
* GNAQ
* GNA11
* Gα12/13
* GNA12
* GNA13

|

3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily|

* Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42
* CDC42
* TC10
* TCL
* RhoUV
* RhoU
* RhoV
* Rac
* Rac1
* 2
* 3
* RhoG
* RhoBTB
* 1
* 2
* RhoH
* Rho
* A
* B
* C
* Rnd
* 1
* 2
* 3
* RhoDF
* RhoF
* RhoD

* other: Ras
* HRAS
* KRAS
* NRAS
* Rab
* RAB23
* RAB27
* Arf
* ARF6
* SAR1B
* ARL13B
* ARL6
* Ran
* Rheb
* Rap
* RGK

3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase|

* Prokaryotic
* IF-2
* EF-Tu
* EF-G
* Eukaryotic

3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors|

* Dynamin
* Tubulin

* v
* t
* e

Enzymes

Activity|

* Active site
* Binding site
* Catalytic triad
* Oxyanion hole
* Enzyme promiscuity
* Catalytically perfect enzyme
* Coenzyme
* Cofactor
* Enzyme catalysis

Regulation|

* Allosteric regulation
* Cooperativity
* Enzyme inhibitor
* Enzyme activator

Classification|

* EC number
* Enzyme superfamily
* Enzyme family
* List of enzymes

Kinetics|

* Enzyme kinetics
* Eadie–Hofstee diagram
* Hanes–Woolf plot
* Lineweaver–Burk plot
* Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Types|

* EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
* EC2 Transferases (list)
* EC3 Hydrolases (list)
* EC4 Lyases (list)
* EC5 Isomerases (list)
* EC6 Ligases (list)
* EC7 Translocases (list)

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