Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

Template:Infobox Military Structure The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS), often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard, is a United States Navy shipyard located in Kittery on the southern boundary of Maine near the city of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. PNS is tasked with the overhaul, repair, and modernization of US Navy submarines.[1] The facility is sometimes confused with the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Boundary dispute
* 3 Occupational safety
* 4 Notable ships built at shipyard predecessors
* 5 Notable ships built at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## History

Shipyard in 1853

The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard was established on June 12, 1800 during the administration of President John Adams, and is the U.S. Navy's oldest continuously operating shipyard. It sits on a cluster of conjoined islands called Seavey's Island in the Piscataqua River, whose swift tidal current prevents ice from blocking navigation to the Atlantic Ocean.[2]

The area has a long tradition of shipbuilding. Since colonial settlement, New Hampshire and Maine forests provided lumber for wooden boat construction. Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. was commissioned here in 1696, considered the first British warship built in the Thirteen Colonies. The Royal Navy reserved the tallest and straightest Eastern White Pine trees for masts, emblazing the bark with a crown symbol. During the Revolution, the  missing name was built in 1776 on Badger's Island in Kittery, and became the first vessel to fly an American flag into battle. Raleigh has been depicted on the Seal of New Hampshire since 1784, even though she was captured and served in the British Navy. Other warships followed, including  missing name launched in 1777 and commanded by Captain John Paul Jones. It became the first U. S. Navy vessel to receive an official salute at sea from a foreign power.

Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert decided to build the first federal shipyard. He put it where a proven workforce had access to abundant raw materials: Fernald's Island, for which the government paid $5,500. To protect the new installation, old Fort William and Mary at the mouth of Portsmouth Harbor was rebuilt and renamed Fort Constitution.[3]

Commodore Isaac Hull was the first naval officer to command the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; he led it from 1800 until 1802, and again in 1812 during the War of 1812. The yard's first production was the 74-gun ship of the line missing name, supervised by local master shipbuilder William Badger and launched in 1814. Barracks were built in 1820, with Marine barracks added in 1827. A hospital was established in 1834. Architect Alexander Parris was appointed chief engineer for the base. In 1838, the Franklin Shiphouse was completed -- 240 feet (73 m) long, 131 feet (40 m) wide, and measuring 72 feet (22 m) from floor to center of its ridgepole. It carried 130 tons of slate on a gambrel roof. It was lengthened in 1854 to accommodate  missing name (from which it took its name), the largest wooden warship built at the yard, and requiring a decade to finish. The structure was considered one of the largest shiphouses in the country, but it burned at 5:00 a.m. on 10 March 1936. Perhaps the most famous vessel ever overhauled at the yard was  missing name, also called "Old Ironsides," in 1855.[4]

Treaty Building in 1912

Prisoners of war from the Spanish–American War were encamped in 1898 on the grounds of the base. In 1905, construction began on the Portsmouth Naval Prison, a military prison dubbed "The Castle" because of its resemblance to a crenellated castle. It was the principal prison for the Navy and Marine Corps, as well as housing for many German U-Boat crews after capture, until it closed in 1974. Also in 1905, the Portsmouth Navy Yard hosted the Treaty of Portsmouth which ended the Russo-Japanese War.[5] For arranging the peace conference, President Theodore Roosevelt won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. Delegates met in the General Stores Building, now the Administration Building (called Building 86). In 2005, a summer-long series of events marked the 100th anniversary of the signing of the treaty, including a visit by a Navy destroyer, a parade, and a re-enactment of the arrival of diplomats from the two nations.

missing name in 1917, the first submarine ever built by a U. S. navy yard

During World War I, the shipyard began constructing submarines, with  missing name being the first ever built by a U. S. navy yard. Meanwhile, the base continued to overhaul and repair surface vessels. Consequently, the workforce grew to nearly 5,000 civilians. It grew to almost 25,000 civilians in World War II when over 70 submarines were constructed at the yard, with a record of 4 launched in a single day. When the war ended, the shipyard became the Navy's center for submarine design and development. In 1953,  missing name revolutionized submarine design around the world with its teardrop hull and round cross-section. It is now a museum and tourist attraction in Portsmouth.  missing name, the first nuclear-powered submarine built at the base, was launched in 1957. The last submarine built here was the  missing name, launched in 1969. Today the shipyard provides overhaul, refueling, and modernization work.[4] In the early years of submarine construction, the wood from Lignumvitae tree logs was used for propeller shaft bearings. A small pond, near the Naval Prison, was used to keep the lignumvitae logs submerged in water in order to prevent the wood from cracking. Although the use of wood was discontinued as construction techniques improved, the logs were still there during the construction of USS JACK SSN605 in the period 1963-1967.

In 1994, the shipyard was placed on the EPA's National Priorities List (NPL) for environmental investigations/restorations under CERCLA (Superfund). The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission placed the yard on a list for base closures, effective by 2008. Employees organized the Save Our Shipyard campaign to influence the committee to reverse its decision. On 24 August 2005, the base was taken off the list and continues operating under its motto, "From Sails to Atoms."[2]

The shipyard earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation in 2005. The MUC recognized the shipyard for meritorious service from September 11, 2001 to August 30, 2004. Portsmouth Naval Shipyard accomplishments achieved during that period included completion of six major submarine availabilities early, exceeding Net Operation Results financial goals, reducing injuries by more than 50 percent, and exceeding the Secretary of Defense’s Fiscal Year 2006 Stretch Goal for lost workday compensation rates two years early.

In addition to the Navy presence, the United States Army New England Recruiting Battalion relocated to PNSY in June 2010 from the closed Brunswick Naval Air Station. The United States Coast Guard uses the Portsmouth Navy Yard as the home port for the medium-endurance cutters  missing name,  missing name, and  missing name.[6]

## Boundary dispute

New Hampshire laid claim to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard until the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2001, asserting judicial estoppel.[7] Had it been found to belong to New Hampshire, base employees (and their spouses regardless of whether they themselves worked in Maine) from that state would no longer be required to pay Maine income tax. Despite the court's ruling, New Hampshire's 2006 Session House Joint Resolution 1 reaffirmed its sovereignty assertion over Seavey's Island[8] and the base.

## Occupational safety

A CDC / NIOSH study released in 2005 examined the cases of 115 employees at the shipyard who had died of leukemia between 1952 and 1992. The results suggested that leukemia mortality risk increased with increasing cumulative occupational ionizing radiation dose among PNS workers.[9]

## Notable ships built at shipyard predecessors

Piscataqua River region

* 1690 — HMS Falkland \- (50-gun fourth-rate)[10]
* 1696 — HMS Bedford Galley \- (32-gun fifth-rate)[10]
* 1749 — HMS America \- (60-gun fourth-rate)[10]

Badger's Island

* 1776 —  missing name \- (32-gun frigate)[10]
* 1777 —  missing name \- (18-gun sloop-of-war)[10]
* 1782 —  missing name \- (74-gun ship of the line)[10]
* 1791 —  missing name \- (14-gun schooner)[10]
* 1797 —  missing name \- (36-gun frigate)[10]
* 1798 —  missing name \- (24-gun sloop-of-war)[10]
* 1799 —  missing name \- (38-gun frigate)[10]

## Notable ships built at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

The launch of the  missing name, the shipyard's first new construction, on October 1, 1814, with  missing name in attendance. Painting attributed to John Samuel Blunt (1798–1835).[11] missing name (right) and  missing name at Naples, painted in 1857, by Tommaso de Simone

* 1814 —  missing name \- (74-gun ship of the line)[10]
* 1820 —  missing name \- (11-gun schooner)[10]
* 1828 —  missing name \- (24-gun sloop-of-war)[10]
* 1839 —  missing name \- (20-gun sloop-of-war)[10]
* 1841 —  missing name \- (50-gun frigate)[10]
* 1842 —  missing name \- (24-gun sloop-of-war)[10]
* 1843 —  missing name \- (24-gun sloop-of-war)[10]
* 1848 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]
* 1855 —  missing name \- (44-gun frigate)[10]
* 1855 — LV-1 - Lightship Nantucket[10]
* 1859 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]
* 1861 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]
* 1861 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]
* 1861 —  missing name \- (side-wheel steam gunboat)[10]
* 1861 —  missing name \- (side-wheel steam gunboat)[10]
* 1862 —  missing name \- (side-wheel steam gunboat)[10]
* 1862 —  missing name \- (side-wheel steam gunboat)[10]
* 1862 —  missing name \- (side-wheel steam gunboat)[10]
* 1862 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]
* 1863 —  missing name \- (steam gunboat)[10]
* 1863 —  missing name \- (steam gunboat)[10]
* 1863 —  missing name \- (Miantonomoh-class monitor)[10]
* 1864 —  missing name \- (74-gun ship of the line)[10]
* 1864 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]
* 1864 —  missing name \- (steam frigate)[10]
* 1864 —  missing name \- (side-wheel steam gunboat)[12]
* 1864 —  missing name \- (tugboat)[10]
* 1864 —  missing name \- (tugboat)[10]
* 1865 —  missing name \- (steam gunboat)[10]
* 1866 —  missing name \- (steam frigate)[10]
* 1867 —  missing name \- (steam frigate)[10]
* 1868 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]
* 1874 —  missing name \- (steam sloop)[10]

"Government type" S-class submarine  missing name

* 1905 —  missing name \- (training brigantine)[10]
* 1908 —  missing name \- (tugboat)[10]
* 1917 —  missing name \- (United States L-class submarine)[10]
* 1918 —  missing name \- (United States O-class submarine)[10]
* 1918 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1919 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1919 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1919 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1920 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1920 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1920 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1920 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1921 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1921 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1921 —  missing name \- (United States S-class submarine)[10]
* 1924 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[10]
* 1924 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[10]
* 1924 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[10]
* 1928 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine minelayer)[10] 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1929 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine cruiser)[10] sank 6 ships in 15 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1932 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[10] 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1933 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[10] 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13] Souvenir of the launch of the USS Cacholot
* 1934 —  missing name \- (USCG Calumet class harbor tug)[14]
* 1935 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1935 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 1 ship in 8 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1936 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 13 ships in 12 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1936 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 11 ships in 11 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1937 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 4 ships in 11 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1937 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 16 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1938 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 3 ships in 9 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1939 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 7 ships in 12 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1939 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 3 ships in 13 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1939 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 18 ships in 15 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1940 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 11 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1940 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 12 ships in 11 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1941 —  missing name \- (coastal submarine)[10]
* 1940 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 8 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1940 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 1 ship in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1941 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 12 ships in 13 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1941 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 15 ships in 12 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1941 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 11 ships in 12 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1941 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 8 ships in 13 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1941 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 12 ships in 10 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 6 ships in 5 Atlantic and 3 Pacific World War II patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 14 ships in 12 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 3 ships in 11 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 6 ships in 10 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 5 ships in 8 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 4 ships in 4 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 17 ships in 9 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 4 ships in 7 World War II Pacific patrols[13]

missing name was the first fleet submarine with a stronger pressure hull

* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 6 ships in 10 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 3 ships in 8 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 16 ships in 9 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 7 ships in 8 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 1 ship in 1 World War II Pacific patrol[13]
* 1942 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] 1 World War II Pacific patrol[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 8 ships in 7 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 3 ships in 8 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 6 ships in 7 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 6 ships in 7 World War II Pacific patrols[13]

missing name sank the Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano \- the largest warship ever sunk by a submarine

* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 7 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 1 ship in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 10 ships in 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 13 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 5 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 8 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 8 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 8 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 4 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 4 ships in 6 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 4 ships in 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1943 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 8 ships in 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 5 ships in 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 2 ships in 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 5 ships in 5 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[10] sank 9 ships in 4 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 4 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 6 ships in 4 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 1 ship in 4 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 2 ships in 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 4 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 6 ships in 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 7 ships in 4 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 3 ships in 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 4 ships in 3 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 1 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 8 ships in 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 3 ships in 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 1 World War II Pacific patrol[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] sank 1 ship in 2 World War II Pacific patrols[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15] 1 World War II Pacific patrol[13]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1944 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1945 —  missing name \- (fleet submarine)[15]
* 1951 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[15]
* 1951 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[15]

missing name pioneered the hull shape of modern United States submarines

* 1951 —  missing name \- (diesel submarine)[15]
* 1953 —  missing name \- (experimental diesel submarine)[15]
* 1955 —  missing name \- (RADAR picket submarine)[15]
* 1956 —  missing name \- (RADAR picket submarine)[15]
* 1958 —  missing name \- (guided missile diesel submarine)[15]
* 1958 —  missing name \- (nuclear submarine)[15]
* 1958 —  missing name \- (fast diesel submarine)[15]
* 1958 —  missing name \- (nuclear submarine)[15]
* 1960 —  missing name \- (nuclear fast attack submarine)[15]
* 1960 —  missing name \- (nuclear ballistic missile submarine)[15]
* 1963 —  missing name \- (nuclear fast attack submarine)[15]
* 1961 —  missing name \- (nuclear fast attack submarine)[15]
* 1963 —  missing name \- (nuclear ballistic missile submarine)[15]
* 1964 —  missing name \- (nuclear ballistic missile submarine)[15]
* 1967 —  missing name \- (nuclear fast attack submarine)[16]
* 1968 —  missing name \- (experimental diesel submarine)[17]
* 1969 —  missing name \- (nuclear fast attack submarine)[16]

## See also

* Portsmouth Athenæum
* National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Maine

## References

1. ↑ Home - Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Navsea.navy.mil (1939-05-23). Retrieved on 2014-05-24.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 History of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
3. ↑ A. J. Coolidge & J. B. Mansfield, A History and Description of New England; Boston, Massachusetts 1859
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Brief History of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
5. ↑ Treaty of Portsmouth -- U.S. Department of State
6. ↑ [1] USCGC RELIANCE home page]
7. ↑ Yard in Maine, Portsmouth Herald, 30 May 2001. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-03-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20050327013608/http://www.seacoastonline.com/2001news/5_30a.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
8. ↑ hjr 0001
9. ↑ "A Nested Case-Control Study of Leukemia and Ionizing Radiation at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (2005-104)". June 6, 2014. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-104/.
10. ↑ 10.000 10.001 10.002 10.003 10.004 10.005 10.006 10.007 10.008 10.009 10.010 10.011 10.012 10.013 10.014 10.015 10.016 10.017 10.018 10.019 10.020 10.021 10.022 10.023 10.024 10.025 10.026 10.027 10.028 10.029 10.030 10.031 10.032 10.033 10.034 10.035 10.036 10.037 10.038 10.039 10.040 10.041 10.042 10.043 10.044 10.045 10.046 10.047 10.048 10.049 10.050 10.051 10.052 10.053 10.054 10.055 10.056 10.057 10.058 10.059 10.060 10.061 10.062 10.063 10.064 10.065 10.066 10.067 10.068 10.069 10.070 10.071 10.072 10.073 10.074 10.075 10.076 10.077 10.078 10.079 10.080 10.081 10.082 10.083 10.084 10.085 10.086 10.087 10.088 10.089 10.090 10.091 10.092 10.093 10.094 10.095 10.096 10.097 10.098 10.099 10.100 10.101 10.102 10.103 10.104 10.105 10.106 10.107 10.108 10.109 10.110 10.111 10.112 10.113 10.114 10.115 10.116 10.117 10.118 10.119 10.120 10.121 10.122 10.123 10.124 10.125 Alden 1964 p. 92
11. ↑ "Launching of the USS Washington". Historic New England. https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/2668/.
12. ↑ "Pawtuxet". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p3/pawtuxet.htm. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.43 13.44 13.45 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 13.50 13.51 13.52 13.53 13.54 13.55 13.56 13.57 13.58 13.59 13.60 13.61 13.62 13.63 13.64 13.65 13.66 13.67 13.68 13.69 13.70 13.71 13.72 13.73 13.74 13.75 13.76 13.77 13.78 13.79 13.80 13.81 13.82 13.83 Blair(1975)pp.875-957
14. ↑ Fahey 1941 p. 43
15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.40 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 Alden 1964 p. 93
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Blackman 1970-71 p. 466
17. ↑ Blackman 1970-71 p. 476

* Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum & Research Library (Building 31)
* Alden, John, CDR USN (November 1964). Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. United States Naval Institute Proceedings.
* Blackman, Raymond V.B. (1970–71). Jane's Fighting Ships. Jane's Yearbooks.
* Blair, Clay Jr. (1975). Silent Victory volume 2. J.B. Lippincott.
* Fahey, James C. (1941). The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, Two-Ocean Fleet Edition. Ships and Aircraft.
* Switzer, David C. (November 1964). Down-East Ships of the Union Navy. United States Naval Institute Proceedings.

## External links

* Portsmouth Naval Shipyard official website[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
* USS Albacore Museum

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