U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

* The Administrative State
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* Bibliography
* Scholarly work related to the administrative state
* "Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)
* "Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)
* "Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)
* "Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)
* "The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)
* "Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)
* Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)
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* Executive orders
* Jimmy Carter
* Presidential Executive Order 12044 (Jimmy Carter, 1978)
* Ronald Reagan
* Presidential Executive Order 12291 (Ronald Reagan, 1981)
* Presidential Executive Order 12498 (Ronald Reagan, 1985)
* Bill Clinton
* Presidential Executive Order 12866 (Bill Clinton, 1993)
* Presidential Executive Order 13132 (Bill Clinton, 1999)
* George W. Bush
* Presidential Executive Order 13258 (George W. Bush, 2002)
* Presidential Executive Order 13422 (George W. Bush, 2007)
* Barack Obama
* Presidential Executive Order 13497 (Barack Obama, 2009)
* Presidential Executive Order 13563 (Barack Obama, 2011)
* Presidential Executive Order 13610 (Barack Obama, 2012)
* Donald Trump
* Presidential Executive Order 13765 (Donald Trump, 2017)
* Presidential Executive Order 13771 (Donald Trump, 2017)
* Presidential Executive Order 13772 (Donald Trump, 2017)
* Presidential Executive Order 13777 (Donald Trump, 2017)
* Presidential Executive Order 13781 (Donald Trump, 2017)
* Presidential Executive Order 13783 (Donald Trump, 2017)
* Presidential Executive Order 13789 (Donald Trump, 2017)
* Presidential Executive Order 13836 (Donald Trump, 2018)
* Presidential Executive Order 13837 (Donald Trump, 2018)
* Presidential Executive Order 13839 (Donald Trump, 2018)
* Presidential Executive Order 13843 (Donald Trump, 2018)
* Joseph Biden
* Presidential Executive Order 13990 (Joe Biden, 2021)
* Presidential Executive Order 13992 (Joe Biden, 2021)
* Presidential Executive Order 14003 (Joe Biden, 2021)
* Presidential Executive Order 14018 (Joe Biden, 2021)
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* Court cases
* Auer v. Robbins
* Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council
* Skidmore v. Swift & Co.
* Humphrey's Executor v. United States
* Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe
* More court cases
* Administrative state legislation tracker

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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

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Annual budget:| $1.5 billion (2022)
Total employed:| 5,099 (2022)
Year created:| 1972
Official website:| Office website

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Investigations
* 2 Structure
* 2.1 Mission
* 3 Analysis
* 3.1 Budget
* 3.1.1 Biden administration
* 3.1.2 Trump administration
* 3.1.3 Obama administration
* 4 Recent news
* 5 See also
* 6 External links
* 7 Footnotes

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a United States agency formed in 1972 in the U.S. Department of Justice that "protects our communities from violent criminals, criminal organizations, the illegal use and trafficking of firearms, the illegal use and storage of explosives, acts of arson and bombings, acts of terrorism, and the illegal diversion of alcohol and tobacco products."[1]

## History[edit]

Administrative State

* * *

Read more about the administrative state on Ballotpedia.

The passage of the 21st Amendment created the need to ensure taxes were collected on illegal stores of alcohol made during Prohibition. The agency charged with fighting organized crime during Prohibition, the Bureau of Prohibition, was transformed into the Alcohol Tax Unit (ATU) to be a part of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, in order to break up illegal distilleries and organized liquor rackets. In 1941, the ATU was charged with enforcing the National Firearms Act and the Federal Firearms Act, which regulated firearms, placed regulations on firearm markets and sellers, required licensing for merchants and producers and created records of firearms.[2]

The Gun Control Act of 1968 created stronger regulations on firearms in the wake of the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. The ATU was reorganized into the Alcohol Tobacco Tax Division (ATTD) and charged with enforcing the Gun Control Act, which banned felons from owning firearms as well as providing the first federal regulations over "destructive devices," such as bombs and explosives. The ATF became an independent agency in 1972 under Treasury Department Order 221. The ATF and Federal Bureau of Investigation were given joint responsibility to enforce the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, which required criminal background checks prior to receiving a firearm license in 1993. The Homeland Security Act of 2002, which formed the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, reorganized the ATF under the U.S. Department of Justice in 2003.[2]

### Investigations[edit]

* The ATF investigated the World Trade Center bombing in 1993 and arrested five people behind the bombing that left six dead and more than one thousand injured.[2]

* In 1993, the ATF issued warrants on firearms believed to be at a religious compound in Waco, Texas. On February 28, the ATF raided the compound inhabited by the Branch Davidians, which resulted in the deaths of five Davidians and four ATF agents before the FBI took over for a 51 day standoff. On April 19, after tear gas was shot into the building, the compound burned down with the Branch Davidians inside. It was unclear whether the Davidians started the fire or if it resulted from the tear gas.[3]

* ATF agents were present in the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building that was bombed on April 19, 1995. The ATF assisted in the investigation of the bombing.[2]

* ATF agents contributed to investigations in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, Washington, D.C. and New York City after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.[2]

## Structure[edit]

### Mission[edit]

The official ATF mission statement is as follows:

“  | To conduct investigations utilizing our unique expertise, partnerships, and intelligence to enhance public safety by enforcing the laws and regulations and uphold the Constitution of the United States of America.[4] | ”

|
|

—ATF.gov[1]

## Analysis[edit]

### Budget[edit]

#### Biden administration[edit]

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives[5] Annual Budget

Year| Budget (in billions)| % Difference from previous year
2023| $1.73| 15.33%
2022| $1.5| −9.64%
2021| $1.66| N/A

#### Trump administration[edit]

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives[6] Annual Budget

Year| Budget (in billions)| % Difference from previous year
2020| $1.36| 3.82%
2019| $1.31| 3.15%
2018| $1.27| −2.31%
2017| $1.30| N/A

#### Obama administration[edit]

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives[7] Annual Budget

Year| Budget (in billions)| % Difference from previous year
2016| $1.24| 3.33%
2015| $1.20| −1.64%
2014| $1.22| 6.09%
2013| $1.15| 0%
2012| $1.15| 3.6%
2011| $1.11| −0.89%
2010| $1.12| 6.67%
2009| $1.05| N/A

## Recent news[edit]

This section links to a Google news search for the term Bureau + Alcohol + Tobacco + Firearms + Explosives

ATF News Feed

## See also[edit]

* U.S. Department of Justice
* Steven Dettelbach
* Thomas Brandon
* B. Todd Jones

## External links[edit]

* Official ATF website
* ATF Twitter feed
* ATF Youtube channel

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 ATF, "About ATF," accessed February 26, 2024
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 ATF, "Timeline," accessed March 24, 2014
3. ↑ NPR, "Two Decades Later, Some Branch Davidians Still Believe," April 20, 2013
4. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
5. ↑ ATF, "Budget and Performance 2023," accessed March 2, 2023
6. ↑ ATF, "Budget and Performance 2020," accessed March 2, 2023
7. ↑ ATF, "Budget and Performance," accessed March 24, 2014

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The Administrative State

Main|

The Administrative State Project main page • Administrative State Project Index • Glossary of administrative state terms • Quotes about the administrative state • Administrative state • Rulemaking • Deference • Adjudication • Nondelegation doctrine • Ballotpedia's administrative state legislation tracker

Reporting|

Changes to the Federal Register • Completed OIRA review of federal administrative agency rules • Federal agency rules repealed under the Congressional Review Act • Historical additions to the Federal Register, 1936-2016 • Pages added monthly to the Federal Register, 1995-2017

Laws|

Administrative Procedure Act • Antiquities Act • Civil Service Reform Act • Clayton Antitrust Act • Communications Act of 1934 • Congressional Review Act • Electronic Freedom of Information Act • Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 • Federal Housekeeping Statute • Federal Reserve Act • Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 • Freedom of Information Act • Government in the Sunshine Act • Independent Offices Appropriations Act of 1952 • Information Quality Act • Interstate Commerce Act • National Labor Relations Act • Paperwork Reduction Act • Pendleton Act • Privacy Act of 1974 • Regulatory Flexibility Act • REINS Act • REINS Act (Wisconsin) • Securities Act of 1933 • Securities Exchange Act of 1934 • Sherman Antitrust Act • Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act • Truth in Regulating Act • Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

Cases|

Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner • A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States • Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp • Auer v. Robbins • Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council • Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe • Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v. Standard Oil Company of California • Field v. Clark • Food and Drug Administration v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation • Humphrey's Executor v. United States • Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) v. Chadha • J.W. Hampton Jr. & Company v. United States • Lucia v. SEC • Marshall v. Barlow's • Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency • Mistretta v. United States • National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) v. Sebelius • National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company • National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. • Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan • Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation • Skidmore v. Swift & Co. • United States v. Lopez • United States v. Western Pacific Railroad Co. • Universal Camera Corporation v. National Labor Relations Board • Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council • Wayman v. Southard • Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service • Whitman v. American Trucking Associations • Wickard v. Filburn • Wiener v. United States

Terms|

Adjudication (administrative state) • Administrative judge • Administrative law • Administrative law judge • Administrative state • Arbitrary-or-capricious test • Auer deference • Barrier to entry • Bootleggers and Baptists • Chevron deference (doctrine) • Civil servant • Civil service • Code of Federal Regulations • Codify (administrative state) • Comment period • Compliance costs • Congressional Record • Coordination (administrative state) • Deference (administrative state) • Direct and indirect costs (administrative state) • Enabling statute • Ex parte communication (administrative state) • Executive agency • Federal law • Federal Register • Federalism • Final rule • Formal rulemaking • Formalism (law) • Functionalism (law) • Guidance (administrative state) • Hybrid rulemaking • Incorporation by reference • Independent federal agency • Informal rulemaking • Joint resolution of disapproval (administrative state) • Major rule • Negotiated rulemaking • Nondelegation doctrine • OIRA prompt letter • Organic statute • Pragmatism (law) • Precautionary principle • Promulgate • Proposed rule • Publication rulemaking • Regulatory budget • Regulatory capture • Regulatory dark matter • Regulatory impact analysis • Regulatory policy officer • Regulatory reform officer • Regulatory review • Rent seeking • Retrospective regulatory review • Risk assessment (administrative state) • Rulemaking • Separation of powers • Significant regulatory action • Skidmore deference • Statutory authority • Substantive law and procedural law • Sue and settle • Sunset provision • Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions • United States Code • United States Statutes at Large

Bibliography|

* "Administrative Law - The 20th Century Bequeaths an 'Illegitimate Exotic' in Full and Terrifying Flower" by Stephen P. Dresch (2000)
* "Confronting the Administrative Threat" by Philip Hamburger and Tony Mills (2017)
* "Constitutionalism after the New Deal" by Cass R. Sunstein (1987)
* Federalist No. 23 by Alexander Hamilton (1787)
* "From Administrative State to Constitutional Government" by Joseph Postell (2012)
* "Interring the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule (2002)
* "Rulemaking as Legislating" by Kathryn Watts (2015)
* "The Checks & Balances of the Regulatory State" by Paul R. Verkuil (2016)
* "The Myth of the Nondelegation Doctrine" by Keith E. Whittington and Jason Iuliano (2017)
* "The Progressive Origins of the Administrative State: Wilson, Goodnow, and Landis" by Ronald J. Pestritto (2007)
* "The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State" by Gary Lawson (1994)
* "The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson (1887)
* "The Threat to Liberty" by Steven F. Hayward (2017)
* "Why the Modern Administrative State Is Inconsistent with the Rule of Law" by Richard A. Epstein (2008)

Agencies|

Administrative Conference of the United States • United States Civil Service Commission • U.S. Government Accountability Office • U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs • U.S. Office of Management and Budget

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