Electron-stimulated luminescence

Electron-stimulated luminescence (ESL) is production of light by cathodoluminescence,[1][2][3][4] i.e. by a beam of electrons made to hit a fluorescent phosphor surface. This is also the method used to produce light in a cathode ray tube (CRT). Experimental light bulbs that were made using this technology do not include magnetic or electrostatic means to deflect the electron beam.[5]

A cathodoluminescent light has a transparent glass envelope coated on the inside with a light-emitting phosphor layer. Electrons emitted from a cathode strike the phosphor; the current returns through a transparent conductive coating on the envelope. The phosphor layer emits light through the transparent face of the envelope. The system has a power supply providing at least 5kVDC to the light emitting device, and the electrons transiting from cathode to anode are essentially unfocused. Additional circuits allow TRIAC-type dimmers to control the light level.[6] Sample produced with lights produced so far have a color rendering index of 90. The energy consumption can be 70% less than that of a standard incandescent light bulb. Claimed lifetime can be as long as 10,000 hours which is more than ten times that of a standard incandescent light bulb.[7]

Unlike fluorescent lamps, which produce light through the electrical excitation of mercury vapor, ESL lamps do not use mercury.[8] The first commercially available ESL product was a reflector bulb.

Drawbacks include high weight, a slightly larger-than-normal base and – as with all cathode ray tubes – when switched on, a slight delay before illumination begins and a static charge which attracts dust to the bulb face. As of 2016 the cost is higher and claimed efficiency is less than half that of commercially available LED bulbs, although it is considerably better than that of traditional incandescent lamps.[9]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## History

In 1958, Ferranti introduced a line of flood beam CRT-type stroboscope lamps.[10]

Following delays, one company, called Vu1 Corporation, released ESL lamp samples in 2011.[11] The company has not continued in operation.

## See also

* CRT projector
* Nimo tube
* Electroluminescence
* Electroluminescent display (ELD)
* Fluorescence
* Fluorescent lamp
* List of light sources

## References

1. ↑ Melanson, Donald (17 September 2009). "Vu1 Corporation sees bright future for ESL light bulbs". AOL Inc.. https://www.engadget.com/2009/09/17/vu1-corporation-sees-bright-future-for-esl-light-bulbs/.
2. ↑ Zyga, Lisa (16 September 2009). "Company Claims ESLs to be the Future of Light Bulbs (w/ Video)". PhysOrg.com. http://www.physorg.com/news172341986.html.
3. ↑ Hornyak, Tim (16 September 2009). "Are ESL bulbs better than CFL or LED?". CBS Interactive Inc.. http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10354160-1.html.
4. ↑ Nitz, Brian (12 March 2012). "Are ESLs A Mercury-Free Replacement for CFL Lights?". Green Prophet. http://www.greenprophet.com/2012/03/esl-cfl-mercury-lights/.
5. ↑ Vestel, Leora Broydo (9 April 2009). "The Promise of a Better Light Bulb?". http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/the-promise-of-a-better-light-bulb/.
6. ↑ Hunt (16 November 2010). "United States Patent 7,834,553". http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7834553.PN.&OS=PN/7834553&RS=PN/7834553.
7. ↑ Ravindran, Sandeep (18 September 2009). "Newest Lightbulb Tech Combines Advantages of Incandescent, Fluorescent, and LED". Popular Science. http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2009-09/better-energy-efficient-light-bulb.
8. ↑ "Will ESL Light Bulbs Beat LEDs?". 22 November 2010. https://blogs.forbes.com/eco-nomics/2010/11/22/will-esl-light-bulbs-beat-leds/?boxes=Homepagechannels.
9. ↑ Provey, Joe (26 January 2011). "ESL Lightbulbs - DIY Product Review". AOL Inc.. http://www.diylife.com/2011/01/26/esl-light-bulbs-diy-product-review/.
10. ↑ "Vacuum light sources - High speed stroboscopic light sources". Ferranti Instruments. August 1958. http://www.mif.pg.gda.pl/homepages/frank/sheets/074/c/CL60.pdf.
11. ↑ "Vu1 Light Bulb Delayed (Again)". 4 April 2011. https://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/04/vu1-light-bulb-delayed-again/.

## External links

* Patent application with description (filed 2008-02-05)
* Cathodoluminescent lamps: A clean and energy-efficient complement to LEDs
* Prototype of cathodoluminescent lamp for general lighting using carbon fiber field emission cathode
* Cathodoluminescent UV Sources for Biomedical Applications

* v
* t
* e

* Lamps
* Lighting
* List of light sources

Concepts|

* Accent lighting
* Color temperature
* Efficiency
* Glare
* Lamp
* Light fixture
* Light pollution
* Lightbulb socket
* Task lighting

Methods of generation|

| Incandescent|

* Regular
* Halogen
* Nernst

|

Luminescent|

* Fluorescent
* Fluorescent lamp (compact)
* Fluorescent induction
* Photoluminescent
* laser lamp
* Chemiluminescent
* Solid-state
* LED bulb
* Cathodoluminescent
* Electron-stimulated
* Electroluminescent
* field-induced polymer

Combustion|

* Acetylene/Carbide
* Argand
* Campfire
* Candle
* Carcel
* Diya
* Flare
* Gas
* Kerosene
* Lantern
* Limelight
* Oil
* Rushlight
* Safety
* Tilley
* Torch

Electric arc|

* Carbon arc
* Klieg light
* Yablochkov candle

Gas discharge|

* Deuterium arc
* Neon
* Plasma
* Sulfur
* Xenon arc
* Xenon flash

High-intensity
discharge (HID)|

* Mercury-vapor
* Metal-halide
* ceramic
* Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide (HMI)
* Hydrargyrum quartz iodide (HQI)
* Sodium vapor

* Theatrical
* Cinematic

* Floodlight
* Footlight
* Gobo
* Scoop
* Spotlight
* ellipsoidal reflector
* Stage lighting instrument

Stationary|

* Reflector
* Parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR)
* Multifaceted reflector
* Ellipsoidal reflector
* Aircraft warning
* Balanced-arm lamp
* Chandelier
* Emergency light
* Gas lighting
* Gooseneck lamp
* Intelligent street lighting
* Light tube
* Nightlight
* Neon lighting
* Pendant light
* Recessed light
* Sconce
* Street light
* Torchère
* Track lighting
* Troffer

Mobile|

* Flashlight
* tactical
* Glow stick
* Headlamp (outdoor)
* Lantern
* Laser pointer
* Navigation light
* Searchlight
* Solar lamp

* Industrial
* Scientific

* Germicidal
* Grow light
* Infrared lamp
* Stroboscope
* Tanning

* Display
* Decorative

* Aroma lamp
* Black light
* Bubble light
* Christmas lights
* Crackle tube
* DJ lighting
* Electroluminescent wire
* Lava lamp
* Marquee
* Plasma globe
* Strobe light

Related topics|

* Bioluminescence
* Chemiluminescence
* Electroluminescence
* Laser
* Photoluminescence
* Radioluminescence

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