Itat Formation
Stratigraphic range: Bajocian-Bathonian
~170–166 Ma

PreЄ

Type| Geological formation
Sub-units| Lower, Middle and Upper members
Underlies| Tyazhin Formation
Overlies| Ilan Formation
Thickness| Several hundred metres
Lithology
Primary| Sandstone, mudstone, coal
Other| Siltstone
Location
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] : 55°42′N 89°12′E﻿ / ﻿55.7°N 89.2°E﻿ / 55.7; 89.2
Paleocoordinates|  [ ⚑ ] 58°12′N 86°42′E﻿ / ﻿58.2°N 86.7°E﻿ / 58.2; 86.7
Region| Siberia
Country| Russia
Extent| Krasnoyarsk krai, Nazarovo depression, SE West Siberian basin
Type section
Named for| Itatsky

Itat Formation (Russia)

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Itat Formation (Krasnoyarsk Krai)

Show map of Krasnoyarsk Krai

The Itat Formation (Russian: итатская свита) is a geologic formation in western Siberia. It was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian ages of the Middle Jurassic.[1] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, including the proceratosaurid Kileskus, as well as fish, amphibians, mammals and many other vertebrates.[2] The formation is noted for bearing significant coal reserves, with large open pit coal mines extracting lignite from the unit currently in operation.

## Contents

* 1 Lithology
* 2 Locality
* 3 Paleobiota
* 3.1 Fish
* 3.2 Amphibians
* 3.3 Turtles
* 3.4 Lepidosauromorphs
* 3.5 Choristoderes
* 3.6 Pterosaurs
* 3.7 Crocodyliforms
* 3.8 Dinosaurs
* 3.9 Mammaliamorphs
* 3.10 Insects
* 4 Flora
* 5 See also
* 6 References

## Lithology

The lower section of the formation is around 50–130 m thick, and consists of light grey sandstones with gravel, siltstone and rare coal beds.[3] At the Dubinino locality, the 50 m exposed section of the upper part of the formation shows an irregular rhythmic alteration of fine grained sandstone, siltstone and mudstone and coal seams typically a few tens of cm's but up to several meters thick.[1] The deposit is located on the South Eastern margin of the West Siberian basin[4]

## Locality

Most of the fossils were found in the overburden of Berezovsk coal mine[ru], which is located in southern Krasnoyarsk Krai (Sharypovsky District) near the border with Kemerovo Oblast. The deposit is stratigraphically located in the upper member of the formation. The fossiliferous level of the locality is located above thick (> 50 m) coal seams and consists of unconsolidated silt and sand, which were deposited on an alluvial plain. Due to the fluvial origin of the sediment the remains are disarticulated and often are water worn, though they are mostly well preserved, which suggests they had not been significantly transported.[5] The fossils were largely obtained by screenwashing of the debris. 10-15 tons of material have been processed so far.

## Paleobiota

Taken from[2] unless otherwise noted.

### Fish

Fish of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Hybodus | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Partial tooth  |  |
Acipenseriformes | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Scales  |  |
Amiiformes | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | "Abundant vertebrae, jaws and vomer fragments, as well as isolated teeth, and numerous isolated rhomboidal scales"  |  |
Dipnoi | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | One complete upper tooth plate, several tooth plate fragments  |  |
Palaeonisciformes | Undescribed  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Many partial skeletons  | Similar to Palaeoniscinotus and Pteroniscus |

### Amphibians

Amphibians of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
?Eodiscoglossus[6] | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Atlantal centrum  |  | Frog
Kiyatriton[7] | K. krasnolutskii | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Dentary, atlantes, trunk vertebrae and fragmentary cranial and postcranial bones  | Formerly known as "Berezovsk salamander B"; genus also known from Early Cretaceous Ilek Formation.  | Crown group Salamander
Urupia[8] | U. monstrosa | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Dentary, femur, an incomplete atlas, an anterior fragment of the left dentary, and fragments of trunk vertebrae  | Estimated length of 480-560 centimetres  | Stem-Salamander
Egoria [9] | E. malashichevi | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Atlantal centra, trunk vertebrae  | Formerly known as "Berezovsk salamander A" Possibly neotenic | Stem-Salamander

### Turtles

Turtles of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Annemys | A. variabilis[10] | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Thousands of isolated bones and several fragmented specimens, including three partial braincases and larger fragments of connected shell parts[11] | Xinjiangchelyid |
Testudines | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  |  | Likely one or two taxa distinct from Annemys.[11] |

### Lepidosauromorphs

Lepidosauromorphs of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Lepidosauromorpha | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Several fragments of dentaries and maxillae  | Basal form similar to Marmoretta |
Scincomorpha | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Fused premaxillae and two dentary fragments additionally several fragmentary maxillae and dentaries  | Two distinct taxa, one of which is two times smaller than the other.  |

### Choristoderes

Choristoderes of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Cteniogenys | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Skull roof bones, maxillary and dentary fragments, vertebrae, ribs  |  |

### Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
?Rhamphorhynchidae | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Numerous isolated teeth and very rare bone fragments  |  |

### Crocodyliforms

Crocodyliforms of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Goniopholididae[12] | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Several dozens of isolated teeth, osteoderms, and a few cranial fragments  |  |

### Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Kileskus[13] | K. aristotocus | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Holotype description: "premaxilla, maxilla, a mandible fragment, and several limb bone parts"; referred material includes cervical and caudal vertebrae and numerous isolated teeth, as well as a fibula[14] | Proceratosaurid | 200px
Heterodontosauridae | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Isolated maxillary and dentary teeth  |  |
Mamenchisauridae[15] | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Numerous isolated teeth and two platycoelous posterior caudal vertebrae  | Sauropod |
Stegosauria[16] | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Fragmentary skeletons of at least two individuals  |  | 200px

### Mammaliamorphs

Mammaliamorphs of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Amphibetulimus[17] | A. krasnolutskii | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Dentary fragments, canine and upper molar[18] | Alternately considered an amphitheriid or a cladotherian |
Amphitherium | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Upper and lower molars and an edentulous dentary fragment  | An amphitheriid  |
Anthracolestes[19] | A. sergeii | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Isolated teeth and edentulous dentary fragments  | A dryolestid  |
Hutegotherium[20] | H. yaomingi | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  |  | A docodont  |
Itatodon[21] | I. tatarinovi | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  |  | Either a docodont or a member of the family Shuotheriidae |
Maiopatagium | M. sibiricum[22] | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  |  | A euharamiyidan |
Sharypovoia[22] | S. arimasporum, S. magna | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  |  | A euharamiyidan  |
Simpsonodon[20] | S. sibiricus | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  |  | A docodont  |
"Sineleutherus"[23] | "S." issedonicus | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  |  | A haramiyidan, now believed to represent a number of different euharamiyidan taxa.[22] |
Stereognathus[24] | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Upper and lower postcanine teeth  | A tritylodontid  |
Tagaria[5] | T. antiqua | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Isolated premolar and two molars  | A multituberculate  |
Tashtykia[5] | T. primaeva | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Isolated premolars and incisors  | A multituberculate  |
Eutriconodonta[25] | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | One large tooth and several tooth fragments  | A large tooth similar to those of Gobiconodon |
Multituberculata | Indeterminate  | Berezovsk coal mine  | Upper Member  | Molariforms  |  |

### Insects

Numerous insect species are known from the Kubekovo village locality located within the upper member of the formation.[26]

Insects of the Itat Formation

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Epiosmylus | Epiosmylus longus |  |  |  | Osmylid lacewing  |
Mesosmylina | Mesosmylina sibirica |  |  |  |
Kubekius | Kubekius multiramosus |  |  |  |
Thaumatomerobius | Thaumatomerobius mirabilis |  |  |  | Saucrosmylid lacewing  |
Archizelmira | Archizelmira jarzembowskii |  |  |  | Archizelmirid fly  |
Protanyderus | P. invalidus |  |  |  | Tanyderidae fly  |
Boreomerope | B. antiqua |  |  |  | Meropeidae scorpionfly  |
Itaphlebia | Itaphlebia completa, Itaphlebia jeniseica, Itaphlebia multa, Itaphlebia reducta |  |  |  | Nannochoristid scorpionfly  |
Eublattula | E. curvinervis |  |  |  | A cockroach  |
Mesobittacus | M. kubekovensis |  |  |  | hangingfly |
Eoptychoptera | E. maxima, E. modica, E. paramaculata |  |  |  | Ptychopteridae fly  |
Eoptychopterina | E. glabra |  |  |  |
Proptychopterina | Proptychopterina amota, Proptychopterina handlirschi , Proptychopterina yeniseica |  |  |  |
Crenoptychoptera | Crenoptychoptera antica, Crenoptychoptera defossa |  |  |  |
Palaeoperissomma | P. collessi |  |  |  | Perissommatidae fly  |
Prohyperoscelis | Prohyperoscelis jurassicus |  |  |  | Canthyloscelidae fly  |
Microdiplatys | Microdiplatys perfectus |  |  |  | Protodiplatyidae earwig  |
Cicadocoris | Cicadocoris admotus, Cicadocoris frater |  |  |  | Progonocimicidae bug  |
Olgamartynovia | Olgamartynovia nana |  |  |  |
Locustopsis | Locustopsis picta |  |  |  | Locustopsidae orthopteran  |
Tinaphis | Tinaphis sibirica |  |  |  | Szelegiewicziidae aphid  |
Tarantogus | Tarantogus obscurus, Tarantogus opiparus, Tarantogus sibiricus |  |  |  | Mesopsychidae scorpionfly  |
Blattula | Blattula aberrans, Blattula sibirica |  |  |  | Blattulid cockroach  |
Kemobius | Kemobius lux |  |  |  | Archijassid leafhopper  |
Kisa | Kisa fasciata |  |  |  |
Kubecola | Kubecola guttatus |  |  |  |
Necrotaulius | Necrotaulius kubekovi |  |  |  | Necrotauliidae caddisfly  |
Orthophlebia | Orthophlebia obunca |  |  |  | Orthophlebiidae scorpionfly  |

## Flora

Flora of the Itat Formation[1]

Genus  | Species  | Location  | Stratigraphic position  | Abundance  | Notes  | Images
Lycopodites | Indeterminate  |  |  |  | Club moss |
Equisetites | E. asiaticus, E. cf. lateralis |  |  |  | Stem-horsetail |
Coniopteris | C. hymenophylloides, C. simplex, C. cf. maakiana |  |  |  | Fern  |
Cladophlebis | C. denticulata |  |  |  | Fern  |
Gonatosorus | G. cf mrassiensis |  |  |  | Fern  |
Todites | T. cf. princeps |  |  |  | Fern  |
Lobifolia | Indeterminate  |  |  |  | Fern  |
Rhizomopteris | Indeterminate  |  |  |  | Fern  |
Ginkgo | Indeterminate, G. ex gr. insolita |  |  |  | Genus extant  |
Podozamites | Indeterminate  |  |  |  | Conifer |
Sphenobaiera | Indeterminate  |  |  |  | Ginkgoales |
Stenorachis | S. cf. scanicus |  |  |  | Gymnosperm  |
Czekanowskia | Indeterminate  |  |  |  | Czekanowskiales |

## See also

* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ivantsov, S. V.; Bystritskaya, L. I.; Krasnolutskii, S. A.; Lyalyuk, K. P.; Frolov, A. O.; Alekseev, A. S. (September 2016). "Middle Jurassic continental biota and paleolandscape in the Dubinino locality (Sharypovo area, Krasnoyarsk krai)". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 24 (5): 486–502. doi:10.1134/s0869593816050038. ISSN 0869-5938. Bibcode: 2016SGC....24..486I.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Middle Jurassic vertebrate assemblage of Berezovsk coal mine in western Siberia (Russia)". Global Geology 19 (4): 187–204. 2016. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-9736.2016.04.01.
3. ↑ "THE ILANSK FORMATION AND ITS STRATOȚYPE". Russian Geology and Geophysics.
4. ↑ Le Heron, Daniel Paul; Buslov, Micha M.; Davies, Clare; Richards, Keith; Safonova, Inna (July 2008). "Evolution of Mesozoic fluvial systems along the SE flank of the West Siberian Basin, Russia" (in en). Sedimentary Geology 208 (1–2): 45–60. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.05.001. Bibcode: 2008SedG..208...45L. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0037073808001085.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Averianov, Alexander O.; Martin, Thomas; Lopatin, Alexey V.; Schultz, Julia A.; Schellhorn, Rico; Krasnolutskii, Sergei; Skutschas, Pavel; Ivantsov, Stepan (2020-04-30). Hautier, Lionel. ed. "Multituberculate mammals from the Middle Jurassic of Western Siberia, Russia, and the origin of Multituberculata" (in en). Papers in Palaeontology 7 (2): 769–787. doi:10.1002/spp2.1317. ISSN 2056-2802. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1317.
6. ↑ Skutschas, Pavel P.; Martin, Thomas; Krasnolutskii, Sergei A. (2016-02-24). "First Jurassic frog from Siberia, Russia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (3). doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1101376. ISSN 0272-4634.
7. ↑ Skutschas, Pavel P. (2015-10-28). "A new crown-group salamander from the Middle Jurassic of Western Siberia, Russia". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 96 (1): 41–48. doi:10.1007/s12549-015-0216-x. ISSN 1867-1594.
8. ↑ P. P. Skutschas & S. A. Krasnolutskii (2011). "A new genus and species of basal salamanders from the Middle Jurassic of western Siberia, Russia". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 315 (2): 167–175. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2011.315.2.167. http://www.zin.ru/Journals/trudyzin/doc/vol_315_2/TZ_315_2_Skutschas.pdf.
9. ↑ Skutschas, Pavel; Kolchanov, Veniamin; Krasnolutskii, Sergey; Averianov, Alexander; Schellhorn, Rico; Schultz, Julia; Martin, Thomas (2020-02-19). Porro, Laura Beatriz. ed. "A new small-sized stem salamander from the Middle Jurassic of Western Siberia, Russia" (in en). PLOS ONE 15 (2). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228610. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 32074114. Bibcode: 2020PLoSO..1528610S.
10. ↑ Obraztsova, Ekaterina M.; Krasnolutskii, Sergei A.; Sukhanov, Vladimir B.; Danilov, Igor G. (2022-12-31). "Xinjiangchelyid turtles from the Middle Jurassic of the Berezovsk coal mine (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia): systematics, skeletal morphology, variation, relationships and palaeobiogeographic implications" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 20 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2093662. ISSN 1477-2019. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2022.2093662.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Danilov, I. G.; Obraztsova, E. M.; Boitsova, E. A.; Skutschas, P. P. (March 2018). "Diversity of Middle Jurassic Turtles from the Berezovsk Quarry Locality, Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia: Morphology and Histological Study". Paleontological Journal 52 (2): 188–200. doi:10.1134/s0031030118010070. ISSN 0031-0301.
12. ↑ Kuzmin, I.T.; Skutschas, P.P.; Grigorieva, O.I.; Krasnolutskii, S.A. (2013). "Goniopholidid crocodylomorph from the Middle Jurassic Berezovsk Quarry locality ( Western Siberia, Russia).". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 317 (4): 452–458. https://spbu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/goniopholidid-crocodylomorph-from-the-middle-jurassic-berezovsk-q.
13. ↑ Averianov, A. O.; Krasnolutskii, S. A.; Ivantsov, S. V. (2010). "A new basal coelurosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute 314 (1): 42–57. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2010.314.1.42.
14. ↑ O. Averianov, Alexander; Osochnikova, Anastasia; Skutschas, Pavel; Krasnolutskii, Sergei; Schellhorn, Rico; A. Schultz, Julia; Martin, Thomas (2019-09-16). "New data on the tyrannosauroid dinosaur Kileskus from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia, Russia" (in en). Historical Biology 33 (7): 897–903. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1666839. ISSN 0891-2963.
15. ↑ Averianov, Alexander; Krasnolutskii, Sergei; Ivantsov, Stepan; Skutschas, Pavel; Schellhorn, Rico; Schultz, Julia; Martin, Thomas (2019-03-01). "Sauropod remains from the Middle Jurassic Itat Formation of West Siberia, Russia" (in en). PalZ 93 (4): 691–701. doi:10.1007/s12542-018-00445-8. ISSN 0031-0220.
16. ↑ Averianov, A.O.; Krasnolutskii, S.A. (2009). "Stegosaur remains from the Middle Jurassic of West Siberia". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 313 (2): 153–167. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2009.313.2.153. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235805923.
17. ↑ Lopatin, A. V.; Averianov, A. O. (December 2007). "The earliest Asiatic pretribosphenic mammal (Cladotheria, Amphitheriidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia". Doklady Biological Sciences 417 (1): 432–434. doi:10.1134/s0012496607060063. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 18274483.
18. ↑ Averianov, Alexander; Martin, Thomas; Lopatin, Alexey; Krasnolutskii, Sergei (2013-12-22). "Stem therian mammal Amphibetulimus from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89 (2): 197–206. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0217-x. ISSN 0031-0220.
19. ↑ Averianov, Alexander O.; Martin, Thomas; Lopatin, Alexey (2014-06-07). "The oldest dryolestid mammal from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (4): 924–931. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.837471. ISSN 0272-4634.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Averianov, A. A.; Lopatin, A. V.; Krasnolutskii, S. A.; Ivantsov, S. V. (2010). "New docodontians from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia and reanalysis of docodonta interrelationships". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 314 (2): 121–148. doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2010.314.2.121. http://www.zin.ru/journals/trudyzin/doc/vol_314_2/TZ_314_2_Averianov.pdf.
21. ↑ Lopatin, A. V.; Averianov, A. O. (November 2005). "A New Docodont (Docodonta, Mammalia) from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia". Doklady Biological Sciences 405 (1–6): 434–436. doi:10.1007/s10630-005-0158-y. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 16485637. http://doc.rero.ch/record/16174/files/PAL_E3378.pdf.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Averianov, Alexander O.; Martin, Thomas; Lopatin, Alexey V.; Schultz, Julia A.; Schellhorn, Rico; Krasnolutskii, Sergei; Skutschas, Pavel; Ivantsov, Stepan (2019-11-05). "Haramiyidan mammals from the Middle Jurassic of Western Siberia, Russia. Part 1: Shenshouidae and Maiopatagium" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39 (4). doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1669159. ISSN 0272-4634.
23. ↑ A. O. Averianov, A. V. Lopatin and S. A. Krasnolutskii (2011). "The first Haramiyid (Mammalia, Allotheria) from the Jurassic of Russia". Doklady Biological Sciences 437 (1): 103–106. doi:10.1134/S0012496611020074. PMID 21562957.
24. ↑ Averianov, Alexander O.; Martin, Thomas; Lopatin, Alexey V.; Schultz, Julia A.; Skutschas, Pavel P.; Rico, Schellhorn; Krasnolutskii, Sergei A. (2017-09-03). "A tritylodontid synapsid from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia and the taxonomy of derived tritylodontids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 (5). doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1363767. ISSN 0272-4634.
25. ↑ Averianov, A. O.; Lopatin, A. V.; Krasnolutskii, S. A. (2008). "An amphilestid grade eutriconodontan from the Middle Jurassic of Russia". Russian Journal of Theriology 7 (1): 1–4. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.07.1.01. https://spbu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/an-amphilestid-grade-eutriconodontan-from-the-middle-jurassic-of-.
26. ↑ "Kubekovo village (PIN collection 1255)". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=118010.

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