Trigonal prismatic molecular geometry

Examples| W(CH3)6
Point group| D3h
Coordination number| 6
μ (Polarity)| 0

In chemistry, the trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where six atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a triangular prism. The structure commonly occurs for d0, d1 and d2 transition metal complexes with covalently-bound ligands and small charge separation. In d0 complexes it may be ascribed to sd5 hybridization, but in d1 and d2 complexes the dz2 orbital is occupied by nonbonding electron (pair). Furthermore, when unoccupied, said orbital participates in bonding and causes C3v distortion, like in W(CH3)6.

## Examples

Portion of lattice of [Te6](O3SCF3)2. The intra- and inter-triangle Te–Te distances are 2.70 and 3.06 Å, respectively.[1]

Hexamethyltungsten (W(CH3)6) was the first example of a molecular trigonal prismatic complex.[2] The figure shows the six carbon atoms arranged at the vertices of a triangular prism with the tungsten at the centre. The hydrogen atoms are not shown.

Some other transition metals have trigonal prismatic hexamethyl complexes, including both neutral molecules such as Mo(CH3)6 and Re(CH3)6 and ions such as Ta(CH3)−6 and Zr(CH3)2−6.[3]

The complex Mo(S−CH=CH−S)3 is also trigonal prismatic, with each S−CH=CH−S group acting as a bidentate ligand with two sulfur atoms binding the metal atom.[3] Here the coordination geometry of the six sulfur atoms around the molybdenum is similar to that in the extended structure of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2).

## References

1. ↑ Schulz, C.; Daniels, J.; Bredow, T.; Beck, J. (2016). "The Electrochemical Synthesis of Polycationic Clusters". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55 (3): 1173–1177. doi:10.1002/anie.201507644. PMID 26632775. Bibcode: 2016ACIE...55.1173S.
2. ↑ Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 725. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7.

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Molecular geometry (VSEPR)

Coordination number 2|

* Linear
* Bent

Coordination number 3|

* Trigonal planar
* Trigonal pyramidal
* T-shaped

Coordination number 4|

* Tetrahedral
* Square planar
* Seesaw

Coordination number 5|

* Trigonal bipyramidal
* Square pyramidal
* Pentagonal planar

Coordination number 6|

* Octahedral
* Trigonal prismatic
* Pentagonal pyramidal

Coordination number 7|

* Pentagonal bipyramidal
* Capped octahedral
* Capped trigonal prismatic

Coordination number 8|

* Square antiprismatic
* Dodecahedral
* Bicapped trigonal prismatic

Coordination number 9|

* Tricapped trigonal prismatic
* Capped square antiprismatic

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