Solid-state dye lasers

Solid-state dye lasers (SSDL) were introduced in 1967 by Soffer and McFarland.[1] In these solid-state lasers, the gain medium is a laser dye-doped organic matrix such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), rather than a liquid solution of the dye. An example is rhodamine 6G-doped PMMA. These lasers are also referred to as solid-state organic lasers and solid-state dye-doped polymer lasers.

Organic solid-state narrow-linewidth tunable dye laser oscillator[2]

## Contents

* 1 Organic gain media
* 2 High performance solid-state dye laser oscillators
* 3 Distributed feedback and waveguide solid-state dye lasers
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Organic gain media

In the 1990s, new forms of improved PMMA, such as modified PMMA, with high optical quality characteristics were introduced.[3] Gain media research for SSDL has been rather active in the 21st century, and various new dye-doped solid-state organic matrices have been discovered.[4] Notable among these new gain media are organic-inorganic dye-doped polymer-nanoparticle composites.[5][6][7] An additional form of organic-inorganic dye-doped solid-state laser gain media are the ORMOSILs.[7][8]

## High performance solid-state dye laser oscillators

This improved gain medium was central to the demonstration of the first tunable narrow-linewidth solid-state dye laser oscillators, by Duarte,[8] which were later optimized to deliver pulse emission in the kW regime in nearly diffraction limited beams with single-longitudinal-mode laser linewidths of Δν ≈ 350 MHz (or Δλ ≈ 0.0004 nm, at a laser wavelength of 590 nm).[9] These tunable laser oscillators use multiple-prism grating architectures[9] yielding very high intracavity dispersions that can be nicely quantified using the multiple-prism grating equations.[10]

## Distributed feedback and waveguide solid-state dye lasers

Additional developments in solid-state dye lasers were demonstrated with the introduction of distributed feedback laser designs in 1999[11][12] and distributed feedback waveguides in 2002.[13]

## See also

* Dye lasers
* Laser dyes
* Laser linewidth
* Organic laser
* Organic photonics
* Polymer
* Tunable lasers
* Multiple-prism grating laser oscillator

## References

1. ↑ Soffer, B. H.; McFarland, B. B. (1967). "Continuously Tunable, Narrow-Band Organic Dye Lasers". Applied Physics Letters 10 (10): 266. doi:10.1063/1.1754804. Bibcode: 1967ApPhL..10..266S.
2. ↑ Duarte, F. J.; Taylor, T. S.; Costela, A.; Garcia-Moreno, I.; Sastre, R. (1998). "Long-pulse narrow-linewidth dispersive solid-state dye laser oscillator". Applied Optics 37 (18): 3987–3989. doi:10.1364/AO.37.003987. PMID 18273368. Bibcode: 1998ApOpt..37.3987D.
3. ↑ Maslyukov, A.; Sokolov, S.; Kaivola, M.; Nyholm, K.; Popov, S. (1995). "Solid-state dye laser with modified poly(methyl methacrylate)-doped active elements". Applied Optics 34 (9): 1516–1518. doi:10.1364/AO.34.001516. PMID 21037689. Bibcode: 1995ApOpt..34.1516M.
4. ↑ A. J. C. Kuehne and M. C. Gather, Organic Lasers: Recent Developments on Materials, Device Geometries, and Fabrication Techniques, Chem. Rev. 116, 12823-12864 (2016).
5. ↑ Duarte, F. J.; James, R. O. (2003). "Tunable solid-state lasers incorporating dye-doped polymer-nanoparticle gain media". Optics Letters 28 (21): 2088–90. doi:10.1364/OL.28.002088. PMID 14587824. Bibcode: 2003OptL...28.2088D.
6. ↑ Costela, A.; Garcia-Moreno, I.; Sastre, R. (2009). "Solid state dye lasers". in Duarte, F. J. Tunable Laser Applications (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 97–120. ISBN 1-4200-6009-0.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Duarte, F. J.; James, R. O. (2009). "Tunable lasers based on dye-doped polymer gain media incorporating homogeneous distributions of functional nanoparticles". in Duarte, F. J. Tunable Laser Applications (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 121–142. ISBN 1-4200-6009-0.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Duarte, F. J., F. J. (1994). "Solid-state multiple-prism grating dye-laser oscillators". Applied Optics 33 (18): 3857–3860. doi:10.1364/AO.33.003857. PMID 20935726. Bibcode: 1994ApOpt..33.3857D.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Duarte, F. J. (1999). "Multiple-prism grating solid-state dye laser oscillator: optimized architecture". Applied Optics 38 (30): 6347–6349. doi:10.1364/AO.38.006347. PMID 18324163. Bibcode: 1999ApOpt..38.6347D.
10. ↑ Duarte, F. J. (2015). "The physics of multiple-prism optics". Tunable Laser Optics (2nd ed.). New York: CRC Press. pp. 77–100. ISBN 978-1-4822-4529-5.
11. ↑ Wadsworth, W. J.; McKinnie, I. T.; Woolhouse, A. D.; Haskell, T. G. (1999). "Efficient distributed feedback solid state dye laser with a dynamic grating". Applied Physics B 69 (2): 163–169. doi:10.1007/s003400050791. Bibcode: 1999ApPhB..69..163W.
12. ↑ Zhu, X-L; Lam, S-K; Lo, D. (2000). "Distributed-feedback dye-doped solgel silica lasers". Applied Optics 39 (18): 3104–3107. doi:10.1364/AO.39.003104. PMID 18345240. Bibcode: 2000ApOpt..39.3104Z.
13. ↑ Oki, Y.; Miyamoto, S.; Tanaka, M.; Zuo, D.; Maeda, M. (2002). "Long lifetime and high repetition rate operation from distributed feedback plastic waveguided dye lasers". Optics Communications 214 (1–6): 277–283. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)02125-9. Bibcode: 2002OptCo.214..277O.

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