Municipal wireless network

Short description: Wi-fi network provided by local government

Computer network types
by spatial scope

* Nanoscale
* Near-field (NFC)
* Body (BAN)
* Personal (PAN)
* Near-me (NAN)
* Local (LAN)
* Home (HAN)
* Storage (SAN)
* Wireless (WLAN)
* Campus (CAN)
* Backbone
* Metropolitan (MAN)
* Municipal wireless (MWN)
* Wide (WAN)
* Cloud (IAN)
* Internet
* Interplanetary Internet

* v
* t
* e

LinkNYC was announced by New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio in 2014 and will eventually replace the city's network of payphones.

A municipal wireless network is a citywide wireless network. This usually works by providing municipal broadband via Wi-Fi to large parts or all of a municipal area by deploying a wireless mesh network. The typical deployment design uses hundreds of wireless access points deployed outdoors, often on poles. The operator of the network acts as a wireless internet service provider.

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Finance
* 3 Corporate city-wide wireless networks
* 4 Criticism and externalities
* 5 Cities with municipal wireless service
* 5.1 Africa
* 5.2 East Asia
* 5.2.1 China
* 5.2.2 Taiwan
* 5.3 South Asia
* 5.3.1 India
* 5.3.2 Nepal
* 5.3.3 Pakistan
* 5.4 Southeast Asia
* 5.4.1 Cambodia
* 5.4.2 Indonesia
* 5.4.3 Malaysia
* 5.4.4 Philippines
* 5.4.5 Singapore
* 5.4.6 Thailand
* 5.4.7 Vietnam
* 5.5 Europe
* 5.5.1 Austria
* 5.5.2 Belgium
* 5.5.3 Bulgaria
* 5.5.4 Croatia
* 5.5.5 Estonia
* 5.5.6 Finland
* 5.5.7 France
* 5.5.8 Germany
* 5.5.9 Greece
* 5.5.10 Ireland
* 5.5.11 Italy
* 5.5.12 Lithuania
* 5.5.13 Luxembourg
* 5.5.14 Moldova
* 5.5.15 Netherlands
* 5.5.16 Norway
* 5.5.17 Poland
* 5.5.18 Romania
* 5.5.19 Russia
* 5.5.20 Serbia
* 5.5.21 Slovenia
* 5.5.22 Spain
* 5.5.23 Sweden
* 5.5.24 Switzerland
* 5.5.25 Ukraine
* 5.5.26 United Kingdom
* 5.6 North America
* 5.6.1 Canada
* 5.6.2 United States
* 5.6.3 Mexico
* 5.7 Oceania
* 5.8 South America
* 5.9 Planned
* 5.9.1 Africa
* 5.9.2 South Asia
* 5.9.3 Southeast Asia
* 5.9.4 West Asia
* 5.9.5 Europe
* 5.9.6 North America
* 5.9.6.1 United States
* 5.9.7 Oceania
* 5.9.8 South America
* 5.10 Canceled or closed
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Overview

A municipal Wi-Fi antenna in Minneapolis, Minnesota Wireless security cameras on a lamp post deployed by New York City Police Department. They are connected to the municipal NYC Wireless Network (NYCWiN).

Municipal wireless networks go far beyond the existing piggybacking opportunities available near public libraries and some coffee shops. The basic premise of carpeting an area with wireless service in urban centers is that it is more economical to the community to provide the service as a utility rather than to have individual households and businesses pay private firms for such a service. Such networks are capable of enhancing city management and public safety, especially when used directly by city employees in the field. They can also be a social service to those who cannot afford private high-speed services. When the network service is free and a small number of clients consume a majority of the available capacity, operating and regulating the network might prove difficult.[1]

In 2003, Verge Wireless formed an agreement with Tropos Networks to build a municipal wireless networks in the downtown area of Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[2] Carlo MacDonald, the founder of Verge Wireless, suggested that it could provide cities a way to improve economic development and developers to build mobile applications that can make use of faster bandwidth. Verge Wireless built networks for Baton Rouge, New Orleans,[3] and other areas. Some applications include wireless security cameras, police mug shot software, and location-based advertising.

In 2007, some companies with existing cell sites offered high-speed wireless services where the laptop owner purchased a PC card or adapter based on EV-DO cellular data receivers or WiMAX rather than 802.11b/g. A few high-end laptops at that time featured built-in support for these newer protocols. WiMAX is designed to implement a metropolitan area network (MAN) while 802.11 is designed to implement a wireless local area network (LAN). However, the use of cellular networks is expensive for the consumers, as they are often on limited data plans.[4]

In the 2010s larger cities embraced the smart city concept to tackle problems such as traffic congestion, crime, encouraging economic growth, responding to the effects of climate change and improving the delivery of city services. However, by 2018 it has become clear that the private sector could not be relied upon to build up city-wide wireless networks to meet the smart city objectives of municipal governments and public utility providers.[4]

## Finance

## Corporate city-wide wireless networks

Google WiFi is entirely funded by Google. Despite a failed attempt to provide citywide WiFi through a partnership with internet service provider Earthlink in 2007,[5] the company claims that they are working to provide a wireless network for the city of San Francisco, California, although there is no specified completion date.[6] Some other projects that are still in the planning stages have pared back their planned coverage from 100% of a municipal area to only densely commercially zoned areas. One of the most ambitious planned projects is to provide wireless service throughout Silicon Valley, but the winner of the bid seems ready to request that the 40 cities involved help cover more of the cost, which has raised concerns that the project will ultimately be too slow to market to be a success. Advances in technology in 2005–2007 may allow wireless community network projects to offer a viable alternative. Such projects have an advantage in that, as they do not have to negotiate with government entities, they have no contractual obligations for coverage. A promising example is Meraki's demonstration in San Francisco, which already claims 20,000 distinct users as of October 2007. In 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo also provided free wireless to select regions in the United States. Yahoo's free WiFi was made available for one year to the Times Square area in New York City beginning November 10, 2009.[7][8] Microsoft made free WiFi available to select airports and hotels across the United States, in exchange for one search on the Bing search engine by the user.[9]

The City of Adelaide in South Australia in collaboration with the South Australian Government operate a meshed network "Adelaide Free WIFI. For the past five years the network attracts some 8,000 daily users as the networks popularity continues to grow despite the proliferation of 4G technology.

## Criticism and externalities

A volunteer installing a "supernode" of guifi.net. In July 2018 guifi.net had over 35,000 active nodes and about 63,000 km of wireless links.[10]

Municipal wireless networks face opposition from telecommunications providers, particularly in the United States, South Africa, India and the European Union. In the 2000s telecommunications providers argued that it is neither economical nor legal for municipal governments to own or operate such businesses. The dominant type of wireless networks are the private wireless local area networks (WLANs), for which individuals or businesses pay a subscription to a local carrier.[11] In 2006 the US Federal Trade Commission expressed concerns about such private-public partnerships as trending towards a franchise monopoly.[12] Within the United States, providing a municipal wireless network was not recognized as a priority. Some have argued that the benefits of public approach may exceed the costs, similar to cable television. In the early 2010s concerns were articulated that a considerable percentage of the world population did not have access to affordable Internet access. Despite the growing digitalization of business and government services, 37 percent of the European and 22 percent of the North American population did not have affordable access to the Internet in 2009.[13] Because local governments and municipalities in rural economiess either could not fund wireless networks or did not consider it a priority, numerous communities across the world have built and funded autonomous community wireless networks (CWNs), taking advantage of the free 2.4 GHz spectrum and open source software.[11]

The former New York state politician and lobbyist Thomas M. Reynolds argues that unintended externalities are possible as a result of local governments providing Internet service to their constituents. A private service provider could choose to offer limited or no service to a region if that region's largest city opted to provide free Internet service, thus eliminating the potential customer base. The private sector receives no money from taxpayers, so there isn't competition. The lack of competition prevents other municipalities in that region from benefiting from the services of the private provider.[14] The smaller public municipalities would at the same time not benefit from the free service provided by the larger city because it is designed to be subsidized by taxpayers and not concerned about the maximization of profits. The broadband provided by the government isn't largely supported to create an income on top of the private sector not being competed with enough to make a profit. Thus, making both municipal wireless networks anticompetitive.[14]

## Cities with municipal wireless service

In many cases several points or areas are covered, without blanket area coverage.

### Africa

* Gaborone, Botswana - rolling out free Wi-Fi to the whole city.
* Francistown also the city of Botswana has the same initiative.
* Luxor, Egypt - pilot, paid service in tourist areas[15]
* Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt - pilot, paid service, tourist areas, EgyNet[15]
* Johannesburg \- City of Johannesburg is currently[when?] rolling out free Wi-Fi to many suburbs as well as the city center. *Pretoria \- South Africa the City of Tswhane has offered its free Wi-Fi to residents around the City, TshWi-Fi[16]

### East Asia

#### China

Free public WiFi in tourist areas of big cities, railway stations, airports, and governmental facilities in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Kunming, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Foshan, Dalian, Changchun, Qingdao, Yantai, Dongguan, Macau, Huangshan, Hefei, Guiyang, and Guangzhou

* Hong Kong \- most are subscribed, paid services, but free service in selected governmental facilities is also available[17]
* Shanghai \- city network in tourist areas, governmental facilities, and the districts of Jiading, Minhang, Pudong, Songjiang, Baoshan, and Puxi are covered. Public WiFi in various shopping malls, restaurants, stores, along with Pudong Airport, Hongqiao Airport, and all railway stations.
* Beijing \- Citywide network covers most districts, including downtown, along with public WiFi by stores, shopping malls, and restaurants, along with Government Facilities, transportation centers, and Beijing Capital International Airport.
* Tianjin \- Citywide network, along with Tourist areas and railway stations including Tianjin Binhai International Airport
* Harbin - Network in downtown, railway stations, Shopping malls, and Harbin Taiping International Airport
* Shenyang - Railway Stations, Tourist Areas, Shopping malls, and Shenyang Taoxian International Airport
* Shenzhen - Limited to Downtown, Tourist areas, Shopping malls, railway stations, and Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport
* Hangzhou - Downtown WiFi, tourist areas, railway stations, and Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport
* Suzhou - Downtown WiFi, tourist areas, and railway stations.
* Wuxi - Sunan Shuofang International Airport, Downtown, Tourist areas, railway stations, and shopping malls.
* Nanjing - Downtown, along with full district coverage, tourist areas, Railway stations, shopping malls, plazas, and Nanjing Lukou International Airport
* Xi'an - Downtown, tourist areas, railway stations, shopping malls, and Xi'an Xianyang International Airport
* Chengdu - Coverage in many areas, including downtown, plazas, and tourist areas, including Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
* Chongqing \- Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, and Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport
* Fuzhou - Coverage in downtown, railway stations, tourist areas, and Fuzhou Changle International Airport
* Ningbo - Tourist areas, railway stations, tourist areas, and Ningbo Lishe International Airport
* Foshan - Downtown Coverage, Tourist Areas, railway stations, and Foshan Shadi Airport
* Dalian - Downtown Coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, and Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport
* Changchun - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and Changchun Longjia International Airport
* Qingdao - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and Qingdao Liuting International Airport
* Yantai - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and Yantai Penglai International Airport
* Dongguan - Downtown coverage, railway stations, tourist areas, shopping malls, and plazas, including shops, and communities.
* Macau \- Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and Macau International Airport
* Huangshan - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and Huangshan Tunxi International Airport
* Hefei - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and Hefei Xinqiao International Airport
* Guiyang - Downtown Coverage, including transportation centers, tourist areas, shopping malls, and Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport
* Guangzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
* Wuhan \- Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Wuhan Tianhe International Airport
* Jinan - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport
* Ordos - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Ordos Ejin Horo Airport
* Xiamen - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport
* Zhengzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport
* Changsha - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Changsha Huanghua International Airport
* Shijiazhuang - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport
* Nanning - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Nanning Wuxu International Airport
* Luoyang - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Luoyang Beijiao Airport
* Haikou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Haikou Meilan International Airport
* Xuzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Xuzhou Guanyin Airport
* Nanchang - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Nanchang Changbei International Airport
* Changzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Changzhou Benniu Airport
* Guilin - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Guilin Liangjiang International Airport
* Zhuhai - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Zhuhai Jinwan Airport
* Wenzhou \- Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Wenzhou Longwan International Airport
* Tangshan - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Tangshan Sannühe Airport
* Lanzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport
* Xuzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Xuzhou Guanyin Airport
* Changsha - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Changsha Huanghua International Airport
* Tangshan - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Tangshan Sannühe Airport
* Nantong - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Nantong Xingdong Airport
* Taiyuan - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Taiyuan Wusu International Airport
* Shantou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Jieyang Chaoshan International Airport
* Yangzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Yangzhou Taizhou Airport
* Quanzhou - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport
* Kaifeng - Downtown Coverage
* Yichang - Downtown Coverage, tourist areas, transportation centers, shopping malls, and Yichang Sanxia Airport

Nearly all cities have free WiFi coverage, hosted either by their local service carrier, or city government, all railway stations in China have free WiFi, along with all Airports.

#### Taiwan

* Taiwan - iTaiwan, Free wifi covering government office, tourism attractions, transportation service area, constructed by the National Development Council.[18]
* Taipei \- Taipei Free Public Wi-Fi and paid service Wifly by Q-Ware Communications, Inc.[19]

### South Asia

#### India

* Bangalore - free coverage of M.G. Road and Brigade Road.[20]
* Delhi \- free Wi-Fi service in Delhi's Khan Market (August 2014),[21] free WiFi service in Delhi's Connaught Place (November 2014),[22] free Wi-Fi service at New Delhi Railway Station (December 2014)[23]
* Faridabad, India \- paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
* Puducherry, India \- paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats
* Jharkhand, India \- paid Wi-Fi Internet services being deployed by CSC E-governance Services in all Village Gram Panchayats

#### Nepal

#### Pakistan

* Islamabad \- Free PTCL Char G WiFi for Metro Bus, stations and routes.
* Lahore - Free Wifi service in all city.
* Rawalpindi \- Free WiFi Service.
* Multan - Free WiFi Service.
* Karachi \- Free Telenor WiFi

[24] [25]

### Southeast Asia

#### Cambodia

* Phnom Penh \- WiCam, Ltd.[26]

#### Indonesia

* Malang - Indoken Wireless offers roaming connectivity, T-Fi Beta offers connectivity on public transportation, free access at resource centers.[17]

#### Malaysia

* Kuala Lumpur \- free, Wireless@KL covering major commercial areas.[27]
* Kota Kinabalu - free through KK City WiFi starting from 2017 for local residents and tourists. Each user is entitled to 10GB of quota with no time limit every day.[28]

#### Philippines

* Balanga, Bataan - free in downtown and several tourist attractions[29]
* Bogo, Cebu - free WiFi service in most government facilities provided by the city government and ICT Office.[30]
* Calbayog, Samar - downtown area

#### Singapore

* Singapore \- free, Wireless@SG with more than 5,000 hotspots[31]

#### Thailand

#### Vietnam

* Hạ Long[32]
* Hội An[32]
* Da Nang[32]
* Huế[32]

### Europe

#### Austria

* Vienna \- free service around the city through the city lights, at major train stations,[33] and in the Vienna International Airport[34]

#### Belgium

* Brussels - UrbiZone covers some institutions for higher education, administration buildings, and public hospitals.[35]

#### Bulgaria

* Plovdiv \- free throughout the city center and some of the city's outskirts.[36]

#### Croatia

* Samobor - paid & free service by NGO SMBWireless.[37]

#### Estonia

* Tallinn \- Tiigrihüpe free WiFi covers the capital city Tallinn and most of the country.[38]

#### Finland

* Helsinki \- free, city-operated network in the city center[39]

#### France

* Paris \- free in many parks and in municipal libraries, museums, and public places. Some suburbs do as well.[40]

#### Germany

Wi-Fi sign in downtown Munich

* Munich \- several areas downtown
* Stuttgart \- service along the main shopping street Königstraße and a few other locations.[41]
* Karlsruhe \- most of the city center and several areas in the outer skirts.[42]
* Cologne - Most transport hubs, tourist attractions.

#### Greece

* Heraklion \- free, city-operated network, covers major city squares and roads.[43]
* Lagkadas - free, city-operated, covers most of the city and is expanding to cover towns in Lagkadas municipality.[44]

#### Ireland

* Dublin \- free WiFi in areas of the city centre.[45][46]

#### Italy

Wi-Fi sign in Milan

* Bologna - free service in and around the historical city center.[47]
* Comiso - free service in and around the historical city center.[48]
* Milan - free service in and around the historical city center[49] and the Milano Malpensa airport. * Ravenna - throughout the historic center of Ravenna there is a free wi-fi service called "Ravenna WiFi."[50]
* Rome \- The WiFimetropolitano project consists in the installation in squares, libraries and meeting places in the metropolitan area, of WiFi devices for free Internet access.[51]
* Venice, free to residents and city users.[52]
* Trento, free service in and around the historical city centre.[53]

#### Lithuania

#### Luxembourg

* Luxembourg — paid & free service in downtown, Central Station Hotcity and European district.[54]

#### Moldova

* Chişinău - two metropolitan Wi-Fi networks exist: StarNet and Orange. StarNet's paid and free coverage area includes the city's central streets and residential districts as well as parks.[55] Orange paid coverage area includes the city's mass transit areas and bus stops.[56]

#### Netherlands

* Almere - free municipal Wi-Fi covering Downtown Almere [57]
* Hilversum - free municipal Wi-Fi covering Downtown Hilversum [58] and the shopping area around de Gijsbrecht van Amstelstraat in the southern part of town
* Leiden - free, community project covering city and region by Wireless Leiden[59]

#### Norway

* Trondheim \- paid and free service in city centre.[60]

#### Poland

* Rzeszów - free, city-operated in participating public schools.[61]
* Wrocław - free service by Miejski Internet, in few places.[62]

#### Romania

* Brașov, Romania - free WiFi over the entire city deployed into existing 5G network by worldwifizone.com of Ireland, over 40,000 daily users at peak.
* Roman, Romania - free, deployed by Minisoft Romania as part of MetroWireless free internet access project,[63] paid by advertisements, covers much of the city,[64] expanding to nearby villages
* Vatra Dornei, Romania, 85% of city covered with free WiFi deployed by worldwifizone.com using free guest user and Facebook connect.

#### Russia

* Moscow, Russia - MaximaTelecom, award-winning Moscow Metro and public transport public network[65][66]
* Moscow, Russia - paid service, Golden Telecom[67]

#### Serbia

* Zrenjanin, Serbia - free, city center only
* Pančevo, Serbia - free, city center only, with time limit session.

#### Slovenia

* Ljubljana, Slovenia - free for 1 hour, city center only[68]

#### Spain

* Moralzarzal, Spain - free for inscribed citizens, limited time for visitors.[69]
* Madrid, Spain - free and open Wi-Fi on the municipal bus system, EMT.[70]

#### Sweden

* Helsingborg, Sweden - unrestricted, free and city-operated in 220 locations around the town. SSID: Helsingborg[71] Helpdesk: #freewifihbg on most social platforms.
* Lidköping, Sweden - unrestricted, free and commercially operated. Available in town square. SSID: Lidkoping[72]
* Örebro, Sweden \- free, around Järntorget.
* Malmö, Sweden \- free, operated by Pjodd.se, sharing around 65 access points around central town.

#### Switzerland

* Geneva, Switzerland - free, city-operated[73]

#### Ukraine

* Kyiv, Ukraine - free WiFi in certain areas of city centre and Passenger Railway Station. [verification needed]

#### United Kingdom

* Aberdeen - free access across city centre introduced in April 2017.[74]
* Blackpool - free, 1.6 km area around city centre Wireless Blackpool \- Wireless Blackpool Leaflet
* Bristol - free, 3 km area around city centre[75]
* Dundee - free access, limited to the redeveloped waterfront area from July 2018, with plans for wider coverage.[76]
* Edinburgh \- free coverage across the city centre was introduced in summer 2016.[77]
* Fort William - free, town centre.[78]
* Glasgow - free citywide access introduced in Scotland's largest city as part of an initiative called "Urban Wireless" by British Telecom in July 2014.[79]
* Inverness - free, city centre.[80]
* Liverpool - paid service, covering central areas.
* Newcastle, Northern Ireland
* Norwich - free, city center and university, 18-month pilot Openlink (Norwich, UK)
* Sheffield - free, covering the entire city centre; currently under development since December 2017.[81]
* York - free, entire city centre, museums, libraries and universities

### North America

#### Canada

* Fredericton, New Brunswick - free, Fred-e Zone[82]
* Iqaluit, Nunavut - Community Free Access and Paid Service provided by Meshnet, and service of mnemonics.ca[83]
* London, Ontario - free (pilot project) on Dundas Street, provided by London Downtown Business Association[84]
* Mississauga, Ontario - free, Wireless access at Mississauga Libraries, Community Centres, Arenas and select transit stops[85]
* Moncton, New Brunswick - free, Service provided by Red Ball Internet of Moncton. Wireless access available at Arenas and Moncton's Public Library. It was also the first city in Canada to provide wireless internet on its public transportation fleet.
* Montreal, Quebec - free, community supported Ilesansfil[86]
* Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus[87]
* Prince Albert, Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus[87]
* Quebec City, Quebec - free, community supported ZAP Quebec[88]
* Regina, Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus[87]
* Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec - free service in selected parks, municipal buildings and commercial center, provided by ZAP Monteregie[89]
* Saskatoon, Saskatchewan - free, city center and campus[87]
* Sherbrooke, Québec - free, limited to downtown, provided by ZAP Sherbrooke[90]
* Shawinigan, Quebec - free service, limited to downtown. City-operated.
* Stratford, Ontario - paid service, covers entire city.[91]
* Toronto, Ontario - There is a list of free services at the city's ConnectTO [92] website and the Toronto Public Library system for locations throughout the Greater Toronto Area
* Windsor, Ontario- free service for the downtown core provided by the Downtown Windsor Business Improvement Association.[93]

#### United States

* Akron, Ohio: ConnectAkron
* Albany, New York Albanyfreenet[94]
* Albuquerque, New Mexico
* Amherst, Massachusetts - free service in downtown area[95]
* Anderson, Indiana free WiFi[96]
* Arcata, California
* Baldwin, Georgia - free Public WiFi available in select locations.
* Baltimore, Maryland free WiFi
* Bethany Beach, Delaware Beach and Boardwalk free WiFi[97]
* Binghamton, New York - free service,[98]
* Boston, Massachusetts - Wicked Free WiFi available throughout the City of Boston for the public to use
* Brevard County, Florida - free at all County Library Buildings [8]
* Bristol, Virginia[99]
* Burlington, North Carolina - Free public WiFi in select downtown areas.
* Burlington, Vermont - Citywide WiFi hotspots through Burlington Telecom[100]
* Cambridge, Massachusetts - free (pilot), through the Cambridge Public Internet (CPI) Initiative
* Cedar Rapids, Iowa - has Free WiFi Downtown & around the city[101]
* Charleston, South Carolina - free public wi-fi in Marion Square
* Chattanooga, Tennessee - free public WiFi citywide; operated by EPB[99][102]
* Chicago - free public WiFi in many public places; municipally operated; no technical support[103]
* Clearwater Beach, Florida - free service,[104]
* Cleveland, Ohio—free service in the Old Brooklyn neighborhood
* Corpus Christi, Texas - paid service, Earthlink[105]
* Decatur, Georgia - Free WiFi in Downtown Decatur[106]
* Dubuque, Iowa - free, city-operated, provided Mediacom covers downtown area since 2006.
* El Paso, Texas - Free WiFi in Downtown El Paso.[107]
* Englewood, New Jersey - Free ultra fast WiFi throughout almost two miles of downtown Englewood 2014.[108][109]
* Escondido, California - free service in downtown area and Public Library.
* Fenton, Michigan - free or paid service in downtown area and public parks, through Tri-County Wireless, Inc.[110]
* Gerlach, Nevada - Gifted to the public by Black Rock City LLC.
* Greensboro, North Carolina - Free WiFi in Downtown Greensboro, Greensboro Historical Museum, The Depot, and others.[111]
* Harrisburg, North Carolina - free, Time Warner Cable
* Hattiesburg, Mississippi Free WiFi in the downtown area of Front, Main and Pine Streets and the Oaks Cultural District.
* Hollywood, Florida - Johnson Controls, Sling Broadband Wimax deploy municipal Wi-Fi network for wireless automated meter reading (AMR), public safety and free Wi-Fi service for residents. Muni Wireless[Usurped!]
* Houston, Texas - free service in downtown area and selected neighborhoods around the city; free service also available in all Houston Public Library and Harris County Public Library branches[112][113]
* Honolulu, Hawaii - free, Tri-Net Solutions LLC[114]
* Hiawatha Iowa - Has Free WiFi at Public parks & Public Library[115]
* Indianapolis, Indiana -free AT&T WiFi downtown
* Kansas City, Missouri - free WiFi downtown through Sprint/AT&T
* Kennesaw, Georgia - free, City of Kennesaw WiFi - available in city parks and other areas [9]
* Kenosha, Wisconsin - Low Cost Paid WiFi located in Downtown Kenosha, service provided by Infinite Technologies LLC [10][116]
* Kissimmee, Florida - free, Bright House Networks
* Lafayette, Louisiana[99]
* Lawrence, Kansas - free, Lawrence Freenet, not-for-profit company that works in conjunction with the City of Lawrence and local internet providers [11]
* Lenoir City, Tennessee - Paid fiber-optic broadband service by the Lenoir City Utilities Board in collaboration with the Tennessee Valley Authority. Operates in Xnox, Loudon, and Roane counties in Tennessee.
* Leverett, Massachusetts[117]
* Lexington, Kentucky - SSID: "LexingtonPublic" free, originally only for police, firefighters and civil service employees, available along major streets miles outside downtown, available in downtown, East End and Cardinal Hill neighborhoods[118]
* Linden, Michigan - free or paid service in downtown area and public parks, through Tri-County Wireless, Inc.
* Los Lunas, New Mexico [119]
* Longmont, Colorado - Municipal gigabit fiber citywide.[120]
* Madison, Wisconsin - paid, only covers central part of city.
* Marion, Illinois - Free. Initially just the downtown square but plans to expand to Public Safety.[121]
* Maywood, California - Free. Initially just the business corridors, now citywide.
* Minneapolis, Minnesota - paid, USI Wireless[122][123]
* Mountain View, California - free (no longer operating) - Google WiFi
* Naperville, Illinois - free, downtown area only, known as "napernet"
* New York City - LinkNYC began service in 2016; intended to have thousands of stations
* Newton, North Carolina - free, downtown area [12]
* Ocala, Florida - Free, Downtown Square
* Pacifica, California - paid service, PacificaNet[124]
* Palm Bay, Florida - free at City Hall and six parks, Map [13]
* Peachtree City, Georgia - free at two parks and the public library/City Hall plaza -[125]
* Philomath, Oregon - free 300 kbit/s access, paid tiers. Serves city limits: also has APs in downtown Corvallis.
* Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - free downtown 2 hours per day
* Plattsmouth, Nebraska - free in all public buildings (Court House, Public Library, City Hall, Community Center) and Main Street
* Ponca City, Oklahoma - covers the whole city[126]
* Powell, Ohio - Free, covers downtown[127]
* Rochester, Minnesota - Downtown in Peace Plaza, near the Mayo Clinic and University of Minnesota Rochester
* Rockport, Maine[128]
* San Jose, California - Free in downtown area,[129] and in key low resource neighborhoods through the East Side Access partnership with East Side Union High School District[130]
* Santa Clara, California \- Free, outdoors in most areas of the city[131]
* Santa Monica, California - Free, outdoors in most areas of the city[132]
* Skokie, Illinois, - Downtown and park areas[133]
* Southaven, Mississippi - paid service, city-operated, branded as Magnoliawave
* South Bend, Indiana - Free service intended to establish downtown as a meeting place and bridge the digital divide[134][135]
* Spokane, Washington - two free hours/day, paid after.
* Statesville, North Carolina- free access
* Storrs, Connecticut - used for students of The University of Connecticut
* Springfield, Ohio - free, downtown and Clark State Community College campus
* The Dalles, Oregon - free, via Google grant to downtown and key event areas. City-operated.
* Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania - Day pass, monthly service, or even pre-paid wireless data cards are available[136]
* Williamsburg, Virginia - free, limited to Merchants Square
* Winston-Salem, North Carolina - free, limited to downtown. City-operated: no technical support.[137]
* Warwick, Massachusetts - paid service, municipally-operated
* Yazoo City, Mississippi - Paid network. Branded as Yazoo Wireless, Provided by CYTEC
* Yorktown, Indiana - Free, limited to downtown

In addition, a few U.S. states, such as Illinois, Iowa, and Massachusetts, offer free Wi-Fi service at welcome centers and roadside rest areas located along major Interstate highways.

#### Mexico

* Guadalajara, Jalisco - Free, 150 parks and municipal areas. 1 hour continuous connect and 2 hour connection time allowed per day. In operation since 2011. Installation and operation is municipal government funded. A few of the areas are provided with free electrical outlets to charge / use your device.[138]
* Mérida, Yucatán - Free. Most major city parks and other areas. Provided by Axtel and Telmex. Usually also provide standing tables with power outlets. The parks are identified by "parque en linea" (online park) signs and branding of the utility providing the connectivity. The SSID is usually "park en linea".

### Oceania

* Adelaide, Australia - AdelaideFree WiFi is a contiguous network available throughout the CBD, provided by Internode
* Auckland, New Zealand - Citywide network based in all popular areas across Auckland including CBD and Waterfront [14] from Tomizone.
* Brisbane, Australia - in public areas and the Brisbane central business district.
* Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, prepaid access and free 1 hour daily, available at many locations region wide via NOW.[139] * Margaret River, Western Australia, This free public WiFi is provided by Margaret River Rotary Club and covers the main street all the way up to Reuther Park at the corner of Bussell Hwy & Wallcliffe Rd, Margaret River WA 6285.
* Nelson, New Zealand - Public areas within central business district
* Newcastle, Australia - Since 2019, launched free public wifi across eastern parts of the city, allowing residents and visitors to connect to smart poles without a password.[140]
* Perth, Australia - paid, RoamAD-based metro wide coverage in the central business district by metromesh[141] * Wellington, New Zealand - Free WiFi at the Waterfront, central business district & Airport

### South America

* Aparecida, Brazil Free service[142]
* Belo Horizonte, Brazil[143]
* La Plata, Argentina - free, city center only[144]
* Buenos Aires, Argentina - free, without registration, 120 spots for all over the city[145]
* General Lavalle, Argentina - Free service[146]
* Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina - free, without registration, 12 spots for all over the city.[147]
* Sud Mennucci, Brazil—free, limited to downtown. City-operated.
* Medellin, Colombia City-operated free wifi in over 180 locations.
* Miraflores, Lima Peru Free service, various spots over the district. City-operated.

### Planned

#### Africa

* Stellenbosch, South Africa Free service. Town centre online since February 25, 2012. Coverage to be increased to whole town.[148]
* Northpine, South Africa Paid. WISP and media delivery services as well as video surveillance focused on the suburb. Community social portal for information sharing, collaboration and local business partnerships. Proof of concept to be expanded to neighbouring areas.
* Harare, Zimbabwe Available around the city on various hotspots. Provided by ZOL. 1 hour time limit, paid after.

#### South Asia

* Delhi, India \- Delhi Government constituted a Task Force (March 2015) to provide Free Wi-Fi connectivity in Delhi. The new Task Force is a part of Delhi Dialogue Commission (DDC), an advisory body of the Aam Aadmi Party government,[149] Aam Aadmi Party government decide to consult with various stakeholders to implement its pre-poll promise of providing Free Wi-Fi connectivity across the city,[150] Delhi Dialogue Commission (DDC) chaired by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal asks people for suggestions for Free WiFi plan (March 2015)[151]
* Dhaka, Bangladesh Free WiFi is now available in Dhaka Airport Road, Dhanmondi Lake Park, Selected BRTC Buses, Kamlapur Railway Station, Airport Railstation and Dhanmondi Residential Area. The Free WiFi Networks are provided by telecom operators, notably Robi and Aamra. The service is to be rolled out in full Northern Dhaka within December 2018 [152]
* Mumbai, India[153]
* NOIDA, India
* Karachi, Pakistan[154]

#### Southeast Asia

* Makati, Philippines[155]

#### West Asia

* Tel Aviv Downtown and later north part as well.[156]

#### Europe

* Swindon, Wiltshire, UK[157]
* Leicester, UK[158]
* London, UK (London Underground)[159]

#### North America

* Mexico City, Mexico[160][161] free, coupled with new surveillance system (planned 2008)
* Panama[162]
* Tecumseh, Ontario

##### United States

* Oakland County, Michigan - free 128 kbit/s, paid for high speed, Wireless Oakland
* Sacramento, California[163]
* Silicon Valley, California Joint Venture Wireless Project - free, prototyped for Palo Alto and San Carlos by 2008, Silicon Valley Metro Connect.[164]
* St. Louis Park, Minnesota - Set up, but not yet deployed due to contracting disputes.
* Tampa, Florida - Tampabayconnect.net
* Waukesha, Wisconsin[165]

#### Oceania

* Brisbane, Australia[166]
* Canberra, Australia[167]
* Melbourne, Australia[168]
* Ballarat, Australia[169]
* Bendigo, Australia[170]

#### South America

* Jacareí, Brazil[171]
* São José dos Campos, Brazil[172]
* São Paulo, Brazil[173]

### Canceled or closed

* Baton Rouge, United States[174]
* Charleston, South Carolina, United States (on hold)[175][176]
* Dublin, Ireland[177]
* Groningen, Netherlands[178] \- Municipal Wireless network with open service model, covering entire city, first parts operational, 2010–2012 expanding to 54sq km[179]
* MetroFi - free with advertisements, deployed to 10 cities in the western United States, closed in 2008
* Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States[180] \- paid service, Midwest Fiber Networks, target date: March 2008
* New Orleans, Louisiana, United States[181]
* Parramatta, Australia[182]
* Portland, Oregon, United States[183]
* Puerto Montt, Chile
* Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Canada - plans to create paid service to cover the entire Waterloo Region, specifically Kitchener, Ontario, Waterloo, Ontario, Cambridge, Ontario (The "Tri-City Area"), to be provided by Atria Networks, was scrapped in 2011 as Atria has been acquired by Rogers Communications, no explanation was given.[184]
* Riverside, California, United States[185]
* San Francisco, California, United States[186]
* Sydney, Australia[182]
* Tempe, Arizona, United States - paid service, Kite Networks[187]
* Dubrovnik, Croatia - closed when the new mayor took over

## See also

* List of deployed WiMAX networks
* Municipal broadband
* Switched mesh

## References

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2. ↑ "verge wireless to deploy Portland, Michigan wi-fi network with tropos gear". 10 September 2003. http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20030910/wi-fi/verge-wireless-to-deploy-Portland-Michigan-wi-fi-network-with-tropos-gear/.
3. ↑ "Verge Wireless Selects Tropos Networks Gear to Unwire Los Angeles' Pershing Square". Los Angeles. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20041110005311/en/Verge-Wireless-Selects-Tropos-Networks-Gear-Unwire.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Serdar Celebi (1994). Recent Trends in Computational Science and Engineering. BoD - Books on Demand. p. 98. ISBN 9781789231922.
5. ↑ Topolsky, J. (August 6, 2007). "San Francisco pulls the plug on Google / Earthlink's citywide WiFi... for now". https://www.engadget.com/2007-08-06-san-francisco-pulls-the-plug-on-google-earthlinks-citywide-wi.html.
6. ↑ "Google Wifi: Are there plans to bring Google WiFi to any other cities?". https://support.google.com/wifi/bin/answer.py?hl=en&query=other+cities&answer=44367.
7. ↑ Newman, Jared (November 10, 2009). "Free Wi-Fi Wars: Google vs. Microsoft vs. Yahoo". https://www.pcworld.com/article/181852/Free_WiFi_Wars_Google_vs_Microsoft_vs_Yahoo.html.
8. ↑ Yahoo Joins The Free-WiFi Marketing Bandwagon November 9, 2009
9. ↑ Sullivan, Laurie (9 November 2009). "Microsoft Bing Gives WiFi Users Free Search". http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=117007.
10. ↑ "What is guifi.net?". https://guifi.net/en/what_is_guifinet.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Abdelnasser Abdelaal, ed (2013). Social and Economic Effects of Community Wireless Networks and Infrastructures. IGI Global. p. 3. ISBN 9781466629981.
12. ↑ "Should Municipalities Provide Wireless Internet Service? FTC Staff Report Provides Guidance to Promote Competition". 10 October 2006. http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2006/10/muniwireless.shtm.
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26. ↑ "About Us". wicam.com.kh. http://wicam.com.kh/index.php/en/about-us.
27. ↑ "Wireless@KL". http://www.wirelesskl.com/.
28. ↑ DK Ryni Qareena (21 October 2017). "City WiFi benefits locals and tourists". New Sabah Times. http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/19196.
29. ↑ "Home". cityofbalanga. http://www.cityofbalanga.gov.ph/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=249&Itemid=1.
30. ↑ "Facebook-City Government of Bogo". https://www.facebook.com/lgubogo.
31. ↑ "Wireless@SG for Consumers". https://www.imda.gov.sg/programme-listing/Wireless-At-SG/Wireless-at-SG-for-Consumers.
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33. ↑ "OeBB Blog: gratis WLAN am Westbahnhof". http://blog.oebb.at/gratis-wlan-am-wiener-westbahnhof-und-in-wr-neustadt/.
34. ↑ "Flughafen Wien - Passagiere". viennaairport.com. http://www.viennaairport.com/jart/prj3/va/main.jart?rel=en&content-id=1249344074243&reserve-mode=active.
35. ↑ "Urbizone". urbizone.be. http://www.urbizone.be/.
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37. ↑ "Udruga SMBWireless - Više od veze!". smbwireless.hr. https://www.smbwireless.hr/.
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40. ↑ "Mairie de Paris : site officiel de la ville de Paris – Paris.fr". paris.fr. http://www.paris.fr/portail/pratique/Portal.lut?page_id=7799&document_type_id=5&document_id=29274&portlet_id=17981.
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42. ↑ "KA-WLAN > Info". https://www.ka-wlan.de/info.html.
43. ↑ "Ασύρματο Δίκτυο Δήμου Ηρακλείου - Η κινητή σύνδεσή σας στο Διαδίκτυο - Ασύρματο Δίκτυο - e-heraklion - Δήμος Ηρακλείου". heraklion.gr. http://www.heraklion.gr/e-heraklion/e-wireless/e-wireless.html.
44. ↑ "Lagkadas WiFi". http://www.lagadas.gr/wifi/index.html.
45. ↑ "Dublin Free WiFi". http://www.dublincity.ie/main-menu-services-business/dublin-free-wifi.
46. ↑ "Dublin City WiFi map". https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zbOJyf0j8Gh4.kRxWiD5SdN4Q&msa=0.
47. ↑ "Iperbole wireless". Iperbole.bologna.it. http://www.iperbole.bologna.it/wireless/it/iperbole-wireless.
48. ↑ "Wi-FreeCom wi-fi". wi-freecom.it. http://www.wi-freecom.it/.
49. ↑ "OpenWifiMilano". openwifimilano.it. http://info.openwifimilano.it/en/index.aspx.
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52. ↑ "Cittadinanza Digitale". Cittadinanzadigitale.it. http://www.cittadinanzadigitale.it/.
53. ↑ "Rete wifi pubblica e gratuita". comune.tn.it. http://www.comune.trento.it/Progetti/Rete-Wi-fi-pubblica-e-gratuita-Wilma.
54. ↑ "Hotcity". http://www.hotcity.lu/en.
55. ↑ "wifi_starnet". starnet.md. http://www.wifi.starnet.md/.
56. ↑ "Orange Moldova". http://orange.md/?p=1&c=2&sc=251.
57. ↑ "Services Almere Centrum". http://citymall-almere.nl/services.
58. ↑ "Vanaf woensdag gratis wifi centrum Hilversum - Gooisch Nieuws". 9 September 2016. https://gooisch.nieuws.nl/2016/09/09/vanaf-woensdag-gratis-wifi-centrum-hilversum/.
59. ↑ "Proef met gratis Wi-Fi in centrum Leiden". https://sleutelstad.nl/2016/11/22/proef-gratis-wi-fi-centrum-leiden/.
60. ↑ "Trådløse Trondheim". Tradlosetrondheim.no. http://tradlosetrondheim.no/.
61. ↑ "/ Main page". resman.pl. http://www.resman.pl/index.php/en/.
62. ↑ "Miejski Internet". http://www.wroclaw.pl/miejski_internet,1.dhtml.
63. ↑ "MetroWireless Romania, Free Metropolitan Networks". metrowireless.ro. http://www.metrowireless.ro.
64. ↑ "Wireless coverage in Roman, Romania". http://www.metrowireless.ro/images/stories/harta acoperire finala.jpg.
65. ↑ "WBA Awards 2015". Wireless Broadband Alliance. http://awards.wirelessglobalcongress.com/2015-winners/.
66. ↑ "WiFi". Maxima Telecom. http://www.wi-fi.ru/.
67. ↑ "Golden WiFi". goldenwifi.ru. http://www.goldenwifi.ru/en/.
68. ↑ "WiFreeLjubljana". https://www.wifreeljubljana.si/en.
69. ↑ "Red WiFi municipal". Moralzarzaldigital.es. http://www.moralzarzaldigital.es/index.php?id=721.
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71. ↑ "Surfzoner". helsingborg.se. http://kartor.helsingborg.se/wifi/.
72. ↑ Sveriges Radio (8 July 2014). "Lidköping först ut med fritt nätverk". sverigesradio.se. http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=97&artikel=5908876.
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74. ↑ "Aberdeen City Free Wi-Fi". https://www.supanet.com/aberdeen-city-free-wifi-a18366.html.
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81. ↑ "Council unveils plan for free Wi-Fi in Sheffield city centre". https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/council-unveils-plan-for-free-wi-fi-in-sheffield-city-centre-1-8333748.
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85. ↑ "Mississauga.ca - Services Online - Wireless Mississauga: Free WiFi Zone". mississauga.ca. http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/services/wireless.
86. ↑ "Île Sans Fil". ilesansfil.org. http://www.ilesansfil.org/.
87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 [1]
88. ↑ "ZAP Québec". zapquebec.org. http://www.zapquebec.org/.
89. ↑ "ZAP Montérégie". zapmonteregie.org. http://auth.zapmonteregie.org/nodeextra/map.
90. ↑ "Bienvenue chez ZAP". Zapsherbrooke.org. http://www.zapsherbrooke.org/.
91. ↑ "Rhyzome Networks". Rhyzome.ca. http://www.rhyzome.ca/.
92. ↑ Toronto, City of (2023-05-24). "ConnectTO: Free Public Wi-Fi Locations" (in en-CA). City of Toronto. https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accountability-operations-customer-service/long-term-vision-plans-and-strategies/connected-community/internet-connectivity-connectto/connectto-free-public-wifi-locations/.
93. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.downtownwindsor.ca/news_article.php?id=10.
94. ↑ "Albany FreeNet". Web.albanyfreenet.net. http://web.albanyfreenet.net/site/.
95. ↑ "State". govtech.com. http://www.govtech.com/wireless/States-Fastest-Public-Wi-Fi-Now-Live-in-Amherst-Mass.html.
96. ↑ [2]
97. ↑ "Town of Bethany Beach, DE - Official Website". Townofbethanybeach.com. http://www.townofbethanybeach.com/.
98. ↑ "City of Binghamton Downtown WiFi". http://www.cityofbinghamton.com/department.asp?zone=Dept-Economic-Development&pid=12&pm=page.
99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 "In the Slow Lane: Why the U.S. Has Fallen Behind in Internet Speed and Affordability", New York Times, October 30, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/upshot/why-the-us-has-fallen-behind-in-internet-speed-and-affordability.html, retrieved March 2, 2017
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101. ↑ "Cedar Rapids seeks to partner with private sector to build a city Wi-Fi system". http://www.thegazette.com/2013/12/10/cedar-rapids-seeks-to-partner-with-private-sector-to-build-a-city-wi-fi-system.
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104. ↑ "One of the most successful beach tourist free wireless networks implemented and maintained". http://www.beachchamber.com/wifiweb.
105. ↑ "Welcome ccwifinews.com - BlueHost.com". ccwifinews.com. http://www.ccwifinews.com/.
106. ↑ "City of Decatur : Decatur WiFi". decaturga.com. http://www.decaturga.com/city-government/city-departments/administrative-services/technology/decatur-wifi.
107. ↑ [3] 2009
108. ↑ "ackrion Superior Municipal Outdoor Wireless Wi-Fi Solutions". ackrion. https://ackrion.com.
109. ↑ "Downtown Englewood, NJ". downtownenglewood.com. https://downtownenglewood.com/.
110. ↑ Pomares, Alberto (23 September 2011). "Fenton parks and downtown now have free wireless Internet access". Tri County Times. http://www.tctimes.com/news/fenton-parks-and-downtown-now-have-free-wireless-internet-access/article_e588d5a6-e624-11e0-be1d-001cc4c03286.html.
111. ↑ [4] 2014
112. ↑ "Houston WeCAN (Wireless Empowered Community Access Network)". http://www.wecanhouston.org/AboutWecan.
113. ↑ Dwight Silverman (August 18, 2008). "Updated: It lives! City of Houston turns on free downtown Wi-Fi". Houston Chronicle. http://blogs.chron.com/techblog/archives/2008/08/it_lives_city_of_houston_turns_on_free_downto.html.
114. ↑ Nina Wu (October 4, 2007). "Free Wi-Fi boots up in Chinatown". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. http://starbulletin.com/2007/10/04/news/story04.html.
115. ↑ "ImOn launches free Wi-Fi in Hiawatha parks | The Gazette". http://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/business/imon-launches-free-wi-fi-in-hiawatha-parks-20150818.
116. ↑ "Kenosha WiFi". Facebook. 2012-07-27. https://www.facebook.com/pages/Kenosha-WiFi/129463007094147.
117. ↑ "Fiber backbone brings broadband to Western Mass.", Boston Globe, June 12, 2015, https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/06/12/fiber-backbone-bringing-broadband-western-massachusetts/B4rh0BFgkUAso0icAvCJtM/story.html, retrieved June 21, 2017
118. ↑ "Lexington announces free downtown, East End wi-fi". Ace Weekly. 26 October 2010. http://www.aceweekly.com/2010/10/lexington-announces-free-downtown-east-end-wi-fi/.
119. ↑ "Wi-Fi Service". http://www.loslunasnm.gov/196/Wi-Fi-Service.
120. ↑ "City of Longmont, Colorado : NextLight Broadband". http://longmontcolorado.gov/departments/departments-e-m/longmont-power-communications/broadband-service.
121. ↑ "WiFi @ Marion Square now has wifi". Web.dailyrepublicannews.com. http://www.dailyrepublicannews.com/article/20141121/NEWS/141129823.
122. ↑ "Wireless Minneapolis Build Out Schedule & Coverage Map". USI Wireless. http://www.usiwireless.com/service/minneapolis/schedule.htm.
123. ↑ "Wireless Minneapolis". http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/wirelessminneapolis/.
124. ↑ "Pacifica Net". pacificanet.com. http://www.pacificanet.com/.
125. ↑ "Peachtree City, GA - Official Website". Peachtree-city.org. 2012-05-08. http://www.peachtree-city.org/.
126. ↑ "Ponca City, OK - Wi-Fi (Free Wireless Internet)". Poncacityok.gov. http://www.poncacityok.gov/index.aspx?NID=417.
127. ↑ "Powell, OH Wifi". http://www.cityofpowell.us/discoverpowell-wifi.php.
128. ↑ Susan P. Crawford (August 13, 2014), "How Maine Saved the Internet", Bloomberg View (Bloomberg), http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-08-13/how-maine-saved-the-internet, retrieved August 15, 2014
129. ↑ "San Jose launches new free downtown outdoor wireless". March 15, 2013. http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_22792266/san-jose-launches-new-free-downtown-outdoor-wireless.
130. ↑ "San Jose Teams Up with East Side Schools to Close 'Digital Divide'" (in en-US). 2020-05-20. https://www.sanjoseinside.com/news/san-jose-approves-grants-devices-to-close-digital-divide/.
131. ↑ "Santa Clara launches free outdoor Wi-Fi on backs of smart meters". March 23, 2013. http://gigaom.com/2013/03/27/santa-clara-launches-free-outdoor-wi-fi-on-backs-of-smart-meters/.
132. ↑ "Santa Monica City Net Case Study". March 5, 2014. https://muninetworks.org/reports/santa-monica-city-net-case-study/.
133. ↑ "Village of Skokie, Skokie Link WiFi, Skokie, IL". Skokie.org. http://www.skokie.org/SkokieLinkWiFi.cfm.
134. ↑ "South Bend To Get Free Wireless Internet Downtown". 2015-09-22. https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/south-bend-to-get-free-wireless-internet-downtown.
135. ↑ "South Bend to offer free Wi-Fi downtown". http://www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/south-bend-to-offer-free-wi-fi-downtown/article_5ca6be7a-05bb-56de-aab9-927e5b0caf8e.html.
136. ↑ "Wilkes-Barre's Wi-Fi connects city to future". Timesleader.com. http://archives.timesleader.com/2008_11/2008_08_09_Wilkes_Barre_rsquo_s_Wi_Fi_connects_city_to_future_-editorial.html.
137. ↑ "City of Winston-Salem - Discover Winston-Salem". cityofws.org. http://www.cityofws.org/Home/DiscoverWinston-Salem/Articles/WiFi.
138. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.gdllibre.com/mapa.php.
139. ↑ "NOW - wi-fi". http://nownz.co.nz/wi-fi.
140. ↑ "Newcastle becomes latest city to provide free public Wi-Fi" (in en). https://www.govtechreview.com.au/content/gov-tech/news/newcastle-becomes-latest-city-to-provide-free-public-wi-fi-957658760.
141. ↑ "metromesh". https://www.metromesh.com.au/.
142. ↑ Felipe Zmoginski, do Plantão INFO. "INFO Online - Aparecida estréia rede Wi-Fi gratuita - (08/05/2007)". Info.abril.com.br. http://info.abril.com.br/aberto/infonews/052007/08052007-14.shl.
143. ↑ [5] November 11, 2007 - free, need some subscribe at logon on Wi-Fi network. AP in some public places and builds
144. ↑ "Argentina. La Plata ofrece WiFi gratuito y apunta a convertirse en una Ciudad Digital | Moebius Digital | Diseño web | Web Hosting | Argentina". Moebius Digital. 2009-05-07. http://www.moebiusdigital.com.ar/noticias_1211_argentina._la_plata_ofrece_wifi_gratuito_y_apunta_a_convertirse_en_una_ciudad_digital.html.
145. ↑ ""BA WiFi" official site, with map and list (Spanish)". http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/modernizacion/wi-fi-gratis.
146. ↑ "General Lavalle tiene wifi gratis para toda la población - Radio Provincia". http://www.radioprovincia.gba.gov.ar/noticias/general-lavalle-tiene-wifi-gratis-para-toda-la-poblacion/.
147. ↑ "Diseño Web - Creadores Web". https://www.tucomercioweb.com.ar/.
148. ↑ "Free Wi-Fi for Stellenbosch". February 21, 2012. http://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadband/43829-free-wi-fi-for-stellenbosch.html.
149. ↑ "Aam Aadmi Party government sets up WiFi task force in Delhi - DNA India". DNA India. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-aap-government-sets-up-wifi-task-force-in-delhi-2069707.
150. ↑ "Free Wi-Fi in Delhi : AAP to consult with stakeholders - Times of India". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Free-Wi-Fi-in-Delhi-AAP-to-consult-with-stakeholders/articleshow/46555273.cms.
151. ↑ "Delhi's AAP govt asks people for suggestions for the free WiFi plan - Firstpost". Firstpost. http://www.firstpost.com/india/delhis-aap-govt-asks-people-suggestions-free-wifi-plan-2155477.html.
152. ↑ "Dhaka airport road to get digitalised | Dhaka Tribune". 17 February 2017. http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2017/02/17/dhaka-airport-road-get-digitalised/.
153. ↑ "BMC plans WiFi cover for Mumbai - The Times of India". The Times Of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/BMC-plans-WiFi-cover-for-Mumbai/articleshow/21175912.cms.
154. ↑ "Amidst Metro bus fanfare, Sharjeel Memon promises free WiFi for Karachi". Pakistan Herald. http://www.pakistanherald.com/news/6223/05-june-2015/amidst-metro-bus-fanfare(com)-sharjeel-memon-promises-free-wifi-for-karachi.
155. ↑ "Makati eyes becoming PH's first 'Wi-Fi city' - Yahoo! News Philippines". Ph.news.yahoo.com. 2012-07-12. http://ph.news.yahoo.com/makati-eyes-becoming-ph-s-first--wi-fi-city-.html.
156. ↑ Bar Ben Ari. "Tel Aviv to initiate free municipal WiFi pilot". Haaretz.com. https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1164845.html.
157. ↑ "Free public Wi-Fi scheme for town". November 17, 2009. https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/8364159.stm.
158. ↑ Template:Deprecated archive Leicester Mercury, June 24, 2011.
159. ↑ Neate, Rupert (2012-06-01). "London tube stations to get Wi-Fi". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jun/01/london-tube-stations-wi-fi.
160. ↑ "China's ZTE To Build Massive Wi-Fi Network For Mexico City: The Wi-Fi network will connect schools and government offices as well as some 4,000 security cameras". April 3, 2007. https://www.informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=198702130.
161. ↑ "Mexico City explores wireless Internet: Planning hot spots throughout city for 8.7, million residents". April 3, 2007. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17927755.
162. ↑ "Autoridad Nacional para la Innovación Gubernamental". innovacion.gob.pa. http://www.innovacion.gob.pa/.
163. ↑ Smith, Brad (2007-06-22). "Sacramento Goes Wireless". Wireless Week. http://www.wirelessweek.com/Archives/2007/06/Sacramento-Goes-Wireless/.
164. ↑ "Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network Announces Test Cities for Wireless Silicon Valley Initiative". February 14, 2007. Archived on 2007-10-22. Error: If you specify `|archivedate=`, you must also specify `|archiveurl=`. http://www.jointventure.org/inthenews/pressreleases/021407wireless.html.
165. ↑ Epstein, Reid J. (February 3, 2006). "Waukesha could be next city to go Wi-Fi". http://www.jsonline.com/news/wauk/feb06/389874.asp.
166. ↑ "Queensland to give train commuters wireless internet access". http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,28348,25345995-5014239,00.html.
167. ↑ "Free wireless internet for Civic, Canberra". The Sydney Morning Herald. 13 March 2014. http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/government-it/free-wireless-internet-for-civic-canberra-20140313-hvi41.html.
168. ↑ "Victoria's first free public Wi-Fi zones launched at Queen Victoria Market and central Ballarat, Bendigo". The Age. 29 October 2014. http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/victorias-first-free-public-wifi-zones-launched-at-queen-victoria-market-and-central-ballarat-bendigo-20141029-11dn8d.html.
169. ↑ TOM COWIE (13 March 2014). "Ballarat to get free public wi-fi by the end of the year". The Courier. http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/2149740/ballarat-to-get-free-public-wi-fi-by-the-end-of-the-year/.
170. ↑ Fairfax Regional Media (13 March 2014). "Free WI-FI for Bendigo". Bendigo Advertiser. http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/2149186/free-wi-fi-for-bendigo/.
171. ↑ "Região/Jacareí". http://jornal.valeparaibano.com.br/2008/04/03/jac/.
172. ↑ [6]
173. ↑ "Telebrasil - Haddad quer licitação de WiFi este ano, e vai trocar regularização de antenas de celular por oferta de pontos grátis". http://www.telebrasil.org.br/sala-de-imprensa/na-midia/3527-haddad-quer-licitacao-de-wifi-este-ano-e-vai-trocar-regularizacao-de-antenas-de-celular-por-oferta-de-pontos-gratis.
174. ↑ Reily Gregson (30 November 1999). "Verge Wireless to deploy Baton Rouge Wi-Fi network with Tropos gear". RCR Wireless News. http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20030910/wi-fi/verge-wireless-to-deploy-baton-rouge-wi-fi-network-with-tropos-gear/.
175. ↑ "City Initiative: Charleston, South Carolina | MuniWireless: WiFi, LTE, 4G". MuniWireless. 2008-01-03. http://www.muniwireless.com/2008/01/03/city-initiative-charleston-south-carolina/.
176. ↑ Kyle Stock. "City to exit wireless project | The Post and Courier | Charleston SC, News, Sports, Entertainment". The Post and Courier. http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2007/oct/05/city_exit_wireless_project/.
177. ↑ [7] RTÉ reports cancelled Wi-Fi
178. ↑ "Draadloos Groningen BV". draadloosgroningen.nl. https://www.draadloosgroningen.nl.
179. ↑ Draadloos Groningen [@DraadloosGron] (17 November 2010). "Het project Draadloos Groningen zal in zijn huidige opzet worden stopgezet. Zie web site (bit.ly/4F0AqY) voor meer informatie.". https://twitter.com/DraadloosGron/status/4886597895979008.
180. ↑ Trevey, Mick (2007-08-09). "Citywide Wi-Fi Might Not Happen". Local & Regional News (Journal Broadcast Group). http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/9041797.html.
181. ↑ "EarthLink To Shut Down New Orleans' Municipal Wi-Fi - Mobility - Muni Wireless". Informationweek. 2008-04-25. http://www.informationweek.com/news/mobility/muni/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207402189.
182. ↑ 182.0 182.1 "NSW govt dumps plans for free city WiFi". The Age. 2 May 2008. http://news.theage.com.au/national/nsw-govt-dumps-plans-for-free-city-wifi-20080502-2a5t.html.
183. ↑ Rogoway, Mike (January 19, 2010). "Portland set to dismantle, donate abandoned Wi-Fi antennas". The Oregonian. http://blog.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2010/01/portland_set_to_dismantle_dona.html.
184. ↑ "Blanket Wi-Fi plans unplugged in Waterloo Region and Guelph, but growing in Stratford". Local (Waterloo Region Record). 2011-07-21. http://www.therecord.com/news-story/2586282-blanket-wi-fi-plans-unplugged-in-waterloo-region-and-guelph-but-growing-in-stratford/.
185. ↑ "Riverside, California - City of Arts & Innovation - Innovation and Technology". riversideca.gov. https://www.riversideca.gov/it/FreeWi-fi/.
186. ↑ Ben Charny. "San Francisco formally ends citywide Wi-Fi effort". MarketWatch. http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/san-francisco-formally-ends-citywide/story.aspx?guid={CCFE5024-4078-4969-B8B3-A977B076018D}.
187. ↑ "City of Tempe, AZ : WiFi Terms of Service". tempe.gov. http://www.tempe.gov/wifi/.

## External links

* How Municipal WiFi Works at HowStuffWorks

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Internet access

Wired|

* Cable
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* Ethernet
* FTTx
* G.hn
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Wireless PAN|

* Bluetooth
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Wireless LAN|

* Wi-Fi

Long range wireless|

* DECT
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* LTE
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* v
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Telecommunications

History|

* Beacon
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* Data compression
* audio
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* image
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* Digital media
* Internet video
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* Telephone
* The Telephone Cases
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* streaming
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* Wireless revolution

Pioneers|

* Nasir Ahmed
* Edwin Howard Armstrong
* Mohamed M. Atalla
* John Logie Baird
* Paul Baran
* John Bardeen
* Alexander Graham Bell
* Tim Berners-Lee
* Jagadish Chandra Bose
* Walter Houser Brattain
* Vint Cerf
* Claude Chappe
* Yogen Dalal
* Donald Davies
* Lee de Forest
* Philo Farnsworth
* Reginald Fessenden
* Elisha Gray
* Oliver Heaviside
* Erna Schneider Hoover
* Harold Hopkins
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* Bob Kahn
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* Charles K. Kao
* Narinder Singh Kapany
* Hedy Lamarr
* Innocenzo Manzetti
* Guglielmo Marconi
* Robert Metcalfe
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* Jun-ichi Nishizawa
* Radia Perlman
* Alexander Stepanovich Popov
* Johann Philipp Reis
* Claude Shannon
* Henry Sutton
* Nikola Tesla
* Camille Tissot
* Alfred Vail
* Charles Wheatstone
* Vladimir K. Zworykin

Transmission
media|

* Coaxial cable
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* optical fiber
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* Molecular communication
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* wireless
* Transmission line
* data transmission circuit
* telecommunication circuit

Network topology
and switching|

* Bandwidth
* Links
* Nodes
* terminal
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* packet)
* Telephone exchange

Multiplexing|

* Space-division
* Frequency-division
* Time-division
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* Orbital angular-momentum
* Code-division

Networks|

* ARPANET
* BITNET
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