United States House of Representatives elections, 2016

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2016 U.S. House Elections

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Election Date
November 8, 2016

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U.S. Senate Elections by State
Battlegrounds • Primaries
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maryland • Missouri • Nevada • New Hampshire • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • South Carolina • South Dakota • Utah • Vermont • Washington • Wisconsin

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U.S. House Elections by State
Battlegrounds • Primaries
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Elections to the U.S. House were held on November 8, 2016. All 435 seats were up for election. Additionally, there were three special elections to fill the final two months of vacancies that were created during the 114th United States Congress.

Despite losing several seats in the chamber, the Republican Party had a strong night in the House. Republicans preserved their majority and only lost a net six seats, resulting in a 241-194 majority. It was never likely that Democrats would retake the chamber; however, double-digit gains in the House were predicted.

Although it was unlikely for Democrats to retake the House, the possibility had been discussed prior to the election. In order to flip control of the chamber, the Democratic Party would have needed to pick up 30 seats. Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated 23 races as battlegrounds and an additional 14 as races to watch. If Democrats had won every one of those 37 races and lost no other seats, they would have just hit the 30 seats required to retake the chamber. As expected, the Republican Party easily held the chamber.[1][2][3]

The coinciding presidential election had a significant impact on the elections for U.S. House. Presidential election years lead to increased voter interest and turnout, which has an effect all the way down the ballot. In the past decade, presidential elections have led to Democratic gains in the U.S. House, while midterms have helped Republicans. [1] Presidential elections also tend to result in smaller changes to House partisan balance than midterms. The last two presidential elections saw gains of only eight and 24 seats for Democrats, while the last two midterms resulted in Republican gains of 13 and 64 seats.

HIGHLIGHTS

* The Democratic Party gained six seats in 2016, resulting in a 241-194 majority for the Republican Party.

* Eight of the 23 battleground districts flipped partisan control in 2016. Four other seats flipped as a result of redistricting.

* Incumbents did very well in 2016. A total of 380 of the 393 House incumbents seeking re-election won, resulting in an incumbency re-election rate of 96.7%. The average margin of victory in U.S. House races was 37.1 percent.

## Contents

* 1 Election results
* 1.1 Battlegrounds
* 1.2 Expected seat changes
* 1.3 Defeated incumbents
* 1.4 Margin of victory
* 2 Popular vote by party and state
* 3 Retired incumbents
* 3.1 Incumbents who sought higher office
* 3.1.1 U.S. Senate
* 3.1.2 Governor
* 4 Battleground races
* 4.1 Race ratings
* 5 Primary competitiveness
* 5.1 Defeated incumbents
* 5.1.1 Chaka Fattah
* 5.1.2 Renee Ellmers
* 5.1.3 Randy Forbes
* 5.1.4 Tim Huelskamp
* 5.1.5 Corrine Brown
* 6 Presidential coattails
* 7 Presidential impact
* 7.1 Could Democrats have reclaimed the House?
* 8 Committees
* 8.1 NRCC targets
* 8.1.1 Patriot Program
* 8.1.2 Young Guns
* 8.2 DCCC
* 8.2.1 DCCC Frontline
* 8.2.2 Red to Blue
* 8.3 Campaign finance
* 8.3.1 DCCC and NRCC
* 8.3.1.1 Prior elections
* 9 Campaign issues
* 9.1 Presidential race
* 9.2 Compromise
* 9.3 Affordable Care Act
* 9.4 Supreme Court and judiciary
* 9.5 Immigration
* 9.6 Iran nuclear deal
* 10 Special elections
* 11 Filing deadlines by state
* 11.1 See also
* 11.2 Footnotes

## Election results[edit]

Prior to the election, The Republican Party had the majority in the U.S. House. Republicans held 246 seats compared to Democrats' 186 seats, while three seats were vacant. The Republican Party's majority was slightly reduced in 2016, as Democrats picked up six seats.

U.S. House Partisan Breakdown

Party  | As of November 2016  | After the 2016 Election
| Democratic Party | 186  | 194
| Republican Party | 246 | 241
| Vacant  | 3  | 0
Total |  435 |  435

### Battlegrounds[edit]

This table shows what happened in each of the 23 House battleground races.

United States House Battleground Results

District  | Incumbent  | Winner  | Partisan switch?  | Margin of victory
Arizona's 1st |  Ann Kirkpatrick |  Tom O'Halleran | No | 7.3%
California's 7th  |  Ami Bera |  Ami Bera | No | 2.3%
California's 25th  |  Stephen Knight |  Stephen Knight | No | 6.3%
California's 49th  |  Darrell Issa |  Darrell Issa | No | 0.5%
Colorado's 6th  |  Mike Coffman |  Mike Coffman | No | 8.3%
Florida's 7th  |  John Mica |  Stephanie Murphy | Yes | 3%
Florida's 18th  |  Patrick Murphy |  Brian Mast | Yes | 10.5%
Florida's 26th  |  Carlos Curbelo |  Carlos Curbelo | No | 11.8%
Illinois' 10th  |  Robert Dold |  Brad Schneider | Yes | 5.2%
Iowa's 1st  |  Rod Blum |  Rod Blum | No | 7.7%
Maine's 2nd  |  Bruce Poliquin |  Bruce Poliquin | No | 9.6%
Michigan's 1st |  Dan Benishek |  Jack Bergman | No | 14.8%
Minnesota's 2nd  |  John Kline |  Jason Lewis | No | 1.8%
Nebraska's 2nd  |  Brad Ashford |  Don Bacon | Yes | 1.2%
Nevada's 3rd  |  Joe Heck |  Jacky Rosen | Yes | 1.3%
Nevada's 4th  |  Cresent Hardy |  Ruben Kihuen | Yes | 4%
New Hampshire's 1st |  Frank Guinta |  Carol Shea-Porter | Yes | 1.3%
New Jersey's 5th  |  Scott Garrett |  Josh Gottheimer | Yes | 4.4%
New York's 19th  |  Chris Gibson |  John Faso | No | 8.6%
New York's 22nd  |  Richard Hanna |  Claudia Tenney | No | 5.5%
Pennsylvania's 8th  |  Michael G. Fitzpatrick |  Brian Fitzpatrick | No | 8.9%
Texas' 23rd  |  Will Hurd |  Will Hurd | No | 1.3%
Virginia's 10th  |  Barbara Comstock |  Barbara Comstock | No | 5.8%

### Expected seat changes[edit]

These are districts where a change in party was expected due to court-ordered redistricting that occurred earlier in the election cycle. These races were not rated as battlegrounds because they were likely to flip control.

United States House Redistricting Flips

District  | Incumbent  | Winner  | Partisan switch?
Florida's 2nd |  Gwen Graham |  Neal Dunn | Yes
Florida's 10th |  Daniel Webster |  Val Demings | Yes
Florida's 13th |  David Jolly |  Charlie Crist | Yes
Virginia's 4th |  Randy Forbes |  Donald McEachin | Yes

### Defeated incumbents[edit]

The following table shows the incumbents who sought re-election but were defeated in the general election.

United States House Defeated Incumbents

District  | Incumbent  | Winner  | Partisan switch?
California's 17th |  Mike Honda |  Ro Khanna | No
Florida's 7th |  John Mica |  Stephanie Murphy | Yes
Florida's 13th |  David Jolly |  Charlie Crist | Yes
Illinois' 10th |  Robert Dold |  Brad Schneider | Yes
Nebraska's 2nd |  Brad Ashford |  Don Bacon | Yes
Nevada's 4th |  Cresent Hardy |  Ruben Kihuen | Yes
New Hampshire's 1st |  Frank Guinta |  Carol Shea-Porter | Yes
New Jersey's 5th |  Scott Garrett |  Josh Gottheimer | Yes

### Margin of victory[edit]

The margin of victory for each race is calculated by examining the percentage difference between the two candidates who received the most votes. If the race was uncontested, the margin of victory is listed as 100%. Some quick facts:

* The average margin of victory was 36.6 percent. This is very close to the average of 35.8 percent in 2014.
* The average margin of victory in battleground races was 5.71 percent.
* On average, Republicans won by significantly smaller margins than Democrats. The average MOV for victorious Democrats was 41.54 percent, while Republican victors averaged a MOV of 33.51 percent.
* The closest race was in California's 49th Congressional District, where incumbent Darrell Issa (R) defeated Douglas Applegate (D) by 0.5 percent of the vote.

The following table displays the closest House races in the country in 2016.

United States House Closest Races

District  | Winner  | Margin of Victory  | Total Vote  | Top Opponent
California District 49 |  Darrell Issa | 0.5% | 310,155 | Douglas Applegate
Minnesota District 8 |  Rick Nolan | 0.6% | 356,979 | Stewart Mills
Minnesota District 1 |  Tim Walz | 0.8% | 335,877 | Jim Hagedorn
Nebraska District 2 |  Don Bacon | 1.2% | 288,308 | Brad Ashford
Nevada District 3 |  Jacky Rosen | 1.3% | 310,963 | Danny Tarkanian
New Hampshire District 1 |  Carol Shea-Porter | 1.3% | 365,572 | Frank Guinta
Texas District 23 |  Will Hurd | 1.3% | 228,965 | Pete Gallego
Minnesota District 2 |  Jason Lewis | 1.8% | 370,514 | Angie Craig
California District 7 |  Ami Bera | 2.3% | 297,301 | Scott Jones
Florida District 7 |  Stephanie Murphy | 3% | 353,655 | John Mica
California District 10 |  Jeff Denham | 3.4% | 241,141 | Michael Eggman
Florida District 13 |  Charlie Crist | 3.8% | 355,842 | David Jolly
Nevada District 4 |  Ruben Kihuen | 4% | 265,846 | Cresent Hardy
California District 44 |  Nanette Barragan | 4.4% | 178,413 | Isadore Hall
New Hampshire District 2 |  Annie Kuster | 4.4% | 350,272 | Jim Lawrence
New Jersey District 5 |  Josh Gottheimer | 4.4% | 337,701 | Scott Garrett
Minnesota District 7 |  Collin Peterson | 5% | 330,848 | Dave Hughes

Margin of victory data for all 435 House races is displayed in the following table.

United States House Margin of Victory

District  | Winner  | Margin of Victory  | Total Vote  | Top Opponent
Alabama District 1 |  Bradley Byrne | 92.8% | 215,893 | Write-in
Alabama District 2 |  Martha Roby | 8.2% | 276,584 | Nathan Mathis
Alabama District 3 |  Mike Rogers | 34% | 287,104 | Jesse Smith
Alabama District 4 |  Robert Aderholt | 97.1% | 239,444 | Write-in
Alabama District 5 |  Mo Brooks | 33.5% | 308,326 | Will Boyd
Alabama District 6 |  Gary Palmer | 49.1% | 329,306 | David Putman
Alabama District 7 |  Terri Sewell | 96.8% | 233,028 | Write-in
Alaska's At-Large District |  Don Young | 14.3% | 308,198 | Steve Lindbeck
Arizona District 1 |  Tom O'Halleran | 7.3% | 280,710 | Paul Babeu
Arizona District 2 |  Martha McSally | 13.9% | 315,679 | Matt Heinz
Arizona District 3 |  Raul Grijalva | 97.3% | 151,035 | Write-in
Arizona District 4 |  Paul Gosar | 42.9% | 284,783 | Mikel Weisser
Arizona District 5 |  Andy Biggs | 28.2% | 320,124 | Talia Fuentes
Arizona District 6 |  David Schweikert | 24.3% | 324,444 | John Williamson
Arizona District 7 |  Ruben Gallego | 50.5% | 158,811 | Eve Nunez
Arizona District 8 |  Trent Franks | 37.1% | 298,971 | Mark Salazar
Arizona District 9 |  Kyrsten Sinema | 21.9% | 277,507 | Dave Giles
Arkansas District 1 |  Rick Crawford | 52.6% | 241,047 | Mark West
Arkansas District 2 |  French Hill | 21.5% | 302,464 | Dianne Curry
Arkansas District 3 |  Steve Womack | 54.6% | 280,907 | Steve Isaacson
Arkansas District 4 |  Bruce Westerman | 49.8% | 244,159 | Kerry Hicks
California District 10 |  Jeff Denham | 3.4% | 241,141 | Michael Eggman
California District 11 |  Mark DeSaulnier | 44.1% | 298,209 | Roger Petersen
California District 12 |  Nancy Pelosi | 61.7% | 338,845 | Preston Picus
California District 13 |  Barbara Lee | 81.6% | 322,871 | Sue Caro
California District 14 |  Jackie Speier | 61.7% | 286,447 | Angel Cardenas
California District 15 |  Eric Swalwell | 47.5% | 269,197 | Danny Turner
California District 16 |  Jim Costa | 16.1% | 167,956 | Johnny Tacherra
California District 17 |  Ro Khanna | 22% | 233,192 | Mike Honda
California District 18 |  Anna Eshoo | 42.3% | 323,930 | Richard Fox
California District 19 |  Zoe Lofgren | 47.9% | 245,863 | G. Burt Lancaster
California District 1 |  Doug LaMalfa | 18.1% | 314,036 | Jim Reed
California District 20 |  Jimmy Panetta | 41.5% | 255,791 | Casey Lucius
California District 21 |  David Valadao | 13.5% | 132,408 | Emilio Huerta
California District 22 |  Devin Nunes | 35.1% | 234,966 | Louie Campos
California District 23 |  Kevin McCarthy | 38.4% | 241,584 | Wendy Reed
California District 24 |  Salud Carbajal | 6.8% | 310,814 | Justin Fareed
California District 25 |  Stephen Knight | 6.3% | 261,161 | Bryan Caforio
California District 26 |  Julia Brownley | 20.8% | 280,307 | Rafael Dagnesses
California District 27 |  Judy Chu | 34.8% | 250,632 | Jack Orswell
California District 28 |  Adam Schiff | 56% | 270,409 | Lenore Solis
California District 29 |  Tony Cardenas | 49.5% | 171,824 | Richard Alarcon
California District 2 |  Jared Huffman | 53.7% | 330,766 | Dale Mensing
California District 30 |  Brad Sherman | 45.3% | 282,604 | Mark Reed
California District 31 |  Pete Aguilar | 12.1% | 215,936 | Paul Chabot
California District 32 |  Grace Napolitano | 23.1% | 186,646 | Roger Hernandez
California District 33 |  Ted Lieu | 32.9% | 330,219 | Kenneth Wright
California District 34 |  Xavier Becerra | 54.4% | 159,156 | Adrienne Nicole Edwards
California District 35 |  Norma Torres | 44.8% | 171,353 | Tyler Fischella
California District 36 |  Raul Ruiz | 24.1% | 232,617 | Jeff Stone
California District 37 |  Karen Bass | 62.3% | 237,272 | Chris Blake Wiggins
California District 38 |  Linda Sanchez | 41% | 232,114 | Ryan Downing
California District 39 |  Edward Royce | 14.5% | 263,456 | Brett Murdock
California District 3 |  John Garamendi | 18.7% | 256,966 | Eugene Cleek
California District 40 |  Lucille Roybal-Allard | 62.3% | 131,297 | Roman Gonzalez
California District 41 |  Mark Takano | 29.9% | 197,323 | Doug Shepherd
California District 42 |  Ken Calvert | 17.6% | 254,236 | Tim Sheridan
California District 43 |  Maxine Waters | 52.2% | 219,516 | Omar Navarro
California District 44 |  Nanette Barragan | 4.4% | 178,413 | Isadore Hall
California District 45 |  Mimi Walters | 17.1% | 311,849 | Ron Varasteh
California District 46 |  Lou Correa | 40% | 164,593 | Bao Nguyen
California District 47 |  Alan Lowenthal | 27.4% | 242,868 | Andy Whallon
California District 48 |  Dana Rohrabacher | 16.6% | 306,416 | Suzanne Savary
California District 49 |  Darrell Issa | 0.5% | 310,155 | Douglas Applegate
California District 4 |  Tom McClintock | 25.4% | 350,978 | Bob Derlet
California District 50 |  Duncan Hunter | 26.9% | 283,583 | Patrick Malloy
California District 51 |  Juan Vargas | 45.5% | 199,524 | Juan Hidalgo Jr.
California District 52 |  Scott Peters | 13.1% | 320,656 | Denise Gitsham
California District 53 |  Susan Davis | 34% | 296,956 | James Veltmeyer
California District 5 |  Mike Thompson | 53.7% | 292,091 | Carlos Santamaria
California District 6 |  Doris Matsui | 50.9% | 235,413 | Robert Evans
California District 7 |  Ami Bera | 2.3% | 297,301 | Scott Jones
California District 8 |  Paul Cook | 24.5% | 220,007 | Rita Ramirez
California District 9 |  Jerry McNerney | 14.7% | 232,155 | Antonio Amador
Colorado District 1 |  Diana DeGette | 40.2% | 379,036 | Casper Stockham
Colorado District 2 |  Jared Polis | 19.7% | 457,312 | Nicholas Morse
Colorado District 3 |  Scott Tipton | 14.3% | 374,037 | Gail Schwartz
Colorado District 4 |  Ken Buck | 31.9% | 390,633 | Bob Seay
Colorado District 5 |  Doug Lamborn | 31.4% | 361,993 | Misty Plowright
Colorado District 6 |  Mike Coffman | 8.3% | 376,417 | Morgan Carroll
Colorado District 7 |  Ed Perlmutter | 15.4% | 362,010 | George Athanasopoulos
Connecticut District 1 |  John Larson | 30.4% | 312,925 | Matthew Corey
Connecticut District 2 |  Joe Courtney | 29.6% | 330,257 | Daria Novak
Connecticut District 3 |  Rosa DeLauro | 38.1% | 309,379 | Angel Cadena
Connecticut District 4 |  Jim Himes | 19.8% | 313,540 | John Shaban
Connecticut District 5 |  Elizabeth Esty | 16% | 309,082 | Clay Cope
Delaware's At-Large District |  Lisa Blunt Rochester | 14.6% | 420,617 | Hans Reigle
Florida District 10 |  Val Demings | 29.7% | 305,989 | Thuy Lowe
Florida District 11 |  Daniel Webster | 33.8% | 394,719 | Dave Koller
Florida District 12 |  Gus Bilirakis | 37.2% | 369,669 | Robert Tager
Florida District 13 |  Charlie Crist | 3.8% | 355,842 | David Jolly
Florida District 14 |  Kathy Castor | 23.6% | 316,877 | Christine Quinn
Florida District 15 |  Dennis Ross | 14.9% | 318,474 | Jim Lange
Florida District 16 |  Vern Buchanan | 19.5% | 385,916 | Jan Schneider
Florida District 17 |  Thomas Rooney | 27.6% | 338,675 | April Freeman
Florida District 18 |  Brian Mast | 10.5% | 375,918 | Randy Perkins
Florida District 19 |  Francis Rooney | 31.8% | 363,166 | Robert Neeld
Florida District 1 |  Matt Gaetz | 38.2% | 369,186 | Steven Specht
Florida District 20 |  Alcee Hastings | 60.6% | 277,560 | Gary Stein
Florida District 21 |  Lois Frankel | 27.6% | 335,861 | Paul Spain
Florida District 22 |  Ted Deutch | 17.9% | 337,850 | Andrea Leigh McGee
Florida District 23 |  Debbie Wasserman Schultz | 16.2% | 323,120 | Joe Kaufman
Florida District 24 |  Frederica Wilson | 100% | N/A | Unopposed
Florida District 25 |  Mario Diaz-Balart | 24.7% | 253,240 | Alina Valdes
Florida District 26 |  Carlos Curbelo | 11.8% | 280,542 | Joe Garcia
Florida District 27 |  Ileana Ros-Lehtinen | 9.8% | 287,677 | Scott Fuhrman
Florida District 2 |  Neal Dunn | 37.4% | 343,362 | Walter Dartland
Florida District 3 |  Ted Yoho | 16.8% | 342,700 | Kenneth McGurn
Florida District 4 |  John Rutherford | 42.6% | 409,662 | David Bruderly
Florida District 5 |  Al Lawson | 28.5% | 302,874 | Glo Smith
Florida District 6 |  Ron DeSantis | 17.1% | 364,570 | William McCullough
Florida District 7 |  Stephanie Murphy | 3% | 353,655 | John Mica
Florida District 8 |  Bill Posey | 30.6% | 390,561 | Corry Westbrook
Florida District 9 |  Darren Soto | 15% | 339,761 | Wayne Liebnitzky
Georgia District 10 |  Jody Hice | 100% | 243,725 | Unopposed
Georgia District 11 |  Barry Loudermilk | 34.8% | 323,318 | Don Wilson
Georgia District 12 |  Rick Allen | 23.2% | 258,912 | Tricia Carpenter McCracken
Georgia District 13 |  David Scott | 100% | 252,833 | Unopposed
Georgia District 14 |  Tom Graves | 100% | 216,743 | Unopposed
Georgia District 1 |  Earl "Buddy" Carter | 100% | 210,243 | Unopposed
Georgia District 2 |  Sanford Bishop, Jr. | 22.5% | 242,599 | Greg Duke
Georgia District 3 |  Drew Ferguson | 36.7% | 303,187 | Angela Pendley
Georgia District 4 |  Hank Johnson | 51.4% | 290,739 | Victor Armendariz
Georgia District 5 |  John Lewis | 68.9% | 300,549 | Douglas Bell
Georgia District 6 |  Tom Price | 23.4% | 326,005 | Rodney Stooksbury
Georgia District 7 |  Rob Woodall | 20.8% | 288,301 | Rashid Malik
Georgia District 8 |  Austin Scott | 35.3% | 257,208 | James Neal Harris
Georgia District 9 |  Doug Collins | 100% | 256,535 | Unopposed
Hawaii District 1 |  Colleen Hanabusa | 49.2% | 202,357 | Shirlene Ostrov
Hawaii District 2 |  Tulsi Gabbard | 62.3% | 210,516 | Angela Aulani Kaaihue
Idaho District 1 |  Raul Labrador | 36.4% | 355,357 | James Piotrowski
Idaho District 2 |  Michael Simpson | 33.5% | 326,237 | Jennifer Martinez
Illinois District 10 |  Brad Schneider | 5.2% | 285,996 | Robert Dold
Illinois District 11 |  Bill Foster | 20.9% | 275,573 | Tonia Khouri
Illinois District 12 |  Mike Bost | 14.6% | 313,002 | C.J. Baricevic
Illinois District 13 |  Rodney Davis | 19.3% | 314,394 | Mark Wicklund
Illinois District 14 |  Randy Hultgren | 18.6% | 338,097 | Jim Walz
Illinois District 15 |  John Shimkus | 100% | 274,554 | Unopposed
Illinois District 16 |  Adam Kinzinger | 99.9% | 259,853 | Write-in
Illinois District 17 |  Cheri Bustos | 20.6% | 287,068 | Patrick Harlan
Illinois District 18 |  Darin LaHood | 44.3% | 347,283 | Junius Rodriguez
Illinois District 1 |  Bobby Rush | 48.2% | 315,862 | August (O'Neill) Deuser
Illinois District 2 |  Robin Kelly | 59.6% | 294,522 | John Morrow
Illinois District 3 |  Daniel Lipinski | 99.9% | 225,411 | Write-in
Illinois District 4 |  Luis Gutierrez | 100% | 171,297 | Unopposed
Illinois District 5 |  Mike Quigley | 40.4% | 313,724 | Vince Kolber
Illinois District 6 |  Peter Roskam | 18.4% | 352,146 | Amanda Howland
Illinois District 7 |  Danny K. Davis | 68.5% | 297,466 | Jeffrey Leef
Illinois District 8 |  Raja Krishnamoorthi | 16.6% | 248,571 | Pete DiCianni
Illinois District 9 |  Janice Schakowsky | 33% | 326,948 | Joan McCarthy Lasonde
Indiana District 1 |  Peter Visclosky | 63% | 254,583 | Donna Dunn
Indiana District 2 |  Jackie Walorski | 22.3% | 277,357 | Lynn Coleman
Indiana District 3 |  Jim Banks | 47.1% | 287,247 | Tommy Schrader
Indiana District 4 |  Todd Rokita | 34.1% | 299,434 | John Dale
Indiana District 5 |  Susan Brooks | 27.2% | 361,135 | Angela Demaree
Indiana District 6 |  Luke Messer | 42.4% | 296,385 | Barry Welsh
Indiana District 7 |  André Carson | 24.3% | 264,670 | Catherine Ping
Indiana District 8 |  Larry Bucshon | 32% | 294,713 | Ron Drake
Indiana District 9 |  Trey Hollingsworth | 13.7% | 322,843 | Shelli Yoder
Iowa District 1 |  Rod Blum | 7.7% | 384,977 | Monica Vernon
Iowa District 2 |  Dave Loebsack | 7.5% | 370,032 | Christopher Peters
Iowa District 3 |  David Young | 13.7% | 390,287 | Jim Mowrer
Iowa District 4 |  Steve King | 22.6% | 370,259 | Kim Weaver
Kansas District 1 |  Roger Marshall | 39.6% | 257,971 | Kerry Burt
Kansas District 2 |  Lynn Jenkins | 28.4% | 297,401 | Britani Potter
Kansas District 3 |  Kevin Yoder | 10.7% | 343,113 | Jay Sidie
Kansas District 4 |  Mike Pompeo | 31.1% | 275,251 | Daniel Giroux
Kentucky District 1 |  James Comer | 45.2% | 299,001 | Sam Gaskins
Kentucky District 2 |  Brett Guthrie | 100% | 251,825 | Unopposed
Kentucky District 3 |  John Yarmuth | 27% | 334,494 | Harold Bratcher
Kentucky District 4 |  Thomas Massie | 42.6% | 327,987 | Calvin Sidle
Kentucky District 5 |  Hal Rogers | 100% | 221,242 | Unopposed
Kentucky District 6 |  Andy Barr | 22.2% | 330,827 | Nancy Jo Kemper
Louisiana District 1 |  Steve Scalise | 61.8% | 326,788 | Lee Ann Dugas
Louisiana District 2 |  Cedric Richmond | 49.7% | 284,269 | Kip Holden
Louisiana District 3 |  Clay Higgins | 12.2% | 138,433 | Scott Angelle
Louisiana District 4 |  Mike Johnson | 30.5% | 133,949 | Marshall Jones
Louisiana District 5 |  Ralph Abraham | 63.1% | 255,662 | Billy Burkette
Louisiana District 6 |  Garret Graves | 47.8% | 331,098 | Richard Lieberman
Maine District 1 |  Chellie Pingree | 16% | 392,391 | Mark Holbrook
Maine District 2 |  Bruce Poliquin | 9.6% | 352,183 | Emily Ann Cain
Maryland District 1 |  Andy Harris | 38.4% | 362,097 | Joe Werner
Maryland District 2 |  Dutch Ruppersberger | 29% | 309,480 | Pat McDonough
Maryland District 3 |  John Sarbanes | 29.3% | 339,675 | Mark Plaster
Maryland District 4 |  Anthony Brown | 52.7% | 320,650 | George McDermott
Maryland District 5 |  Steny Hoyer | 38% | 360,634 | Mark Arness
Maryland District 6 |  John Delaney | 15.9% | 331,973 | Amie Hoeber
Maryland District 7 |  Elijah Cummings | 53.1% | 318,912 | Corrogan Vaughn
Maryland District 8 |  Jamie Raskin | 26.4% | 364,324 | Dan Cox
Massachusetts District 1 |  Richard Neal | 55.5% | 321,539 | Frederick Mayock
Massachusetts District 2 |  Jim McGovern | 96.5% | 280,411 | Write-in
Massachusetts District 3 |  Niki Tsongas | 37.5% | 344,592 | Ann Wofford
Massachusetts District 4 |  Joseph Kennedy III | 40.3% | 379,213 | David Rosa
Massachusetts District 5 |  Katherine Clark | 97.1% | 289,807 | Write-in
Massachusetts District 6 |  Seth Moulton | 96.7% | 314,055 | Write-in
Massachusetts District 7 |  Michael Capuano | 97.2% | 256,911 | Write-in
Massachusetts District 8 |  Stephen Lynch | 45% | 374,265 | William Burke
Massachusetts District 9 |  William Keating | 22.1% | 379,895 | Mark Alliegro
Michigan District 10 |  Paul Mitchell | 30.8% | 340,983 | Frank Accavitti Jr.
Michigan District 11 |  David Trott | 12.8% | 379,488 | Anil Kumar
Michigan District 12 |  Debbie Dingell | 35.1% | 328,542 | Jeff Jones
Michigan District 13 |  John Conyers, Jr. | 61.4% | 257,797 | Jeff Gorman
Michigan District 14 |  Brenda Lawrence | 59.8% | 310,974 | Howard Klausner
Michigan District 1 |  Jack Bergman | 14.8% | 360,271 | Lon Johnson
Michigan District 2 |  Bill Huizenga | 30.1% | 339,328 | Dennis Murphy
Michigan District 3 |  Justin Amash | 21.9% | 342,365 | Douglas Smith
Michigan District 4 |  John Moolenaar | 29.5% | 315,751 | Debra Wirth
Michigan District 5 |  Dan Kildee | 26.1% | 319,291 | Allen Hardwick
Michigan District 6 |  Fred Upton | 22.2% | 329,565 | Paul Clements
Michigan District 7 |  Tim Walberg | 15% | 334,807 | Gretchen Driskell
Michigan District 8 |  Mike Bishop | 16.9% | 366,968 | Suzanna Shkreli
Michigan District 9 |  Sander Levin | 20.5% | 344,775 | Christopher Morse
Minnesota District 1 |  Tim Walz | 0.8% | 335,877 | Jim Hagedorn
Minnesota District 2 |  Jason Lewis | 1.8% | 370,514 | Angie Craig
Minnesota District 3 |  Erik Paulsen | 13.7% | 393,464 | Terri Bonoff
Minnesota District 4 |  Betty McCollum | 23.4% | 351,944 | Greg Ryan
Minnesota District 5 |  Keith Ellison | 46.8% | 361,882 | Frank Drake
Minnesota District 6 |  Tom Emmer | 31.3% | 358,924 | David Snyder
Minnesota District 7 |  Collin Peterson | 5% | 330,848 | Dave Hughes
Minnesota District 8 |  Rick Nolan | 0.6% | 356,979 | Stewart Mills
Mississippi District 1 |  Trent Kelly | 40.8% | 300,423 | Jacob Owens
Mississippi District 2 |  Bennie Thompson | 38% | 286,626 | John Bouie II
Mississippi District 3 |  Gregg Harper | 35.8% | 316,445 | Dennis Quinn
Mississippi District 4 |  Steven Palazzo | 37.2% | 278,779 | Mark Gladney
Missouri District 1 |  William Lacy Clay | 55.5% | 314,024 | Steven Bailey
Missouri District 2 |  Ann Wagner | 20.9% | 413,296 | Bill Otto
Missouri District 3 |  Blaine Luetkemeyer | 39.9% | 368,333 | Kevin Miller
Missouri District 4 |  Vicky Hartzler | 40% | 332,234 | Gordon Christensen
Missouri District 5 |  Emanuel Cleaver | 20.7% | 324,270 | Jacob Turk
Missouri District 6 |  Sam Graves | 39.6% | 350,444 | David Blackwell
Missouri District 7 |  Billy Long | 40.1% | 338,607 | Genevieve Williams
Missouri District 8 |  Jason Smith | 51.7% | 308,871 | Dave Cowell
Montana's At-Large District |  Ryan Zinke | 15.6% | 507,831 | Denise Juneau
Nebraska District 1 |  Jeff Fortenberry | 38.9% | 273,238 | Daniel Wik
Nebraska District 2 |  Don Bacon | 1.2% | 288,308 | Brad Ashford
Nebraska District 3 |  Adrian Smith | 100% | 226,720 | Unopposed
Nevada District 1 |  Dina Titus | 33.1% | 188,352 | Mary Perry
Nevada District 2 |  Mark Amodei | 21.4% | 313,336 | Chip Evans
Nevada District 3 |  Jacky Rosen | 1.3% | 310,963 | Danny Tarkanian
Nevada District 4 |  Ruben Kihuen | 4% | 265,846 | Cresent Hardy
New Hampshire District 1 |  Carol Shea-Porter | 1.3% | 365,572 | Frank Guinta
New Hampshire District 2 |  Annie Kuster | 4.4% | 350,272 | Jim Lawrence
New Jersey District 10 |  Donald Payne Jr. | 73.8% | 222,771 | David Pinckney
New Jersey District 11 |  Rodney Frelinghuysen | 19.1% | 334,992 | Joseph Wenzel
New Jersey District 12 |  Bonnie Watson Coleman | 30.8% | 288,634 | Steven Uccio
New Jersey District 1 |  Donald Norcross | 23.2% | 305,473 | Bob Patterson
New Jersey District 2 |  Frank LoBiondo | 22% | 297,795 | David Cole
New Jersey District 3 |  Tom MacArthur | 20.4% | 328,060 | Frederick John Lavergne
New Jersey District 4 |  Chris Smith | 30.2% | 332,684 | Lorna Phillipson
New Jersey District 5 |  Josh Gottheimer | 4.4% | 337,701 | Scott Garrett
New Jersey District 6 |  Frank Pallone | 28.8% | 263,435 | Brent Sonnek-Schmelz
New Jersey District 7 |  Leonard Lance | 11% | 343,635 | Peter Jacob
New Jersey District 8 |  Albio Sires | 58.5% | 174,889 | Agha Khan
New Jersey District 9 |  Bill Pascrell | 41.7% | 233,242 | Hector Castillo
New Mexico District 1 |  Michelle Lujan Grisham | 30.3% | 277,967 | Richard Priem
New Mexico District 2 |  Steve Pearce | 25.5% | 228,816 | Merrie Soules
New Mexico District 3 |  Ben Ray Lujan | 24.8% | 273,342 | Michael H. Romero
New York District 10 |  Jerrold Nadler | 56.2% | 245,928 | Philip Rosenthal
New York District 11 |  Daniel Donovan | 24.9% | 232,097 | Richard Reichard
New York District 12 |  Carolyn Maloney | 66.4% | 293,549 | Robert Ardini
New York District 13 |  Adriano Espaillat | 81.9% | 233,192 | Tony Evans
New York District 14 |  Joseph Crowley | 65.7% | 178,132 | Frank Spotorno
New York District 15 |  Jose E. Serrano | 91.7% | 173,921 | Alejandro Vega
New York District 16 |  Eliot Engel | 89.3% | 221,682 | Derickson Lawrence
New York District 17 |  Nita Lowey | 100% | 214,530 | Unopposed
New York District 18 |  Sean Maloney | 11.2% | 291,429 | Phil Oliva
New York District 19 |  John Faso | 8.6% | 303,600 | Zephyr Teachout
New York District 1 |  Lee Zeldin | 17.9% | 297,150 | Anna Throne-Holst
New York District 20 |  Paul Tonko | 35.8% | 313,759 | Francis Vitollo
New York District 21 |  Elise Stefanik | 35.1% | 272,499 | Mike Derrick
New York District 22 |  Claudia Tenney | 5.5% | 278,348 | Kim Myers
New York District 23 |  Tom Reed | 15.2% | 279,634 | John Plumb
New York District 24 |  John Katko | 21.1% | 301,801 | Colleen Deacon
New York District 25 |  Louise Slaughter | 12.4% | 325,600 | Mark Assini
New York District 26 |  Brian Higgins | 49.2% | 288,666 | Shelly Schratz
New York District 27 |  Chris Collins | 34.4% | 328,717 | Diana Kastenbaum
New York District 2 |  Peter King | 24.9% | 280,061 | DuWayne Gregory
New York District 3 |  Tom Suozzi | 5.6% | 308,653 | Jack Martins
New York District 4 |  Kathleen Rice | 19.1% | 311,151 | David Gurfein
New York District 5 |  Gregory Meeks | 72.5% | 233,392 | Michael O'Reilly
New York District 6 |  Grace Meng | 45.4% | 189,246 | Danniel Maio
New York District 7 |  Nydia Velazquez | 81.6% | 189,622 | Allan Romaguera
New York District 8 |  Hakeem Jeffries | 86.6% | 229,996 | Daniel Cavanagh
New York District 9 |  Yvette Clarke | 84.8% | 231,765 | Alan Bellone
North Carolina District 10 |  Patrick McHenry | 26.3% | 349,744 | Andy Millard
North Carolina District 11 |  Mark Meadows | 28.2% | 359,508 | Rick Bryson
North Carolina District 12 |  Alma Adams | 34% | 349,300 | Leon Threatt
North Carolina District 13 |  Ted Budd | 12.2% | 355,492 | Bruce Davis
North Carolina District 1 |  G.K. Butterfield | 39.7% | 350,699 | H. Powell Dew Jr.
North Carolina District 2 |  George Holding | 13.4% | 390,567 | John McNeil
North Carolina District 3 |  Walter Jones | 34.4% | 323,701 | Ernest Reeves
North Carolina District 4 |  David Price | 36.4% | 409,541 | Sue Googe
North Carolina District 5 |  Virginia Foxx | 16.8% | 355,512 | Josh Brannon
North Carolina District 6 |  Mark Walker | 18.5% | 351,150 | Pete Glidewell
North Carolina District 7 |  David Rouzer | 21.8% | 347,706 | J. Wesley Casteen
North Carolina District 8 |  Richard Hudson | 17.5% | 323,045 | Thomas Mills
North Carolina District 9 |  Robert Pittenger | 16.4% | 332,493 | Christian Cano
North Dakota's At-Large District |  Kevin Cramer | 45.4% | 338,459 | Chase Iron Eyes
Ohio District 10 |  Michael Turner | 31.4% | 336,602 | Robert Klepinger
Ohio District 11 |  Marcia Fudge | 60.5% | 302,686 | Beverly Goldstein
Ohio District 12 |  Patrick Tiberi | 36.7% | 377,534 | Ed Albertson
Ohio District 13 |  Tim Ryan | 35.5% | 308,004 | Richard Morckel
Ohio District 14 |  David Joyce | 25.2% | 350,269 | Michael Wager
Ohio District 15 |  Steve Stivers | 32.3% | 336,807 | Scott Wharton
Ohio District 16 |  Jim Renacci | 30.7% | 345,624 | Keith Mundy
Ohio District 1 |  Steve Chabot | 18.4% | 354,788 | Michele Young
Ohio District 2 |  Brad Wenstrup | 32.2% | 340,279 | William Smith
Ohio District 3 |  Joyce Beatty | 37.1% | 291,351 | John Adams
Ohio District 4 |  Jim Jordan | 36% | 309,208 | Janet Garrett
Ohio District 5 |  Bob Latta | 41.8% | 344,991 | James Neu, Jr.
Ohio District 6 |  Bill Johnson | 41.4% | 302,755 | Michael Lorentz
Ohio District 7 |  Bob Gibbs | 35.1% | 309,553 | Roy Rich
Ohio District 8 |  Warren Davidson | 41.8% | 325,506 | Steve Fought
Ohio District 9 |  Marcy Kaptur | 37.4% | 282,398 | Donald Philip Larson
Oklahoma District 1 |  Jim Bridenstine | 100% | N/A | Unopposed
Oklahoma District 2 |  Markwayne Mullin | 47.4% | 268,870 | Joshua Harris-Till
Oklahoma District 3 |  Frank Lucas | 56.6% | 290,615 | Frankie Robbins
Oklahoma District 4 |  Tom Cole | 43.5% | 293,189 | Christina Owen
Oklahoma District 5 |  Steve Russell | 20.3% | 280,570 | Al McAffrey
Oregon District 1 |  Suzanne Bonamici | 22.6% | 378,095 | Brian Heinrich
Oregon District 2 |  Greg Walden | 43.7% | 380,739 | Jim Crary
Oregon District 3 |  Earl Blumenauer | 51.4% | 382,355 | David Walker
Oregon District 4 |  Peter DeFazio | 15.8% | 397,568 | Art Robinson
Oregon District 5 |  Kurt Schrader | 10.5% | 373,108 | Colm Willis
Pennsylvania District 10 |  Tom Marino | 40.3% | 301,105 | Michael Molesevich
Pennsylvania District 11 |  Lou Barletta | 27.3% | 313,221 | Mike Marsicano
Pennsylvania District 12 |  Keith Rothfus | 23.5% | 359,204 | Erin McClelland
Pennsylvania District 13 |  Brendan Boyle | 100% | 239,316 | Unopposed
Pennsylvania District 14 |  Michael F. Doyle | 48.7% | 343,292 | Lenny McAllister
Pennsylvania District 15 |  Charlie Dent | 20.4% | 326,474 | Rick Daugherty
Pennsylvania District 16 |  Lloyd Smucker | 10.9% | 313,773 | Christina Hartman
Pennsylvania District 17 |  Matt Cartwright | 7.6% | 293,164 | Matt Connolly
Pennsylvania District 18 |  Tim Murphy | 100% | 293,684 | Unopposed
Pennsylvania District 1 |  Robert Brady | 64.4% | 299,010 | Deborah Williams
Pennsylvania District 2 |  Dwight Evans | 80.4% | 357,645 | James Jones
Pennsylvania District 3 |  Mike Kelly | 100% | 244,893 | Unopposed
Pennsylvania District 4 |  Scott Perry | 32.1% | 334,000 | Joshua Burkholder
Pennsylvania District 5 |  Glenn Thompson | 34.3% | 307,843 | Kerith Strano Taylor
Pennsylvania District 6 |  Ryan Costello | 14.5% | 362,469 | Mike Parrish
Pennsylvania District 7 |  Patrick Meehan | 18.9% | 379,502 | Mary Ellen Balchunis
Pennsylvania District 8 |  Brian Fitzpatrick | 8.9% | 380,818 | Steve Santarsiero
Pennsylvania District 9 |  Bill Shuster | 26.7% | 294,565 | Art Halvorson
Rhode Island District 1 |  David Cicilline | 29.4% | 202,371 | Russell Taub
Rhode Island District 2 |  Jim Langevin | 27.4% | 229,148 | Rhue Reis
South Carolina District 1 |  Mark Sanford | 21.7% | 325,190 | Dimitri Cherny
South Carolina District 2 |  Joe Wilson | 24.4% | 304,996 | Arik Bjorn
South Carolina District 3 |  Jeff Duncan | 45.8% | 269,540 | Hosea Cleveland
South Carolina District 4 |  Trey Gowdy | 36.2% | 295,670 | Chris Fedalei
South Carolina District 5 |  Mick Mulvaney | 20.5% | 273,006 | Fran Person
South Carolina District 6 |  James Clyburn | 42.5% | 253,901 | Laura Sterling
South Carolina District 7 |  Tom Rice | 22% | 289,463 | Mal Hyman
South Dakota At-Large District |  Kristi Noem | 28.2% | 369,973 | Paula Hawks
Tennessee District 1 |  Phil Roe | 62.9% | 253,025 | Alan Bohms
Tennessee District 2 |  John Duncan, Jr. | 51.3% | 280,856 | Stuart Starr
Tennessee District 3 |  Charles Fleischmann | 37.6% | 266,006 | Melody Shekari
Tennessee District 4 |  Scott DesJarlais | 30.1% | 254,937 | Steven Reynolds
Tennessee District 5 |  Jim Cooper | 25.1% | 273,544 | Stacy Ries Snyder
Tennessee District 6 |  Diane Black | 49.3% | 284,490 | David Kent
Tennessee District 7 |  Marsha Blackburn | 48.7% | 277,513 | Tharon Chandler
Tennessee District 8 |  David Kustoff | 43.7% | 282,733 | Rickey Hobson
Tennessee District 9 |  Steve Cohen | 59.9% | 217,957 | Wayne Alberson
Texas District 10 |  Michael McCaul | 18.9% | 312,600 | Tawana Cadien
Texas District 11 |  Mike Conaway | 79% | 225,548 | Nicholas Landholt
Texas District 12 |  Kay Granger | 42.5% | 283,115 | Bill Bradshaw
Texas District 13 |  Mac Thornberry | 83.3% | 221,242 | Calvin DeWeese
Texas District 14 |  Randy Weber | 23.7% | 259,685 | Michael Cole
Texas District 15 |  Vicente Gonzalez | 19.6% | 177,479 | Tim Westley
Texas District 16 |  Beto O'Rourke | 75.8% | 175,229 | Jaime Perez
Texas District 17 |  Bill Flores | 25.6% | 245,728 | William Matta
Texas District 18 |  Sheila Jackson Lee | 49.9% | 204,308 | Lori Bartley
Texas District 19 |  Jodey Arrington | 78.1% | 203,475 | Troy Bonar
Texas District 1 |  Louie Gohmert | 49.8% | 260,409 | Shirley McKellar
Texas District 20 |  Joaquin Castro | 64.3% | 187,669 | Jeffrey Blunt
Texas District 21 |  Lamar Smith | 20.6% | 356,031 | Thomas Wakely
Texas District 22 |  Pete Olson | 19% | 305,543 | Mark Gibson
Texas District 23 |  Will Hurd | 1.3% | 228,965 | Pete Gallego
Texas District 24 |  Kenny Marchant | 16.9% | 275,635 | Jan McDowell
Texas District 25 |  Roger Williams | 20.6% | 310,196 | Kathi Thomas
Texas District 26 |  Michael Burgess | 36.7% | 319,080 | Eric Mauck
Texas District 27 |  Blake Farenthold | 23.4% | 230,580 | Raul (Roy) Barrera
Texas District 28 |  Henry Cuellar | 34.9% | 184,442 | Zeffen Hardin
Texas District 29 |  Gene Green | 48.5% | 131,982 | Julio Garza
Texas District 2 |  Ted Poe | 24.6% | 278,236 | Pat Bryan
Texas District 30 |  Eddie Bernice Johnson | 58.9% | 218,826 | Charles Lingerfelt
Texas District 31 |  John Carter | 21.9% | 284,588 | Mike Clark
Texas District 32 |  Pete Sessions | 52.1% | 229,171 | Ed Rankin
Texas District 33 |  Marc Veasey | 47.4% | 126,369 | M. Mark Mitchell
Texas District 34 |  Filemon Vela | 25.3% | 166,961 | Rey Gonzalez Jr.
Texas District 35 |  Lloyd Doggett | 31.5% | 197,576 | Susan Narvaiz
Texas District 36 |  Brian Babin | 77.2% | 218,565 | Hal Ridley Jr.
Texas District 3 |  Sam Johnson | 26.6% | 316,467 | Adam Bell
Texas District 4 |  John Ratcliffe | 76% | 246,220 | Cody Wommack
Texas District 5 |  Jeb Hensarling | 61.2% | 192,875 | Ken Ashby
Texas District 6 |  Joe Barton | 19.3% | 273,296 | Ruby Faye Woolridge
Texas District 7 |  John Culberson | 12.3% | 255,533 | James Cargas
Texas District 8 |  Kevin Brady | 100% | 236,379 | Unopposed
Texas District 9 |  Al Green | 54.8% | 161,523 | Jeff Martin
Utah District 1 |  Rob Bishop | 39.5% | 277,451 | Peter Clemens
Utah District 2 |  Chris Stewart | 27.7% | 276,819 | Charlene Albarran
Utah District 3 |  Jason Chaffetz | 46.9% | 285,305 | Stephen Tryon
Utah District 4 |  Mia Love | 12.5% | 274,569 | Doug Owens
Vermont At-large District |  Peter Welch | 79.6% | 295,334 | Erica Clawson
Virginia District 10 |  Barbara Comstock | 5.8% | 400,083 | LuAnn Bennett
Virginia District 11 |  Gerald Connolly | 75.8% | 282,003 | Write-in
Virginia District 1 |  Rob Wittman | 23.3% | 384,601 | Matt Rowe
Virginia District 2 |  Scott Taylor | 22.9% | 310,567 | Shaun Brown
Virginia District 3 |  Bobby Scott | 33.6% | 312,340 | Marty Williams
Virginia District 4 |  Donald McEachin | 15.7% | 346,656 | Mike Wade
Virginia District 5 |  Tom Garrett | 16.7% | 356,756 | Jane Dittmar
Virginia District 6 |  Bob Goodlatte | 33.5% | 338,409 | Kai Degner
Virginia District 7 |  David Brat | 15.3% | 379,163 | Eileen Bedell
Virginia District 8 |  Don Beyer | 41.1% | 360,676 | Charles Hernick
Virginia District 9 |  Morgan Griffith | 40.3% | 310,314 | Derek Kitts
Washington District 10 |  Denny Heck | 17.3% | 290,564 | Jim Postma
Washington District 1 |  Suzan DelBene | 10.8% | 349,398 | Robert Sutherland
Washington District 2 |  Rick Larsen | 28% | 325,408 | Marc Hennemann
Washington District 3 |  Jaime Herrera Beutler | 23.5% | 313,277 | Jim Moeller
Washington District 4 |  Dan Newhouse | 15.3% | 229,919 | Clint Didier
Washington District 5 |  Cathy McMorris Rodgers | 19.3% | 323,534 | Joe Pakootas
Washington District 6 |  Derek Kilmer | 23.1% | 327,834 | Todd Bloom
Washington District 7 |  Pramila Jayapal | 12% | 378,754 | Brady Walkinshaw
Washington District 8 |  Dave Reichert | 20.4% | 320,865 | Tony Ventrella
Washington District 9 |  Adam Smith | 45.8% | 281,482 | Doug Basler
West Virginia District 1 |  David McKinley | 37.9% | 237,003 | Mike Manypenny
West Virginia District 2 |  Alexander Mooney | 16.4% | 242,014 | Mark Hunt
West Virginia District 3 |  Evan Jenkins | 43.9% | 207,332 | Matt Detch
Wisconsin District 1 |  Paul Ryan | 34.8% | 353,990 | Ryan Solen
Wisconsin District 2 |  Mark Pocan | 37.6% | 397,581 | Peter Theron
Wisconsin District 3 |  Ron Kind | 99.9% | 257,570 | Write-in
Wisconsin District 4 |  Gwen Moore | 65.3% | 285,858 | Robert Raymond
Wisconsin District 5 |  Jim Sensenbrenner | 37.4% | 390,507 | Khary Penebaker
Wisconsin District 6 |  Glenn Grothman | 19.9% | 356,935 | Sarah Lloyd
Wisconsin District 7 |  Sean Duffy | 23.4% | 362,061 | Mary Hoeft
Wisconsin District 8 |  Mike Gallagher | 25.4% | 363,592 | Tom Nelson
Wyoming's At-large District |  Liz Cheney | 32.1% | 251,776 | Ryan Greene

# Popular vote by party and state[edit]

The following table displays the total number of votes received and the number of seats won by party for each state in the 2016 U.S. House elections. It also compares the percentage of the total vote received by each party to the percentage of seats in the state won by each party. Some interesting facts:

* Republican candidates received 49.13% of total votes cast in 2016 and won 55.4% of U.S. House seats. Comparatively, Democratic candidates received 48.03% of votes and won 44.6% of races. Third-party and write-in candidates received 2.56% of votes.

* Third-party candidates received the highest percentage of votes in Arkansas with 18.42% of votes cast. Comparatively, Democratic candidates only received 10.42% of the total votes cast in Arkansas. This is likely due to the fact that the Democratic Party only fielded a general election candidate in one of the state's four House races.

* There were two states in which the party that received the most total votes won a minority of seats, Virginia and Wisconsin. In Virginia, Democratic candidates received 49.17% of votes but only won 36.36% of seats (4 of 11), while Republican candidates received 48.74% of votes and won 63.64% of seats (7 of 11). In Wisconsin, Democratic candidates received 49.85% of votes but won 37.5% of seats (3 of 8), while Republican candidates received 45.89% of votes and won 62.5% of seats (5 of 8).

* Maine was the state in which the popular vote and the number of seats won most aligned. In Maine, Democrats received 51.93% of the vote while winning 50% of seats, while Republicans received 48.01% of the vote and won the other 50% of seats. This results in an average disparity of 1.96%. Arizona, New York, New Jersey, and Washington followed with average disparities of 2.34%, 2.97%, 4.29%, and 4.73%.

Note: For the purpose of our study, votes for candidates who appeared on the ballot under multiple different parties were counted for the major party that candidate was affiliated with (Democratic or Republican). This pertains to Connecticut, New York, and South Carolina.

United States House Votes by Party and State

State  | Total Votes  | D votes  | D seats won  | R votes  | R seats won  | 3rd party votes
Alabama | 1,889,685 | 621,911 | 1 | 1,222,018 | 6 | 45,756
Alabama % |  | 32.91% | 14.29% | 64.67% | 85.71% | 2.42%
Alaska | 308,198 | 111,019 | 0 | 155,088 | 1 | 42,091
Alaska % |  | 36.02% | 0% | 50.32% | 100% | 13.66%
Arizona | 2,412,064 | 1,034,687 | 4 | 1,264,378 | 5 | 112,999
Arizona % |  | 42.90% | 44.44% | 52.42% | 55.56% | 4.68%
Arkansas | 1,068,577 | 111,347 | 0 | 760,415 | 4 | 196,815
Arkansas % |  | 10.42% | 0% | 71.16% | 100% | 18.42%
California | 13,396,018 | 8,624,432 | 39 | 4,682,033 | 14 | 89,553
California % |  | 64.38% | 73.58% | 34.95% | 26.42% | 0.67%
Colorado | 2,701,438 | 1,263,791 | 3 | 1,288,618 | 4 | 149,029
Colorado % |  | 46.78% | 42.86% | 47.70% | 57.14% | 5.52%
Connecticut | 1,575,183 | 990,139 | 5 | 568,134 | 0 | 16,910
Connecticut % |  | 62.86% | 100% | 36.07% | 0% | 1.07%
Delaware | 420,617 | 233,554 | 1 | 172,301 | 0 | 14,762
Delaware % |  | 55.53% | 100% | 40.96% | 0% | 3.51%
Florida | 8,837,426 | 3,985,050 | 11 | 4,733,630 | 16 | 118,746
Florida % |  | 45.09% | 40.74% | 53.56% | 59.26% | 1.34%
Georgia | 3,770,897 | 1,498,437 | 4 | 2,272,460 | 10 | 0
Georgia % |  | 39.74% | 28.57% | 60.26% | 71.43% | 0%
Hawaii | 412,873 | 316,265 | 2 | 85,626 | 0 | 10,982
Hawaii % |  | 76.60% | 100% | 20.74% | 0% | 2.66%
Idaho | 681,594 | 208,992 | 0 | 447,544 | 2 | 25,058
Idaho % |  | 30.66% | 0% | 65.66% | 100% | 3.68%
Illinois | 5,241,767 | 2,810,536 | 11 | 2,397,436 | 7 | 33,795
Illinois % |  | 53.62% | 61.11% | 45.74% | 38.89% | 0.64%
Indiana | 2,658,367 | 1,052,901 | 2 | 1,442,989 | 7 | 162,477
Indiana % |  | 39.61% | 22.22% | 54.28% | 77.78% | 6.11%
Iowa | 1,515,555 | 673,969 | 1 | 813,153 | 3 | 28,433
Iowa % |  | 44.47% | 25% | 53.65% | 75% | 1.88%
Kansas | 1,173,736 | 317,635 | 0 | 694,240 | 4 | 161,861
Kansas % |  | 27.06% | 0% | 59.15% | 100% | 13.79%
Kentucky | 1,765,376 | 516,904 | 1 | 1,248,140 | 5 | 332
Kentucky % |  | 29.28% | 16.67% | 70.70% | 83.33% | 0.02%
Louisiana | 1,804,256 | 564,064 | 1 | 1,198,764 | 5 | 41,428
Louisiana % |  | 31.26% | 16.67% | 66.44% | 83.33% | 2.30%
Maine | 744,574 | 386,627 | 1 | 357,447 | 1 | 500
Maine % |  | 51.93% | 50% | 48.01% | 50% | 0.07%
Maryland | 2,707,745 | 1,636,200 | 7 | 962,088 | 1 | 109,457
Maryland % |  | 60.43% | 87.50% | 35.53% | 12.50% | 4.04%
Massachusetts | 2,940,688 | 2,344,518 | 9 | 451,121 | 0 | 145,049
Massachusetts % |  | 79.73% | 100% | 15.34% | 0% | 4.93%
Michigan | 4,670,905 | 2,193,980 | 5 | 2,243,402 | 9 | 233,523
Michigan % |  | 46.97% | 35.71% | 48.03% | 64.29% | 5%
Minnesota | 2,860,432 | 1,434,590 | 5 | 1,334,686 | 3 | 91,156
Minnesota % |  | 50.15% | 62.50% | 46.66% | 37.50% | 3.19%
Mississippi | 1,182,273 | 449,896 | 1 | 680,810 | 3 | 51,567
Mississippi % |  | 38.05% | 25% | 57.58% | 75% | 4.36%
Missouri | 2,750,079 | 1,041,306 | 2 | 1,600,524 | 6 | 108,249
Missouri % |  | 37.86% | 25% | 58.20% | 75% | 3.94%
Montana | 507,831 | 205,919 | 0 | 285,358 | 1 | 16,554
Montana % |  | 40.55% | 0% | 56.19% | 100% | 3.26%
Nebraska | 788,266 | 221,069 | 0 | 557,557 | 3 | 9,640
Nebraska % |  | 28.04% | 0% | 70.73% | 100% | 1.22%
Nevada | 1,078,497 | 508,113 | 3 | 498,104 | 1 | 72,280
Nevada % |  | 47.11% | 75% | 46.19% | 25% | 6.70%
New Hampshire | 715,844 | 336,451 | 2 | 316,001 | 0 | 63,392
New Hampshire % |  | 47% | 100% | 44.14% | 0% | 8.86%
New Jersey | 3,463,311 | 1,821,620 | 7 | 1,541,631 | 5 | 100,060
New Jersey % |  | 52.60% | 58.33% | 44.51% | 41.67% | 2.89%
New Mexico | 780,125 | 436,932 | 2 | 343,123 | 1 | 70
New Mexico % |  | 56.01% | 66.67% | 43.98% | 33.33% | 0.01%
New York | 7,048,120 | 4,432,539 | 18 | 2,501,858 | 9 | 113,723
New York % |  | 62.89% | 66.67% | 35.50% | 33.33% | 1.61%
North Carolina | 4,598,458 | 2,142,661 | 3 | 2,447,326 | 10 | 8,471
North Carolina % |  | 46.60% | 23.08% | 53.22% | 76.92% | 0.18%
North Dakota | 338,459 | 80,377 | 0 | 233,980 | 1 | 24,102
North Dakota % |  | 23.75% | 0% | 69.13% | 100% | 7.12%
Ohio | 5,218,355 | 2,154,523 | 4 | 2,996,017 | 12 | 67,815
Ohio % |  | 41.29% | 25% | 57.41% | 75% | 1.30%
Oklahoma | 1,133,244 | 305,222 | 0 | 781,691 | 5 | 46,331
Oklahoma % |  | 26.93% | 0% | 68.98% | 100% | 4.09%
Oregon | 1,911,865 | 1,026,851 | 4 | 730,894 | 1 | 154,120
Oregon % |  | 53.71% | 80% | 38.23% | 20% | 8.06%
Pennsylvania | 5,743,978 | 2,625,157 | 5 | 3,096,576 | 13 | 22,245
Pennsylvania % |  | 45.70% | 27.78% | 53.91% | 72.22% | 0.39%
Rhode Island | 431,519 | 263,642 | 2 | 141,324 | 0 | 26,553
Rhode Island % |  | 61.10% | 100% | 32.75% | 0% | 6.15%
South Carolina | 2,011,766 | 790,323 | 1 | 1,177,365 | 6 | 44,078
South Carolina % |  | 39.29% | 14.29% | 58.52% | 85.71% | 2.19%
South Dakota | 369,973 | 132,810 | 0 | 237,163 | 1 | 0
South Dakota % |  | 35.90% | 0% | 64.10% | 100% | 0%
Tennessee | 2,391,061 | 814,181 | 2 | 1,493,740 | 7 | 83,140
Tennessee % |  | 34.05% | 22.22% | 62.47% | 77.78% | 3.48%
Texas | 8,528,526 | 3,160,535 | 11 | 4,877,605 | 25 | 490,386
Texas % |  | 36.86% | 30.56% | 57.37% | 69.44% | 1.53%
Utah | 1,114,144 | 356,287 | 0 | 710,635 | 4 | 47,222
Utah % |  | 31.98% | 0% | 63.78% | 100% | 4.24%
Vermont | 295,334 | 264,414 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 30,920
Vermont % |  | 89.53% | 100% | 0% | 0% | 10.47%
Virginia | 3,781,568 | 1,859,426 | 4 | 1,843,010 | 7 | 79,132
Virginia % |  | 49.17% | 36.36% | 48.74% | 63.64% | 2.09%
Washington | 3,141,035 | 1,736,145 | 6 | 1,404,890 | 4 | 0
Washington % |  | 55.27% | 60% | 44.73% | 40% | 0%
West Virginia | 686,349 | 224,449 | 0 | 445,017 | 3 | 16,883
West Virginia % |  | 32.70% | 0% | 64.84% | 100% | 2.46%
Wisconsin | 2,768,094 | 1,379,996 | 3 | 1,270,279 | 5 | 117,819
Wisconsin % |  | 49.85% | 37.50% | 45.89% | 62.50% | 4.26%
Wyoming | 251,776 | 75,466 | 0 | 156,176 | 1 | 20,134
Wyoming % |  | 29.97% | 0% | 62.03% | 100% | 8%
Totals | 128,560,821 | 61,750,858 | 194 | 63,164,365 | 241 | 3,285,466
Total % |  | 48.03% | 44.60% | 49.13% | 55.40% | 2.56%

# Retired incumbents[edit]

A total of 42 incumbents (9.7 percent) chose not to seek re-election in 2016. Some of those were due to retirement, while others chose to seek higher office instead.

The following members of the U.S. House chose to retire rather than seek re-election in 2016.

* 9 Democrats
* 20 Republicans

Name:| Party:| Current office:

|
|

Ander Crenshaw|  Republican | Florida, District 4
Candice Miller|  Republican | Michigan, District 10
Charles B. Rangel|  Democratic | New York, District 13
Chris Gibson|  Republican | New York, District 19
Curt Clawson|  Republican | Florida, District 19
Cynthia Lummis|  Republican | U.S. House, Wyoming
Dan Benishek|  Republican | Michigan, District 1
Ed Whitfield (a)|  Republican | Kentucky, District 1
Gwen Graham|  Democratic | Florida, District 2
Janice Hahn| Nonpartisan | Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, District 4
Jeff Miller|  Republican | Florida, District 1
Jim McDermott|  Democratic | Washington, District 7
John Kline|  Republican | Minnesota, District 2
Joseph R. Pitts|  Republican | Pennsylvania, District 16
Lois Capps|  Democratic | California, District 24
Lynn A. Westmoreland|  Republican | Georgia, District 3
Mark Takai (b)|  Democratic | Hawaii, District 1
Matt Salmon|  Republican | Arizona, District 5
Michael G. Fitzpatrick|  Republican | Pennsylvania, District 8
Randy Neugebauer|  Republican | Texas, District 19
Reid Ribble|  Republican | Wisconsin, District 8
Richard L. Hanna|  Republican | New York, District 22
Richard B. Nugent|  Republican | Florida, District 11
Robert Hurt|  Republican | Virginia, District 5
Rubén Hinojosa|  Democratic | Texas, District 15
Sam Farr|  Democratic | California, District 20
Scott Rigell|  Republican | Virginia, District 2
Stephen Lee Fincher|  Republican | Tennessee
Steve Israel|  Democratic | New York, District 3

(a) In September 2015, Whitfield announced he would not seek re-election. He subsequently resigned his seat on September 6, 2016, prior to the end of the 114th Congress.
(b) Takai announced in 2016 he would not seek re-election, a few months before he died on on July 20, 2016.

### Incumbents who sought higher office[edit]

The following incumbents did not seek re-election to the U.S. House. They instead sought election to another office in 2016.

#### U.S. Senate[edit]

* 6 Democrats
* 5 Republicans

Name:| Party:| Current office:

|
|

Alan Grayson|  Democratic | Florida, District 11
Ann Kirkpatrick|  Democratic | Arizona, District 2
Charles Boustany Jr.|  Republican | Louisiana, District 3
Chris Van Hollen|  Democratic | Maryland
Donna Edwards|  Democratic | Maryland, District 4
Joe Heck|  Republican | Nevada, District 3
John Fleming|  Republican | Louisiana, District 4
Loretta Sanchez|  Democratic | California, District 46
Marlin A. Stutzman|  Republican | Indiana, District 3
Patrick Murphy|  Democratic | Florida, District 18
Tammy Duckworth|  Democratic | Illinois
Todd C. Young|  Republican | Indiana

#### Governor[edit]

* 1 Democrat
* 0 Republicans

Name:| Party:| Current office:

|
|

John C. Carney Jr.|  Democratic | Governor of Delaware

# Battleground races[edit]

See also: U.S. House battlegrounds, 2016

The map below highlights the 23 districts that were designated as battlegrounds in 2016.

The purple districts on the Census district map were those found to be battlegrounds in Ballotpedia's study.

The following table displays the results of the election in each battleground district.

United States House Battleground Results

District  | Incumbent  | Winner  | Partisan switch?  | Margin of victory
Arizona's 1st |  Ann Kirkpatrick |  Tom O'Halleran | No | 7.3%
California's 7th  |  Ami Bera |  Ami Bera | No | 2.3%
California's 25th  |  Stephen Knight |  Stephen Knight | No | 6.3%
California's 49th  |  Darrell Issa |  Darrell Issa | No | 0.5%
Colorado's 6th  |  Mike Coffman |  Mike Coffman | No | 8.3%
Florida's 7th  |  John Mica |  Stephanie Murphy | Yes | 3%
Florida's 18th  |  Patrick Murphy |  Brian Mast | Yes | 10.5%
Florida's 26th  |  Carlos Curbelo |  Carlos Curbelo | No | 11.8%
Illinois' 10th  |  Robert Dold |  Brad Schneider | Yes | 5.2%
Iowa's 1st  |  Rod Blum |  Rod Blum | No | 7.7%
Maine's 2nd  |  Bruce Poliquin |  Bruce Poliquin | No | 9.6%
Michigan's 1st |  Dan Benishek |  Jack Bergman | No | 14.8%
Minnesota's 2nd  |  John Kline |  Jason Lewis | No | 1.8%
Nebraska's 2nd  |  Brad Ashford |  Don Bacon | Yes | 1.2%
Nevada's 3rd  |  Joe Heck |  Jacky Rosen | Yes | 1.3%
Nevada's 4th  |  Cresent Hardy |  Ruben Kihuen | Yes | 4%
New Hampshire's 1st |  Frank Guinta |  Carol Shea-Porter | Yes | 1.3%
New Jersey's 5th  |  Scott Garrett |  Josh Gottheimer | Yes | 4.4%
New York's 19th  |  Chris Gibson |  John Faso | No | 8.6%
New York's 22nd  |  Richard Hanna |  Claudia Tenney | No | 5.5%
Pennsylvania's 8th  |  Michael G. Fitzpatrick |  Brian Fitzpatrick | No | 8.9%
Texas' 23rd  |  Will Hurd |  Will Hurd | No | 1.3%
Virginia's 10th  |  Barbara Comstock |  Barbara Comstock | No | 5.8%

This table displays the initial criteria used to determine competitiveness in more specific detail. It gives ranges for each criterion and the competitiveness associated with them. Each district was analyzed using this as a baseline to determine competitiveness.

Color Key

Color | Margin of Victory (MOV) | Presidential MOV % | Incumbent term in office | Open seat? | Cook rating
Purple – most competitive | 0.0-4.9 | 0.0-4.9 | 1 | Yes | Toss-up
Orange – very competitive | 5.0-7.9 | 5.0-7.9 | 2-3 | N/A | Lean D/R
Green – competitive | 8.0-10.0 | 8.0-10.0 | 4-5 | N/A | Likely D/R
House winners labeled this color indicate the party of the winner being different from the party of the presidential winner of the state in 2012

The following races are those that were expected to be the closest in 2016.

Most competitive 2016 House elections

District | Incumbent's party | District MOV 2014 | District MOV 2012 | Presidential MOV 2012 | Presidential MOV 2008 | Incumbent term in office | Open seat? | Cook rating
Arizona's 1st | Democratic | 5.2 | 3.6 | -2.5 | -3.2 | 2 | Yes | Lean D
California's 7th | Democratic | 0.8 | 3.4 | ✓4.0 | ✓5.0 | 2 | No | Lean D
California's 25th | Republican | 6.7 | 9.6 | -1.9 | ✓1.0 | 1 | No | Toss Up
California's 49th | Republican | 20.3 | 16.3 | -6.7 | ✓1.0 | 8 | No | Toss Up
Colorado's 6th | Republican | 8.9 | 2.0 | ✓5.1 | ✓8.7 | 4 | No | Toss Up
Florida's 7th | Republican | 31.5 | 17.4 | -4.7 | -0.8 | 11 | No | Toss Up
Florida's 18th | Democratic | 19.6 | 0.6 | -4.1 | ✓3.1 | 2 | Yes | Toss Up
Florida's 26th | Republican | 2.9 | 10.6 | ✓6.7 | -0.4 | 1 | No | Toss Up
Illinois' 10th | Republican | 2.6 | 1.3 | ✓16.4 | ✓27.1 | 1 | No | Toss Up
Iowa's 1st | Republican | 2.3 | 15.4 | ✓13.7 | ✓18.1 | 1 | No | Toss Up
Maine's 2nd | Republican | 5.0 | 15.7 | ✓9.0 | ✓12 | 1 | No | Toss Up
Michigan's 1st | Republican | 6.9 | 0.5 | -8.3 | ✓1.3 | 3 | Yes | Lean R
Minnesota's 2nd | Republican | 17.2 | 8.2 | ✓0.1 | ✓2.9 | 7 | Yes | Toss-up
Nebraska's 2nd | Democratic | 3.3 | 1.6 | -7.0 | ✓1.0 | 1 | No | Toss Up
Nevada's 3rd | Republican | 24.6 | 7.5 | ✓0.8 | ✓8.9 | 3 | Yes | Toss Up
Nevada's 4th | Republican | 2.8 | 8.0 | ✓10.7 | ✓15.0 | 1 | No | Lean D
New Hampshire's 1st | Republican | 3.6 | 3.8 | ✓1.6 | ✓6.4 | 1 | No | Lean D
New Jersey's 5th | Republican | 12.1 | 12.3 | -3.1 | -2.0 | 7 | No | Toss-up
New York's 19th | Republican | 28.1 | 5.3 | ✓6.2 | ✓8.0 | 3 | Yes | Toss Up
New York's 22nd  | Republican | 48.1 | 19.9 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 3 | Yes | Toss Up
Pennsylvania's 8th | Republican | 23.8 | 13.2 | -0.1 | ✓7.5 | 3 | Yes | Toss Up
Texas' 23rd | Republican | 2.1 | 4.8 | -2.6 | ✓1.0 | 1 | No | Toss Up
Virginia's 10th | Republican | 16.1 | 19.7 | -1.1 | ✓2.8 | 1 | No | Toss Up

* Both the 2012 and 2008 presidential MOV have either "✓" or "-" before the number. The "✓" indicates the district went in favor of the winner, in both years this was President Obama. The "-" indicates the district favored the Republican who lost in each election, Romney in 2012 and McCain in 2008.

The following races were all expected to be at least somewhat close, but they were not considered among the most competitive races.

Races to watch

District | Incumbent's Party | District MOV 2014 | District MOV 2012 | Presidential MOV 2012 | Presidential MOV 2008 | Incumbent term in office | Open seat? | Cook rating
California's 10th | Republican | 12.3 | 5.4 | ✓3.6 | ✓3.0 | 3 | No | Toss Up
California's 24th | Democratic | 3.9 | 10.2 | ✓11 | ✓15 | 9 | Yes | Lean D
Florida's 13th | Republican | 50.5 | 15.1 | ✓1.5 | ✓3.8 | 22 | Yes | Lean D
Indiana's 9th | Republican | 28.5 | 10.9 | -16.5 | -6.5 | 2 | Yes | Lean R
Iowa's 3rd  | Republican | 10.5 | 8.6 | ✓4.2 | ✓6.1 | 1 | No | Lean R
Kansas' 3rd | Republican | 20 | 36.9 | -9.5 | -1.1 | 2 | No | Lean R
Michigan's 7th | Republican | 12.3 | 10.3 | -3.1 | ✓3.4 | 3 | No | Lean R
Minnesota's 3rd | Republican | 24.4 | 16.3 | ✓0.8 | ✓3.6 | 3 | No | Lean R
Minnesota's 8th | Democratic | 1.4 | 8.9 | ✓5.5 | ✓8.6 | 2 | No | Lean D
New York's 1st | Republican | 8.7 | 4.6 | ✓0.5 | ✓3.0 | 1 | No | Lean R
New York's 3rd | Democratic | 9.2 | 5.0 | ✓2.6 | ✓8.0 | 2 | Yes | Likely D
New York's 24th | Republican | 18.8 | 5.3 | ✓15.9 | ✓14.0 | 1 | No | Lean R
Utah's 4th  | Republican | 3.3 | 0.3 | -37 | -15.2 | 1 | No | Lean R
Wisconsin's 8th | Republican | 30.1 | 12 | -3.7 | ✓8.7 | 3 | Yes | Lean R

* Both the 2012 and 2008 presidential MOV have either "✓" or "-" before the number. The "✓" indicates the district went in favor of the winner, in both years this was President Obama. The "-" indicates the district favored the Republican who lost in each election, Romney in 2012 and McCain in 2008.

## Race ratings[edit]

The following table compares Ballotpedia's battleground ratings with the most recent race ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and The Rothenberg and Gonzales Political Report.

U.S. House race ratings comparison

District | Ballotpedia | Cook[4] | Sabato[5] | Rothenberg[6]
Alaska's At-Large | Safe R | Lean R | Likely R | Safe R
Arizona's 1st | Battleground | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D
Arizona's 2nd | Safe R | Likely R | Likely R | Safe R
California's 7th | Battleground | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D
California's 10th | Competitive R | Toss-up | Toss-up | Lean R
California's 21st | Safe R | Lean R | Lean R | R Favored
California's 24th | Competitive D | Lean D | Lean D | D Favored
California's 25th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | R Favored
California's 49th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up/Tilt R
Colorado's 3rd | Safe R | Likely R | Likely R | Safe R
Colorado's 6th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up/Tilt R
Florida's 2nd[7] | Safe R | Likely R | Safe R | Safe R
Florida's 7th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up/Tilt D
Florida's 10th[7] | Safe D | Likely D | Safe D | Safe D
Florida's 13th | Competitive D | Lean D | Lean D | Lean D
Florida's 18th | Battleground | Lean R | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
Florida's 26th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
Florida's 27th | Safe R | Likely R | Safe R | Safe R
Illinois' 10th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
Illinois' 12th | Safe R | Likely R | Likely R | Safe R
Indiana's 2nd | Safe R | Likely R | Likely R | Safe R
Indiana's 9th | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | R Favored
Iowa's 1st | Battleground | Toss-up | Lean D | Pure Toss-up
Iowa's 3rd | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | Toss-up/Tilt R
Kansas' 3rd | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | Lean R
Maine's 2nd | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
Maryland's 6th | Safe D | Likely D | Safe D | Safe D
Michigan's 1st | Battleground | Lean R | Toss-up | Toss-up/Tilt R
Michigan's 7th | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | R Favored
Michigan's 8th | Safe R | Lean R | Likely R | Safe R
Minnesota's 2nd | Battleground | Toss-up | Lean D | Toss-up/Tilt D
Minnesota's 3rd | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | R Favored
Minnesota's 8th | Competitive D | Toss-up | Lean D | Lean D
Montana's At-Large | Safe R | Likely R | Likely R | R Favored
Nebraska's 2nd | Battleground | Toss-up | Lean D | Toss-up/Tilt D
Nevada's 3rd | Battleground | Toss-up | Lean D | Pure Toss-up
Nevada's 4th | Battleground | Lean D | Lean D | Toss-up/Tilt D
New Hampshire's 1st | Battleground | Lean D | Lean D | Toss-up/Tilt D
New Jersey's 3rd | Safe R | Likely R | Safe R | Safe R
New Jersey's 5th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up/Tilt D
New York's 1st | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | Lean R
New York's 3rd | Competitive D | Likely D | Likely D | Lean D
New York's 19th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
New York's 21st | Safe R | Likely R | Likely R | Safe R
New York's 22nd | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
New York's 23rd | Safe R | Likely R | Likely R | Safe R
New York's 24th | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | R Favored
New York's 25th | Safe D | Likely D | Safe D | Safe D
Pennsylvania's 6th | Safe R | Likely R | Safe R | Safe R
Pennsylvania's 8th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
Pennsylvania's 16th | Safe R | Lean R | Lean R | Safe R
Texas' 23rd | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Pure Toss-up
Utah's 4th | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | R Favored
Virginia's 4th[7] | Safe D | Likely D | Safe D | Safe D
Virginia's 5th | Safe R | Likely R | Lean R | R Favored
Virginia's 10th | Battleground | Toss-up | Toss-up | Toss-up/Tilt R
Wisconsin's 8th | Competitive R | Lean R | Lean R | R Favored

# Primary competitiveness[edit]

Primary competitiveness measures the percentage of primary elections in which voters actually have a choice to make. In most cases, this means those primaries in which there are two or more candidates running. However, in states that use a top-two primary system, a primary must have at least three candidates running to be considered contested. Candidates who have declared write-in campaigns are not enough for a race to be considered contested.

In 2016, 44.53 percent of all major party primaries were contested. If you exclude California and Washington, the two states that use a top-two primary system, 41.53 percent of primaries were contested. As in the past several election cycles, Republican candidates faced significantly more primary opposition than Democratic ones. In Republican contests, 46.17 percent of primaries were contested, while 36.89 percent of Democratic primaries were contested.

Incumbents sought re-election in 90 percent of U.S. House districts. Party made no real difference in the percentage of incumbents who sought re-election. However, as was the case in overall primary races, Republican incumbents were more likely to face a primary challenger than Democratic incumbents. In Republican primary races featuring an incumbent, 52.25 percent of races were contested, while 44.71 percent of Democratic incumbents seeking re-election faced a primary challenger. Only five incumbents were defeated in primary elections in 2016. This amounts to 1.3 percent, which is average over the past decade.

The map below displays the percentage of contested primary races in each state.
• Filing deadline data is being used for states that haven't yet held their primaries. Slight inaccuracies may arise if filed candidates withdraw prior to the primary.
• Louisiana doesn't hold a primary. All candidates compete in the general election and a runoff is held if no candidate secures at least 50% of the vote.

Full data regarding general competitiveness and competition in races involving an incumbent can be found in the tables below.

Contested Primaries during the 2016 Congressional Elections

State | Primary date | # of seats | Democratic contested primaries | Republican contested primaries | Contested Major Party primaries | % contested primaries
Alabama | 3/1 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 28.57%
Arkansas | 3/1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12.50%
Texas | 3/1 | 36 | 13 | 20 | 33 | 45.83%
Mississippi | 3/8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 37.50%
Illinois | 3/15 | 18 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 38.89%
Ohio | 3/15 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 31.25%
Maryland | 4/26 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 93.75%
Pennsylvania | 4/26 | 18 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 25.00%
Indiana | 5/3 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 88.89%
Nebraska | 5/10 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16.67%
West Virginia | 5/10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 33.33%
Idaho | 5/17 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 75.00%
Kentucky | 5/17 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 41.67%
Oregon | 5/17 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 70.00%
Georgia | 5/24 | 14 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 32.14%
California | 6/7 | 53 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 75.47%
Iowa | 6/7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 50.00%
Montana | 6/7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
New Jersey | 6/7 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 41.67%
New Mexico | 6/7 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16.67%
South Dakota | 6/7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
North Carolina | 6/7 | 13 | 6 | 10 | 16 | 61.54%
Maine | 6/14 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 25.00%
Nevada | 6/14 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 87.50%
North Dakota | 6/14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
South Carolina | 6/14 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 21.43%
Virginia | 6/14 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 31.82%
Colorado | 6/28 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 28.57%
New York | 6/28 | 27 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 24.07%
Oklahoma | 6/28 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 80.00%
Utah | 6/28 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12.50%
Kansas | 8/2/2016 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 50.00%
Michigan | 8/2/2016 | 14 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 21.43%
Missouri | 8/2/2016 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 81.25%
Washington | 8/2/2016 | 10 |  |  | 10 | 100.00%
Tennessee | 8/4/2016 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 55.56%
Connecticut | 8/9/2016 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
Minnesota | 8/9/2016 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 50.00%
Vermont | 8/9/2016 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
Wisconsin | 8/9/2016 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 50.00%
Hawaii | 8/13/2016 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 75.00%
Alaska | 8/16/2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 100.00%
Wyoming | 8/16/2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 100.00%
Arizona | 8/30/2016 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 61.11%
Florida | 8/30/2016 | 27 | 11 | 13 | 24 | 44.44%
Massachusetts | 9/8/2016 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5.56%
Delaware | 9/13/2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 50.00%
New Hampshire | 9/13/2016 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 50.00%
Rhode Island | 9/13/2016 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 50.00%
Contested Primaries involving incumbents during the 2016 Congressional Elections

State | Primary date | # of seats | Incs running | Democratic incs facing primary | Republican incs facing primary | % incs with primary
Alabama | 3/1 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 57.14%
Arkansas | 3/1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 25.00%
Texas | 3/1 | 36 | 34 | 5 | 14 | 55.88%
Mississippi | 3/8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 50.00%
Illinois | 3/15 | 18 | 17 | 4 | 3 | 41.18%
Ohio | 3/15 | 16 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 26.67%
Maryland | 4/26 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 83.33%
Pennsylvania | 4/26 | 18 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 25.00%
Indiana | 5/3 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 100.00%
Nebraska | 5/10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
West Virginia | 5/10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 33.33%
Idaho | 5/17 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.00%
Kentucky | 5/17 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 40.00%
Oregon | 5/17 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 80.00%
Georgia | 5/24 | 14 | 13 | 0 | 5 | 38.46%
California | 6/7 | 53 | 49 | 23 | 13 | 73.47%
Iowa | 6/7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 50.00%
Montana | 6/7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
New Jersey | 6/7 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 58.33%
New Mexico | 6/7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
South Dakota | 6/7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
North Carolina | 6/7 | 13 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 69.23%
Maine | 6/14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
Nevada | 6/14 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 66.67%
North Dakota | 6/14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
South Carolina | 6/14 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 28.57%
Virginia | 6/14 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 12.50%
Colorado | 6/28 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 42.86%
New York | 6/28 | 27 | 23 | 5 | 0 | 21.74%
Oklahoma | 6/28 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.00%
Utah | 6/28 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 25.00%
Kansas | 8/2/2016 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 50.00%
Michigan | 8/2/2016 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 25.00%
Missouri | 8/2/2016 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 100.00%
Washington | 8/2/2016 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 100.00%
Tennessee | 8/4/2016 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 71.43%
Connecticut | 8/9/2016 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
Minnesota | 8/9/2016 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 42.86%
Vermont | 8/9/2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
Wisconsin | 8/9/2016 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 57.14%
Hawaii | 8/13/2016 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100.00%
Alaska | 8/16/2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.00%
Wyoming | 8/16/2016 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
Arizona | 8/30/2016 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 57.14%
Florida | 8/30/2016 | 27 | 20 | 3 | 6 | 45.00%
Massachusetts | 9/8/2016 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
Delaware | 9/13/2016 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00%
New Hampshire | 9/13/2016 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 50.00%
Rhode Island | 9/13/2016 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 100.00%

## Defeated incumbents[edit]

Five incumbent members of Congress lost their primary elections in 2016—a slightly higher number than the past decade's average. This slight increase can be explained by the court-ordered redistricting that took place in several states. Redistricting played a role in three of the five incumbent losses, one of which was an incumbent-versus-incumbent battle.

Redistricting also explains why so many incumbents were defeated in the primaries in 2012, the first election after maps were redrawn following the 2010 census. In 2012, eight incumbent members of Congress lost to another incumbent in the primary as a direct result of redistricting.

#### Chaka Fattah[edit]

Chaka Fattah

Chaka Fattah was the first incumbent to lose a primary in 2016. He was defeated by Dwight Evans in the Democratic primary on April 26, 2016. Heading into the election, Fattah—who had represented Pennsylvania's 2nd Congressional District from 1994 until his resignation on June 23, 2016—had been made vulnerable due to an indictment in 2015 on charges including bribery, money laundering, and bank and mail fraud. Fattah was ultimately convicted of all charges in June, and he resigned shortly thereafter.[8][9][10][11]

U.S. House, Pennsylvania District 2 Democratic Primary, 2016 Candidate | Vote % | Votes
Dwight Evans | 42.3% | 75,515
Chaka Fattah Incumbent | 34.4% | 61,518
Brian Gordon  | 13.2% | 23,655
Dan Muroff  | 10.1% | 18,016
Total Votes | 178,704
Source: Pennsylvania Department of State

#### Renee Ellmers[edit]

Renee Ellmers

Renee Ellmers was the second incumbent to fall in 2016. Ellmers was defeated by fellow GOP incumbent George Holding—who represented the 13th Congressional District heading into the election—in North Carolina's 2nd Congressional District Republican primary. Redistricting altered both districts significantly, causing Holding to seek election in the 2nd District. Heading into the primary, Holding was a clear favorite. He had the backing of a number of Republican organizations, including Americans for Prosperity, FreedomWorks, and the Club for Growth. However, Ellmers did secure a late endorsement from Donald Trump. Holding easily defeated Ellmers, receiving over twice as many votes.[12][13][14][13][15]

U.S. House, North Carolina District 2 Republican Primary, 2016 Candidate | Vote % | Votes
George Holding Incumbent | 53.4% | 17,084
Renee Ellmers Incumbent | 23.6% | 7,552
Greg Brannon  | 23% | 7,359
Total Votes | 31,995
Source: North Carolina State Board of Elections

#### Randy Forbes[edit]

Randy Forbes

Randy Forbes was defeated in Virginia's 2nd Congressional District Republican primary on June 14, 2016, by state Delegate Scott Taylor. Forbes, who represented the 4th Congressional District heading into the election, chose to seek election in District 2 after redistricting left his seat as a likely Democratic pickup in the general election. Forbes chose the 2nd District because it was open following incumbent Scott Rigell's decision not to seek re-election. The switch left Forbes vulnerable; since the region was entirely outside of his prior constituency, he was portrayed as an outsider. As a result, Taylor easily defeated Forbes by a margin of nearly 12 percent.[16][17]

U.S. House, Virginia District 2 Republican Primary, 2016 Candidate | Vote % | Votes
Scott Taylor | 52.6% | 21,406
Randy Forbes Incumbent | 40.6% | 16,552
Pat Cardwell  | 6.8% | 2,773
Total Votes | 40,731
Source: Virginia Department of Elections

#### Tim Huelskamp[edit]

Tim Huelskamp

Tim Huelskamp was defeated in Kansas' 1st Congressional District Republican primary on August 2, 2016, by physician Roger Marshall. Huelskamp lost by a significant margin of 13 percent. Outside groups took an interest in the primary battle between Huelskamp and Marshall. In a reversal of the usual narrative, Huelskamp, the incumbent, was supported by the more conservative, anti-establishment wing of the Republican Party, while the challenger, Marshall, received the backing of groups normally associated with establishment Republicans. Huelskamp was endorsed by Sen. Ted Cruz and the Club for Growth, while Marshall received endorsements from the Kansas Farm Bureau and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.[18][19]

U.S. House, Kansas District 1 Republican Primary, 2016 Candidate | Vote % | Votes
Roger Marshall | 56.6% | 59,889
Tim Huelskamp Incumbent | 43.4% | 45,997
Total Votes | 105,886
Source: Kansas Secretary of State

#### Corrine Brown[edit]

Corrine Brown

Corrine Brown was defeated in Florida's 5th Congressional District Democratic primary on August 30, 2016, by former state Sen. Al Lawson. Brown was defeated by a margin of roughly 8 percent. Multiple factors made Brown unusually vulnerable in 2016: she was indicted earlier in the year on "charges of mail and wire fraud, conspiracy, obstruction and filing of false tax returns," and she also only represented roughly 38 percent of the newly drawn 5th District.[20]

U.S. House, Florida District 5 Democratic Primary, 2016 Candidate | Vote % | Votes
Al Lawson | 47.6% | 39,306
Corrine Brown Incumbent | 39% | 32,235
L.J. Holloway  | 13.4% | 11,048
Total Votes | 82,589
Source: Florida Division of Elections

# Presidential coattails[edit]

Of the states that had Republican senators up for election, the senators’ average win was 3.2 percent higher than President-elect Donald Trump’s average win, according to preliminary vote totals.[21] Trump's average win was 55.4 percent, while Republican senators' average win was 58.6 percent.

In Ballotpedia’s battleground races and races to watch, Republican Senators John McCain (Ariz.), Marco Rubio (Fla.), Richard Burr (N.C.), Pat Toomey (Pa.), and Ron Johnson (Wis.) ran ahead of Trump. Trump ran ahead of Senator-elect Todd Young (Ind.) and Senator Roy Blunt (Mo.).

Trump lost Illinois, Nevada, and New Hampshire, and the Republican candidates also lost their races in those states. Senator Mark Kirk ran ahead of Trump in Illinois, Trump ran ahead of Rep. Joe Heck in Nevada, and Sen. Kelly Ayotte ran ahead of Trump in New Hampshire.

Missouri Senator Roy Blunt saw the biggest coattails effect from Trump. Trump won 57.1 percent of the vote, while Blunt won 49.4 percent. In Ohio, Trump saw the largest reverse coattails from Senator Rob Portman, who won the state with 58.3 percent of the vote. Trump earned 52.1 percent of the vote in Ohio.

A full breakdown of the presidential and Senate races appears below.

*Ballotpedia identified the highlighted races as battleground races and races to watch. The vote percentages are from CNN and will be updated after the final results are released.

2016 Republican Presidential and Senate election results

State | Presidential candidate vote % | Senate candidate vote % | Vote % Difference
Alabama | Donald Trump | Incumbent Richard Shelby |
Totals | 62.9% a | 64.2% a | Shelby +1.3%
Alaska | Donald Trump | Incumbent Lisa Murkowski |
Totals | 53.3% a | 43.8% a | Trump +9.5%
Arizona | Donald Trump | Incumbent John McCain |
Totals | 49.5% a | 53.4% a | McCain +3.9%
Arkansas | Donald Trump | Incumbent John Boozman |
Totals | 60.4% a | 59.8% a | Trump +0.6%
Florida | Donald Trump | Incumbent Marco Rubio |
Totals | 49.1% a | 52.1% a | Rubio +3.0%
Georgia | Donald Trump | Incumbent Johnny Isakson |
Totals | 51.4% a | 55.1% a | Isakson +3.7%
Idaho | Donald Trump | Incumbent Mike Crapo |
Totals | 59.0% a | 66.0% a | Crapo +7.0%
Indiana | Donald Trump | Todd Young |
Totals | 57.2% a | 52.2% a | Trump + 5.0%
Iowa | Donald Trump | Incumbent Chuck Grassley |
Totals | 51.7% a | 60.1% a | Grassley +8.4%
Kansas | Donald Trump | Incumbent Jerry Moran |
Totals | 57.2% a | 62.4% a | Moran +5.2%
Kentucky | Donald Trump | Incumbent Rand Paul |
Totals | 62.5% a | +57.3% a | Trump +5.2%
Louisiana | Donald Trump | Multiple Republican candidates |
Totals | 58.1% a | (Race not called) | \-
Missouri | Donald Trump | Incumbent Roy Blunt |
Totals | 57.1% a | 49.4% a | Trump +7.7%
North Carolina | Donald Trump | Incumbent Richard Burr |
Totals | 50.5% a | 51.1% a | Burr +0.6%
North Dakota | Donald Trump | Incumbent John Hoeven |
Totals | 64.1% a | 78.6% a | Hoeven +14.5%
Ohio | Donald Trump | Incumbent Rob Portman |
Totals | 52.1% a | 58.3% a | Portman +6.2%
Oklahoma | Donald Trump | Incumbent James Lankford |
Totals | 65.3% a | 67.7% a | Lankford +2.4%
Pennsylvania | Donald Trump | Incumbent Pat Toomey |
Totals | 48.8% a | 48.9% a | Toomey +0.1%
South Carolina | Donald Trump | Incumbent Tim Scott |
Totals | 55.6% a | 61.2% a | Scott +5.6%
South Dakota | Donald Trump | Incumbent John Thune |
Totals | 61.5% a | 71.8% a | Thune +10.3%
Utah | Donald Trump | Incumbent Mike Lee |
Totals | 45.5% a | 67.4% a | Lee +21.9%
Wisconsin | Donald Trump | Incumbent Ron Johnson |
Totals | 47.9% a | 50.2% a | Johnson +2.3%
California | Donald Trump | No Republican on the ballot |
Totals | 33.3% d | No Republican on the ballot | \-
Colorado | Donald Trump | Darryl Glenn |
Totals | 44.8% d | 45.8% d | Glenn +1.0%
Connecticut | Donald Trump | Dan Carter |
Totals | 41.6% d | 35.3% d | Trump +6.3%
Hawaii | Donald Trump | John Carroll |
Totals | 30.1% d | 22.2% d | Trump +7.9%
Illinois | Donald Trump | Incumbent Mark Kirk |
Totals | 39.4% d | 40.2% d | Kirk +0.8%
Maryland | Donald Trump | Kathy Szeliga |
Totals | 35.3% d | 36.4% d | Szeliga +1.1%
Nevada | Donald Trump | Joe Heck |
Totals | 45.5% d | 44.7% d | Trump +0.8%
New Hampshire | Donald Trump | Incumbent Kelly Ayotte |
Totals | 47.2% d | 47.9% d | Ayotte +0.7%
New York | Donald Trump | Wendy Long |
Totals | 37.5% d | 27.5% d | Trump +10.0%
Oregon | Donald Trump | Mark Callahan |
Totals | 41.3% d | 33.9% d | Trump +7.4%
Vermont | Donald Trump | Scott Milne |
Totals | 32.6% d | 33.0% d | Milne +0.4%
Washington | Donald Trump | Chris Vance |
Totals | 37.7% d | 39.2% d | Vance +1.5%
Totals | Trump's average win: 55.4% | Republican senators' average win: 58.6% | Republican senators +3.2%

# Presidential impact[edit]

Presidential elections have a significant impact on congressional elections, the most obvious of which is increased voter interest and participation. In the last two decades, presidential elections have led to roughly 15 to 20 percent higher turnout rates than in the corresponding midterm.[22] The following chart shows the disparity between voter turnout in presidential elections and midterms.

In the past decade, presidential elections have benefited the Democratic Party, while midterms have helped Republicans. The Democratic Party gained an average of 16 house seats in the last two presidential elections, and the Republican Party picked up an average of 38.5 seats in the last two midterms.[1]

Past partisan breakdowns

Year | Democrats | Republicans | Net change
2014 | 188 | 247 | +13 R
2012 | 201 | 234 | +8 D
2010 | 193 | 242 | +64 R
2008 | 257 | 178 | +24 D
2006 | 233 | 202 | +22 D

### Could Democrats have reclaimed the House?[edit]

Despite the large Republican majority in the House, the following articles explored how the presidential campaign could affect the 2016 House elections. This section highlights what was said by pundits on the possibility of Democrats gaining control of Congress.

* John Sides (The Washington Post) - October 18, 2016: "This model currently predicts that the Democrats will control 204 seats after the 2016 election. That is 16 more than they had after the 2014 election. The margin of error associated with that is plus or minus 8 seats. That forecast implies a very small chance — less than 1 percent — that the Democrats could win the 218 or more seats needed for a majority."[23]

* Sean Trende (RealClear Politics) - October 8, 2016: "What’s more interesting is the House. When Trump first secured the nomination in March, analysts speculated that he could flip the chamber to Democrats. That speculation subsided over the spring and summer, as Trump’s vote share held and Democratic recruiting efforts sputtered. As of today, RealClearPolitics has Republicans favored to lose about 15 House seats – a significant loss, but not enough to flip control."[24]

* Jeff Stein (Vox) - October 8, 2016: "But one political analyst I interviewed earlier this campaign thinks an epic Trump collapse might be enough to overcome that built-in advantage. Geoffrey Skelley, of the University of Virginia’s Center for Politics, argues that a Clinton victory of 6 points or more might be enough to put the House back in play."[25]

* Nate Cohn (The New York Times) - August 23, 2016: "It would not be surprising if the Republican House majority lasted for at least a decade. The structural advantages underpinning it are that strong. The odds of a Clinton presidency are strong, too — and a Democratic White House would probably strengthen the Republican hold on the House, given the tendency for the president’s party to struggle down-ballot. If Democrats are going to retake the House anytime soon, November would probably be their best shot, and as of now it’s not happening."[26]

* David Wasserman (The Cook Political Report) - June 20, 2016: "At the moment, the likeliest outcome seems like a Democratic gain of five to 20 seats (the Cook Political Report rates 22 GOP-held seats as Toss Up, Lean Democratic or Likely Democratic, compared with four Democratic seats in Toss Up, Lean Republican and Likely Republican). In other words, the first few GOP targets are very winnable for Democrats, but the last few needed for a majority would require a wave."[27]

# Committees[edit]

See also: National Republican Congressional Committee

The National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) focuses on building and maintaining a Republican majority in the U.S. House of Representatives.[28]

### NRCC targets[edit]

The following Democratic incumbents were announced as targets by the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) heading into the 2016 election.[29]

National Republican Congressional Committee, Targeted incumbents

District | Incumbent | Open seat?[30]
Arizona's 1st District | Ann Kirkpatrick | Yes
Arizona's 9th District | Kyrsten Sinema | No
California's 3rd District | John Garamendi | No
California's 7th District | Ami Bera | No
California's 26th District | Julia Brownley | No
California's 31st District | Pete Aguilar | No
California's 36th District | Raul Ruiz | No
California's 52nd District | Scott Peters | No
Connecticut's 5th District | Elizabeth Esty | No
Florida's 2nd District | Gwen Graham | No
Florida's 18th District | Patrick Murphy | Yes
Illinois' 17th District | Cheri Bustos | No
Minnesota's 7th District | Collin Peterson | No
Minnesota's 8th District | Rick Nolan | No
Nebraska's 2nd District | Brad Ashford | No
New Hampshire's 2nd District | Ann McLane Kuster | No
New Mexico's 3rd District | Ben Ray Lujan | No
New York's 3rd District | Steve Israel | No
New York's 18th District | Sean Maloney | No

#### Patriot Program[edit]

The NRCC's Patriot Program is designed to help raise money and assist vulnerable incumbents seeking re-election. NRCC Chairman Greg Walden said of those in the program:

“  | Our new Patriots have just shown that they know what it takes to run aggressive, organized, and winning campaigns. They have hit the ground running here in Washington and are tirelessly working hard to help grow the economy and fight for the hard working families and small businesses in their districts. I am proud to call them colleagues and am looking forward to helping ensure that they are able to win re-election and continue to serve beyond 2016.[31][32][33] | ”

|
|

National Republican Congressional Committee Patriot Program 2016

District | Incumbent | Result
Arizona's 2nd District | Martha McSally |
California's 10th District | Jeff Denham |
California's 21st District | David Valadao |
California's 25th District | Steve Knight |
Colorado's 6th District | Mike Coffman |
Florida's 26th District | Carlos Curbelo |
Illinois' 10th District | Robert Dold | d
Illinois' 12th District | Mike Bost |
Illinois' 13th District | Rodney Davis |
Iowa's 1st District | Rod Blum |
Iowa's 3rd District | David Young |
Maine's 2nd District | Bruce Poliquin |
Michigan's 7th District | Tim Walberg |
Michigan's 8th District | Michael Bishop |
New Hampshire's 1st District | Frank Guinta | d
Nevada's 4th District | Cresent Hardy | d
New York's 1st District | Lee Zeldin |
New York's 11th District | Daniel Donovan |
New York's 21st District | Elise Stefanik |
New York's 24th District | John Katko |
Pennsylvania's 6th District | Ryan Costello |
Texas' 23rd District | Will Hurd |
Virginia's 10th District | Barbara Comstock |

#### Young Guns[edit]

The Young Guns program "supports and mentors challenger and open-seat candidates in races across the country." NRCC Chairman Greg Walden said of the initial candidates of the program, "These 32 candidates all provide a stark contrast to their liberal opponents, whose support of bigger government, more spending and President Obama’s job-destroying agenda have steered our country down a dangerous path. With working families still struggling in this weak economy and our national security under increasing threats, we must elect more Republicans to Congress who will work to strengthen our nation. I am confident that these candidates will continue to work hard for their communities and build strong campaigns as we head into the election year."[34][35][36]

National Republican Congressional Committee Young Guns 2016

District | Candidate | Open seat?[30] | Result
Arizona's 1st District | Paul Babeu | Yes | d
California's 3rd District | Eugene Cleek | No | d
California's 7th District | Scott Jones | No | d
California's 20th District | Casey Lucius | Yes | d
California's 24th District | Justin Fareed | Yes | d
California's 27th District | Jack Orswell | No | d
California's 31st District | Paul Chabot | No | d
California's 36th District | Jeff Stone | No | d
California's 52nd District | Denise Gitsham | No | d
Florida's 2nd District | Neal Dunn | No |
Florida's 18th District | Brian Mast | Yes |
Illinois' 8th District | Pete DiCianni | Yes | d
Illinois' 9th District | Joan McCarthy Lasonde | No | d
Illinois' 11th District | Tonia Khouri | No | d
Indiana's 3rd District | Jim Banks | Yes |
Indiana's 9th District | Trey Hollingsworth | Yes |
Maryland's 3rd District | Mark Plaster | No | d
Maryland's 6th District | Amie Hoeber | No | d
Michigan's 1st District | Jack Bergman | Yes |
Michigan's 10th District | Paul Mitchell | Yes |
Minnesota's 2nd District | Jason Lewis | No |
Minnesota's 8th District | Stewart Mills | No | d
Nebraska's 2nd District | Don Bacon | No |
Nevada's 3rd District | Danny Tarkanian | Yes | d
New York's 3rd District | Jack Martins | No | d
New York's 4th District | David Gurfein | No | d
New York's 19th District | John Faso | Yes |
New York's 22nd District | Claudia Tenney | Yes |
Oregon's 5th District | Colm Willis | No | d
Pennsylvania's 8th District | Brian Fitzpatrick | Yes |
Pennsylvania's 16th District | Lloyd Smucker | Yes |
Wisconsin's 8th District | Michael Gallagher | Yes |

### DCCC[edit]

See also: Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee

The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) supports campaigns of Democratic candidates for the U.S. House.[28]

#### DCCC Frontline[edit]

The DCCC's Frontline program is designed to assist Democratic incumbents who represent vulnerable districts. Chairman Ben Ray Lujan said of the program:

“  | Each one of these members knows what it takes to win tough elections: working hard, standing up for your district, and not taking anything for granted. We are adding them to our Frontline Program, led by Representative Dan Kildee, to maximize their resources and ensure they are able to keep fighting to strengthen middle class economics. You don’t add by subtracting, so the success of our Members is integral to our plan to stay on offense in 2016.[37][33] | ”

|
|

The DCCC announced 14 members of the 2016 Frontline Program on February 12, 2015. The following table displays the 2016 members of the Frontline Program.[38]

Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee Frontline Program 2016

District | Incumbent | Open seat?[30] | Result
Arizona's 1st District | Ann Kirkpatrick | Yes |
Arizona's 9th District | Kyrsten Sinema | No |
California's 7th District | Ami Bera | No |
California's 26th District | Julia Brownley | No |
California's 31st District | Pete Aguilar | No |
California's 36th District | Raul Ruiz | No |
California's 52nd District | Scott Peters | No |
Florida's 2nd District | Gwen Graham | No | d
Florida's 18th District | Patrick Murphy | Yes | d
Illinois' 17th District | Cheri Bustos | No |
Minnesota's 8th District | Rick Nolan | No |
Nebraska's 2nd District | Brad Ashford | No | d
New Hampshire's 2nd District | Ann McLane Kuster | No |
New York's 18th District | Sean Maloney | No |

#### Red to Blue[edit]

The DCCC's Red to Blue program exists to highlight Democratic challengers in competitive House races. Chairman Ben Ray Lujan said of the program:

“  | House Democrats are on offense and will pick up seats in November, and these talented and diverse candidates are the foundation of our success. From their campaign teams, to their field game, to their engagement of supporters and voters in their districts, these candidates are ready to take the fight to House Republicans. The American people deserve a House of Representatives that fights for progress and prosperity, not obstruction.[39][33] | ”

|
|

Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee Red to Blue 2016

District | Candidate | Open seat?[30] | Result
Arizona's 1st District | Tom O'Halleran | Yes |
California's 10th District | Michael Eggman | No | d
California's 24th District | Salud Carbajal | Yes |
California's 25th District | Bryan Caforio | No | d
California's 49th District | Douglas Applegate | No | d
Colorado's 3rd District | Gail Schwartz | No | d
Colorado's 6th District | Morgan Carroll | No | d
Florida's 7th District | Stephanie Murphy | No |
Florida's 10th District | Val Demings | No |
Florida's 13th District | Charlie Crist | Yes |
Florida's 18th District | Randy Perkins | Yes | d
Florida's 26th District | Joe Garcia | No | d
Iowa's 1st District | Monica Vernon | No | d
Iowa's 3rd District | Jim Mowrer | No | d
Illinois' 10th District | Brad Schneider | No |
Indiana's 9th District | Shelli Yoder | Yes | d
Kansas' 3rd District | Jay Sidie | No | d
Maine's 2nd District | Emily Cain | No | d
Michigan's 1st District | Lon Johnson | Yes | d
Michigan's 7th District | Gretchen Driskell | No | d
Michigan's 8th District | Suzanna Shkreli | No | d
Minnesota's 2nd District | Angie Craig | Yes | d
Minnesota's 3rd District | Terri Bonoff | No | d
Montana's At-Large District | Denise Juneau | No | d
New Hampshire's 1st District | Carol Shea-Porter | No |
New Jersey's 5th District | Josh Gottheimer | No |
Nevada's 3rd District | Jacky Rosen | Yes |
Nevada's 4th District | Ruben Kihuen | No |
New York's 1st District | Anna Throne-Holst | No | d
New York's 3rd District | Tom Suozzi | Yes |
New York's 19th District | Zephyr Teachout | Yes | d
New York's 21st District | Mike Derrick | No | d
New York's 22nd District | Kim Myers | Yes | d
New York's 23rd District | John Plumb | No | d
New York's 24th District | Colleen Deacon | No | d
Pennsylvania's 8th District | Steve Santarsiero | Yes | d
Pennsylvania's 16th District | Christina Hartman | Yes | d
Texas' 23rd District | Pete Gallego | No | d
Utah's 4th District | Doug Owens | No | d
Virginia's 4th District | Donald McEachin | Yes |
Virginia's 5th District | Jane Dittmar | Yes | d
Virginia's 10th District | LuAnn Bennett | No | d
Wisconsin's 8th District | Tom Nelson | Yes | d

Emerging Races is the second tier of the Red to Blue program. According to the DCCC, it includes the districts "where campaigns are on track and working hard to put seats in play."[39]

Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee Emerging Races 2016

District | Candidate | Open seat?[30]
Alaska's At-Large District | Steve Lindbeck | No
Arizona's 2nd District | Matt Heinz | No
California's 21st District | Emilio Huerta | No
Illinois' 12th District | C.J. Baricevic | No
Indiana's 2nd District | Lynn Coleman | No
Michigan's 6th District | Paul Clements | No
South Carolina's 5th District | Fran Person | No

## Campaign finance[edit]

### DCCC and NRCC[edit]

The NRCC and the DCCC are the two principal political groups that raise funds to elect congressional candidates. The monthly fundraising figures for each committee throughout the 2016 election cycle are displayed in the table below.

DCCC and NRCC monthly fundraising

| Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee | National Republican Congressional Committee
Report | Receipts | Expenditures | Cash on hand | Debt | Receipts | Expenditures | Cash on hand | Debt
Pre-General | $10,205,210 | $34,126,554 | $21,612,756 | $0 | $8,345,840 | $28,406,074 | $26,525,016 | $0
October 2016 | $21,104,886 | $38,748,576 | $45,534,100 | $0 | $9,864,610 | $28,723,765 | $46,585,251 | $0
September 2016 | $10,999,108 | $9,769,721 | $63,177,790 | $0 | $6,658,396 | $5,259,604 | $65,444,406 | $0
August 2016 | $11,986,005 | $7,313,148 | $61,948,402 | $0 | $4,559,861 | $3,811,379 | $64,045,614 | $0
July 2016 | $12,082,519 | $6,001,526 | $57,275,546 | $0 | $9,344,238 | $2,879,015 | $63,297,132 | $0
June 2016 | $8,080,123 | $5,012,480 | $51,194,552 | $0 | $6,156,967 | $2,360,778 | $56,831,909 | $0
May 2016 | $8,585,572 | $4,574,142 | $48,126,909 | $0 | $5,354,797 | $2,308,889 | $53,035,719 | $0
April 2016 | $11,321,340 | $4,241,723 | $44,115,479 | $0 | $13,965,932 | $3,016,854 | $49,989,811 | $0
March 2016 | $7,149,636 | $3,287,942 | $37,035,862 | $0 | $6,333,745 | $1,948,367 | $39,040,733 | $0
February 2016 | $6,431,034 | $2,578,738 | $33,174,169 | $0 | $6,483,827 | $1,938,307 | $34,655,355 | $0
Year-End | $6,701,116 | $3,557,846 | $29,321,872 | $0 | $8,646,968 | $2,222,889 | $30,109,835 | $0
December 2015 | $4,564,220 | $2,807,311 | $26,178,602 | $0 | $2,689,708 | $1,942,546 | $23,685,756 | $0
November 2015 | $5,399,657 | $2,739,869 | $24,421,693 | $0 | $5,058,306 | $1,957,888 | $22,938,594 | $0
October 2015 | $6,622,268 | $2,560,458 | $21,761,905 | $0 | $3,325,054 | $1,785,457 | $19,838,176 | $0
September 2015 | $4,154,282 | $2,608,496 | $17,700,095 | $0 | $2,925,212 | $1,907,428 | $18,298,579 | $0
August 2015 | $4,392,802 | $2,669,171 | $16,154,309 | $0 | $3,699,315 | $1,821,067 | $17,280,795 | $0
July 2015 | $6,905,366 | $2,591,313 | $14,430,678 | $0 | $7,263,127 | $2,525,676 | $15,402,546 | $0
June 2015 | $4,417,024 | $2,487,277 | $10,116,625 | $0 | $3,746,619 | $2,302,242 | $10,665,096 | $0
May 2015 | $5,363,859 | $6,455,002 | $8,186,878 | $0 | $5,089,342 | $2,805,149 | $9,220,720 | $0
April 2015 | $8,182,885 | $5,260,418 | $9,278,020 | $4,000,000 | $17,310,849 | $16,708,324 | $6,936,526 | $0
March 2015 | $5,157,461 | $5,653,299 | $6,355,553 | $6,500,000 | $5,047,436 | $2,327,080 | $6,334,001 | $7,000,000
February 2015 | $6,376,209 | $1,674,255 | $6,851,392 | $10,000,000 | $4,448,611 | $2,312,236 | $3,613,645 | $7,500,000

#### Prior elections[edit]

DCCC and NRCC yearly fundraising

| Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee | National Republican Congressional Committee
Year | Total Receipts | Total Expenditures | Total Receipts | Total Expenditures
2014 | $206,791,979 | $206,130,764 | $153,488,110 | $153,545,450
2012 | $183,843,028 | $183,160,429 | $155,724,601 | $156,728,295
2010 | $163,896,040 | $163,582,271 | $133,779,108 | $132,098,654
2008 | $176,204,612 | $176,518,249 | $118,324,756 | $118,226,373
2006 | $139,994,367 | $140,876,916 | $176,300,627 | $178,063,132

# Campaign issues[edit]

The following section describes public policies that arose during the 114th Congress that became divisive issues on the campaign trail.

### Presidential race[edit]

Both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were ascribed negative attributes and were strongly opposed by certain demographics. Due to the unpopularity of these presidential candidates, many congressional candidates sought to tie their opponent to the top of his or her party's ticket.

### Compromise[edit]

USA Today and Suffolk University released a poll on February 1, 2015, that showed that most Americans wanted to see more compromise between the White House and Congress. Of the adults polled, 76 percent stated that they wanted  President Obama (D) to compromise more with Congress. To the same degree, 72 percent of polled adults stated they wanted Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R) to compromise more with President Obama. By party affiliation, 71 percent of Democrats and 82 percent of Republicans said they wanted President Obama to compromise. For Senator McConnell, 87 percent of Democrats and 57 percent of Republicans wanted him to compromise.[40]

### Affordable Care Act[edit]

Obamacare was one of the dominant issues in the  2014 election and it remained a prominent issue in 2016. The nonpartisan Kaiser Family Foundation conducted multiple polls on opinions regarding Obamacare. In January 2015, 40 percent of participants viewed Obamacare favorably while 46 percent viewed it unfavorably. Another poll also showed that 50 percent of participants felt that it was important to continue the debate over Obamacare. Additionally, 45 percent of participants argued that the debated had gone far enough and the country should focus on other issues. Voters who wanted more debate over Obamacare were more likely to be opposed to the legislation. Those who wanted to focus more on other issues were evenly split in their support of Obamacare.[41]

### Supreme Court and judiciary[edit]

The unexpected death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia on February 13, 2016, caused the Supreme Court appointment to fill the vacancy to become an election issue. Confirmation of a new Supreme Court justice requires 60 votes in the Senate, allowing the Republican-controlled Senate to deny any nominee chosen by President Barack Obama. Several Republican senators, including Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, declared that the next president should have the responsibility of appointing the new justice. McConnell said in a statement, "The American people‎ should have a voice in the selection of their next Supreme Court Justice. Therefore, this vacancy should not be filled until we have a new President."[42]

This raised the issue of Republican obstructionism in battleground states. Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY) said of the issue, "I believe that many of the mainstream Republicans, when the president nominates a mainstream nominee, will not want to follow Mitch McConnell over the cliff. The American people don't like this obstruction. When you go right off the bat and say, 'I don't care who he nominates, I am going to oppose him,' that's not going to fly."[42][43]

### Immigration[edit]

The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is a program established by executive action on June 15, 2012, that allows undocumented individuals who were brought to the United States as children to receive relief from being deported for a period of time if they meet certain criteria. That action was followed by the Deferred Action for Parents of U.S. Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA), which was announced on November 20, 2014, shielding the undocumented parents of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents from deportation.[44]

Both programs came under fire in the presidential race, prompting the call for immigration reform. Securing the southern border with Mexico was also a major facet of the immigration issue.

### Iran nuclear deal[edit]

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

The P5+1 and the European Union, also known as the E3+3, reached an agreement with Iran regarding the development of its nuclear program on July 14, 2015.[45] The deal limits Iran's nuclear development in exchange for sanctions relief.[46]

President Barack Obama and the majority of congressional Democrats lauded the deal, while Republicans largely opposed the deal.

# Special elections[edit]

There were seven special elections required in the House in the 2015-2016 election cycle. Four took place earlier in the year, while three were held at the same time as the general election.

District | Prior Incumbent | General Election Candidates | Election Date | Winner | Partisan Switch?

|
|
|
|
|

New York's 11th | Michael Grimm |  Daniel Donovan
Vincent Gentile
James Lane | May 5, 2015 |  Daniel Donovan | No
Mississippi's 1st | Alan Nunnelee |  Walter Zinn
Boyce Adams
Nancy Collins
Trent Kelly
Quentin Whitwell
Chip Mills
Greg Pirkle
Daniel Sparks
Mike Tagert
Sam Adcock
Ed Holliday
Starner Jones
Henry Ross | May 12, 2015 |  Trent Kelly | No
Illinois' 18th | Aaron Schock |  Robert Mellon
Darin LaHood | September 10, 2015 |  Darin LaHood | No
Ohio's 8th | John Boehner |  Corey Foister
Warren Davidson
James Condit, Jr.
| June 7, 2016 |  Warren Davidson | No
Pennsylvania's 2nd | Chaka Fattah |  Dwight Evans
James Jones | November 8, 2016 |  Dwight Evans | No
Hawaii's 1st | Mark Takai |  Colleen Hanabusa
Peter Cross
Angela Aulani Kaaihue
Howard Kim
Javier Ocasio
Shirlene Ostrov
Alan Yim
Calvin Griffin
Yvonne Perry
Peter Plotzeneder
| November 8, 2016 |  Colleen Hanabusa | No
Kentucky's 1st | Ed Whitfield |  James Comer
Sam Gaskins | November 8, 2016 |  James Comer | No

# Filing deadlines by state[edit]

The table below lists the 2016 congressional primary dates and filing deadlines for each state.[47]

Primary dates and filing deadlines, 2016

State  | Filing deadline for primary candidates  | Primary election
Alabama | 11/6/2015 | 3/1/2016
Alaska | 6/1/2016 | 8/16/2016
Arizona | 6/1/2016 | 8/30/2016
Arkansas | 11/9/2015 | 3/1/2016
California | 3/11/2016 | 6/7/2016
Colorado | 4/4/2016 | 6/28/2016
Connecticut | 6/7/2016 | 8/9/2016
Delaware | 7/12/2016 | 9/13/2016
District of Columbia | 3/16/2016 | 6/14/2016
Florida | 6/24/2016 | 8/30/2016
Georgia | 3/11/2016 | 5/24/2016
Hawaii | 6/7/2016 | 8/13/2016
Idaho | 3/11/2016 | 5/17/2016
Illinois | 11/30/2015 | 3/15/2016
Indiana | 2/5/2016 | 5/3/2016
Iowa | 3/18/2016 | 6/7/2016
Kansas | 6/1/2016 | 8/2/2016
Kentucky | 1/26/2016 | 5/17/2016
Louisiana | 7/22/2016 | 11/8/2016
Maine | 3/15/2016 | 6/14/2016
Maryland | 2/3/2016 | 4/26/2016
Massachusetts | 6/7/2016 | 9/20/2016
Michigan | 4/19/2016 | 8/2/2016
Minnesota | 5/31/2016 | 8/9/2016
Mississippi | 1/8/2016 | 3/8/2016
Missouri | 3/29/2016 | 8/2/2016
Montana | 3/14/2016 | 6/7/2016
Nebraska | 2/16/2016 (incumbents); 3/1/2016 (non-incumbents) | 5/10/2016
Nevada | 3/18/2016 | 6/14/2016
New Hampshire | 6/10/2016 | 9/13/2016
New Jersey | 4/4/2016 | 6/7/2016
New Mexico | 2/2/2016 | 6/7/2016
New York | 4/14/2016 (major parties); 4/21/2016 (write-in); 8/2/2016 (independents); 9/9/2016 (other parties) | 6/28/2016
North Carolina | 2/29/2016 | 3/15/2016 (all non-U.S. House races); 6/7/2016 (U.S. House)
North Dakota | 4/11/2016 | 6/14/2016
Ohio | 12/16/2015 | 3/15/2016
Oklahoma | 4/15/2016 | 6/28/2016
Oregon | 3/8/2016 | 5/17/2016
Pennsylvania | 2/16/2016 | 4/26/2016
Rhode Island | 6/29/2016 | 9/13/2016
South Carolina | 3/30/2016 | 6/14/2016
South Dakota | 3/29/2016 | 6/7/2016
Tennessee | 4/7/2016 | 8/4/2016
Texas | 12/14/2015 | 3/1/2016
Utah | 3/17/2016 | 6/28/2016
Vermont | 5/26/2016 | 8/9/2016
Virginia | 3/31/2016 | 6/14/2016
Washington | 5/20/2016 | 8/2/2016
West Virginia | 1/30/2016 | 5/10/2016
Wisconsin | 6/1/2016 | 8/9/2016
Wyoming | 5/27/2016 | 8/16/2016

## See also[edit]

| Suggest a link

|

* United States Congress elections, 2016
* United States Senate elections, 2016
* Presidential election, 2016
* United States House of Representatives

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 United States House of Representatives, "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives," accessed September 8, 2015
2. ↑ Roll Call, "Can Democrats Win the House in 2016?" January 13, 2015
3. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "House 2016: Gridlock Ahead for a Possible Clinton Administration?" May 28, 2015
4. ↑ The Cook Political Report, "2016 House Race Ratings," accessed November 6, 2016
5. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2016 House," accessed November 6, 2016
6. ↑ The Rothenberg & Gonzales Political Report, "House Ratings," accessed November 6, 2016
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Due to court-ordered redistricting, Florida's 2nd and 10th Congressional Districts and Virginia's 4th Congressional District are expected to flip partisan control. However, Ballotpedia predicts that these races will not be competitive.
8. ↑ ABC 6, "Rep. Chaka Fattah indicted in racketeering case," July 29, 2015
9. ↑ The Hill, "Rep. Chaka Fattah found guilty on corruption charges," June 21, 2016
10. ↑ Politico, "Fattah submits resignation but wants to stay until October," June 22, 2016
11. ↑ ABC 6, "Rep. Chaka Fattah resigns effective immediately," June 23, 2016
12. ↑ Roll Call, "The Unprecedented Action of One Anti-Abortion Group," May 11, 2016
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Politico, "Koch-backed group targets first GOP incumbent in primary," May 12, 2016
14. ↑ The New York Times, "Donald Trump Makes His First Congressional Endorsement," June 6, 2016
15. ↑ The New York Times, "North Carolina Primary Results," June 7, 2016
16. ↑ The New York Times, "Virginia Primary Results," June 14, 2016
17. ↑ Politico, "GOP Rep. Scott Rigell retiring," January 14, 2016
18. ↑ National Review, "What’s Going On in Kansas’s Big First?" August 2, 2016
19. ↑ Politico, "Kansas House Primaries Results," August 2, 2016
20. ↑ ABC News, "US Rep. Corrine Brown Indicted After Fraud Investigation," accessed July 8, 2016
21. ↑ CNN, "Election Results," accessed November 9, 2016
22. ↑ United States Election Project, "Voter Turnout," accessed September 6, 2015
23. ↑ The Washington Post, "Will Donald Trump cost Republicans the House? It’s very unlikely," October 18, 2016
24. ↑ RealClear Politics, "The House May Be in Play," October 8, 2016
25. ↑ Vox, "A Trump collapse could give Democrats back the House. Here’s the math," October 8, 2016
26. ↑ The New York Times, "What Are the Chances That Democrats Retake the House?" August 23, 2016
27. ↑ Five Thirty Eight, "The GOP’s House Majority Is Safe … Right?" June 20, 2016
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 NRCC "About," accessed September 8, 2015 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; name "ab" defined multiple times with different content
29. ↑ NRCC, "NRCC Announces 2016 Top Democrat Targets," February 18, 2015
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 An open seat refers to a race in which the incumbent is not seeking re-election.
31. ↑ Roll Call, "Exclusive: NRCC Announces 12 Members in Patriot Program," February 13, 2015
32. ↑ NRCC, "Patriot Program," accessed September 28, 2016
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
34. ↑ NRCC, "32 Congressional Candidates Announced “On the Radar” as Part of NRCC’s Young Guns Program," November 19, 2015
35. ↑ NRCC, "Young Guns," accessed September 28, 2016
36. ↑ NRCC, "On the Radar," accessed September 28, 2016
37. ↑ DCCC, "Frontline Democrats 2015-2016," February 12, 2015
38. ↑ Roll Call, "Exclusive: DCCC Announces 14 Incumbents in Frontline Program," February 12, 2015
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 DCCC, "Red to Blue," accessed September 28, 2016
40. ↑ USA Today, "Poll: Americans want compromise between Congress & Obama," February 1, 2015
41. ↑ Kaiser Family Foundation, "Kaiser Health Tracking Poll: January 2015," January 28, 2015
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 NPR, "Scalia's Death Will Cast A Long Shadow Across This Year's Senate Races," February 15, 2016
43. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "In search for Scalia's successor, Obama may see GOP opposition as incentive to select a liberal," February 14, 2016
44. ↑ NPR, "As 2016 Elections Loom, So Does A Possible End To DACA," January 3, 2016
45. ↑ The Guardian, "Iran nuclear deal reached in Vienna," July 14, 2015
46. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "Iran, World Powers Reach Nuclear Deal," July 14, 2015
47. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2016 Preliminary Presidential and Congressional Primary Dates," accessed September 21, 2015

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