Clinical biologist

A clinical biologist is a health professional such as a doctor of medicine, pharmacist, chemist or biologist that is specialized in clinical biology, a medical specialty derived from clinical pathology. The concept includes interventional biology, including assisted reproductive technology.

These professionals follow a medical residency whose duration varies between countries (from 3 to 5 years).

This term is frequently used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, and other countries in Western Europe, Africa or Asia.

## Contents

* 1 Europe
* 1.1 France
* 1.2 Switzerland
* 1.3 Belgium
* 2 References
* 3 See also

## Europe

### France

In France, a clinical biologist (biologiste médical) is a doctor in medicine or pharmacy who has completed a four-year specialization in medical biology. The profession is strictly regulated, and clinical biologists are responsible for overseeing and interpreting laboratory analyses. Their training includes a national competitive exam (internat de biologie médicale), followed by a structured residency program in clinical laboratories. They play a key role in laboratory diagnostics, clinical decision-making, and quality management of biological analyses.[1]

### Switzerland

In Switzerland, the equivalent profession to a clinical biologist is the FAMH Specialist in Laboratory Medicine. This title is awarded by the Foederatio Analyticorum Medicinalium Helveticorum (FAMH), the Swiss organization responsible for the postgraduate training and certification of specialists in medical laboratory diagnostics.[2]

To obtain this title, professionals must complete a four-year postgraduate training program, which is carried out alongside employment in an accredited medical laboratory. The program is open to individuals holding a medical degree (MD), a pharmacy degree, or a master’s/PhD in biomedical sciences, biology, or related disciplines. The training covers several specialties, including hematology, clinical chemistry, medical microbiology, immunology, and genetics.

The FAMH Specialist in Laboratory Medicine plays a key role in medical diagnostics. They are responsible for the supervision and interpretation of laboratory analyses, validation of results, and communication with clinicians. They also ensure quality management and compliance with ISO 15189 standards, while contributing to the training and supervision of laboratory technical staff.

The FAMH Specialist title is federally recognized and is a mandatory requirement to lead and validate medical diagnostic laboratories in Switzerland.

### Belgium

In Belgium, a clinical biologist (biologiste clinique) is a medical doctor or pharmacist who has completed a five-year postgraduate specialization in clinical biology (biologie clinique). This specialization is regulated by the Belgian Ministry of Public Health, and clinical biologists work in both hospital and private laboratories. Their training includes rotations in different laboratory disciplines, including hematology, microbiology, and clinical chemistry. They are responsible for interpreting laboratory results, ensuring quality control, and advising clinicians on diagnostic strategies.[3]

## References

1. ↑ "Ordre National des Pharmaciens – Biologie médicale". https://www.ordre.pharmacien.fr/Les-pharmaciens/Les-missions-du-pharmacien/Biologie-medicale.
2. ↑ "FAMH – Postgraduate Training in Laboratory Medicine". https://www.famh.ch/formation-postgraduee-continue/formation-postgraduee-famh/.
3. ↑ "Institut National d'Assurance Maladie-Invalidité (INAMI) – Biologie clinique". https://www.inami.fgov.be.

## See also

* Biological pharmacist
* Medical laboratory
* Clinical laboratory scientist
* Clinical pathology

* v
* t
* e

Pathology

Principles of pathology|

* Disease
* Infection
* Neoplasia
* Cause
* Pathogenesis
* Hemodynamics
* Ischemia
* Inflammation
* Cell damage
* Wound healing

Cellular adaptation

Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Metaplasia

Squamous
Glandular

Cell death

Necrosis

Coagulative necrosis
Liquefactive necrosis
Gangrenous necrosis
Caseous necrosis
Fat necrosis
Fibrinoid necrosis
Myocytolysis
Programmed cell death

Apoptosis
Pyknosis
Karyorrhexis
Karyolysis

Accumulations
pigment

Hemosiderin
Lipochrome/Lipofuscin
Melanin
Steatosis

Anatomical pathology|

* Surgical pathology
* Cytopathology
* Autopsy
* Molecular pathology
* Forensic pathology
* Oral and maxillofacial pathology

* Gross examination
* Histopathology
* Immunohistochemistry
* Electron microscopy
* Immunofluorescence
* Fluorescence in situ hybridization

Clinical pathology|

* Clinical chemistry
* Hematopathology
* Transfusion medicine
* Medical microbiology
* Diagnostic immunology
* Immunopathology

* Enzyme assay
* Mass spectrometry
* Chromatography
* Flow cytometry
* Blood bank
* Microbiological culture
* Serology

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