Cosmon

Excerpt of 1989 paper by Hans Dehmelt

Composition| {{{composition}}}
Status| Hypothetical
Theorized| 1956, Maurice Goldhaber

In physical cosmology, a cosmon or cosmonium is a hypothetical form of early matter. It was introduced by Maurice Goldhaber in 1956. Various attempts to modernize this theory have been proposed since the 1980s.

## Original proposal

Georges Lemaître originally suggested the concept of a "primeval atom" (French: atome primitif) 1946, leading up to the theory of the Big Bang.[1] He illustrated the idea by imagining an object 30 times larger than the volume of the sun containing all the matter of the Universe. Its density would be around 1015g cm−3.[2] In his view, this occurred somewhere between 20 and 60 billion years ago.[3]

The idea of a primeval “super-atom” lived on and was further developed by Maurice Goldhaber in 1956. In his proposal, there would have been a point, which had been called a universon, that would have collapsed into a cosmon and anti-cosmon pair. Goldhaber's theory suffered from the fact that matter existed at all if equal amounts of matter and antimatter were formed in the Big Bang. One explanation for this is the asymmetry of matter, meaning that there could have been slightly more matter than antimatter, for instance 1001 matter particles to every 1000 antimatter. In Goldhaber's model, the cosmon and anticosmon would have flown apart, therefore explaining the issue without asymmetry.[4]

## Modern theories

In 1987, Roberto Peccei, Joan Solà and Christof Wetterich introduced a cosmon model to explain the cosmological constant problem.[5][6]

In 1989, Hans Dehmelt attempted to modernize the idea of the primeval atom. In this hypothesis, cosmonium would have been the heaviest form of matter at the beginning of the Big Bang.[7][8]

## References

1. ↑ Lemaître, Georges (1946) (in fr). L'Hypothèse de l'Atome Primitif. Neuchâtel, Éditions du griffon. OCLC 9863653.
2. ↑ Kragh, Helge (2012-10-04). "‘The Wildest Speculation of All’: Lemaître and the Primeval-Atom Universe". Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. 395. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 29–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32254-9_3. ISBN 978-3-642-32254-9.
3. ↑ "Georges Édouard Lemaître". Encarta Multimedia Encyclopedia. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]. 2009.
4. ↑ Goldhaber, Maurice (1956-08-03). "Speculations on Cosmogony". Science 124 (3214): 218–219. doi:10.1126/science.124.3214.218. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17838075. Bibcode: 1956Sci...124..218G.
5. ↑ Weinberg, Steven (1989-01-01). "The cosmological constant problem" (in en). Reviews of Modern Physics 61 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.61.1. ISSN 0034-6861. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.61.1.
6. ↑ Franklin, Allan; Fischbach, Ephraim (2016-03-03) (in en). The Rise and Fall of the Fifth Force: Discovery, Pursuit, and Justification in Modern Physics. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-28412-5. https://www.google.fr/books/edition/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Fifth_Force/7giyCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=peccei+sola+wetterich+cosmon&pg=PA71&printsec=frontcover.
7. ↑ Dehmelt, Hans (1990-07-01). "Experiments with an isolated subatomic particle at rest". Reviews of Modern Physics 62 (3): 218–219. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.62.525. Bibcode: 1990RvMP...62..525D.
8. ↑ Dehmelt, Hans (1989-11-01). "Triton,... electron,... cosmon,...: An infinite regression?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (22): 8618–8619. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8618. PMID 16594084. Bibcode: 1989PNAS...86.8618D.

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