Outline of plate tectonics

Short description: Hierarchical outline list of articles related to plate tectonics

This is a list of articles related to plate tectonics and tectonic plates.

## Contents

* 1 What is plate tectonics?
* 2 General concepts
* 2.1 Tectonic plate interactions
* 3 Back arc basins
* 4 Continents
* 4.1 Paleocontinents
* 5 Earthquakes
* 6 Oceans
* 6.1 Ancient oceans
* 6.1.1 Superoceans
* 7 Orogenies
* 8 Rifts
* 8.1 Active rifts
* 8.1.1 Continental rifts
* 8.1.2 Oceanic ridges
* 8.2 Aulacogens
* 9 Subduction zones
* 10 Suture zones
* 11 Tectonic plates
* 12 terranes
* 13 Triple junctions
* 14 Other plate tectonics topics
* 15 Specific areas

## What is plate tectonics?

## General concepts

* Earth:Asthenosphere
* Earth:Back-arc basin - Submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones
* Earth:Bimodal volcanism - Eruption of both mafic and felsic lavas from a single volcanic centre
* Earth:Continent
* Crust - Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies
* Earth:Epeirogenic movement - Upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding
* Earth:Fault (geology) - Fracture or discontinuity in rock across which there has been displacement
* Earth:Fault mechanics - Field of study that investigates the behavior of geologic faults
* Earth:Flux melting - The process by which the melting point is reduced by the admixture of a material known as a flux
* Earth:Geodynamics - Study of dynamics of the Earth
* Earth:Island arc - Arc-shaped archipelago formed by intense seismic activity of long chains of active volcanoes
* Mantle - Layer inside a planet between core and crust
* Earth:Mohorovičić discontinuity - Boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle
* Earth:Mountain
* Earth:Mid-ocean ridge, also known as Oceanic ridge - Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Earth:Oceanic trench - Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
* Earth:Paleoclimatology
* Earth:Paleomap - Map of continents and mountain ranges in the past based on plate reconstructions
* Earth:Seamount
* Earth:Slab gap hypothesis - Theory in plate tectonics
* Earth:Slab window - Type of gap in a subducted oceanic plate
* Earth:Supercontinent - Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
* Earth:Volcano

### Tectonic plate interactions

Tectonic plate interactions - Movements of Earth's lithosphere

* Earth:Continental drift - Movement of Earth's continents relative to each other
* Earth:Convergent boundary - Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
* Earth:Divergent boundary - Linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
* Earth:Extensional tectonics - Geological process of stretching planet crust
* Earth:Isostasy
* Earth:Leaky transform fault - Transform fault producing new crust
* Physics:Mantle convection - Gradual movement of the planet's mantle
* Earth:Obduction - Overthrusting of oceanic lithosphere onto continental lithosphere at a convergent plate boundary
* Physics:Orogeny
* Earth:Passive margin - Transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin
* Earth:Plume tectonics - Geophysical theory of movement of mantle plumes under tectonic plates
* Earth:Ridge push - Proposed driving force for tectonic plate motion
* Earth:Seafloor spreading - Geological process at mid-ocean ridges
* Earth:Strike-slip tectonics - Deformation dominated by horizontal movement in Earth's lithosphere
* Earth:Subduction
* Earth:Tectonic uplift - Geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics
* Earth:Thrust tectonics - Concept in structural geology
* Earth:Transform fault, also known as Transform boundary - Plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal
* Earth:Triple junction - Meeting point of three tectonic plates

## Back arc basins

Earth:Back-arc basin - Submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones

## Continents

Earth:Continent

* Earth:Africa
* Earth:Antarctica
* Earth:Asia
* Earth:Australia (continent) - One of Earth's seven main divisions of land
* Earth:Europe
* Earth:North America - Continent
* Earth:South America - Continent

Earth:Supercontinent - Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton

* Earth:Eurasia

### Paleocontinents

Earth:Paleocontinent

* Earth:Amazonian Craton - Geologic province in South America
* Earth:Appalachia (Mesozoic) - A Mesozoic land mass separated from Laramidia to the west by the Western Interior Seaway
* Earth:Arctica - Ancient continent in the Neoarchean era
* Earth:Armorican terrane - Microcontinent or group of continental fragments rifted away from Gondwana
* Earth:Asiamerica - Supercontinent that existed in the Late Cretaceous to Eocene epochs
* Earth:Atlantica - Ancient continent formed during the Proterozoic about 2 billion years ago
* Earth:Australia (continent) - One of Earth's seven main divisions of land (Also known as Sahul)
* Earth:Avalonia
* Earth:Baltica - Late-Proterozoic to early-Palaeozoic continent
* Earth:Cathaysia - Late Paleozoic microcontinent
* Earth:Chilenia - Ancient microcontinent, containing central Chile and western Argentina
* Earth:Chiloé Block - Tectonic unit under Chile
* Earth:Cimmeria (continent) - Ancient string of microcontinents that rifted from Gondwana
* Earth:Congo Craton - Precambrian craton that with four others makes up the modern continent of Africa
* Earth:Chilenia - Ancient microcontinent, containing central Chile and western Argentina
* Earth:Cuyania - Ancient microcontinent now part of Argentina
* Earth:Laramidia - Island continent that existed until the end of the Late Cretaceous period
* Earth:Iberian plate - Small tectonic plate now part of the Eurasian plate
* Earth:Insular India - Isolated land mass which became the Indian subcontinent
* Earth:Kalahari Craton - African geological area
* Earth:Kazakhstania - Geological region in Central Asia
* Earth:Kerguelen Plateau - Oceanic plateau in the southern Indian Ocean
* Earth:Laramidia - Island continent that existed until the end of the Late Cretaceous period
* Earth:Laurentia - A large continental craton that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent
* Earth:Mauritia (microcontinent) - A Precambrian microcontinent that broke away as India and Madagascar separated
* Earth:North China Craton - Continental crustal block in China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea
* Earth:Pampia - Ancient microcontinent or terrane
* Earth:Río de la Plata Craton - Medium-sized continental block in Uruguay, eastern Argentina and southern Brazil
* Earth:São Francisco Craton - Ancient craton in eastern South America
* Earth:Siberia (continent) - Ancient craton forming the Central Siberian Plateau
* Earth:Sundaland - Biogeographic region of Southeast Asia
* Earth:Supercontinent - Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
* Earth:Columbia (supercontinent) - Ancient supercontinent of approximately 2,500 to 1,500 million years ago
* Earth:Euramerica
* Earth:Gondwana
* Earth:Kenorland - Hypothetical Neoarchaean supercontinent from about 2.8 billion years ago
* Earth:Laurasia
* Earth:Nena (supercontinent) - Early Proterozoic supercontinent
* Earth:Pangaea
* Earth:Pannotia - Hypothesized Neoproterozoic supercontinent from the end of the Precambrian
* Earth:Rodinia - Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
* Earth:Ur (continent) - Hypothetical archaean supercontinent from about 3.1 billion years ago
* Earth:Vaalbara

## Earthquakes

Earth:Earthquake

* Earth:Blind thrust earthquake - Movement along a thrust fault that is not visible at the surface
* Earth:Intraplate earthquake - Earthquake that occurs within the interior of a tectonic plate
* Earth:Interplate earthquake - Earthquake that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates
* Earth:Megathrust earthquake - Type of earthquake at convergent plate boundaries

## Oceans

Earth:Ocean - Body of salt water covering the majority of Earth

### Ancient oceans

Earth:List of ancient oceans - List of Earth's former oceans

* Earth:Adamastor Ocean - Precambrian "proto-Atlantic" ocean in the Southern Hemisphere
* Earth:Boreal Sea - Mesozoic-era seaway that lay along the northern border of Laurasia
* Earth:Bridge River Ocean - Ancient ocean between North America and the Insular Islands during the Mesozoic
* Earth:Central American Seaway - Body of water that once separated North America from South America
* Earth:Goianides Ocean - Ocean in South America in Neoproterozoic
* Earth:Goiás Ocean
* Earth:Hudson Seaway - Major seaway of North America during the Cretaceous Period
* Earth:Iapetus Ocean - Ocean that existed in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic eras
* Earth:Khanty Ocean - Small Precambrian ocean between Baltica and the Siberian continent
* Earth:Lapland-Kola Ocean
* Earth:Mirovia
* Earth:Paleo-Tethys Ocean - Ocean on the margin of Gondwana between the Middle Cambrian and Late Triassic
* Earth:Pan-African Ocean - Hypothesized paleo-ocean whose closure created the supercontinent of Pannotia
* Earth:Pannonian Sea - Shallow ancient sea where the Pannonian Basin in Central Europe is today
* Earth:Panthalassa - Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea
* Earth:Paratethys
* Earth:Pharusian Ocean - Ancient ocean that existed from 800 to 635 million years ago
* Earth:Piemont-Liguria Ocean - Former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean
* Earth:Poseidon Ocean - Supposed ocean that existed in the Mesoproterozoic period
* Earth:Pre-Svecofennian Ocean
* Earth:Proto-Tethys Ocean - Ancient ocean that existed from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous
* Earth:Rheic Ocean - Ancient ocean which separated two major palaeocontinents, Gondwana and Laurussia
* Earth:Slide Mountain Ocean - An ancient ocean that existed between the Intermontane Islands and North America
* Earth:Sundance Sea - Inland sea that existed in North America during the mid-to-late Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era
* Earth:Tethys Ocean - Prehistoric ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia
* Earth:Tornquist Sea - Sea between the palaeocontinents Avalonia and Baltica about 600 to 450 million years ago
* Earth:Turgai Sea - Large shallow body of salt water of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras
* Earth:Ural Ocean - Small, ancient ocean between Siberia and Baltica
* Earth:Valais Ocean - Subducted ocean basin. Remnants found in the Alps in the North Penninic nappes.
* Earth:Western Interior Seaway - Prehistoric inland sea that split the continent of North America

#### Superoceans

Earth:Superocean - Ocean that surrounds a supercontinent

* Earth:Mirovia
* Earth:Pan-African Ocean - Hypothesized paleo-ocean whose closure created the supercontinent of Pannotia
* Earth:Panthalassa - Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea

## Orogenies

Physics:Orogeny

* Earth:List of orogenies - Known mountain building events of the Earth's history
* Earth:Mountain formation - Geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains
* Earth:Fold mountains - Mountains formed by compressive crumpling of the layers of rock

## Rifts

Earth:Rift

* Earth:Mid-ocean ridge - Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Earth:Saint Lawrence rift system - Seismically active zone paralleling the Saint Lawrence River

### Active rifts

* Earth:Propagating rift - Seafloor feature associated with spreading centers at mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins

#### Continental rifts

* Earth:Laptev Sea Rift - A divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate

#### Oceanic ridges

* Earth:Aden Ridge - Rift portion in Gulf of Aden
* Earth:Explorer Ridge - Mid-ocean ridge west of British Columbia, Canada
* Earth:Gorda Ridge - Tectonic spreading center off the northern coast of California and southern Oregon
* Earth:Juan de Fuca Ridge - Divergent plate boundary off the coast of the Pacific Northwest region of North America
* Earth:East Pacific Rise - Mid-oceanic ridge at a divergent tectonic plate boundary on the floor of the Pacific Ocean
* Earth:Nazca Ridge - Submarine ridge off the coast of Peru
* Earth:Central Indian Ridge - A north-south-trending mid-ocean ridge in the western Indian Ocean
* Earth:Carlsberg Ridge - Tectonic plate ridge
* Earth:Southeast Indian Ridge - Mid-ocean ridge in the southern Indian Ocean
* Earth:Southwest Indian Ridge - A mid-ocean ridge on the bed of the south-west Indian Ocean and south-east Atlantic Ocean
* Earth:Mid-Atlantic Ridge - A divergent tectonic plate boundary that in the North Atlantic separates the Eurasian and North American plates, and in the South Atlantic separates the African and South American plates
* Kolbeinsey Ridge (North of Iceland)
* Mohns Ridge

### Aulacogens

* Earth:Gulf of Suez Rift - Continental rift zone that was active between the Late Oligocene and the end of the Miocene
* Earth:Kula-Farallon Ridge - Ancient mid-ocean ridge
* Earth:Mississippi embayment - Low-lying basin filled with Cretaceous to recent sediments
* Earth:New Madrid Seismic Zone - Major seismic zone in the southern and midwestern United States
* Earth:Oslo Graben - An inactive Permian geological rift in Norway
* Earth:Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben - Rift valley extending from near Montréal through Ottawa in Canada
* Earth:Timiskaming Graben - Northwesterly extension of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben

## Subduction zones

Subduction zone

* Earth:Middle America Trench - Subduction zone in the eastern Pacific off the southwestern coast of Middle America

## Suture zones

Earth:Suture (geology) - Joining together of separate terranes along a major fault zone

* Earth:Iapetus Suture - Ancient geological fault
* Earth:Indus-Yarlung suture zone - Tectonic suture in southern Tibet
* Earth:Trans-European Suture Zone - Boundary between the East European Craton and the orogens of South-Western Europe
* Earth:Vulcan structure - Convergent tectonic boundary between the Medicine Hat and Loverna Blocks in North America

## Tectonic plates

* Earth:List of tectonic plates
* Earth:African plate - Tectonic plate underlying Africa
* Earth:Anatolian plate - Continental tectonic plate comprising most of the Anatolian Peninsula (Asia Minor)
* Earth:Antarctic plate - Major tectonic plate containing Antarctica and the surrounding ocean floor
* Earth:Arabian plate - Minor tectonic plate
* Earth:Burma plate - Minor tectonic plate in Southeast Asia
* Earth:Cocos plate - Young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America
* Earth:Eurasian plate - Tectonic plate which includes most of Eurasia
* Earth:Explorer plate - Oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada
* Earth:Farallon plate - Ancient oceanic plate that has mostly subducted under the North American plate
* Earth:Gorda plate - One of the northern remnants of the Farallon plate
* Earth:Indian plate - Minor plate that separated from Gondwana
* Earth:Juan de Fuca plate - Small tectonic plate in the eastern North Pacific
* Earth:Halmahera plate - Small tectonic plate in the Molucca Sea
* Earth:Indo-Australian plate - Major tectonic plate formed by the fusion of the Indian and Australian plates
* Earth:Pacific plate - Oceanic tectonic plate under the Pacific Ocean
* Earth:Molucca Sea plate - Small fully subducted tectonic plate near Indonesia
* Earth:Nazca plate - Oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin
* Earth:North American plate - Large tectonic plate including most of North America, Greenland and part of Siberia
* Earth:Philippine Sea plate - Oceanic tectonic plate to the east of the Philippines
* Earth:South American plate - Major tectonic plate
* Earth:Sunda plate - Tectonic plate including Southeast Asia

## terranes

* Earth:Armorican terrane - Microcontinent or group of continental fragments rifted away from Gondwana
* Earth:Avalonia
* Earth:Bronson Hill Arc - Bimodal volcanic arc and associated Ordovician sediments
* Earth:Chilenia - Ancient microcontinent, containing central Chile and western Argentina
* Earth:Chiloé Block - Tectonic unit under Chile
* Earth:Cuyania - Ancient microcontinent now part of Argentina
* Earth:Cymru terrane - Inferred fault bounded terrane of the basement rocks of the southern United Kingdom
* Earth:Florida Platform - Geological feature
* Earth:Franciscan Assemblage - A late Mesozoic terrane of heterogeneous rocks in the California Coast Ranges
* Earth:Ganderia - Terrane in the northern Appalachians which broke off the supercontinent Gondwana
* Earth:Gascoyne Complex - Granite and metamorphic rock in Western Australia
* Earth:Great Lakes tectonic zone - Geologic province
* Earth:Great Valley Sequence - Group of late Mesozoic formations in the Central Valley of California
* Earth:Hebridean terrane - Part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland
* Earth:Ivrea zone - Tectonic terrane in the Italian Alps
* Earth:Lhasa terrane - Fragment of crustal material that forms present-day southern Tibet
* Earth:Meguma terrane - Terrane exposed in southern Nova Scotia
* Earth:Narryer Gneiss terrane
* Earth:Omineca Arc - Volcanic arc terrane in western North America
* Earth:Pampia - Ancient microcontinent or terrane
* Earth:Pelso plate - Small tectonic unit in the Pannonian Basin in Europe
* Earth:Salinian Block - Terrane west of the main trace of the San Andreas Fault system in California
* Earth:Shan–Thai terrane - Mass of continental crust extending from Tibet into Southeast Asia
* Earth:Sonoma Volcanics - Geologic formation of volcanic origin in California
* Earth:Stikinia - Fragment of Earth's crust in British Columbia, Canada
* Earth:Tuareg Shield - Geological formation between the West African craton and the Saharan Metacraton in West Africa
* Earth:Yukon–Tanana terrane - Largest tectonostratigraphic terrane in the northern North American Cordillera

## Triple junctions

Earth:Triple junction - Meeting point of three tectonic plates

* Earth:Boso triple junction - Meeting point of the Okhotsk, Pacific, and Philippine Sea plates
* Earth:Bouvet triple junction - Meeting point of three tectonic plates
* Earth:Chile triple junction - Place where the South American, Nazca and Antarctic tectonic plates meet
* Earth:Mount Fuji - Volcano in Japan
* Earth:Iapetus Suture - Ancient geological fault
* Earth:Karlıova triple junction - Place where the Anatolian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Arabian plate meet
* Earth:Macquarie triple junction - Place where the Indo-Australian plate, Pacific plate, and Antarctic plate meet
* Earth:Mendocino triple junction - Point where the Gorda plate, the North American plate, and the Pacific plate meet
* Earth:Queen Charlotte triple junction - Point where the Pacific plate, the North American plate, and the Explorer plate meet
* Earth:Rivera triple junction - Place where the North American plate, the Rivera plate, and the Pacific plate meet
* Earth:Rodrigues triple junction - Place where the African plate, the Indo-Australian plate, and the Antarctic plate meet
* Earth:Tongareva triple junction - Defunct triple junction of the Pacific Plate, the Farallon Plate, and the Phoenix Plate

## Other plate tectonics topics

* Earth:Paleoclimatology
* Earth:Paleomap - Map of continents and mountain ranges in the past based on plate reconstructions
* Earth:Plate reconstruction - Process of reconstructing the positions of tectonic plates in the geological past
* Earth:Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (before 1954) - Chronological listing of significant events in the history of tectonophysics
* Earth:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis - First key scientific test of the seafloor spreading theory of continental drift and plate tectonics
* Earth:Eclogitization - The tectonic process in which the dense, high-pressure, metamorphic rock, eclogite, is formed

## Specific areas

(to be reallocated)

* Earth:Benham Rise, also known as Benham Plateau - Extinct volcanic ridge in the Philippine Sea
* Earth:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain - Pacific Ocean geologic feature
* Earth:Indian subcontinent - Physiographical region in South Asia
* Earth:Mariana Trench - Deepest oceanic trench on Earth
* Earth:Mid-Atlantic Ridge - A divergent tectonic plate boundary that in the North Atlantic separates the Eurasian and North American plates, and in the South Atlantic separates the African and South American plates
* Earth:Mohorovičić discontinuity - Boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle
* Earth:Molucca Sea Collision Zone - Region of complex tectonic activity in Indonesia
* Earth:Philippine Mobile Belt - Tectonic boundary
* Earth:Ring of Fire - Tectonic belt of earthquakes and volcanoes
* Earth:Tethys Ocean, also known as Tethys Sea - Prehistoric ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia

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