Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy

GDOES at the University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten Upper left: Glow discharge source; Right: Rowland circle in a photo-spectrometer

Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) is a spectroscopic method for the quantitative analysis of metals and other non-metallic solids. The idea was published and patented in 1968 by Werner Grimm from Hanau, Germany.[1][2]

Ordinary atomic spectroscopy can be used to determine the surface of a material, but not its layered structure. In contrast, GDOES gradually ablates the layers of the sample, revealing the deeper structure.

GDOES spectroscopy can be used for the quantitative and qualitative determination of elements and is therefore a method of analytical chemistry.

## Contents

* 1 Process
* 2 Applications
* 3 Further reading
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Process

The metallic samples are used as a cathode in a direct current plasma. From the surface, the sample is removed in layers by sputtering with argon ions. The removed atoms pass into the plasma by diffusion. Photons are emitted with excited waves and have characteristic wavelengths which are recorded by means of a downstream spectrometer and subsequently quantified.

When using a high-frequency alternating voltage for plasma generation and the corresponding construction of the glow discharge source, non-metallic samples can also be examined.

Various instruments are used as sensors. Photomultipliers can detect the slightest traces and also high concentrations of the sensor-specific element. By means of charge-coupled device, a complete element spectrum can be measured with the appropriate layer thickness.

## Applications

Glow discharge spectroscopy is an established method for the characterization of steels and varnishes. Recent developments relate to the analysis of porous electrodes from lithium-ion batteries.[3][4]

## Further reading

* R.Kenneth Marcus, José Broekaert: Glow Discharge Plasmas in Analytical Spectroscopy  Wiley, ISBN 0-471-60699-5
* Thomas Nelis, Richard Payling,: Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy - A Practical Guide

## References

1. ↑ Grimm, W. (1968). "Eine neue glimmentladungslampe für die optische emissionsspektralanalyse". Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 23 (7): 443–454. doi:10.1016/0584-8547(68)80023-0. ISSN 05848547. Bibcode: 1968AcSpe..23..443G.
2. ↑ Grimm Werner, "Glow discharge tube for spectral analysis", StatesUS3543077 United States patent Patent US3543077, published November 24, 1970, assigned to Rsv Prazisionsmessgerate Gmbh
3. ↑ Takahara, Hikari; Shikano, Masahiro; Kobayashi, Hironori (2013). "Quantification of lithium in LIB electrodes with glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES)". Journal of Power Sources 244: 252–258. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.109. ISSN 03787753.
4. ↑ Ghanbari, N.; Waldmann, T.; Kasper, M.; Axmann, P.; Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M. (2015). "Detection of Li Deposition by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy in Post-Mortem Analysis". ECS Electrochemistry Letters 4 (9): A100–A102. doi:10.1149/2.0041509eel. ISSN 2162-8726.

## External links

* Glow Discharges, Glow Discharge Laboratory
* GDOES Theory with excellent illustrations

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Spectroscopy

Vibrational|

* FT-IR
* Raman
* Resonance Raman
* Rotational
* Rotational–vibrational
* Vibrational
* Vibrational circular dichroism
* Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy

UV–Vis–NIR|

* Ultraviolet–visible
* Fluorescence
* Vibronic
* Near-infrared
* Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI)
* Raman optical activity spectroscopy
* Raman spectroscopy
* Laser-induced

X-ray and
photoelectron|

* Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
* Photoelectron
* Atomic
* Emission
* X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
* EXAFS

Nucleon|

* Gamma
* Mössbauer

Radiowave|

* NMR
* Terahertz
* ESR/EPR
* Ferromagnetic resonance

Others|

* Acoustic resonance spectroscopy
* Auger spectroscopy
* Astronomical spectroscopy
* Cavity ring-down spectroscopy
* Circular dichroism spectroscopy
* Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
* Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy
* Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy
* Correlation spectroscopy
* Deep-level transient spectroscopy
* Dual-polarization interferometry
* Electron phenomenological spectroscopy
* EPR spectroscopy
* Force spectroscopy
* Fourier-transform spectroscopy
* Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy
* Hadron spectroscopy
* Hyperspectral imaging
* Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
* Inelastic neutron scattering
* Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
* Mössbauer spectroscopy
* Neutron spin echo
* Photoacoustic spectroscopy
* Photoemission spectroscopy
* Photothermal spectroscopy
* Pump–probe spectroscopy
* Saturated spectroscopy
* Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
* Spectrophotometry
* Time-resolved spectroscopy
* Time-stretch
* Thermal infrared spectroscopy
* Video spectroscopy
* Vibrational spectroscopy of linear molecules

* Category
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