Choreutidae

Short description: Family of moths

Choreutidae

Nettle-tap moth
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Arthropoda
Class:  | Insecta
Order:  | Lepidoptera
Infraorder:  | Heteroneura
Clade:  | Eulepidoptera
Clade:  | Ditrysia
Clade:  | Apoditrysia
Superfamily:  | Choreutoidea
Stainton, 1858
Family:  | Choreutidae
Stainton, 1858
Subfamilies and genera

Brenthiinae

* Brenthia Clemens, 1860
* =Microaethia Chambers, 1878
* Litobrenthia Diakonoff 1978

Choreutinae

* Alasea Rota, 2008
* Anthophila Haworth [1811]
* Asterivora Dugdale, 1979
* Caloreas Heppner, 1977
* Choreutis Hübner [1825]
* =Choreutidia Sauber, 1902
* =Hemerophila Fernald, 1900
* =Allononyma Busck, 1904
* =Macropia Costa, 1836
* Hemerophila Hübner [1817]
* ?Melanoxena Dognin, 1910
* Niveas Rota, 2013
* Ornarantia Rota & Wahlberg, 2012
* Peotyle Diakonoff, 1978
* Prochoreutis Heppner, 1981
* Rhobonda Walker, 1863
* Saptha Walker, 1864
* =Badera Walker, 1866
* =Chordates Snellen, 1877
* Tebenna Billberg, 1820
* =Porpe Hübner, 1825
* Trichocirca Meyrick, 1920
* Telosphrantis Meyrick, 1932
* Tortyra Walker, 1863
* =Choregia Zeller, 1877
* =Walsinghamia Riley, 1889
* Zodia Heppner, 1879

Diversity
402 species

Choreutidae, or metalmark moths, are a family of insects in the lepidopteran order whose relationships have been long disputed. It was placed previously in the superfamily Yponomeutoidea in family Glyphipterigidae and in superfamily Sesioidea. It is now considered to represent its own superfamily (Minet, 1986). The relationship of the family to the other lineages in the group "Apoditrysia" need a new assessment, especially with new molecular data.

## Contents

* 1 Distribution
* 2 Behaviour
* 3 Larval hostplants
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 Sources
* 7 External links

## Distribution

The moths occur worldwide, with 19 genera in three subfamilies defined by the structural characteristics of the immature stages (larvae and pupae), rather than the characters of the adults (Heppner and Duckworth, 1981; Rota, 2005).

## Behaviour

These small moths often bear metallic scales[1] and are mostly day-flying (some also come to lights), with a jerky, pivoting behaviour, and may fluff up their wings at an extreme angle. Some tropical exemplars such as the genus Saptha are quite spectacular, with bright green metallic bands.[2] The members of the genus Brenthia, usually placed in their own subfamily Brenthiinae, have eyespots on the wings and have been shown to mimic jumping spiders (Rota and Wagner, 2006).

## Larval hostplants

Most species skeletonize leaves often among silken webbing.[3] The foodplants of many Choreutinae occurring in the temperate region and some tropical species are known [4] being dominated by Asteraceae, Betulaceae, Boraginaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Labiatae, Moraceae (mainly Ficus), Rosaceae, Sapindaceae and Urticaceae. The European nettle-tap moth (Anthophila fabriciana Linnaeus, 1767), [nb 1]is a familiar sight pirouetting around "stinging nettles" Urtica and nearby flowers while Choreutis pariana [5] skeletonizes apple leaves. The last genus has 85 species worldwide one of which, C. tigroides, is a pest of "jackfruit" (Artocarpus) (Dugdale et al., 1999).

## Notes

1. ↑ illustrated here

## References

1. ↑ "choreutid genera". http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/people/rota/choreutid_genera/choreutid_genera.html.
2. ↑ "Australian Moths Online :: Saptha libanota :: 1". 2007-09-15. http://www.ento.csiro.au/gallery/moths/Sapthalibanota/saptha_libanota_01.
3. ↑ Prochoreutis myllerana - UKMoths
4. ↑ "HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants". http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/hostplants/search/list.dsml?searchPageURL=index.dsml&Familyqtype=starts+with&Family=Choreutidae&PFamilyqtype=starts+with&PFamily=&Genusqtype=starts+with&Genus=&PGenusqtype=starts+with&PGenus=&Speciesqtype=starts+with&Species=&PSpeciesqtype=starts+with&PSpecies=&Country=&sort=Family.
5. ↑ "Apple Leaf Skeletonizer Choreutis pariana". http://ukmoths.org.uk/show.php?id=1949.

## Sources

* Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders. 2002. ISBN 1-55297-612-2.
* Dugdale, J.S., Kristensen, N.P., Robinson, G.S. and Scoble, M.J. (1999) [1998]. The smaller microlepidoptera grade superfamilies, Ch.13., pp. 217–232 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
* Heppner, J. B.; Duckworth, W. D. (1981). "Classification of the superfamily Sesioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 314 (314): 1–144. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.314.
* Minet, J. (1986). "Ébauche d'une classification moderne de l'ordre des Lépidoptères". Alexanor 14 (7): 291–313.
* Rota, J. (2005). "Larval and Pupal Descriptions of the Neotropical Choreutid Genera Rhobonda Walker and Zodia Heppner (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98 (1): 37–47. 1 January 2005. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0037:LAPDOT2.0.CO;2]. http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-pdf&doi=10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0037:LAPDOT]2.0.CO;2.
* Rota, J.; Wagner, D.L. (2006). "Predator Mimicry: Metalmark Moths Mimic Their Jumping Spider Predators". PLOS ONE 1 (1): e45. 20 December 2006. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000045. PMID 17183674. Bibcode: 2006PLoSO...1...45R.

## External links

* "Tree of Life". http://tolweb.org/Choreutidae.
* "UK Moths Choreutidae". http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/search.php?entry=Choreutidae.
* "LepIndex list of species and genera in family Choreutidae". http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/search/list/?indexed_from=1&page_no=1&family=Choreutidae&page_size=500.
* "La Selva Costa Rica species". http://esa.confex.com/esa/2002/techprogram/paper_7442.htm.
* "Millieria". http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subimages.cfm?SUB=12045.
* "Larvae and cocoons". http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/people/rota/natural_history/natural_history.html.
* "Representative genera". http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/people/rota/choreutid_genera/choreutid_genera.html.
* "Choreutinae resting postures". http://bugguide.net/node/view/9751/bgpage.

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* t
* e

Extant Lepidoptera families

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Arthropoda
* Class: Insecta
* Subclass: Pterygota
* Infraclass: Neoptera
* Superorder: Endopterygota

Suborder Zeugloptera

| Micropterigoidea|

Micropterigidae (mandibulate archaic moths)

|

Suborder Aglossata

| Agathiphagoidea|

Agathiphagidae (kauri moths)

|

Suborder Heterobathmiina

| Heterobathmioidea|

Heterobathmiidae

|

Suborder Glossata

| Dacnonypha|

| Eriocranioidea|

* Eriocraniidae

|

Acanthoctesia|

| Acanthopteroctetoidea|

* Acanthopteroctetidae (archaic sun moths)

|

Lophocoronina|

| Lophocoronoidea|

Lophocoronidae

|

Neopseustina|

| Neopseustoidea|

* Aenigmatineidae
* Neopseustidae (archaic bell moths)

|

Exoporia|

| Hepialoidea|

* Anomosetidae
* Hepialidae (swift moths, ghost moths)
* Neotheoridae (Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
* Palaeosetidae (miniature ghost moths)
* Prototheoridae (African primitive ghost moths)

|

Mnesarchaeoidea|

* Mnesarchaeidae (New Zealand primitive moths)

| M

| Adeloidea|

Adelidae (fairy longhorn moths)
Cecidosidae
Heliozelidae
Incurvariidae
Prodoxidae (yucca moths)

|

Andesianoidea|

* Andesianidae (Andean endemic moths)

Nepticuloidea|

Nepticulidae (pigmy, or midget moths)
Opostegidae (white eyecap moths)

Palaephatoidea|

Palaephatidae (Gondwanaland moths)

Tischerioidea|

Tischeriidae (trumpet leaf miner moths)

| Simaethistoidea|

Simaethistidae

|

Tineoidea|

Acrolophidae (burrowing webworm moths)
Arrhenophanidae
Eriocottidae (Old World spiny-winged moths)
Lypusidae
Psychidae (bagworm moths)
Tineidae (fungus moths)

Gracillarioidea|

Bucculatricidae (ribbed cocoon makers)
Douglasiidae (Douglas moths)
Gracillariidae
Roeslerstammiidae

Yponomeutoidea|

Acrolepiidae (false diamondback moths)
Bedelliidae
Glyphipterigidae (sedge moths)
Heliodinidae
Lyonetiidae
Plutellidae
Yponomeutidae (ermine moths)
Ypsolophidae

Gelechioidea|

Autostichidae
Batrachedridae
Blastobasidae
Coleophoridae (case-bearers, case moths)
Cosmopterigidae (cosmet moths)
Elachistidae (grass-miner moths)
Gelechiidae (twirler moths)
Lecithoceridae (long-horned moths)
Metachandidae
Momphidae (mompha moths)
Oecophoridae (concealer moths)
Pterolonchidae
Scythrididae (flower moths)
Xyloryctidae (timber moths)

Galacticoidea|

Galacticidae

Zygaenoidea|

Heterogynidae
Zygaenidae (burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
Himantopteridae
Lacturidae
Somabrachyidae
Megalopygidae (flannel moths)
Aididae
Anomoeotidae
Cyclotornidae
Epipyropidae (planthopper parasite moths)
Dalceridae (slug caterpillars)
Limacodidae (slug, or cup moths)

Cossoidea|

Cossidae (carpenter millers, or goat moths)
Dudgeoneidae (dudgeon carpenter moths)

Sesioidea|

Brachodidae (little bear moths)
giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
Sesiidae (clearwing moths)

Choreutoidea|

Choreutidae (metalmark moths)

Tortricoidea|

Tortricidae (tortrix moths)

Urodoidea|

Urodidae (false burnet moths)

Schreckensteinioidea|

Schreckensteiniidae (bristle-legged moths)

Epermenioidea|

Epermeniidae (fringe-tufted moths)

Alucitoidea|

Alucitidae (many-plumed moths)
Tineodidae (false plume moths)

Pterophoroidea|

Pterophoridae (plume moths)

Whalleyanoidea|

Whalleyanidae

Immoidea|

Immidae

Copromorphoidea|

Copromorphidae (tropical fruitworm moths)
Carposinidae (fruitworm moths)

Thyridoidea|

Thyrididae (picture-winged leaf moths)

Calliduloidea|

Callidulidae (Old World butterfly-moths)

Papilionoidea
(butterflies)|

Papilionidae (swallowtail butterflies)
Hedylidae (American moth-butterflies)
Hesperiidae (skippers)
Pieridae (whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
Riodinidae (metalmarks)
blues, coppers and relatives)
Nymphalidae (brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)

Hyblaeoidea|

Hyblaeidae (teak moths)

Pyraloidea|

Pyralidae (snout moths)
Crambidae (grass moth)

Mimallonoidea|

Mimallonidae (sack bearer moths)

Lasiocampoidea|

Lasiocampidae (eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)

Bombycoidea|

Anthelidae (Australian lappet moth)
Apatelodidae (American silkworm moths)
Bombycidae (silk moths)
Brahmaeidae (Brahmin moths)
Carthaeidae (Dryandra moth)
Endromidae (Kentish glory and relatives)
Eupterotidae
Phiditiidae
Saturniidae (saturniids)
Sphingidae (hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)

Noctuoidea|

Erebidae (underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
Euteliidae
Noctuidae (daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
Nolidae (tuft moths)
Notodontidae (prominents, kittens)
Oenosandridae

Drepanoidea|

Drepanidae (hook-tips)
Cimeliidae (gold moths)
Doidae

Geometroidea|

Sematuridae
Pseudobistonidae
Epicopeiidae (oriental swallowtail moths)
Uraniidae
Geometridae (geometer moths)

Superfamily unassigned|

Millieriidae

Note: division Monotrysia is not a clade.

* Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
* Lists by region

Wikidata ☰ Q1129651 entry

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