List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

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Selected phylogeny

This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

## Contents

* 1 Plants
* 2 Fungi
* 3 Animals
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Plants

Main pages: List of psychoactive plants and Psychoactive plantPsychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples:

* Cannabis: cannabinoids
* Tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
* Coca: cocaine
* Opium Poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine
* Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
* Khat: cathine and cathinone
* Kava: kavalactones
* Nutmeg: myristicin

* Nightshade (Solanaceae) plants containing hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine:
* Datura
* Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
* Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
* Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
* Other Solanaceae

Peyote

* Psychoactive cacti, which contain mainly mescaline:
* Peyote
* Other Lophophora
* Peruvian Torch cactus
* San Pedro cactus
* Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus (syn. Echinopsis peruviana)
* Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi (syn. Echinopsis pachanoi)
* Other Echinopsis

* Mild stimulant and vasoconstrictor plants that contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
* Coffee
* Tea (also contains theanine)
* Guarana
* Yerba Mate
* Cocoa
* Kola

Anadenanthera colubrina produces beans used for cebil

Areca palms in Ponda, India

* Other plants:
* Mimosa hostilis: DMT
* Chacruna: DMT, NMT
* Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin
* Mucuna pruriens
* Morning glory species, notably Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: lysergic acid amide
* Monotropa uniflora: Grayanotoxin (also found in Rhododendron pollen and Mad Honey)
* Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine
* Ephedra: ephedrine
* Acacia species
* Damiana
* Calea zacatechichi
* Silene capensis
* Valerian
* Areca nut: arecaidine and arecoline
* Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine, and corynantheidine
* Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
* Nymphaea caerulea (Egyptian lotus or blue lotus): apomorphine, nuciferine
* Yohimbe: yohimbine
* Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
* Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy, yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy): glaucine
* California poppies: Protopine and Californidine

## Fungi

* Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin
* Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid, muscimol, and muscarine
* Dictyonema huaorani: psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT
* Collybia maculata: collybolide[1]

## Animals

P. clavata (violescent sea-whip)

* Colorado River toad (Sonoran Desert toad or Bufo alvarius): 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
* Asiatic toad and certain tree frogs (Osteocephalus taurinus, Osteocephalus oophagus, and Osteocephalus langsdorfii): bufotenin

* Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides, including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II, and dermorphin
* Hallucinogenic fish
* Ocean life containing DMT analogs:
* Smenospongia aurea: 5-Bromo-DMT[2][3]
* Smenospongia echina: 5,6-Dibromo-DMT[2][3]
* Verongula rigida: 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.[2][3]
* Eudistoma fragum: 5-Bromo-DMT[2]
* Paramuricea clavata: DMT, NMT[2]
* Villogorgia rubra: NMT[2]

## See also

* List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms
* List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation
* List of substances used in rituals
* Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record
* List of plants used for smoking
* Medicinal fungi

## References

1. ↑ Gupta, Achla; Gomes, Ivone; Bobeck, Erin N.; Fakira, Amanda K.; Massaro, Nicholas P.; Sharma, Indrajeet; Cavé, Adrien; Hamm, Heidi E. et al. (24 May 2016). "Collybolide is a novel biased agonist of κ-opioid receptors with potent antipruritic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (21): 6041–6046. doi:10.1073/pnas.1521825113. PMID 27162327. Bibcode: 2016PNAS..113.6041G.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Shulgin, Alexander (1997). TIHKAL: The Continuation. Transform Press. ISBN 9780963009692. https://books.google.com/books?id=jl_ik66IumUC.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Sea DMT". Vice Magazine. 2013-03-26. https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/znqdve/sea-dmt-000481-v20n3.

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