Ethernet VPN

Short description: Technology for carrying Ethernet traffic over wide area networks

Ethernet VPN (EVPN) is a technology for carrying layer 2 Ethernet traffic as a virtual private network using wide area network protocols. EVPN technologies include Ethernet over Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Ethernet over Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN).[1][2]

EVPN uses encapsulation methods to enhance the efficiency and scalability of Ethernet traffic over MPLS or IP-based networks. The Ethernet frames are encapsulated within MPLS or VXLAN headers for transport.

## MPLS encapsulation

In MPLS-based EVPN, Ethernet frames are encapsulated with:

1. MPLS label stack: Each EVPN instance is associated with a unique label that helps in identifying the destination bridge domain.
2. Control word (optional): Provides additional information for synchronization and alignment in certain scenarios.

The encapsulated packet flow includes:

* Original Ethernet frame
* MPLS labels
* Outer IP header (in case of IP/MPLS networks)

EVPNs are covered by a number of Internet RFCs, including:

* Template:Sum RFC
* Template:Sum RFC
* Template:Sum RFC
* Template:Sum RFC
* Template:Sum RFC

## See also

* Virtual Private LAN Service

## References

1. ↑ "EVPN Overview - TechLibrary - Juniper Networks". https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/evpns-overview.html.
2. ↑ "Understanding EVPN with VXLAN Data Plane Encapsulation - TechLibrary - Juniper Networks". https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/evpn-vxlan-data-plane-encapsulation.html.

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Virtualization software

Comparison of platform virtualization software

Hardware
virtualization
(hypervisors)|

| Native|

* Adeos
* CP/CMS
* Hyper-V
* KVM
* Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization
* LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC
* Logical Partition (LPAR)
* LynxSecure
* PikeOS
* Proxmox VE
* SIMMON
* VMware ESXi
* VMware vSphere
* vCloud
* VMware Infrastructure
* Xen
* Oracle VM Server for x86
* XenServer
* XtratuM
* z/VM

|

Hosted|

| Specialized|

* Basilisk II
* bhyve
* Bochs
* Cooperative Linux
* DOSBox
* DOSEMU
* PCem
* PikeOS
* SheepShaver
* SIMH
* Windows on Windows
* Virtual DOS machine
* Win4Lin

|

Independent|

* Microsoft Virtual Server
* Parallels Workstation
* Parallels Desktop for Mac
* Parallels Server for Mac
* PearPC
* QEMU
* VirtualBox
* Virtual Iron
* VMware Fusion
* VMware Player
* VMware Server
* VMware Workstation
* Windows Virtual PC

Tools|

* Ganeti
* oVirt
* System Center Virtual Machine Manager
* Virtual Machine Manager

OS-level
virtualization|

| Full stack|

* Container Linux
* Docker
* iCore Virtual Accounts
* Linux-VServer
* Turbo
* Virtuozzo

|

Backends|

* chroot
* cgroups
* FreeBSD jail
* Linux namespaces
* lmctfy
* LXC
* OpenVZ
* seccomp
* vkernel
* Solaris Containers
* Workload Partitions

Orchestration|

* Amazon ECS
* Kubernetes
* OpenShift

Desktop
virtualization|

* Citrix XenApp
* Citrix XenDesktop
* Remote Desktop Services
* VMware Horizon View
* Ulteo Open Virtual Desktop

Application
virtualization|

* Ceedo
* Citrix XenApp
* Dalvik
* InstallFree
* Microsoft App-V
* Remote Desktop Services
* Symantec Workspace Virtualization
* Turbo
* VMware ThinApp
* ZeroVM

Network
virtualization|

* Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet (DOVE)
* NVGRE
* Open vSwitch
* Virtual security switch
* Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN)

See also: List of emulators

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Virtual private networking

Communications protocol|

* SSTP
* IPsec
* L2TP
* L2TPv3
* PPTP
* Split tunneling
* SSL/TLS
* (Opportunistic: tcpcrypt)

Free software|

* Cloudvpn
* FreeLAN
* FreeS/WAN
* Libreswan
* n2n
* OpenConnect
* OpenIKED
* Openswan
* OpenVPN
* Social VPN
* SoftEther VPN
* strongSwan
* tcpcrypt
* tinc
* VTun
* WireGuard
* Shadowsocks

Vendor-driven protocols|

* Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol
* DirectAccess

Proprietary software|

* Avast SecureLine VPN
* Check Point VPN-1
* Cisco Systems VPN Client
* LogMeIn Hamachi
* Microsoft Forefront Unified Access Gateway
* Hola
* Tunnelbear
* NordVPN
* SaferVPN
* ExpressVPN
* ProtonVPN
* PureVPN
* VPN.ht
* Private Internet Access

Risk vectors|

* Content-control software
* Deep content inspection
* Deep packet inspection
* IP address blocking
* Network enumeration
* Stateful firewall
* TCP reset attack
* VPN blocking

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