List of sound chips

Short description: none

Sound chips come in different forms and use a variety of techniques to generate audio signals. This is a list of sound chips that were produced by a certain company or manufacturer, categorized by the sound generation of the chips.

## Contents

* 1 Programmable sound generators (PSG)
* 2 Wavetable synthesis
* 3 Frequency modulation (FM) synthesis
* 4 Pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Programmable sound generators (PSG)

See also: Engineering:Programmable sound generator

Manufacturer  | Chip  | Year  | Channels  | Applications  | Notes  | Ref

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Atari, Inc. | Television Interface Adaptor (TIA)  | 1977  | 2  | Atari 2600 and Atari 7800 video game consoles, Video Music (music visualizer for TV)  | Combined sound and graphics chip, metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit | [1]
POKEY | 1979  | 4  | Atari 8-bit, Atari 5200, some Atari arcade machines, certain Atari 7800 cartridges |  | [2]
Atari AMY | 1983  | 64/8  | Intended for 65XEM (never released)  | HMOS (depletion mode NMOS) chip, additive synthesis chip (64 oscillators, 8 frequency ramps)  | [3]
Atari MIKEY | 1989  | 4  | For the Atari Lynx  | Combined sound and LCD driver, has 4-channels with an 8-bit DAC  |
General Instrument | AY-3-8910  | 1978  | 3  | Arcade boards (DECO,[4] Taito Z80,[5] Konami Scramble,[6] Irem M27,[7] Konami 6809,[8] Capcom Z80[9]), computers (Colour Genie, Oric 1, MSX, Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum 128, Elektor TVGC, Mockingboard, Speech/Sound Program Pak (TRS-80 Color Computer)), Intellivision | N-type MOS (NMOS) large-scale integration (LSI) chip  | [10]
SP0250 | 1981  | 1  | Sega G80 arcade system board  | Linear predictive coding (LPC) speech synthesis NMOS chip  | [11]
SP0256 | 1984  | 1  | Intellivoice (Intellivision), MicroSpeech (ZX Spectrum), Datel Electronics Vox Box (ZX Spectrum), Tandy Voice Synthesizer (TRS-80), VIC-20 and Atari 8-bit serial-connected and homebrew kits, Fuzzbuster radar detector | LPC speech synthesis NMOS LSI chip  | [12]
Konami | RC  | 1981  | 1  | Konami Scramble and Gyruss arcade system boards  |  | [13][14]
VRC6  | 1989  | 3  | Certain Konami-produced Famicom cartridges  |  | [15]
MOS Technology | VIC (6560 / 6561) | 1977  | 4  | VIC-1001 and VIC-20  | Combined sound and graphics NMOS chip  | [16]
SID (6581 / 8580) | 1981  | 3  | Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 computers, Elektron SidStation synthesizer sound module | NMOS chip (6581) / HMOS-II chip (8580)  | [17][18]
TED (7360 / 8360) | 1983  | 2  | Commodore 16, Commodore Plus/4  | HMOS chip  | [19]
Microchip Technology | AY8930 | 1989  | 3  | Covox Sound Master Card  |  |
Oki Electric Industry | Oki MSM5232  | 1983  | 8  | Arcade games (particularly Taito games), Korg Poly-800 polyphonic synthesiser  | Complementary MOS (CMOS) chip  | [20][18][21]
Philips | Philips SAA1099 | 1984  | 6  | SAM Coupé, Creative Music System (also known as Game Blaster)  |  | [22]
Ricoh | Ricoh 2A03 / 2A07  | 1983  | 5  | Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) home console (hardware expandable), arcade game Punch-Out!! | NMOS chip, delta modulation channel (DMC) is for pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling, 7-bit DAC.  | [23]
Sega | Sega Melody Generator  | 1981  | 1  | Sega G80 arcade system board  |  | [24]
Sharp Corporation | Sharp LR35902 | 1989  | 4  | Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance  | In Game Boy Advance, it's used for Game Boy/Game Boy Color mode and supports software-mixed PCM as a secondary function.  | [25]
Sharp SM8521  | 1997  | 1  | Game.com  | Noise generator  |
Sunsoft | Sunsoft 5B | 1992  | 3  | Famicom cartridge Gimmick! | Derivative of Yamaha YM2149F  | [26]
Texas Instruments | SN76477  | 1978  | 1  | Space Invaders arcade system board, ABC 80 |  | [27]
LPC Speech Chips | 1978  | 1  | Speak & Spell, Speak & Math, Speak & Read, arcade games  | Pitch-excited LPC (PE-LPC) speech synthesizer, digital signal processor (DSP), P-type MOS (PMOS) chip  |
SN76489 (DCSG)  | 1979  | 4  | Various arcade system boards, Master System console, BBC Micro home computer, Sharp MZ-800, IBM PCjr and TI-99/4A computers  |  | [28]
SN76489A (DCSG)  | 1982  | 4  | ColecoVision and SG-1000 consoles  |
SN76496  | 1982  | 4  | Tandy 1000 computer  |  | [29]
TMS3615  | 1981  | 2  | Arcade games  |  | [30]
TMS3617  |  |  |  |  |
TMS3630  |  |  |  |  |
TMS3631-RI104 / RI105  |  |  |  |  |
Toshiba | Toshiba T7766A  | 1988  | 3  | Some MSX models (MSX-Engine)  | AY-3-8910 compatible chip (has the same pinout)  |
Unisonic Technologies Company  | UM66, TXXL series  |  | 1 or 2  |  | 3-pin CMOS LSI based chip that contains pre-programmed read-only memory (ROM)  | [31]
Yamaha | Yamaha YM2149 (SSG)  | 1983  | 3  | Various arcade boards, MSX computers (including Yamaha CX5M), Atari ST computer  | NMOS LSI chip based on AY-3-8910  | [32][33][34]
Yamaha / Sega VDP PSG (SN76496)  | 1984  | 4  | SG-1000 II, Master System, Mega Drive/Genesis and Pico consoles, Game Gear handheld game console | Based on Texas Instruments SN76496. Integrated into the Yamaha YM2217, Yamaha YM2602, and Yamaha YM7101 VDP chips.
In Mega Drive/Genesis, it is both secondary to the Yamaha YM2612 FM chip and for Master System mode.  | [35]
Yamaha YM3439 (SSGC)  | 1991  | 3  | Atari Falcon and MSX computers  | CMOS LSI variant of YM2149  | [36]

## Wavetable synthesis

Manufacturer(s)  | Chip  | Year  | Channels  | Applications  | Notes  | Ref

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Atmel / Dream  | SAM9407  | 1993  | 4  | Quasimidi digital synthesizers (Caruso, Quasar,[37][38] Technox, Raven, Raven MAX), computer sound cards (Guillemot Maxi Sound 64 Dynamic 3D, Maxi Sound Home Studio 64 Pro, Hoontech ST128 Gold & Ruby and Soundtrack Digital Audio, TerraTec AudioSystem EWS64L/XL/XXL/SHome Studio Pro 64, Home Studio)  | High-speed CMOS (HCMOS) chip  | [39][40]
SAM9707  | 1998  | 4  | Quasimidi digital synthesizers (Rave-O-Lution 309, Sirius, Polymorph)  | Digital signal processor (DSP) core  | [41][42]
Ensoniq | Ensoniq 5503  | 1984  | 32  | Mirage synthesizer and Apple IIGS computer  |  | [43]
Hudson Soft / NEC / Epson | Hudson Soft HuC6280  | 1987  | 6  | NEC's PC Engine (TurboGrafx-16) console  | CMOS chip  | [44]
Konami | Konami SCC  | 1987  | 5  | Certain arcade system boards, game cartridges for MSX |  | [45]
Namco | Namco WSG (Waveform Sound Generator)  | 1980  | 3  | Several Namco arcade system boards (including Namco Pac-Man and Namco Galaga)  |  | [46][47]
Namco 52xx (Audio Processor)  | 1981  | 1  | Namco Galaga and Namco Pole Position arcade system boards  |  | [48][47]
Namco 54xx (Audio Generator)  | 1982  | 8  | Namco Pole Position arcade system board  |  | [48]
Namco 15xx (WSG)  | 1982  | 8  | Namco Super Pac-Man arcade system board  |  | [47][49]
Namco CUS30  | 1984  | 8  | Namco Pac-Land, Namco Thunder Ceptor, System 86 and Namco System 1 arcade boards  | Similar to the earlier 15xx WSG, but capable of stereo sound.  | [47]
Namco 163 (N163)  | 1987  | 8  | Namco-produced Famicom games  |  | [50]
Nintendo | VSU-VUE  | 1995  | 6  | Virtual Boy portable console  | Silicon-gate CMOS chip  |
Ricoh | Ricoh 2C33  | 1986  | 1  | Famicom Disk System  |  |
Sharp Corporation | Sharp LR35902 | 1989  | 1  | Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance  | In Game Boy Advance, it's used for Game Boy/Game Boy Color mode and supports software-mixed PCM as a secondary function.  | [25]
Sharp SM8521  | 1997  | 2  | Game.com  |  |

## Frequency modulation (FM) synthesis

Manufacturer  | Chip  | Year  | Total FM operators  | Max FM channels  | Max ops / channel  | Applications  | Notes  | Ref

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ESS Technology | ESFM synthesizer  | 1994  | 72  | 18  | 4  | Most ESS Tech sound chips (ES1868/69 being most common)  | Based on Yamaha YMF262 (OPL3) silicon-gate CMOS chip. Includes wavetable interface. Two modes, one "OPL2/3 compatible" and the other the native superset.  | [51][52]
Konami | VRC7 | 1990  | 12  | 6  | 2  | Famicom cartridge Lagrange Point | Modified derivative of Yamaha YM2413 (OPLL). Labeled as DS1001 by Yamaha as an internal code.  | [53]
Yamaha | YM2128 (OPS) / YM2129 (EGS) | 1983  | 96  | 16  | 6  | Yamaha digital synthesizers (DX7, DX1, DX5, DX9,[54][55] TX7, TX216, TX416, TX816)[56] | Chipset (OPS operator chip, EGS envelope generator chip)  | [34][57][58]
Yamaha YM2151 (a.k.a. OPM)  | 1983  | 32  | 8  | 4  | Mid-1980s to mid-1990s arcade systems (the most prolific FM chip used in arcades), Sharp X1 and X68000 computers, MSX (CX5M, Yamaha SFG-01 and SFG-05 FM Sound Synthesizer Unit), Yamaha digital synthesizers (DX21, DX27, DX100)  | NMOS chip (depletion-load)[59] | [60][33][61]
Yamaha YM2203 (a.k.a. OPN)  | 1984  | 12  | 3  | 4  | Some 1980s arcade games, NEC computers (PC-88, PC-98, NEC PC-6001mkII SR, PC-6601 SR)  | 3 additional Yamaha YM2149 SSG square wave channels, silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip  | [62][33][61]
Yamaha YM3526 (a.k.a. OPL)  | 1984  | 18  | 9  | 2  | Bubble Bobble arcade game, Commodore 64 SFX Sound Expander  | Silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip  | [63][33][61]
Yamaha Y8950 (a.k.a. MSX-AUDIO)  | 1984  | 18  | 9  | 2  | MSX-Audio cartridges for MSX (Panasonic FS-CA1, Toshiba HX-MU900, and Philips NMS-1205)  | Very similar to Yamaha YM3526, additional adaptive differential PCM (ADPCM) channel, silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip  | [64]
Yamaha YM2164 (a.k.a. OPP)  | 1985  | 32  | 8  | 4  | Yamaha FB-01 MIDI Expander, IBM Music Feature Card, MSX (Yamaha CX5M and SFG-05), Korg DS-8 and 707 digital synthesizers  | Based on Yamaha YM2151 (OPM)  | [65][33][61]
Yamaha YM3812 (a.k.a. OPL2)  | 1985  | 18  | 9  | 2  | Sound cards for PC (including AdLib and early Sound Blaster cards), Yamaha Portasound keyboards (PSR and PSS series)  | Silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip  | [66][33][61]
Yamaha YM2413 (a.k.a. OPLL)  | 1986  | 18  | 9  | 2  | Japanese Master System, Sega Mark III, MSX (in MSX Music cartridges like the FM-PAC, and internally in several Japanese models by Panasonic, Sony and Sanyo), Yamaha Portasound digital keyboards (PSS-140, PSS-170, PSS-270)  | Silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip  | [67][33][61]
YM2604 (OPS2) / YM3609 (EGM)  | 1986  | 96  | 16  | 6  | Yamaha DX7 II and TX802 digital synthesizers  | Chipset (OPS2 operator chip, EGM envelope generator chip)  | [58][68][69]
Yamaha YM2608 (a.k.a. OPNA)  | 1986  | 24  | 6  | 4  | NEC PC-88 and PC-98 computers  | 3 additional Yamaha YM2149 SSG square wave channels, 7 additional ADPCM channels, silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip  | [70][61]
Yamaha YM2414 (a.k.a. OPZ)  | 1987  | 32  | 8  | 4  | Yamaha digital synthesizers (TX81Z, DX11, YS200), Korg Z3 guitar synthesizer |  | [33][71][61]
Yamaha YM2610 (a.k.a. OPNB)  | 1987  | 16  | 4  | 4  | SNK's Neo Geo console, arcade systems (particularly Neo Geo and Taito games)  | 7 additional ADPCM channels  | [72][21]
Yamaha YM2612 (a.k.a. OPN2)  | 1988  | 24  | 6  | 4  | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console, FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems  | PCM supported on one of the channels  | [73]
Yamaha YM3438 (a.k.a. OPN2C)  | 1989  | 24  | 6  | 4  | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console (later models), FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems  | Improved Yamaha YM2612, PCM supported on one of the channels, silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip  |
Yamaha YMF262 (a.k.a. OPL3)  | 1990[74] | 36  | 18  | 4  | Sound Blaster Pro 2.0 and later cards for PC (including Sound Blaster 16, AdLib Gold 1000 and AWE32)  | Silicon-gate CMOS chip  | [52][33][61]
Yamaha YMF271 (a.k.a. OPX)  | 1993  | 36  | 18  | 4  |  | 12 additional PCM channels  |
Yamaha YMF278 (a.k.a. OPL4)  | 1993  | 36  | 18  | 4  | Moonsound cartridge for MSX computer  |  | [75]
Yamaha YMF292 (a.k.a. SCSP)  | 1994  | 32  | 32  | 32  | Sega Saturn console, Sega ST-V,[76] Model 2A/2B/2C CRX[77][78][79] and Model 3 arcade systems  | PCM supported  | [80][81]
Yamaha YMF288 (a.k.a. OPN3)  | 1995  | 24  | 6  | 4  | NEC PC-98 computer  | Based on Yamaha YM2608 (OPNA)  | [82][83]
Yamaha YMF7xx (a.k.a. OPL3-SA)  | 1997  | 36  | 18  | 4  | Embedded audio chipset in some laptops and sound cards (including PCI, ISA and Yamaha Audician 32)  | Integrates Yamaha YMF262 (OPL3)  | [84][33][85]
Yamaha YMU757 (a.k.a. MA-1)  | 1999  | 8  | 4  | 2  | Some 2000s and 1990s cellphones, PDAs |  | [86]
Yamaha YMU759 (a.k.a. MA-2)  | 2000  | 32  | 16  | 2  | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | 8 channels for 4 operators, an additional ADPCM channel  | [87]
Yamaha YMU762 (a.k.a. MA-3)  | 2001  | 64  | 32  | 2  | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | 16 channels for 4 operators, 8 additional PCM/ADPCM channels  | [88]
Yamaha YMU765 (a.k.a. MA-5)  | 2003  | 64  | 32  | 2  | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | 32 PCM/ADPCM channels, 16 channels for 4 operators  | [89]
Yamaha YMF825 (a.k.a. SD-1)  | 2011  | 32  | 16  | 4  |  |  | [90]

## Pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling

See also: Pulse-code modulation and Sampling (signal processing)

Manufacturer(s)  | Chip  | Year  | Max PCM channels  | Max sample depth (bits)  | Max sample rate (Hz)  | Applications  | Notes  | Ref

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Analog Devices  | AD1848  | 1992  | Multiple stereo channels, unlimited  | 16  | 48,000  | Original Windows Sound System card by Microsoft, Ensoniq Soundscape S-2000 and Elite cards  | Digital-to-analog codec chip, 2-channel stereo input/output  | [91]
ARM Ltd.  | VIDC20 | 1994  | 8  | 16  | 44,100  | Risc PC computer  |  |
Atari Corporation | Jerry  | 1993  | Variable, limited by software  | 16  | 44,100  | Jaguar console  | DSP, also supports pulse-width modulation (PWM) and wavetable synthesis  | [92][93][94]
SDMA (Sound/DMA)  | 1992  | 8  | 16  | 49,170  | Falcon computer  | Integrates Motorola 56001 DSP | [95][96]
Crystal Semiconductor | CS4231  | 1992  | 1  | 16  | 48,000  | Windows Sound System compatible, Gravis Ultrasound card  |  | [97]
Drucegrove  | Digitalker MM54104  | 1980  | 1  | 1  | 13,000  | Namco Galaxian (King & Balloon) and Scorpion arcade system boards, National Semiconductor Digitalker DT1050 speech synthesizer  | Delta modulation (DM) differential PCM (DPCM) speech synthesis chip  | [98][99]
Gravis | GF1  | 1992  | 32  | 16  | 44,100  | Gravis Ultrasound card  |  |
Harris Corporation | HC-55516  | 1981  | 1  | 1  | 32,000  | Irem M27 (Red Alert),[100] Sinistar[101] and Midway Y Unit[102] arcade system boards  | Continuously variable slope DM (CVSD) adaptive DM (ADM) speech decoder | [103]
Intel | Intel High Definition Audio (IHDA)  | 2004  | 8  | 32  | 192,000  | IBM Personal Computer, IBM PC compatible computers |  | [104]
Konami | Konami K007232  | 1986  | 2  | 7  | 32,000  | Konami Bubble System, Twin 16 and TMNT based arcade boards  | PCM  |
Konami K053260  | 1990  | 4  | 12  | 32,000  | Konami TMNT based arcade board  | KDSC  |
Konami K054539  | 1991  | 8  | 16  | 32,000  | Konami Xexex based, Mystic Warriors based and GX arcade boards  | ADPCM  |
Macronix | Flipper | 2001  | 64  | 16  | 48,000  | GameCube and Wii console  | ADPCM, Dolby Pro Logic II (AC-3)  | [105][106]
MOS Technology | MOS Technology 8364 "Paula"  | 1985  | 4  | 8  | 28,000  | Amiga computer  |  | [107][108]
Namco | Namco C140  | 1987  | 24  | 12  | Namco System 2 and System 21 arcade boards  |  | [109]
Namco C219  | 1992  | 16  | 12  | Namco NA-1 and NA-2 arcade system boards  |
Namco C352  | 1992  | 32  | 16  | Namco System 22, System FL, NB-1, NB-2, ND-1, System 11, System 12 and System 23 arcade boards  | Linear PCM (LPCM) and μ-law PCM samples supported  | [110][111][112]
[113][114]
[115][116]
National Semiconductor | LMC1992  | 1989  | 4  | 8  | 50,000  | Atari STE and TT030 personal computers  |  | [117][118]
NEC | μPD7751  | 1985  | 3  | 8  | 8,000  | Sega System 16 arcade boards  | ADPCM, Speech synthesis chip  |
μPD7759  | 1987  | 1  | 8  | 8,000  | Sega System 16B and System C2 arcade boards, Sega Pico console  | ADPCM, Speech synthesis chip  |
NVIDIA  | MCPX | 2001  | 64  | 16  | 48,000  | Microsoft Xbox console  | 3D sound support, Dolby Pro Logic, DTS, DSP, MIDI DLS2 Support  |
Oki Electric Industry | Oki MSM5205  | 1979  | 1  | 12  | 32,000  | Various arcade system boards (Irem M-52,[119] Data East Z80,[120] Capcom 68000),[121] NEC's PC Engine CD-ROM² (TurboGrafx-CD) game console  | Adaptive DPCM (ADPCM) chip  | [122][123]
Oki MSM6258  | 1987  | 1  | 12  | 15,600  | Sharp's X68000 computer  | ADPCM  | [124]
Oki MSM6295 | 1987  | 4  | 12  | 7,576 (max, 1 MHz)
32,000 (max, 4 MHz)  | Various arcade system boards (including Capcom's CP System)  | ADPCM  | [125][126]
Oki MSM9810  | 1999  | 8  | 14  | 32,000  | Sammy arcade system boards  | ADPCM  |
QSound | QSound DSP16A  | 1992  | 16  | 16  | 24,000  | Capcom's CP System Dash and CP System II arcade system boards, Sony's ZN-1 and ZN-2 arcade system boards  | PCM/ADPCM, positional 3D audio support via QSound |
Ricoh | Ricoh 2A03 / 2A07 | 1982  | 1  | 7  | 15,745  | Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) home console (hardware expandable), arcade game Punch-Out!! | NMOS chip, DM channel (DMC) is for PCM sampling  | [23]
Ricoh RF5c68  | 1989  | 8  | 8  | 19,800  | Fujitsu's FM Towns computer, Sega System 18 and System 32 arcade boards  |  | [127]
Ricoh RF5C164  | 1991  | 8  | 8  | 31,300  | Sega CD console add-on  | 1.5 μm silicon-gate CMOS chip  | [128]
Roland Corporation | Roland LA32  | 1987  | 16  | 16  | 32,000  | Roland synthesizers (D-50, D550, D10, D20, D110), Roland MT-32 MIDI sound module (X68000, Amiga, Atari ST, IBM PC, NEC PC-88, PC-98)  | Linear Arithmetic synthesis (LA synthesis)  | [129][130][131]
Sanyo | VLM5030 Speech Synthesizer  | 1983  | 1  | 8  | 8,136  | Arcade game Punch-Out!! | Speech synthesis chip  | [132]
Sega | SegaPCM  | 1985  | 16  | 8  | 31,250  | Sega arcade systems (Sega Space Harrier, Sega OutRun, X Board, Y Board)  |  | [133][134]
SGI | Reality Signal Processor (RSP) | 1996  | 100  | 16  | 48,000  | Nintendo 64 console  | DSP,[135] combined sound and graphics processor, ADPCM, MP3 support  | [136][137][138]
Sharp Corporation | Sharp SM8521  | 1997  | 1  | 8  | 32,768  | Game.com handheld  |  |
Sony | Sony SPC700 (Nintendo S-SMP)  | 1990  | 8  | 16  | 32,000  | Super Nintendo Entertainment System console  | Bit Rate Reduction (BRR) ADPCM  | [139][140]
Sony SPU (Sound Processing Unit) | 1994  | 24  | 16  | 44,100  | Sony PlayStation and PlayStation 2 consoles  | ADPCM; two cores on PS2  | [141]
Sony SPU2 | 1999  | 48  | 16  | 48,000  | Sony PlayStation 2 and early PlayStation 3 consoles  | ADPCM, Dual-core sound unit, Supports Dolby Digital (AC-3), DTS; emulated on PS3 for backwards compatible PS1/PS2 games  | [142][143]
Yamaha | Yamaha Y8950 (a.k.a. MSX-AUDIO)  | 1984  | 1  | 8  | ~50,000  | MSX-Audio cartridges for MSX | ADPCM, Speech synthesis chip  | [64][61]
Yamaha YM2608 (a.k.a. OPNA)  | 1985  | 7  | 16 (12 for RSS)  | 55,500 (18518 for RSS)  | NEC PC-88 and PC-98 computers  | ADPCM  | [70][61]
Yamaha YM2610 (a.k.a. OPNB)  | 1987  | 7  | 16 (12 for ADPCM-A)  | 55,500 (18518 for ADPCM-A)  | SNK's Neo Geo console, arcade systems (particularly Neo Geo and Taito games)  | ADPCM  | [72][144]
Yamaha YM2612 (a.k.a. OPN2)  | 1988  | 1  | 8  | 26,633 (SMD)
29,000 (System 32)
44,100 (max)  | Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console, FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems  |  | [73][145]
Yamaha YMW258-F (a.k.a. GEW8) (Sega MultiPCM)  | 1991  | 28  | 16  | 44,100  | Sega arcade boards (System Multi 32, Model 1, Model 2), Yamaha instruments (MU-5 and TG-100 sound modules, Portasound keyboards, QR-10, QY-20 workstation)  | Advanced Wave Memory (AWM) sampling  | [146][34]
Yamaha YMF271 (a.k.a. OPX)  | 1993  | 12  | 12  | 44,100  |  |  |
Yamaha YMF278 (a.k.a. OPL4)  | 1993  | 24  | 16  | 44,100  | Moonsound cartridge for MSX computer  |  | [147]
Yamaha YMF292 (a.k.a. SCSP)  | 1994  | 32  | 16  | 44,100  | Sega Saturn console, Sega arcade systems (Sega ST-V, Model 2A CRX/2B CRX/2C CRX and Model 3)  |  | [80][76][77]
[78][79][81]
Yamaha YMZ280B (a.k.a. PCMD8)  | 1995  | 8  | 16  | 44,100  | Cave, Data East, and Psikyo arcade systems  | ADPCM supported  | [148]
Yamaha AICA  | 1998  | 64  | 16  | 48,000  | Dreamcast console, Sega arcade systems (Sega NAOMI, Hikaru, and NAOMI 2)  | ADPCM  | [149][150][151]
Yamaha YMU759 (a.k.a. MA-2)  | 2000  | 1  | 8  | 8,000  | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | ADPCM  |
Yamaha YMU762 (a.k.a. MA-3)  | 2001  | 8  | 8  | 48,000  | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | ADPCM supported  |
Yamaha YMU765 (a.k.a. MA-5)  | 2003  | 32  | 8  | 48,000  | Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs | ADPCM, Analog Lite, and speech synthesis supported  |

## See also

* List of sound card standards
* List of Yamaha sound chips
* Sound recording and reproduction

## References

1. ↑ Wright, Steve (December 3, 1979). Stella Programmer's Guide. Atari. https://atarihq.com/danb/files/stella.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
2. ↑ POKEY CO12294. Atari Inc.. March 30, 1982. http://visual6502.org/images/C012294_Pokey/pokey.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
3. ↑ AMY 1 Spec. Atari. June 1983. https://www.digitpress.com/library/techdocs/AMY_1_spec_confidential_binder_ver_2.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
4. ↑ "System 16 - Data East DECO Cassette System Hardware (Data East)". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=913.
5. ↑ "System 16 - Taito Z80 Based Hardware (Taito)". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=628.
6. ↑ "System 16 - Konami Scramble Hardware (Konami)". Archived from the original on 2014-09-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20140929040807/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=554. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
7. ↑ "System 16 - Irem M27 Hardware (Irem)". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=735.
8. ↑ "System 16 - Konami 6809 Based Hardware (Konami)". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=556.
9. ↑ "System 16 - Capcom Z80 Based Hardware (Capcom)". Archived from the original on 2014-09-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011534/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=787. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
10. ↑ AY-3-8910 / AY-3-8912 / AY-3-8913: Programmable Sound Generator. General Instrument. http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/generalinstrument_ay-3-8910.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
11. ↑ SP-0250 Speech Synthesizer: Preliminary Information. General Instrument. http://www.elektronikjk.com/elementy_czynne/IC/SP0250.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
12. ↑ SP0256 Narrator™ Speech Processor. RadioShack. April 1984. http://www.bitsavers.org/components/gi/speech/General_Instrument_-_SP0256A-AL2_datasheet_(Radio_Shack_276-1784)_-_Apr1984.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
13. ↑ "Scramble arcade video game by Konami Industry (1981)". https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=scramble-model-gx387&page=detail&id=2328.
14. ↑ "Gyruss arcade video game by Konami Industry (1983)". https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=gyruss-model-gx347&page=detail&id=1063.
15. ↑ D'Angelo, David (2014-06-25). "Breaking the NES for Shovel Knight". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/breaking-the-nes-for-shovel-knight.
16. ↑ 6560/6561 Video Interface Chip. Commodore MOS Technology (NMOS). http://archive.6502.org/datasheets/mos_6560_6561_vic.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
17. ↑ 6581 Sound Interface Device (SID). Commodore MOS Technology (NMOS). October 1982. http://archive.6502.org/datasheets/mos_6581_sid.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "The arcade and synthesis". Computer Music. 12 June 2019. https://www.pressreader.com/australia/computer-music/20190612/282372631110216. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
19. ↑ TED 7360RO (Datasheet). MOS Technology (Commodore Semiconductor Group). April 19, 1983. https://www.karlstechnology.com/commodore/TED7360-datasheet.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
20. ↑ "MSM5232RS: 8 Channel Tone Generator For Musical Instruments". Oki Electric. http://www.citylan.it/wiki/images/3/3e/5232.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Taito Museum". https://www.system16.com/museum.php?id=8. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
22. ↑ SAA1099: Microprocessor Controlled Stereo Sound Generator For Sound Effects And Music Synthesis. Mullard. 1984. http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/images/1/19/SAA1099_-_Manual_-_1984.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Taylor, Brad (April 23, 2004). "2A03 technical reference". https://nesdev.com/2A03 technical reference.txt. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
24. ↑ "Sega G-80 raster hardware". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/audio/segag80r.cpp. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Allen, Joe (6 May 2016). "Making Music On A Game Boy With LSDj". http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2016/05/06/making-music-on-a-game-boy-with-lsdj/. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
26. ↑ Kurt Kalata (28 August 2011). "Hardcore Gaming 101 - Gimmick!". Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from the original on 11 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160511015959/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/gimmick/gimmick.htm. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
27. ↑ Advanced Circuits: Type SN76477 Complex Sound Generator. Texas Instruments Incorporated. July 1978. http://mkv.itm.miun.se/personal/per/diy/76477/sn76477datasheet.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
28. ↑ SN 76489 AN. Texas Instruments. http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/texas_instruments_sn76489an.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
29. ↑ SN76494, SN76494A, SN76496, SN76496A: Programmable Tone/Noise Generator. Texas Instruments. January 1989. https://retrocdn.net/images/a/a3/SN76494,_SN76494A,_SN76496,_SN76496A_Application_Manual.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
30. ↑ TMS3615NS: Octave Multiple Tone Synthesizer - OMTS (2 Footages). Texas Instruments. November 1981. https://amigan.yatho.com/TMS3615NS.pdf. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
31. ↑ UTC UM66TXXL: CMOS IC (Datasheet). UTC (Unisonic Technologies Co., Ltd.). https://www.electroschematics.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/um66t-datasheet.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
32. ↑ YM2149 Software-Controlled Sound Generator (SSG). Yamaha Corporation. September 1992. http://www.ym2149.com/ym2149.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
33. ↑ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 "Yamaha Sound Chips". https://soundprogramming.net/electronics/yamaha-sound-chips/. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 "Yamaha Chips". http://www.dtech.lv/techarticles_yamaha_chips.html. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
35. ↑ "SN76496". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/sound/sn76496.cpp. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
36. ↑ YM3439 Software-Controlled Sound Generator (SSGC). Yamaha Corporation. June 1991. https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=2a173701ddd681dcbff89df28f480806411514&type=O&term=YM3439. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
37. ↑ "Quasimidi Quasar". Kid Nowi Electronic Music. December 2014. http://kidnowielectronicmusic.blogspot.com/2014/12/quasimidi-quasar.html. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
38. ↑ "MAAS engine - Quasimidi Quasar..??". Gearslutz. 2014-10-11. https://www.gearslutz.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-and-electronic-music-production/959709-maas-engine-quasimidi-quasar.html. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
39. ↑ "Dream SAM9407 INTEGRATED SOUND STUDIO". Atmel / Dream. 1998. ftp://retronn.de/driver/Guillemot/MaxiSound64HomeStudio/dokumentation/SAM9407_datasheet.pdf. Retrieved 3 November 2020. (To view documents see Help:FTP)
40. ↑ "Dream SAM9407". AmoRetro. 14 October 2012. http://www.amoretro.de/tag/dream-sam9407. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
41. ↑ "Atmel / Dream SAM9707 INTEGRATED SOUND STUDIO". Atmel / Dream. January 1998. https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=bc69bd0dc5dcf1f20c00343e8a050cb02c0eab&type=O&term=SAM9407. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
42. ↑ "Atmel Introduces A New Generation Of Sound Synthesis ICs". EETimes. 1998-04-24. https://www.eetimes.com/atmel-introduces-a-new-generation-of-sound-synthesis-ics/?print=yes. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
43. ↑ "5503 Digital Oscillator Chip". Ensoniq. http://archive.6502.org/datasheets/ensoniq_5503_digital_oscillator_chip.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
44. ↑ Collins, Karen (8 August 2008). Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design. MIT Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-262-53777-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=cov-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39.
45. ↑ "Konami SCC Sound Chip". http://bifi.msxnet.org/msxnet/tech/scc. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
46. ↑ Scotti, Alessandro (2004). "Namco 3-channel Waveform Sound Generator". Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. https://archive.today/20140927030245/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:FU_nncKCzgIJ:pacman.shaunew.com/redmine/projects/pacman/repository/revisions/master/raw/doc/pie/wsg3.htm. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 "NAMCO sound driver". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/sound/namco.cpp. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 "Namco Part Numbers". http://www.multigame.com/NAMCO.html.
49. ↑ "System 16 - Namco Super Pacman Hardware (Namco)". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=519.
50. ↑ Altice, Nathan (May 2015). I Am Error: The Nintendo Family Computer / Entertainment System Platform. MIT Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-262-02877-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=GBXqCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA275.
51. ↑ "ES1868 AudioDrive Data Sheet". ESS Technology. https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf-file/1173790/ESS/ES1868/1. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Yamaha LSI: YMF262 FM Operator Type L3 (OPL3). Yamaha Corporation. November 1994. http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/yamaha_ymf262.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
53. ↑ Altice, Nathan (2 July 2017). I Am Error: The Nintendo Family Computer / Entertainment System Platform. MIT Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-262-53454-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=1r34DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272.
54. ↑ "Inside a Yamaha DX9". 2010-09-20. https://www.matrixsynth.com/2010/09/inside-yamaha-dx9.html. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
55. ↑ "OPS". 2012-09-06. http://sr4.sakura.ne.jp/fmsound/ops.html. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
56. ↑ "Yamaha TX816 - FM Tone Generator System". http://studiorepair.com/gallery/Yamaha/TX816/index.html. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
57. ↑ Brøvig-Hanssen, Ragnhild; Danielsen, Anne (2016-02-19). Digital Signatures: The Impact of Digitization on Popular Music Sound. MIT Press. p. 46. ISBN 9780262034142. https://books.google.com/books?id=L2SkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Collecting info on Yamaha FM soundchips". 2020-02-13. https://gist.github.com/bryc/e85315f758ff3eced19d2d4fdeef01c5. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
59. ↑ "NMOS IC Reverse Engineering". https://www.wdj-consulting.com/blog/nmos-sample/. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
60. ↑ Yamaha LSI: YM2151 FM Operator Type-M (OPM). Yamaha Corporation. December 1991. http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/yamaha_ym2151_datasheet.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
61. ↑ 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 61.10 bryc. "Collecting info on Yamaha FM soundchips". https://gist.github.com/bryc/e85315f758ff3eced19d2d4fdeef01c5. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
62. ↑ "YM2203 FM Operator Type-N (OPN) Datasheet". Yamaha. https://datasheetspdf.com/datasheet/YM2203.html. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
63. ↑ "Yamaha LSI: YM3526 FM Operator Type-L (OPL)". Nippon Gakki (Yamaha). http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/yamaha_ym3526.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 "Yamaha LSI: Y8950 (MSX-AUDIO)". Nippon Gakki (Yamaha). http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/yamaha_y8950_ds.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
65. ↑ Stolz, Axel (1992). The Sound Blaster Book. Abacus. p. 369. ISBN 978-1-55755-164-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=RcbBJeDXswAC. "The IBM Music Feature card is one of the original sound cards. This fairly expensive card includes an eight-voice stereo synthesizer and a complete MIDI interface. The heart of this card is the Yamaha YM-2164 sound chip, which can also be found in the Yamaha FB-01 MIDI Expander. Sound generation occurs through an FM synthesizer with multiple control parameters. There are also 240 preprogrammed sounds, including reproductions of traditional musical instruments."
66. ↑ Yamaha LSI: YM3812 FM Operator Type-L II (OPLII). Yamaha Corporation. April 1992. http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/yamaha_ym3812_ds.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
67. ↑ Yamaha LSI: YM2413 OPLL (FM Operator Type-LL). Yamaha Corporation. June 1996. http://map.grauw.nl/resources/sound/yamaha_ym2413_ds.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
68. ↑ "Yamaha DX7 II-D - Mark II DX7 with Bi-Timbrality and Stereo Outputs". http://studiorepair.com/gallery/Yamaha/DX7_II-D/index.html. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
69. ↑ "Yamaha TX802 - FM Tone Generator (Rack-Mount DX7-II)". http://studiorepair.com/gallery/Yamaha/TX802/index.html. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 YM2608 OPNA Application Manual. Yamaha. 30 June 2008. http://nemesis.hacking-cult.org/MegaDrive/Documentation/YM2608J Translated.PDF. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
71. ↑ "TX81Z FM Tone Generator: Owner's Manual". Yamaha. https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/9/316769/TX81ZE.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 "YM2610 Datasheet". Yamaha. http://www.dtech.lv/files_ym/ym2610.pdf. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 "YM2612". Sega Genesis Technical Manual. Sega. February 21, 1992. https://www.smspower.org/maxim/Documents/YM2612. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
74. ↑ "Nuked OPL3 emulator". https://www.vogons.org/viewtopic.php?p=662950#p662950.
75. ↑ YMF278B: FM + Wave table Synthesizer LSI (OPL4). Yamaha Corporation. December 1993. http://www.msxarchive.nl/pub/msx/docs/datasheets/ymf278b.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 "Sega ST-V Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=711. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 "Sega Model 2A CRX Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=714. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "Sega Model 2B CRX Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=715. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 "Sega Model 2C CRX Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=716. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Saturn SCSP User's Manual. Sega of America. February 24, 1994. http://antime.kapsi.fi/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 "Sega Model 3 Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=717. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
82. ↑ "YMF288". 2015-02-01. https://sites.google.com/site/undocumentedsoundchips/yamaha/ymf288. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
83. ↑ "PC-9821/9801用サウンドボード一覧表" (in ja). http://hamlin.html.xdomain.jp/SOUND/SOUND98/SOUND98.htm. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
84. ↑ "YMF701 OPL3-SA: 1 chip OPL3 Audio System". Yamaha Corporation. https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=a80228109da2797cb7ee0819e1aa89c2c59306&type=O&term=ymf701. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
85. ↑ "カナダ・Qサウンド社から３次元音像定位ソフトを技術導入 ヤマハPCオーディオLSI『YMF715(OPL3-SA3)』に9月1日からバンドルして出荷" (in ja). Yamaha. July 1997. Archived from the original on 15 August 1997. https://web.archive.org/web/19970815074944/http://www.yamaha.co.jp/news/97072401.html. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
86. ↑ "YMU757B (MA-1C) Datasheet". Yamaha. https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf-file/528902/YAMAHACORPORATION/YMU757B/1. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
87. ↑ "YMU759 (MA2)". 3 August 2004. http://www1.kcn.ne.jp/~geosword/ss/s-room/fmongen.html.
88. ↑ "MA3 Basic Information". 15 February 2005. http://www.memb.jp/~dearna/ma/ma3/ma3.html.
89. ↑ "Yamaha Mobile Audio LSI MA-5". Yamaha. 17 October 2011. http://smaf-yamaha.com/what/soundchip_ma5.html.
90. ↑ "YMF825 (SD-1)". Yamaha. 19 September 2018. https://device.yamaha.com/ja/lsi/products/sound_generator/images/4MF825A40.pdf.
91. ↑ "AD1848: Parallel-Port 16-Bit SoundPort Stereo Codec". Analog Devices. 1992. https://www.ardent-tool.com/sound/AD1848_Preliminary_Datasheet.pdf.
92. ↑ Atari Corp. (1995). Jaguar Software Reference Manual - Version 2.4. Atari Corp.. https://www.hillsoftware.com/files/atari/jaguar/jag_v8.pdf. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
93. ↑ "Console yourself - it's only money". The Independent. 8 January 1996. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/console-yourself-its-only-money-1322993.html. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
94. ↑ "Atari Jaguar II specifications". http://www.atarimuseum.com/videogames/consoles/jaguar/jag2specs.html. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
95. ↑ "Atari Falcon030 Hardware Reference Guide". Atari Falcon030 Developer Documentation. Atari Corporation. January 25, 1993. p. 20. https://docs.dev-docs.org/htm/search.php?find=_h. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
96. ↑ Falcon 030 Owner's Manual. Atari. 1992. https://www.atariworld.org/files/docs/Atari_Falcon030_Manual_en.pdf. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
97. ↑ CS4231: Parallel Interface, Multimedia Audio Codec. Crystal Semiconductor Corporation. November 1993. https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf-file/555848/CrystalSemiconductor/CS4231/1. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
98. ↑ DT1050 Digitalker: Standard Vocabulary Kit. National Semiconductor. December 1980. http://www.repeater-builder.com/projects/wb6jhq-ctrlr/files/digi-talker/Data-Sheet.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
99. ↑ Morgan, Nelson (1984). Talking Chips. McGraw-Hill. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-07-043107-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=YJAeAQAAIAAJ. "Unlike LPC synthesizers, the Digitalker® was able to dynamically change sample rates at phone boundaries. This allowed fricatives (both voiced and unvoiced) to be played at a 13-kHz sample rate and normal voiced sounds to be played at a 10-kHz rate."
100. ↑ "Irem M27 hardware". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/audio/redalert.cpp. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
101. ↑ "Sinistar | MAME reviews". Archived from the original on 2009-04-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20090402083317/http://mamereviews.hubmed.org/set/sinistar. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
102. ↑ "System 16 - Williams/Midway Y Unit Hardware (Midway)". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=610.
103. ↑ "HC-55516/55532: All-Digital Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulator (CVSD)". Harris Semiconductor (Harris Corporation). https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=0180a31422e46e5fd7be87c429d60b0695130a&type=O&term=HC-55516. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
104. ↑ "Intel® High Definition Audio (Intel® HD Audio)". https://www.intel.co.uk/content/www/uk/en/products/docs/chipsets/high-definition-audio.html#:~:text=Intel® High Definition Audio (Intel® HD Audio) hardware,48 kHz/20-bit.. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
105. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal (December 7, 2001). "Hardware Behind the Consoles - Part II: Nintendo's GameCube". AnandTech. http://www.anandtech.com/show/858.
106. ↑ "GCN Technical Specifications". Nintendo. http://register.nintendo.com/techspecgcn.
107. ↑ "8364 Paula". Amiga Manual: A500 Plus Service Manual. Commodore. October 1991. pp. 2–12. https://archive.org/details/A500_Plus_Service_Manual_1991-10_Commodore/page/n8/mode/1up. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
108. ↑ "Aminet: mus/play/Play16.lha". 2003-11-09. http://aminet.net/package/mus/play/Play16. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
109. ↑ "C140". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/sound/c140.cpp. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
110. ↑ "Namco C352 custom PCM chip emulation". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/sound/c352.cpp. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
111. ↑ "Namco System 22 Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=537. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
112. ↑ "Namco System FL Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=532. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
113. ↑ "Namco System NB-1 Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=529. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
114. ↑ "Namco System ND-1 Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=531. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
115. ↑ "Namco System 11 Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=533. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
116. ↑ "Namco System 23 Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=539. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
117. ↑ LMC1992 Digitally-Controlled Stereo Tone and Volume Circuit with Four-Channel Input-Selector. National Semiconductor. December 1994. http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/nationalsemiconductor/DS010789.PDF. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
118. ↑ "STE Digitized Sound: Developer information". STE Developer Addendum. Atari. May 25, 1989. https://docs.dev-docs.org/htm/search.php?find=_h. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
119. ↑ "Irem M52 Hardware". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=736. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
120. ↑ "Data East Z80 Based Hardware". http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=931. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
121. ↑ "Capcom 68000 Based Hardware". Archived from the original on 2008-03-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20080319105405/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=791. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
122. ↑ "MSM5205: ADPCM Speech Synthesis LSI". https://console5.com/techwiki/images/f/f8/MSM5205.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
123. ↑ Ciarcia, Steve (1979). Ciarcia's Circuit Cellar. Circuit Cellar. pp. 207–16. ISBN 978-0-07-010966-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=zQWNinpbFx0C&pg=PA207.
124. ↑ "MSM6258/MSM6258V: ADPCM Speech Processor For Solid State Recorder". Oki Semiconductor. http://www.elektronikjk.pl/elementy_czynne/IC/MSM6258.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
125. ↑ "MSM6295: 4-Channel Mixing ADPCM Voice Synthesis LSI". Oki Semiconductor. http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/images/2/22/MSM6295_-_Manual.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
126. ↑ "CPS Hardware (Capcom)". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=793. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
127. ↑ "PCM Sound Generator IC: RF5C68A". Ricoh. https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=5462c7834d784c4bb0281cbcb4beb84ff3aff7&type=O&term=RF5C68. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
128. ↑ Mega-CD Hardware Manual: PCM Sound Source. Sega. October 14, 1991. https://segaretro.org/images/2/2d/MCDHardware_Manual_PCM_Sound_Source.pdf. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
129. ↑ Whittle, Robin (2 January 1990). "MT32 Modifications And A Guide To How The MT32 Works". Real World Interfaces: Musical Instrument Modifications. http://www.houseofsynth.com/hos-downloads/manuals/Roland/Roland-Misc-Docs/rwi-mt-32-mod.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
130. ↑ MT-32 Multi Timbre Sound Module: Owner's Manual. Roland Corporation. 1987. http://media.rolandus.com/manuals/MT-32_OM.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
131. ↑ Russ, Martin (September 1987). "Roland MT-32: Multi-Timbral Expander". Sound on Sound 2 (11): 65. http://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/roland-mt-32/2510. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
132. ↑ "Sanyo VLM5030 emulator". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/sound/vlm5030.cpp. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
133. ↑ "SegaPCM: Sega 16ch 8bit PCM". MAME. https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/devices/sound/segapcm.cpp. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
134. ↑ "Sega Space Harrier Hardware". https://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=696. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
135. ↑ Conference Proceedings: Conference, March 15–19 : Expo, March 16–18, San Jose, CA : the Game Development Platform for Real Life. The Conference. 1999. p. 222. https://books.google.com/books?id=_UA-AQAAIAAJ. "The N64's design is built around a Mips R4300i and a single coprocessor called RCP (Reality CoProcessor). This RCP contains not only a “Blitter” that handles the actual drawing, but also a general purpose DSP called RSP (Reality Signal Processor). The RSP is actually very well suited to process both 3D geometry and audio data."
136. ↑ "Nintendo 64: Tech Specs / Under The Hood". Next Generation (24): 74–5. December 1996. https://archive.org/stream/NextGeneration24Dec1996/Next_Generation_24_Dec_1996#page/n75/mode/2up.
137. ↑ "Nintendo 64". http://www.videogameconsolelibrary.com/pg90-n64.htm. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
138. ↑ Mera, Miguel; Sadoff, Ronald; Winters, Ben (25 May 2017). The Routledge Companion to Screen Music and Sound. Taylor & Francis. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-317-39898-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=lTElDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA143.
139. ↑ Collins, Karen (2008). Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design. MIT Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-262-03378-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=gnw0Zb4St-wC&pg=PA45.
140. ↑ "SNES Hardware Specifications". https://problemkaputt.de/fullsnes.htm. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
141. ↑ "Inside the PlayStation". Next Generation (Imagine Media) (6): 51. June 1995. https://archive.org/details/nextgen-issue-006/page/n53.
142. ↑ Guth, Rob; Drexler, Michael (September 14, 1999). "Sony's playing no games with PlayStation2". CNN. Archived from the original on 2017-07-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20170729110402/http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9909/14/ps2.idg/. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
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## External links

* Sound generators of the 1980s home computers \- Has a list of chips, pictures, datasheets, etc. (Archive.org)

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*[Ref]: Reference(s)