List of new religious movements

Short description: none

A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern[1] origins. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in categorizing groups as new religious movements. The term is broad and inclusive, rather than sharply defined. New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a society's traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal conventions.[2]: 29 [3][4]

A NRM may be one of a wide range of movements ranging from those with loose affiliations based on novel approaches to spirituality or religion to communitarian enterprises that demand a considerable amount of group conformity and a social identity that separates their adherents from mainstream society. Use of the term NRM is not universally accepted among the groups to which it is applied.[5] Scholars have estimated that NRMs now number in the tens of thousands worldwide. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and very few have more than a million.[6]: 17 Academics occasionally propose amendments to technical definitions and continue to add new groups.[2]: vii–xv

## Contents

* 1 List
* 2 See also
* 3 Bibliography
* 3.1 Main sources
* 3.2 Other selected sources
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

List of new religious movements  Name  | Founder  | Founded  | Type  | References

|
|
|
|

3HO | Harbhajan Singh Khalsa |

1969

| Sikh | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:131
Adidam, previously the Free Daist Communion, Dawn Horse Fellowship, etc. | Adi Da |

1972

| Neo-Hindu-inspired | [Clarke 2006] [Jones & Ryan 2007] [Beit-Hallahmi 1997] [Lewis 1998]
Adonai-Shomo | Frederick T. Howland |

1861

| Adventist
Communalist | [Melton 2003]:707 [Lewis 1998]:28
Adonism | Franz Sättler |

1925

| Modern Pagan | [7]: 4
Adventures in Enlightenment, A Foundation | Terry Cole-Whittaker |

1985

| Religious Science | [Lewis 1998]:28–29
The African Church | Jacob Kehinde Coker |

1901

| Anglican | [Chryssides 2001]:26[8]
African initiated churches | Multiple |

1800s

| Syncretic Christian-Indigenous | [Chryssides 2001]:26–27
African Theological Archministry, previously the Order of Damballah Hwedo Ancestor Priests, Shango Temple, and Yoruba Temple | Walter Eugene King |

1973

| Afro-American
West African Vodun | [Melton 2003]:934 [Lewis 1998]:31
Agasha Temple of Wisdom | Richard Zenor |

1943

| Spiritualism | [Melton 2003]:764 [Lewis 1998]:32
Agni Yoga (Roerichism) | Helena Roerich & Nicholas Roerich |

1920

| Neo-Theosophical | [Melton 2003]:876 [Lewis 1998]:32 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:16–17 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:6
Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light | Abdullah Hashem |

2015

| Shia Islam
Millenarianism | [Introvigne & Kotkowska 2024]
Ahmadiyya | Mirza Ghulam Ahmad |

1889

| Messianic Islam | [Lewis 1998]:32–33 [Chryssides 2001]:27–28 [Melton 2003]:985 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:6
Aiyy Faith, previously Kut-Siur: 62 | Lazar Afanasyev (Template:AKA Téris) |

1990

| Modern Pagan
Neo-Tengrist | [9]: 62 [9]: 57
Aladura | Josiah Ositelu |

1930

| Pentecostal | [Melton 2003][Chryssides 2001]:28–29, 517 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:7
Alamo Christian Foundation, a.k.a. Alamo Christian Church, Consecrated, Alamo Christian Ministries, and Music Square Church | Tony Alamo & Susan Alamo |

1969

| Fundamentalist Christianity
Communalist | [Lewis 1998]:33–34 [Chryssides 2001]:29 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:13 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:7
Altruria | Edward Biron Payne |

1894

| Christian
Communal | [Melton 2003]:707 [Lewis 1998]:34–35
American Buddhist Movement |  |

1980

| Western Buddhism | [Melton 2003]:1116 [Lewis 1998]:35–36
American Buddhist Society and Fellowship, Inc. | Robert Ernest Dickhoff |

1945

| Tibetan Buddhism | [Melton 2003]:1102 [Lewis 1998]:36
American World Patriarchs | Uladyslau Ryzy-Ryski |

1972

| Eastern Orthodox | [Melton 2003]:309 [Lewis 1998]:37–38
Amica Temple of Radiance | Ivah Berg Whitten |

1932

| Neo-Theosophical | [Melton 2003]:876 [Lewis 1998]:38
Ananda Ashrama | Paramananda |

1923

| Neo-Hindu
Neo-Vedanta | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:29–30
Ananda movement, including Ananda World Brotherhood Colonies and Ananda Church of Self-Realization | Kriyananda |

1968

| Neo-Hindu
Self-Realization Fellowship | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:33–34
Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha | Anandamayi Ma |

1920s

| Neo-Hindu | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:32
Ancient British Church in North America | Jonathan V. Zotique |

1976

| LGBTQ-oriented Christianity
Progressive Christianity | [Melton 2003]:1142 [Lewis 1998]:43
Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis | H. Spencer Lewis |

1915

| Rosicrucianism | [Lewis 1998]:42–43 [Chryssides 2001]:31 [Melton 2003]:841 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:11
Ancient Teachings of the Masters (ATOM) | Darwin Gross |

1983

| Sant Mat
Eckankar | [Melton 2003]:1054 [Clarke 2006]:32–33, 508 [Lewis 1998]:43
Anglo-Saxon Federation of America | Howard B. Rand |

1928

| British Israelism | [Melton 2003]:651 [Lewis 1998]:43–44 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:13
Ansaaru Allah Community | Dwight York (Template:AKA As Siddid Al Imaan Al Haahi Al Mahdi) |

late 1960s

| Black Islam | [Melton 2003]:986–987, 986–987 [Lewis 1998]:44
Ant Hill Kids, a.k.a. Holy Moses Mountain Family | Roch Thériault |

1977

| Seventh-day Adventist | [10][11]
Antiochian Catholic Church in America | Gordon Mar Peter |

1980s

| Independent Catholicism
Monophysitism | [Melton 2003]:241 [Lewis 1998]:47
Antoinism | Louis-Joseph Antoine |

1910

| Christianity
Faith healing | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]
Apostles of Infinite Love, a.k.a. the Order of Magnificat of the Mother of God | Michel Collin & Jean-Gaston Tremblay |

1961

| Catholic | [12]
Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarean) | Samuel Heinrich Froehlich |

1906

| European Free church | [Melton 2003]:548 [Lewis 1998]:47–48
Apostolic Christian Church of America |

1830

Apostolic Church | Daniel Powell Williams |

1916

| Pentecostal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:23 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:15
Apostolic Church of Christ (Pentecostal) | Johnnie Draft & Wallace Snow |

1969

| Oneness Pentecostalism | [Melton 2003]:464 [Lewis 1998]:48
Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God | William Thomas Phillips |

1920

| [Melton 2003]:465 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:16
Arcane School, a.k.a. Lucis Trust | Foster & Alice Bailey |

1923 or 1937

| Neo-Theosophical | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:172–173[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:217[Chryssides 2001]:38[Melton 2003]:857
Arica School | Oscar Ichazo |

1968

| Sufism | [Melton 2003]:971 [Chryssides 2001]:38–39 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:17
Art of Living Foundation, a.k.a. the Association for Inner Growth and "Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Preeth" | Ravi Shankar |

1981/1982

| Neo-Hindu | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:45–46 [Melton 2003]:1004
Arya Samaj | Dayananda Saraswati |

1875

| [Melton 2003]:1004 [Chryssides 2001]:40–41 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:45–46 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:18
Aryan Nations, a.k.a. the Church of Jesus Christ–Christian | Wesley Swift |

late 1940s

| British Israelism
Christian Identity | [Melton 2003]:654 [Chryssides 2001]:91
Asatru Folk Assembly | Stephen McNallen |

1970s

| Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism
Heathenry | [13]
Assemblies of God | merger |

1914

| Pentecostalism | [14]: 106 [Chryssides 2001]:41–42 [Clarke 2006]:48[14]: 106
Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ |

1952

| Oneness Pentecostalism | [Melton 2003]:466 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:18
Assembly of Christian Soldiers | Jessie L. Thrift |

1971

| Christian Identity
Ku Klux Klan | [Melton 2003]:1131 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:21
Assembly of Man | Franklin Merrell-Wolff |

1928

| Eastern and Western esotericism | [15]
Association for Research and Enlightenment | Edgar Cayce |

1931

| Occult | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:31 [Chryssides 2001]:42–43 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:21
Association of Vineyard Churches, a.k.a. the Vineyard Movement | John Wimber |

1982

| Neo-charismatic
Trinitarian Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:446 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:316
Aum Shinrikyo, a.k.a. Aleph | Shoko Asahara |

1987

| Japanese
Japanese Buddhism | [Melton 2003]:1073[16] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:23 [Chryssides 2001]:44–45[17]
Ausar Auset Society | R.A. Straughn |

mid-1970s

| Rosicrucianism | [Melton 2003]:842 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:24
Azalism, a.k.a. Azali Babism | Subh-i-Azal |

1863

| Babism | [18]: 246
Baháʼí Faith | Bahá'u'lláh (Mírzá Ḥusayn-'Alí Nuri) |

1863

| Millenarian Babism | [Chryssides 2001]:48–49 [Clarke 2006]:58–56 [Melton 2003]:992 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:25–26 [Miller 1995]:243–248
Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship | Bawa Muhaiyaddeen |

1971

| Sufism | [Melton 2003]:972 [Chryssides 2001]:50–51
Bethel Ministerial Association | Albert Franklin Varnell |

1934

| Oneness Pentecostalism | [Melton 2003]:466 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:32
Bible Presbyterian Church | Carl McIntire |

1938

| Reformed Presbyterian | [Melton 2003]:370 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:33
Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ | schism |

1957

| Oneness Pentecostalism | [Melton 2003]:466 [Lewis 1998]:77 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:34
Biosophy | Ignaz Paul Vitalis Troxler, F. W. J. Schelling |

1806

|  | [19][20]
Blackburn Cult, a.k.a. the Divine Order of the Royal Arms of the Great Eleven | May Otis Blackburn |

1922

| Modern Pagan
New Thought | [21]: 1 [21]: 35
Brahma Kumaris | Dada Lekhraj |

1936/1937

| Neo-Hindu | [Chryssides 2001]:56–57[22] [Melton 2003]:1006 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:89–91 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:37
Brahmo Samaj, a.k.a. Adi Dharm | Ram Mohan Roy |

1828

| Neo-Hindu
Unitarian Universalism | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:92–93[23]: 1:1028–30, 93 [24]
Brahmoism (a.k.a. Brahmo Dharma) | Debendranath Tagore |

1848 or 1850

| [24]: 43–57
Branch Davidians | Benjamin Roden |

1930

| Seventh-day Adventist
Shepherd's Rod | [Melton 2003]:617 [Chryssides 2001]:59 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:38
Branhamism | William M. Branham |

1951

| Oneness Pentecostalism | [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:37–40
Inedia, a.k.a. Breatharianism | Wiley Brooks |

1970s

| Hinduism-influenced | [Chryssides 2001]:60–61[25]: 30
The Brethren (Jim Roberts group), a.k.a. The Body of Christ and The Garbage Eaters | Jimmie T. Roberts |

c. 1970

| Unclassified Christianity | [Melton 2003]:1131–1132
British Israelism, a.k.a. Anglo-Israelism |  |

1870s

|  | [Chryssides 2001] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]
Bruderhof, a.k.a. the Hutterian Brethren and Hutterian Society of Brothers | Eberhard Arnold |

c. 1920

| Communalist | [Melton 2003]:709 [Chryssides 2001]:63–64[26]: 709
Brunstad Christian Church | Johan Oscar Smith |

1905

| Evangelical
nondenominational Christianity | [27] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:269–270[27]
Builders of the Adytum | Paul Foster Case |

1922

| Ritual magic | [Melton 2003]:891 [Chryssides 2001]:67–68 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:41–42
Burkhanism or Ak Jang | Chet Chelpan; Chugul Sarok Chandyk |

1904

| Altaian Millenarian-Indigenist
Tengrist | [28]
Cao Dai, a.k.a. Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do | Ngô Văn Chiêu & Lê Văn Trung |

1919

| Syncretistic
Vietnamese millenarianism | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:61 [Chryssides 2001]:69–70 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:44
Cargo cults |  |

1885

| Syncretistic
Millenarian-Indigenist | [Chryssides 2001]:70 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:62 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:45
Carlebach movement | Shlomo Carlebach |

late 1960s

| Neo-Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism | [23]: 7:4868–74
Celestial Church of Christ | Samuel Oshoffa |

1947

| Indigenist
Pentecostal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:64 [Chryssides 2001]:73
The Centers Network |  | 1981 |  | [Chryssides 2001]:73–74
Chabad, a.k.a. Chabad-Lubavitch | Shneur Zalman of Liadi |

1775

| Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism | [Chryssides 2001]:70 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:206,368
Charismatic Movement, a.k.a. neo-Pentecostalism |  |

1950s–1960s

| Charismatic Christianity | [Clarke 2006]:106–108[29] [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:70 [Chryssides 2001]:78
Chen Tao, a.k.a. God's Salvation Church and God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation | Hon-Ming Chen |

1955

| UFO religion | [Chryssides 2001]:78–79[30]
Cheondoism, a.k.a. Chendogyo | Choe Je-u |

1905

|  | [Chryssides 2001]:80–81
Cherubim and Seraphim, a.k.a. the Sacred Cherubim and Seraphim Society and Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim | Moses Orimolade Tunolase |

c. 1925

| African Pentecostal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:65 [Chryssides 2001]:79
Children of Thunder | Glenn Helzer |

2000

| Latter-day Saint Movement | [31]
Christ Apostolic Church | Joseph Ayo Babalola |

1941

| Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:479 [Chryssides 2001]:82–83
Christadelphians, a.k.a. Thomasites | John Thomas |

1844

| Baptist
Restorationism | [Chryssides 2001]:81–82 [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:48 [Melton 2003]:107 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:50
The Christian Community, a.k.a. the Christian Community Church and Christengemeinschaft | Rudolf Steiner
Friedrich Rittelmeyer |

1922

| Anthroposophy | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:70 [Chryssides 2001]:83
Christian Reformed Church in North America | Gijsbert Haan |

1857

| Reformed Presbyterian | [Melton 2003]:365 [Chryssides 2001]:86
Christian Science, a.k.a. Church of Christ, Scientist | Mary Baker Eddy |

1876

| Christianity
Faith healing
New Thought | [Chryssides 2001]:86–87. [Melton 2003]:741[32]
Christian World Liberation Front, a.k.a. the Spiritual Counterfeits Project | Jack Sparks, Fred Dyson, & Pat Matrisciana |

1969

| Fundamentalist Christianity
Millenarianism | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:76 [Chryssides 2001]:87–88
Church of All Worlds | Tim Zell & Lance Christie |

1962

| Witchcraft
Modern Pagan | [Melton 2003]:909 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:58 [Chryssides 2001]:88–89
Church of Aphrodite (defunct) | Gleb Botkin |

1938

| Modern Pagan
Goddess movement | [Melton 2003]:911 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:58
Church of Bible Understanding | Stewart Traill |

1971

| Adventism
Fundamentalist Christianity | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:79 [Chryssides 2001]:89–90 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:59
Church of Euthanasia | Chris Korda & Robert Kimberk |

1992

| Parody religion | [33]
Church of Daniel's Band |  |

1893

| Non-Episcopal Methodism | [Melton 2003]:395 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:61
Church of Divine Science | Malinda Cramer |

1888

| New Thought
Faith healing | [Miller 1995]:326
Church of God in Christ | Charles Harrison Mason |

1908

| Pentecostal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:85 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:62
The Church of God (Jerusalem Acres) | Grady R. Kent |

1957

| White Trinitarian
Holiness movement
Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:437 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:62
Church of God Mountain Assembly | J.H. Parks, Steve N. Bryant, Tom Moses and William O. Douglas |

1906

| [Melton 2003]:437 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:63, 65
Church of God of Prophecy | Ambrose Tomlinson |

1903

| [Melton 2003]:438 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:62–63
Church of God with Signs Following | George Went Hensley |

1920s

| Holiness-Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:489 [Chryssides 2006]:300–301
Church of Israel | Dan Gayman |

1974

| British Israelism | [Melton 2003]:653 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:65
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints | Joseph Smith |

1830

| Latter-day Saint movement-Millenarian |
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) | Joseph Smith
James Strang |

1844

| Latter-day Saint movement | [34]
Church of Satan | Anton LaVey |

1966

| Satanic | [Clarke 2006]:508–509 [Chryssides 2001]:91–92 [Miller 1995]:401–410
Church of the SubGenius | J.R. "Bob" Dobbs |

1979

| Parody |
Church of the Creator | Grace Marama URI |

1969

| Liberal family | [Melton 2003]:668
Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster or Pastafarianism | Bobby Henderson |

2005

| Parody | [35][36]
Church of the Living Word, a.k.a. The Walk | John Robert Stevens |

1954

| Fundamentalist
Occult | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:386 [Chryssides 2001]
Church of the Lord (Aladura) | Josiah Ositelu |

1930

| Pentecostal Family | [Melton 2003]:517 [Chryssides 2001]:93
Church of World Messianity | Mokichi Okada |

1934

| Shinto
Faith healing | [Melton 2003]:1120 [Chryssides 2001]:94 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:94, 371
Church Universal and Triumphant | Mark Prophet, Elizabeth Clare (Wolf) Prophet |

1958

| Theosophical
Occult | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:97 [Chryssides 2001]:94–95 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:281
Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles, also known as CARP | Sun Myung Moon |

1955

| Unification Church | [37] [Chryssides 2001]:71[38]
Commandment Keepers: Holy Church of the Living God | Arnold Josiah Ford |

1924

| Black Judaism | [Melton 2003]:951 [Lewis 1998]:180 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:74
Community Chapel and Bible Training Center | Donald Lee Barnett |

1967

| Latter Rain
Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:496 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:75
Concerned Christians | Monte Kim Miller |

1980s

|  | [Chryssides 2001]:96[39]
Conservative Judaism | Sabato Morais, Marcus Jastrow, H. Pereira Mendes |

1887

| Rabbinic Judaism | [Melton 2003]:943 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:76 [Chryssides 2001]:97
Core Shamanism, The Foundation for Shamanic Studies | Michael Harner |

1980

| Neoshamanism | [Clarke 2006]:580[40]
Covenant of the Goddess | merger |

1975

| Goddess
Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan
Wiccan | [Melton 2003]:915 [Chryssides 2001]:48–49 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:98[41]
Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans | Margot Adler |

1987

| Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan | [Melton 2003]:915 [Chryssides 2001]:99 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:99
The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord | James D. Ellison |

1970s, mid

| British Israelism | [Chryssides 2001]:99–100 [Melton 2003]:654 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:78
Creativity | Ben Klassen |

1970s, early

| Pantheism,
Agnostic Atheism,
White Racialism | [42]
Crossroads Movement |  |

1970s

|  | [Chryssides 2006]:100 [Chryssides 2001]:100
Cyberchurches |  |

2000s, early

| Non-denominational Christian | [Chryssides 2001]:103
Dalit Buddhist Movement, a.k.a. Navayana Buddhism | B.R. Ambedkar |

1956

| Neo-Buddhism | [43] [44]
Dances of Universal Peace | Samuel L. Lewis |

1968

|  | [45]
Diamond Way | Ole Nydahl |

1972

| Tibetan Buddhism, New Age, | [46][47]
Dianic Wicca | merger |

1971

| Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan
Goddess
Wiccan | [Melton 2003]:916 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:84
Discordianism | Greg Hill, Kerry Wendell Thornley |

1963

| Absurdism
Greek Mythology | [48]
Eastern Lightning, a.k.a. the Church of Almighty God | Yang Xiangbin, Zhao Weishan |

1991

| Chinese house churches | [49]: 97 [50]: 71 [51]: 96 [49][50]: 1
Eckankar or ECK | Paul Twitchell |

1965/1971

| Derived from Radha Soami, but denies connection | [Clarke 2006]:178–79 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:144–146, 384 [Melton 2003]:1056, 144, 384, 144, 508 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:91
Efficacious Spirit Teachings, a.k.a. Spirit Church and The Lingling Sect | Hua Xuehe |

1986

| Pentecostalism | [52]: 43 [53]: 123 [52]: 42 [54]: 43
Emin | Raymond Armin |

1971

| New Age |
End Time Survivors Jesus Christians | David McKay | 1981 | Fundamentalist Millennialism | [55][56]
Esoteric Nazism |  |

1940s, late

| Occult
Western esotericism | [57][58]: 17
Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal Covenant | Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal |

1968

| Syncretistic Messianic Judaism-Indigenist | [59]
Evangelical Methodist Church | J.H. Hamblen |

1946

| Non-Episcopal Methodist | [Melton 2003]:396 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:97
Falun Gong | Li Hongzhi |

1992

| Qigong movement | [Melton 2003]:1126[60]
The Family, a.k.a. Santiniketan Park Association & Great White Brotherhood | Anne Hamilton-Byrne |

1963

| New Age | [61]
Family International, previously the Children of God, the Family of Love and the Family | David Berg |

1968

| Fundamentalist, Jesus movement,
countercultural
evangelical | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:133 [Clarke 2006]:185[62][22]: 126 [62]
Fellowship of Isis | Olivia Robertson |

1976

| Modern Pagan
Goddess | [Melton 2003]:888 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:103
Fellowships of the Remnant | Denver Snuffer Jr. |

2013

| Latter-day Saint Movement |
Feraferia | Frederick Adams |

1967

| Modern Pagan
Goddess | [63]
Feri Tradition | Victor Henry Anderson, Cora Anderson |

1960, circa

| Goddess
Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan
Wiccan | [64]
Findhorn Foundation | Eileen Caddy, Peter Caddy, Alexis Edwards, Roger Benson |

1963

| Christian-Anthroposophistical-Rosicrucian | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:138 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:104
Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas | W.E. Fuller |

1898

| Black Trinitarian Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:482 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:104
Followers of Christ | Marion Reece (or Riess) |

1800s, late

| Unclassified Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:1137[65]
Fourth Way | George Gurdjieff |

1913–1916

| Esoteric
Esoteric Sufism | [Clarke 2006]:245–47[57]: 42 [Miller 1995]:259–266
Fraternitas Rosae Crucis | Paschal Beverly Randolph |

1858

| Rosicrucianism | [Melton 2003]:843 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:108
Fraternity of the Inner Light | Dion Fortune |

1924

| neo-Hermeticism
Esoteric Christianity | [Clarke 2006]:217–219
Freedomites |  |

1902

|  | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:272
Fundamentalist Christianity |  |

1800s, late

| Christian | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:113–114
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints | Lorin C. Woolley |

1929

| Latter-day Saint Movement | [66]
General Church of the New Jerusalem | schism |

1890

| Swedenborgianism | [Melton 2003]:763 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:117
The Genesis II Church of Health and Healing | Jim Humble |

2009/2010

| UFO-New Age inspired
Pseudoscience | [67][68][69][70]
Gentle Wind Project | John "Tubby" Miller and Mary "Moe" Miller |

1980

| Spiritualism | [71]
Ghost Dance | Wovoka |

1889

| Native American
Indigenist
Fundamentalist | [72] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:119
Global Peace Foundation | Hyun Jin Moon |

2007

| Unification Church | [73][74]
Goddess movement |  |

1960s,late

| Modern Pagan | [Clarke 2006] [75]
Godianism, a.k.a. Chiism | K.O.K. Onyioha |

1949

| African Indigenist Modern Pagan | [Clarke 2006]
Grail Movement | Oskar Ernst Bernhardt |

1924

| Syncretistic Christian
New Age
Channeling | [Melton 2003]:786 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:122–123
Hanuman Foundation | Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) |

1974/1980

| Neo-Hindu | [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:51 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:178 [Melton 2003]:1013 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:129
Hikari no Wa | Fumihiro Joyu |

2007

| Aum Shinrikyo | [76]: 29
Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy | Swami Rama |

1971

| Hindu | [Melton 2003]:1014 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:183–184 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:133
House of Israel | David Hill a.k.a. Rabbi Edward Washington |

1972

| Black Hebrew Israelites | [77]
Humanistic Judaism | Sherwin Wine |

1965

| Nontheistic Rabbinic Judaism | [Clarke 2006]:288–89
Human Sacrifices Sect of Nacozari | Silvia Meraz |

2009

| Santa Muerte | [78]
Huna | Max Freedom Long |

1936

| New Thought
New Age
Hawaiian religion | [Lewis 1998]:406–407
I AM Activity | Guy Ballard, Edna Anne Wheeler Ballard |

1930s, early

| Neo-Theosophical | [Melton 2003]:873 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:138
Iglesia ni Cristo | Felix Manalo |

1913, formally 1914

| Restorationism
Nontrinitarian
Fundamentalist | [Clarke 2006]:292–93
Independent Fundamental Churches of America | R. Lee Kirkland |

1922

| Unaffiliated Fundamentalist | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:179 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:142
Indian Shaker Church | John and Marry Slocum |

1881

| Native American and Christian | [72]
Insight Meditation Society | Jack Kornfield, Sharon Salzberg, Joseph Goldstein |

1976

| Theravada | [Melton 2003]:1067 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:143
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), a.k.a. Hare Krishna movement | A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada |

1966

| Hindu | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:199
International House of Prayer, a.k.a. IHOP or IHOPKC | Mike Bickle |

1999

| Charismatic Movement
Post-tribulational
Historic premillennialism |
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel | Aimee Semple McPherson |

1923

| White Trinitarian Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:451 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:108
International Community of Christ, a.k.a. Church of the Second Advent (CSA) and Jamilians | Eugene Douglas Savoy |

1972

| New Age | [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:139
Iriadamant | Pierre Doris Maltais |

1973

| Animism
Native American
Spiritual ecology | [79]
Isha Foundation | Jaggi Vasudev |

1992

| Hindu | [80]
ISKCON Revival Movement (IRM) | ? |

2000

| Neo-Hindu
ISKCON | [Jones & Ryan 2007]
Ivanovism (the Ivanovites) | Porfiry Ivanov |

1933

| Syncretistic
Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith | [81]: 128–145
Jehovah's Witnesses | Charles Taze Russell |

1870

| Adventist
Bible Students
Nontrinitarian | [Melton 2003]:637 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:150, 152–153
Jesus Army, a.k.a. "Jesus Fellowship Church" and "Bugbrooke Jesus Fellowship" | Noel Stanton |

1977

| Fundamentalist
Communal | [82]: 149–163 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:153
Jesus Movement |  |

1960s, late

| Fundamentalist | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:196 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:153[83]
Jewish Renewal | Zalman Schachter-Shalomi |

1970s, mid

| Neo-Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism
Syncretistic | [23]: 7:4868–74
Jews for Jesus | Moishe Rosen |

1970

| Fundamentalist
Messianic Judaism | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:197 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:155
John Frum |  |

1936

| Syncretistic
Millenarian
Kabbalah Centre | Philip Berg |

1970s

| Kabbalist
New Age | [Clarke 2006]:322–23
Karma Triyana Dharmachakra | the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa |

1976

| Tibetan Buddhism | [Melton 2003]:1108 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:157–158.
Keetoowah Society | Redbird Smith (co-founder) |

1858

| Native American
Indigenist | [72]
Kemetic Orthodoxy | Tamara Siuda |

1988

| Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism
Kemetic | [84]
Kerista | John Presmont |

1956

| Communal—After 1960 | [Melton 2003]:730 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:158
Kopimism | Isak Gerson |

2012

| Internet religion |
Konkokyo | Bunjirō Kawate |

1859

| Japanese
Shinto | [Melton 2003]:1122 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:161
Krishnamurti Foundations | Jiddu Krishnamurti |

1928

| Neo-Theosophical
Universalism | [85]
Kripalu Center (Kirpalu) | Amrit Desai |

1966

| Hindu | [Melton 2003]:1019 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:161
Lama Foundation | Steve Durkee |

1967

| Communal | [Melton 2003]:731 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:164
Latter Day Saint movement (Mormonism) | Joseph Smith |

1830

| Christian restorationism | [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:187 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:190, 192
Latter Rain Movement | George Hawtin, Percy Hunt |

1946

| Millenarian Pentecostal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:209 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:165
Laymen's Home Missionary Movement | Paul S.L. Johnson |

1920, circa

| Adventist
Bible Students | [Melton 2003]:639 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:165
Lectorium Rosicrucianum | Jan van Rijckenborgh; Zwier Willem Leene; Catharose de Petri |

1924

| Rosicrucianism | [Clarke 2006]:338–339 [Melton 2003]:844 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:165–166
The Living Word Fellowship | John Robert Stevens |

1951

| Latter Rain Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:506[86]
Local Church movement | Ni Shu-tsu (Watchman Nee) |

1920s

| Independent Fundamentalist | [Melton 2003] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]
Longhouse Religion | Handsome Lake alias Sganyodaiyoˀ |

1797

| Native American
Indigenist | [72]
Love Family, a.k.a. the Church of Jesus Christ at Armageddon and Love Israel | Paul Erdman |

1969

| Communal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:216 [Chryssides 2001]
Love Has Won | Amy Carlson |

2005, circa

| New Age | [87][88]
Lumpa Church | Alice Lenshina |

1953

| African initiated church | [89]
Mahikari | Kotama Okada |

1959

| Shinto | [Melton 2003]:1123 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:176
Makasol (Wind Nation), a.k.a. Paliau movement | Paliau Maloat |

1970s, circa

| Papuan Indigenist
Millenarian
countercultural | [Clarke 2006]:482–85
Manson Family | Charles Manson |

1967

| Millenarianism | [90]
Maranatha Campus Ministries | Bob Weiner |

1972

| Pentecostal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:223 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:178
Martinus' Spiritual Science | Martinus Thomsen |

1932

| Esoteric | [91][92][93]
Mata Amritanandamayi Math | Mata Amritanandamayi |

1981

| Neo-Hindu | [Clarke 2006]:31–32 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:26–27
Mazdaznan | Otoman Zar-Adusht Ha'nish |

1902

| Zoroastrianism | [Melton 2003]:991 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:181
Meher Baba followers | Merwan Sheriar Irani |

1921

| Hindu-inspired | [Melton 2003]:991[94]
Mespilism |  |

2000s

| Buddhism, Paganism, New Age, Syncretism, Humanism | [95]
Messianic Judaism |  |

1960s

| Judeo-Christian | [Clarke 2006]:397–99, 399 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:184
Mita Congregation | Juanita García Peraza |

1940

| Deliverance Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:462 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:186
Modekngei (Ngara Modekngei) | Tamadad from Chol |

1915, circa

| Syncretistic Christian-Indigenous | [96]
Monastic Order of Avallon | Henri Hillion de Coatmoc'han |

1972

| Modern Pagan | [97]
Moody Church | Dwight L. Moody |

1864

| Fundamentalist
Evangelical | [Melton 2003]:602 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:186
Moorish Science Temple of America | Timothy Drew |

1925

| Black Islam | [Melton 2003]:988 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:186, 188
Moral Re-Armament | Frank N.D. Buchman |

1921

|  | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:233 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:188, 190
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God | Credonia Mwerinde, Joseph Kibweteere |

1989

| Catholicism | [98]: 209 [98]: 203 [98]: 213, 206
Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness | John-Roger Hinkins |

1971

| Syncretistic
Sant Mat and Eckankar-influenced | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:384 [Clarke 2006]:412, 412–14 [Melton 2003]:1054 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:194
Namdhari | Balak Singh |

1800s, mid

| Sikh | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:243 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:196
Narcosatánicos | Adolfo Constanzo |

1985

| Palo | [99]
Nation of Islam | Elijah Muhammad |

1930s, mid

| Black Islam
UFO religion | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:245[100]
National Spiritualist Association of Churches | Harrison D. Barrett, James M. Peebles, Cora L. Richmond |

1893

| Spiritualism | [Melton 2003]:772 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:197
Native American Church, a.k.a. Peyotism | Quanah Parker |

1800–19th century

| Native American
Indigenist Entheogen groups | [72] [Melton 2003]:809 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:202
Native Ukrainian National Faith, a.k.a. RUNVira or Sylenkoism | Lev Sylenko |

1960s, mid

| Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith | [81]: 130
Neo-charismatic movement |  |

1980s, early

| Charismatic Christian
Nondenominational Christian | [29]: 286–87
Neo-Hinduism or Reform Hinduism |  |

1830, circa

| Hindu | [Clarke 2006]
New Apostolic Church | Heinrich Geyer |

1863

| Catholic Apostolic Church
Unclassified Christian Churches | [Melton 2003]:1139 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:205
The New Message from God | Marshall Vian Summers |

1992

| UFO religion | [101][102]
New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn |  |

1969

| Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Witchcraft
Modern Pagan | [Melton 2003]:923 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:207
New Thought | Phineas Parkhurst Quimby |

1800s, mid

| Metaphysical
Faith healing | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:258 [Miller 1995]:325–330 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:208
Nuwaubian Nation or United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors  | Dwight York  |

1967

| UFO religion, New Age, Christian, Jewish, Black supremacist | [103][104]
Oahspe Faithists | John Ballou Newbrough |

1882

| UFO religion | [105]
Odinism | Orestes Brownson |

1848

| Modern Pagan | [106]
Oneida Community | John Humphrey Noyes | Perfectionism | [107]
Oneness Movement a.k.a. Oneness University | Kalki Bhagawan |

1989

| Indian religions-inspired
New Age
Neo-Hindu
2012 phenomenon-inspired | [108]
Oomoto | Nao Deguchi |

1899

| Japanese
Shinto-Millenarian | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:266 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:216
Open Bible Standard Churches | merger |

1935

| White Trinitarian Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:454 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:217
Opus Dei: 251 | Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer |

1928

| Roman Catholic | [109][110]: 251 [111][112]: 3, 122–123 [Clarke 2006]:427–428[22]: 126, 470–71 [113]
Order of the Solar Temple | Joseph Di Mambro, Luc Jouret |

1984

| Rosicrucian | [98]: 130 [98]: 125 [98]
Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.) | Carl Kellner; Theodor Reuss |

1895/1906

| Western esotericism
Neo-Hermetism
Thelema | [Clarke 2006]:430 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:270
Pentecostal Church of God |  |

1919

| Pentecostal | [29][14]: 109 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:225
Pentecostalism |  |

1900s

| Charismatic Christian | [29] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:224–25
People Unlimited, also known as Eternal Flame Foundation, People Forever, and CBJ | Charles Paul Brown, Bernadeane Brown, James Russell Strole |

1982

| Immortalism, Christianity | [Lewis 1998]:95–96[114]
Peoples Temple | Jim Jones |

1955

| Christian socialism | [Melton 2003]:832 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:226[115]
Philosophical Research Society | Manly Palmer Hall |

1934

| Occult | [Melton 2003]:849 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:228
Pilgrims of Arès | Michel Potay |

1974

|  | [116]
Plymouth Brethren | John Nelson Darby |

1830

| evangelical
Millenarian | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:281 [Chryssides 2001]:61 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:228–229
Potter's House also known as: Christian Fellowship Ministries (CFM), The Door, Victory Chapel, Christian Center, Crossroads Chapel, etc. | Wayman Mitchell |

1970

| Pentecostal | [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:51–52
Process Church of the Final Judgement | Mary Ann MacLean and Robert de Grimston |

1963

| Satanism | [117]: 329
Quiverfull | Mary Pride  |

1985

| Christian Natalism | [118]
Radha Soami, also Radhasoami Movement or Sant Mat movement | Shiv Dayal Singh |

1861

| Sikh-derived or Syncretistic Sikh-Hindu or Sant Mat-inspired | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:344–45, 344–45, 383–84 [Clarke 2006]:507 [Melton 2003]:1059, 507–509
Radha Soami Satsang Beas | Baba Jaimal Singh |

1891

| Sant Mat
Radha Soami | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:345 [Melton 2003]:1059 [Clarke 2006]:508 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:234
Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh | Kamta Prasad Sinha |

1907

| Radha Soami | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:344–45
Raëlism, a.k.a. Raëlian Church | Claude Vorilhon (Rael) |

1973/1974

| UFO religion | [Melton 2003]:806 [Clarke 2006]:509–10 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:234
Rainbow Family, a.k.a. Rainbow Coalition | Barry Adams or Jesse Jackson |

1960s, late

| Communal
Afro-American | [Melton 2003]:732 [Clarke 2006]:511–12 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:234, 236
Rajneesh movement, a.k.a. Osho movement | Rajneesh Chandra Mohan |

1966

| Indian religions-inspired
Syncretistic | [Clarke 2006]:512–14 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:345–46 [Melton 2003]:1051 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:236, 238
Ramakrishna Mission, a.k.a. Ramakrishna movement or Vedanta Society | Swami Vivekananda |

1897

| Neo-Hindu
Neo-Vedanta | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:314 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:483–84 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:382[119]: 57–58
Ramtha's School of Enlightenment | J.Z. Knight |

1977

| New Age | [120][121][122]
Rastafari | Leonard Howell, Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, Robert Hinds |

1920s/1935

| Jewish and Christian-influenced Afro-centric | [Melton 2003]:954 [Clarke 2006]:518–20 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:241,243[123]
Reconstructionist Judaism | Mordecai Kaplan |

1922

| Rabbinic Judaism | [Clarke 2006]:523–25
Reform Judaism, a.k.a. Progressive or Liberal Judaism | Isaac Harby; Isaac M. Wise; others |

1820s

| [Clarke 2006]:525–26
Reformed Druids of North America |  |

1960s

| Modern Pagan | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:299 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:244
Reiki, also Usui Shiko Ryoho System of Healing | Mikao Usui |

1922

| Energy medicine
Japanese Buddhism | [Clarke 2006]:528–529
Religious Science | Ernest Holmes |

1948

| New Thought | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:301 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:245–246
Risshō Kōsei Kai | Nikkyo Niwano, Myoko Naganuma |

1938

| Nichiren Buddhist | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:248[124]
The Rosicrucian Fellowship | Carl Louis von Grasshof |

1909

| Rosicrucianism | [Melton 2003]:845 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:249
Ruhani Satsang, a.k.a. Kirpal Light Satsang | Kirpal Singh |

1948

| Radha Soami | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:345 [Clarke 2006]:508
Sacred Name Movement | Clarence Orvil Dodd |

1930s

| Judeo-Christian (Judaizers)
Nontrinitarian
Church of God (Seventh-Day) | [Clarke 2006]:543 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:251
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj | Anandamohan Bose, Sivanath Sastri, Umesh Chandra Dutta |

1878

| Brahmoism | [24]: 43–57
Sahaja Yoga | Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi |

1970

| Neo-Hindu | [Melton 2003]:1029 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:373–74[125]
Saiva Siddhanta Church | Subramuniy |

1957

| Hindu | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:376–77 [Melton 2003]:1029 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:251
The Salvation Army | William Booth |

1865

| Holiness movement | [Melton 2003]:419 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:252, 254
Saminism, Samin movement: 207–240 | Samin Surosentiko |

1889

| Abrahamic religions
Indigenist | [126]: 103 [127]: 207
Sant Nirankari Mission | Baba Buta Singh Ji |

1929, formally 1947

| Sikh
Nirankari | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:313 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:210
Santa Muerte Cult |  |

1940s, late (or earlier)[128]

| Syncretic Folk Catholic | [129]
Sathya Sai Baba movement or Sai Baba movement | Sathya Sai Baba |

1950

| Neo-Hindu | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:389–90, 389 [Clarke 2006]:545–47
Santo Daime | Mestre Irineu |

1930s

| Folk Catholic
Spiritism
Neoshamanic
Entheogen groups | [130]
The Satanic Temple | Lucien Greaves, Malcolm Jarry |

2012

| Satanic
Nontheistic | [131][132][133][134][135]
Science of Identity Foundation (SIF) | Chris Butler alias Jagad Guru Siddhaswarupananda |

1977

| Neo-Hindu
ISKCON | [Jones & Ryan 2007]:411–12
Scientology | L. Ron Hubbard |

1955

| UFO-Psychic
New Age | [136][137] [Melton 2003]:816 [Miller 1995]:385–392[22]: 126 [138]
Sekta Niebo | Bogdan Kacmajor |

1990

| Christian | [139]
Seicho-no-Ie | Masaharu Taniguchi, Fenwicke Holmes |

1930

| Japanese
Religious Science-Shinto | [140] [Clarke 2006]:568–569
Self-Realization Fellowship | Paramahansa Yogananda |

1935

| Neo-Hindu | [Melton 2003]:1031 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:392–94 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:261
Semitic Neopaganism | Raphael Patai |

1960s

| Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism
Feminism | [141]
Seventh-day Adventist Church | Ellen G. White; Joseph Bates |

1860

| Adventist
Millerite
Seventh-day Sabbatarian | [Melton 2003]:621 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:262
Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movement | schism |

1925

| Seventh-day Adventist | [Melton 2003]:622–623 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:262–263
Shakers | Ann Lee |

1750s

| Communal—Before 1960 | [Melton 2003]:724 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:263, 265
Shengdao, a.k.a. Tongshanshe | Peng Tairong (Ruzun) |

1900s, early

| Chinese salvationist | [142]: 685
Shepherd's Rod, a.k.a. the Davidians, officially, the Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association | Victor T. Houteff |

1935

| Seventh-day Adventist | [Melton 2003]:619 [Lewis 1998]:189
Shiloh Youth Revival Centers | John J. Higgins, Jr. |

1969

| Communal—After 1960 | [Melton 2003]:734 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:266
Shincheonji Church of Jesus | Lee Man-hee |

1984

| Christian | [143]
Shinji Shumeikai, a.k.a. Shumei | Mihoko Koyama |

1970

| Church of World Messianity
Faith healing | [140]
Shinnyo-en | Shinjo Ito, Tomoji Ito |

1936

| Japanese
Japanese Buddhism | [Melton 2003]:1081 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:266–267
Shinreikyo | Kanichi Otsuka |

1950, circa

| Japanese
Shinto
Syncretistic | [Melton 2003]:1123 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:266
Shouters | Li Changshou |

1965

| Christianity | [52]: 45 [52]
Shri Ram Chandra Mission | Shri Ram Chandraji Maharaj |

1945

| Hindu | [144]
Slavic Native Faith, a.k.a. Rodnovery or Slavic Neopaganism | Władysław Kołodziej, Jan Stachniuk |

1920–30s

| Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism | [81]: 112–127 [145]
Slavic-Hill Rodnovery | Aleksandr Belov |

1980s

| Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith | [145]: 39
Soka Gakkai International | Tsunesaburo Makiguchi |

1930

| Japanese
Nichiren Buddhism | [Melton 2003]:1082 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:271[146]
Spiritualism | Kate and Margaret Fox |

1848

| Psychic-Mediumship
Metaphysical | [Miller 1995]:331–338[147]: 248
Subud (Susila Budhi Dharma) | Muhammed Subuh |

1933

| Kejawèn
neo-Sufism | [Clarke 2006]:607–608 [Miller 1995]:267–274[126]: 101 [Melton 2003]:981 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:279
Sufi Ruhaniat International | Samuel L. Lewis |

1968

| neo-Sufism | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:342 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:279
Sukyo Mahikari | Keishu Okada |

1978

| Japanese
Mahikari Syncretistic | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:344 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:281
Summum | Claude Rex Nowell |

1975

| Unclassified Christian | [Melton 2003]:1141 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:281
Sun Dance |  |

1890

| Native American
Indigenist | [72]
Syntheism | Alexander Bard |

2012

| Pantheist
Humanist
Netocratic | [148]
Temple of Set  | Michael A. Aquino  |

1975

| Satanism
Polytheism | [149]
Temple of Zeus  | Andrea Maxine Dietrich  |

2002

| Satanism
Polytheism | [150]: 448
Tenrikyo | Miki Nakayama |

1838

| Japanese
Shinto | [Melton 2003]:1124 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:287–288
Tensegrity | Carlos Castaneda |

1995

| Neoshamanism
New Age | [40] [Clarke 2006]:581
Terasem | Martine Rothblatt |

2004

| Transhumanism | [151]
Thelema, a.k.a. the A∴A∴ order | Aleister Crowley |

1900s, early

| Occult
neo-Hermetism
Western esotericism | [57]: 41–42
Theosophy or Theosophical Society, a.k.a. 1882 as Theosophical Society Adyar | Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge |

1875

| Occult
Eastern and Western esotericism | [57]: 40–41 [152] [Clarke 2006]:624–625 [Miller 1995]:315–324[152]
Theosophical Society Pasadena | William Quan Judge |

1895

| Theosophical | [152]: blz. 427 [Miller 1995]:315–324
Toronto Blessing | Randy Clark |

1994

| Neo-charismatic | [82]: 122–123 [153]
Transcendental Meditation (TM) | Maharishi Mahesh Yogi |

1958

| Neo-Hindu-inspired | [Melton 2003]:1045 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:292–293, 295–296
Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly Friends of the Western Buddhist Order) | Sangharakshita (Dennis Lingwood) |

1967

| Neo-Buddhism | [154]
True Buddha School | Lu Sheng-yen |

1980s, late

| Tibetan Buddhism
Taoism | [155]
True Russian Orthodox Church | Pyotr Kuznetsov |

2007

| Russian Orthodoxy Apocalypticism | [156]
Twelve Tribes | Gene and Marsha Spriggs |

1972

| Messianic Jewish Communal—After 1960 | [Melton 2003]:737 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:212, 334–335
Two by Twos, a.k.a. Cooneyites, Christian Conventions, the Workers and Friends, the Truth, etc. |

William Irvine

1897

| Independent fundamentalist family | [Melton 2003]:611 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:298 [Chryssides 2001]:330[157]
Umbanda | Zélio Fernandino de Moraes |

1920

| Spiritism | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:299[158]
Unarius Academy of Science | Ernest Norman, Ruth Norman |

1954

| UFO Religion | [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:300, 302–303
União do Vegetal | Mestre Gabriel |

1961

| Spiritism
Neoshamanic
Entheogen groups | [130]
Unification Church, a.k.a. the Moonies | Sun Myung Moon |

1954

| Syncretistic Christian | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:365 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:300, 302–303
Unitarian Universalism | consolidation |

1961

| Unitarian Universalism | [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:308–310 [Chryssides 2006]:335
United Holy Church of America | Isaac Cheshier |

1900

| Black Trinitarian Pentecostal | [Melton 2003]:487 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:304
United House of Prayer for All People | Marcelino Manoel de Graca |

1925

| African American Pentecostal | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:371 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:304–305
United Israel World Union | David Horowitz |

1944

| Other Jewish Groups | [Melton 2003]:959 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:305
United Lodge of Theosophists | Robert Crosbie |

1909

| Theosophical | [Melton 2003]:855 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:305
United Pentecostal Church International | merger |

1945

| Apostolic Pentecostals | [Melton 2003]:476 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:287–306
Unity Church | Charles Fillmore and Myrtle Fillmore |

1889/1903

| New Thought-Christian | [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:373 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:306–307
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God | Edir Macedo |

1977

| Neo-charismatic
Evangelical | [Clarke 2006]
Universal Great Brotherhood | Serge Raynaud de la Ferriere |

1940s, late

| Other Theosophical Groups | [Melton 2003]:883 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:310
Universal Life Church | Kirby Hensley |

1962

| Liberal Family | [Melton 2003]:680 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:311
Universal White Brotherhood | Peter Deunov |

1900

| Other Theosophical Groups
Esoteric Christianity | [Melton 2003]:880[159]
Urantia Foundation | William S. Sadler |

1934

| UFO religion
Psychic
New Age
Christian occultist | [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:319–322 [Melton 2003]:839 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:380
Vajradhatu | Chögyam Trungpa |

1973

| Tibetan Buddhism | [Melton 2003]:1115 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:313
Vale do Amanhecer | Tia Neiva |

1959

| Spiritualism | [160]
Volunteers of America | Ballington Booth, Maud Booth |

1896

| Holiness | [Melton 2003]:420 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:316
Washat Dreamers Religion | Smohalla |

1850

| Native American
Indigenist | [72]
The Way International | Victor Paul Wierwille |

1942

| Independent fundamentalist family | [Melton 2003]:608 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:318
The Way of the Livingness (Universal Medicine) | Serge Benhayon |

1999

| Neo-Theosophical and/or "Socially harmful cult". | [161][162][163]
White Eagle Lodge | Lady Elizabeth Carey |

1943

| Other Theosophical Groups | [Melton 2003]:884 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:319
Wicca | Gerald Gardner |

1949, circa

| Pagan-influenced
Syncretic
New Age | [57]: 55 [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:338 [Miller 1995]
Wotansvolk | David Lane |

1990s

| neo-völkisch paganism | [164]
The Word Foundation | Harold W. Percival |

1904, circa

| Theosophical | [Melton 2003]:856 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:320
World Peace and Unification Sanctuary Church | Hyung Jin Moon, Yeon Ah Lee Moon |

2015

| Unification Church-based
ultra-Orthodox/Fundamentalism | [165][166]
Yiguandao | Wang Jueyi; Chang Thien Ran |

1800s, late

| Chinese salvationist-Millenarian | [142]: 702–703 [Clarke 2006]

## See also

* Governmental lists of cults and sects
* Hinduism-oriented new religious movements
* List of Christian denominations
* List of New Thought denominations and independent centers
* List of Neopagan movements
* List of religions and spiritual traditions
* List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement
* New religious movements in the United States
* Sociological classifications of religious movements

## Bibliography

### Main sources

<div class="reflist" references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Encyclopedia of Hinduism". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC.

; -webkit-column-width: Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Encyclopedia of Hinduism". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC.
; column-width: Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Encyclopedia of Hinduism". Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC.
; list-style-type: square;">

1. [Jones & Ryan 2007] {{{ref6}}}

### Other selected sources

* Adler, Margot (2006). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today (Reprint rev. and expand. ed.). New York: Penguin/Arcana. ISBN 0-14-019536-X. | at Archive.org
* Ashcraft, W. Michael (2018). Introduction to the Study of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge.
* Bainbridge, William Sims (1997). The sociology of religious movements. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91202-0.
* Barrett, David V. (2001). The new believers: a survey of sects, cults and alternative religions (Rev. ed.). London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-35592-1. https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr.
* Best, Felton O., ed (1998). Black Religious Leadership from the Slave Community to the Million Man March; flames of fire. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.
* Burgess, Stanley M.; van der Maas, Eduard M., eds (2002). "The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements". The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. ISBN 0-310-22481-0.
* Champagne, Duane (2005). "Encyclopedia of Religion: 15-volume Set". in Lindsay Jones. Encyclopedia of Religion: 15-volume Set. 10 (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, Mi: Macmillan Reference USA.
* Clarke, Peter B., ed (2000). Japanese New Religions: In Global Perspective. Surrey, UK: Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1185-6.
* Dawson, Andrew (2007). New Era, New Religions: Religious Transformation in Contemporary Brazil. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-5433-9.
* Dawson, Lorne L. (2006). Comprehending Cults: The Sociology of New Religious Movements. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-542009-8. https://archive.org/details/trent_0116405390356.
* Ellwood, Robert S. (1971). "Notes on a Neopagan Religious Group in America". History of Religions XI (1): 125–139. doi:10.1086/462645.
* Enroth, Ronald M. (2005). A Guide To New Religious Movements. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-2381-9. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780739454954.
* Fort, Samuel (2014). Cult of the Great Eleven. Nisirtu Press.
* Gallagher, Eugene V. (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-275-98713-8.
* Gold, Lorna (2004). The Sharing Economy: Solidarity Networks Transforming Globalization. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-3345-7.
* Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2002). Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-3155-0.
* Gooren, Henri, ed (2015). "Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions". Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08956-0_49-1. ISBN 978-3-319-08956-0.
* Greer, John Michael (2003) (in en). The New Encyclopedia of the Occult. St. Paul: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 978-1-56718-336-8.
* Hanegraaff, Wouter (2013). Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-4411-3646-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=khaNd720XQMC.
* Hayes, Michael A. (2006). New Religious Movements in the Catholic Church. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-9357-6.
* Introvigne, Massimo; Kotkowska, Karolina Maria (2024). "The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light: An Introduction". The Journal of CESNUR 8 (3): 33–51. doi:10.26338/tjoc.2024.8.3.2. ISSN 2532-2990.
* Irons, Edward A. (2008). "Encyclopedia of Buddhism". Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Checkmark Books. ISBN 978-0-8160-7744-1.
* Jones, Lindsay, ed (2005). "Encyclopedia of Religion". Encyclopedia of Religion. 15-volume Set (2nd ed.). Detroit, Mi: MacMillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-865733-0. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2.
* Keown, Damien; Prebish, Charles S. (2013). "Encyclopedia of Buddhism". Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-98588-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ.
* Klass, Morton; Weisgrau, Maxine K. (1999). Across the Boundaries of Belief: Contemporary Issues in the Anthropology of Religion. Boulder, Co; Oxford, UK: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-2695-5.
* Krogh, Marilyn; Pillifant, Brooke Ashley (2004). "Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note". Sociology of Religion 65 (2): 167–175. doi:10.2307/3712405.
* "Mini-Consultation on Reaching Mystics and Cultists". Lausanne Occasional Paper 11 (1.e). 1980. http://www.lausanne.org/all-documents/lop-11.html.
* Lewis, James R. (2002). Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Amherst, NY: Prometheus. ISBN 978-1-57392-888-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=3w8ZAQAAIAAJ.
* Lewis, James R. (2003). "The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions". The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-964-6.
* Lewis, James R., ed (2004). "The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of New Age Religions". The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of New Age Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-040-0.
* Lewis, James R., ed (2004). "The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements". The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514986-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=srzUHo874qIC.
* Lewis, James R., ed (2004) (in en). Controversial New Religions (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515682-9.
* Lewis, James R., ed (2015). "Handbook of Nordic New Religions". Handbook of Nordic New Religions. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-29246-8.
* Lewis, James R., ed (2016). "The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements". The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford Handbooks. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-046617-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=KisRDAAAQBAJ.
* Lyon, David (2000). Jesus in Disneyland: Religion in Postmodern Times. Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-1489-2.
* Marhic, Renaud; Kerlidou, Alain (1996). Sectes & mouvements initiatiques en Bretagne: du celtisme au nouvel âge. Terre de brume editions. ISBN 978-2-908021-78-3.
* Mayer, Jean-François; Kranenborg, Reender (2004) (in fr). La naissance des nouvelles religions. Genève: Georg. ISBN 978-2-8257-0877-4. http://religion.info/french/articles/article_149.shtml. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
* Melton, J. Gordon, ed (1990). "New Age Encyclopedia". New Age Encyclopedia. Detroit, Mi: Gale Research. ISBN 0-8103-7159-6. https://archive.org/details/newageencycloped00jgor.
* Melton, J. Gordon (1992). "Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America". Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America. Religious Information Series, 7 (Rev. and updated ed.). New York: Garland Publ.. ISBN 0-8153-0502-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=KRTGzgpDvL4C.
* Melton, J. Gordon (1999). "Religious Leaders of America: A Biographical Guide to Founders and Leaders of Religious Bodies, Churches, and Spiritual Groups in North America". Religious Leaders of America: A Biographical Guide to Founders and Leaders of Religious Bodies, Churches, and Spiritual Groups in North America (2nd ed.). Detroit, Mi: Gale Group. ISBN 0-8103-8878-2. https://archive.org/details/religiousleaders0000melt.
* Melton, J. Gordon, ed (2009). "Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions". Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions (8th ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-787-69696-2. (archive)
* Melton, J. Gordon, ed (2010). Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Ca: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C.
* Nelson, Geoffrey K. (1987). Cults, New Religions and Religious Creativity. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-7102-0855-2. https://archive.org/details/cultsnewreligion0000nels.
* Partridge, Christopher (2004). New Religions: A Guide: New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-522042-1.
* Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2003). UFO Religions. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-26324-5.
* Peters, Shawn Francis (2008). When Prayer Fails: Faith Healing, Children, and the Law. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530635-4.
* Ramstedt, Martin (2007). Kemp, Daren. ed. Handbook of the New Age. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. 1. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15355-4.
* Raphael, Melissa (April 1998). "Goddess Religion, Postmodern Jewish Feminism, and the Complexity of Alternative Religious Identities". Nova Religio 1 (2): 198–215. doi:10.1525/nr.1998.1.2.198. https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article-abstract/1/2/198/70030/Goddess-Religion-Postmodern-Jewish-Feminism-and?redirectedFrom=PDF.
* Reece, Gregory L. (2007). UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-451-0.
* Ryan, Charles J. (1975). H.P. Blavatsky and the Theosophical Movement. San Diego, Ca: Point Loma Publications. ISBN 0-913004-25-1.
* Saliba, John (2003). Understanding New Religious Movements. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0356-6.
* Singer, Margaret Thaler; Lalich, Janja (1995). Cults in Our Midst. San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-0-7879-0051-9. https://archive.org/details/cultsinourmidst00sing.
* Smith, Christian; Joshua Prokopy (1999). Latin American Religion in Motion. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-92106-0. https://archive.org/details/latinamericanrel0000unse.
* Strmiska, M.; Sigurvinsson, B. A. (2005). "Asatru: Nordic Paganism in Iceland and America". in Strmiska, M.. Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Barbara, Ca; Denver, Co; Oxford: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-85109-608-4.
* Swenson, Donald (2009). Society, Spirituality, and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introduction. North York, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9680-7.
* Tamura, Yoshiro (2001). Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History. Kosei Publishing Company. ISBN 978-4-333-01684-6.
* Tucker, Ruth A. (2004). Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-25937-4.
* Urban, Hugh B. (2015). New Age, Neopagan, and New Religious Movements: Alternative Spirituality in Contemporary America. Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-28117-2. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520281172/new-age-neopagan-and-new-religious-movements.
* York, Michael (2004). Historical Dictionary of New Age Movements. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4873-3.

## References

1. ↑ "new religious movement". https://www.britannica.com/topic/new-religious-movemezent.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beckford, James A., ed (1 January 1987). New religious movements and rapid social change. London: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-0-8039-8003-7. https://archive.org/details/newreligiousmove00reli.
3. ↑ Nelson 1987, p. 107.
4. ↑ Swenson 2009, p. 206.
5. ↑ Coney, Judith (June 1998). "A Response to: Religious Liberty in Western Europe by Massimo Introvigne, Vol. 5, No. 2". ISKCON Communications Journal 6 (1).
6. ↑ Wilson, Bryan R., ed (5 May 1999). New religious movements: challenge and response. London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-20049-3.
7. ↑ Hakl, Hans Thomas (2010). "Franz Sättler (Dr. Musallam) and the Twentieth-Century Cult of Adonism". The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies 12 (1–19): 4–19. doi:10.1558/pome.v12i1.4. ISSN 1528-0268.
8. ↑ Omoyajowo 1995, pp. xv, 113.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam (2005). "Whose Steeple is Higher? Religious Competition in Siberia". Religion, State & Society 33 (1–69): 57–69. doi:10.1080/0963749042000330839. http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/rss/33-1_057.pdf. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
10. ↑ "Sect of roch Theriault - Cults". 2014-02-02. http://www.localmouth.com/go/cults/show_topic?topic_id=2269.
11. ↑ "Holy Moses Mountain Family – WRSP". https://wrldrels.org/2019/02/25/holy-moses-mountain-family-2/.
12. ↑ "Apostles of Infinite Love – WRSP". https://wrldrels.org/2020/06/07/apostles-of-infinite-love/.
13. ↑ Strmiska and Sigurvinsson 2005, pp. 127–180.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Clark, Elmer T. (June 1940). The Small Sects in America (1st ed.). New York: Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-0-687-38703-8.
15. ↑ Vliegenthart, Dave (2022). "Reasoned Flights beyond Reason: The Life and Teachings of Franklin Merrell-Wolff". Nova Religio 26 (1): 14. doi:10.1525/nr.2022.26.1.5. https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/65e92e9a-9dad-461f-8529-09f11da12fb0.
16. ↑ Saliba, 2003, p. 171.
17. ↑ Partridge, 2004, p. 261.
18. ↑ Barrett, David (2001). The New Believers. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35592-5. https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr.
19. ↑ "Dr. Frederick Kettner". Biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com. http://biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com/kettner.htm.
20. ↑ "Objectives of Biosophy". Biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com. http://biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com/objectives.htm.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Fort, Samuel (9 October 2014). Cult of the Great Eleven. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5027-8258-8. [self-published source]
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bhugra1996`
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Jones, Lindsay, ed (2005). "Encyclopedia of Religion". Encyclopedia of Religion. 15-volume Set (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, Mi: MacMillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-865733-0. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Kopf, David (1979). The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
25. ↑ Bergman, Gregory (30 May 2006). Isms. Avon, MA: Adams Media. ISBN 978-1-59337-483-9.
26. ↑ "Eberhard Arnold: Founder of the Bruderhof". http://www.eberhardarnold.com/.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "The Way Of The Cross". 2007-04-02. http://www.ka-bratli.com/eng_korsets.htm.
28. ↑ Halemba, Agnieszka (2003). "Contemporary religious life in the Republic of Altai: the interaction of Buddhism and Shamanism". Sibirica 3 (2): 165–82. doi:10.1080/1361736042000245295. http://www.innerasiaresearch.org/03_RSIBhalemba.pdf.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Burgess, Stanley M.; van der Maas, Eduard M., eds (2002). "The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements". The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. ISBN 0-310-22481-0.
30. ↑ "The Religious Movements Homepage: Chen Tao". 2005-10-29. http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/chentao.html.
31. ↑ Scott, Robert (2005). Unholy Sacrifice.
32. ↑ Saliba, John A. (2003) (in en). Understanding New Religious Movements. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 978-0-7591-0356-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=EPfTWgerZN0C&pg=PA26.
33. ↑ "Church of Euthanasia – WRSP". https://wrldrels.org/2018/09/15/14893/.
34. ↑ "About Us" (in en). https://www.ldsstrangite.com/about-us.html.
35. ↑ "Pastafarian recognized in Texas ID". 25 August 2013. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/pastafarian-recognized-texas-id-article-1.1436608.
36. ↑ Atheist, Friendly. "Thanks to a Technicality, Pastafarianism is Now an Official Religion in Poland!". http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2014/04/10/thanks-to-a-technicality-pastafarianism-is-now-an-official-religion-in-poland/.
37. ↑ Storey, John Woodrow; Glenn H. Utter (2002). Religion and Politics. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-57607-218-9. https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics00stor/page/99.
38. ↑ In 1955, Reverend Moon established the Collegiate Association for the Research of the Principle (CARP). CARP is now active on many campuses in the United States and has expanded to over eighty nations. This association of students promotes intercultural, interracial, and international cooperation through the Unification world view." [1]
39. ↑ "The Concerned Christians cult". http://www.religioustolerance.org/dc_conc.htm.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Robert, J. Wallis (2003). Shamans/neo-Shamans: Ecstasy, Alternative Archaeologies and Contemporary Pagans. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30203-X.
41. ↑ Adler 2006, p. 101.
42. ↑ Robinson 2005.
43. ↑ Keown & Prebish 2013, pp. 24–26.
44. ↑ Ranjit Kumar De; Uttara Shastree (1996). Religious Converts in India: Socio-political Study of Neo-Buddhists. Mittal Publications. p. 10. ISBN 978-81-7099-629-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=yYInC70BSEgC&pg=PA10.
45. ↑ Van Bruinessen 2007, p. 258.
46. ↑ https://info-buddhism.com/Ole_Nydahl_and_Diamond_Way_B_Scherer.html Neo-orthodox Tradition and Transition: Lama Ole Nydahl and the Diamond Way Bee Scherer, Professor of Religious Studies (Buddhism) and Gender Studies at Canterbury Christ Church University (U.K.)
47. ↑ https://www.academia.edu/7782672/Conversion_Devotion_and_Trans_Mission_Understanding_Ole_Nydahl_in_T_Lewis_ed_2014_Buddhists_Understanding_Buddhism_Through_the_Lives_of_Practitioners_Blackwell_Wiley_London_pp_96_106 Conversion, Devotion and (Trans-)Mission: Understanding Ole Nydahl, in T Lewis (ed.) 2014, Buddhists: Understanding Buddhism Through the Lives of Practitioners, Blackwell Wiley, London, pp. 96-106.
48. ↑ "Discordianism". https://wrldrels.org/2016/10/08/discordianism/.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Dunn, Emily (2008). "'Cult,' Church, and the CCP: Introducing Eastern Lightning.". Modern China 35.
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Dunn, Emily (2015). Title: Lightning From the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China. Boston: Brill.
51. ↑ Dunn, Emily (2008). "'Cult,' Church, and the CCP: Introducing Eastern Lightning.". Modern China 35. doi:10.1177/0097700408320546.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 Irons, Edward (2018). "The List: The Evolution of China's Illegal and Evil Cults". The Journal of the Center for Studies on New Religions.
53. ↑ Anderson, Allan; Tang, Edmond (2006). "Independency in Africa and Asia". in Hugh McLeod. The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 9, World Christianities C.1914-c.2000. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-42374-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ms_SyCLNpuAC&pg=PA123.
54. ↑ Dunn, Emily (2015). Lightning from the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China. Brill.
55. ↑ Smith, Geraldine. "The Millenialists Project: A Comparative Study Between the End of Time Survivors and Survivalism in Western Modernity". Australian Association of Study of Religion. https://www.aasr.org.au/conference-program/.
56. ↑ Smith, Geraldine. "Conference Program/ New Religious Movements/ The Millenialists Project: A Comparative Study Between the End of Time Survivors and Survivalism in Western Modernity". https://www.aasr.org.au/conference-program/.
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Hanegraaff2013`
58. ↑ Clarke, Nicholas (1993). The Occult Roots of Nazism. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-3060-7.
59. ↑ "Tropical Promised Land: New Israelites of the Amazon" (in en). Haaretz. https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium.MAGAZINE-tropical-promised-land-new-israelites-of-the-amazon-1.5409032.
60. ↑ Lewis 2004, p. 195.
61. ↑ "The Family (Australia) – WRSP". https://wrldrels.org/2018/01/03/the-family/.
62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 Melton 2009, p. 676.
63. ↑ Ellwood 1971, p. 125.
64. ↑ Adler 2006, pp. 78–79.
65. ↑ Peters 2008, pp. 186–187.
66. ↑ "Fundamentalist Latter-Day Saints (1843-2002) – WRSP". https://wrldrels.org/2016/10/08/flds-2/.
67. ↑ Macaskill, Grace (27 January 2018). "Desperate parents forcing kids to drink bleach to cure autism in sick cult". https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/brit-kids-forced-drink-bleach-11924623.
68. ↑ Zapotosky, Matt (10 March 2016). "This church's cancer-curing elixir is really bleach, federal authorities say". https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/federal-authorities-this-churchs-cancer-curing-elixir-is-really-bleach/2016/03/09/17f9e7d2-e238-11e5-9c36-e1902f6b6571_story.html.
69. ↑ David Ono; Lisa Bartley (28 October 2016). "'Church of Bleach': ABC News confronts founder of Genesis II Church". ABC7. http://abc7.com/news/church-of-bleach-abc-news-confronts-founder-of-genesis-ii-church/1578279/.
70. ↑ "Husband Says Fringe Church's 'Miracle Cure' Killed His Wife". 29 October 2016. https://abcnews.go.com/US/husband-fringe-churchs-miracle-cure-killed-wife/story?id=43081647.
71. ↑ "New Zealand Cults, Sects, Religions, Christian Organisations, and other groups". https://www.cults.co.nz/gwp/.
72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 72.4 72.5 72.6 Champagne 2005.
73. ↑ Global Leadership Council
74. ↑ Philippine Daily Inquirer 2008.
75. ↑ Adler 2006.
76. ↑ Baffelli, Erica (2012). "Hikari no Wa: A New Religion Recovering from Disaster". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 39.
77. ↑ Nishani Frazier. "The "Other" Jim Jones: Rabbi David Hill, House of Israel, and Black American Religion in the Age of Peoples Temple". https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=34259.
78. ↑ Brad Hunter (February 6, 2021). "CRIME HUNTER: Mexican ritual killers worshipped 'saint'". Toronto Sun. https://torontosun.com/news/crime/crime-hunter-mexican-ritual-killers-worshipped-saint.
79. ↑ Muilu, Jaakko (October 28, 2023). "Sata ihmistä muutti Lappiin ekokulttiin, jossa lapsilla oli 13 äitiä ja 13 isää - näin utopia paratiisista muuttui painajaiseksi" (in fi). Helsingin Sanomat. https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000009824405.html.
80. ↑ "'The Mystic' Is Coming to London". 30 January 2013. https://www.vice.com/en/article/sadhguru-isha-cult-london/.
81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 Aitamurto, Kaarina, ed (2013). Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Durham: Acumen. ISBN 978-1-84465-662-2.
82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Chryssides1999`
83. ↑ Gallagher 2006, p. 86.
84. ↑ Krogh 2004, p. 167.
85. ↑ "Jiddu Krishnamurti". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jiddu-Krishnamurti. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
86. ↑ Tucker 2004, pp. 360–362.
87. ↑ "Watch Our New Documentary About 'Love Has Won', a Group Former Members Call a Cult" (in en). 23 March 2021. https://www.vice.com/en/article/love-has-won-vice-documentary/.
88. ↑ "What we know about the Love Has Won 'cult' whose leader was found mummified in Colorado" (in en). 2021-05-04. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/colorado-corpse-love-has-won-b1842127.html.
89. ↑ Hinfelaar, Hugo. "WOMEN'S REVOLT: THE LUMPA CHURCH OF LENSHINA MULENGA IN THE 1950S." Journal of Religion in Africa, v. 21 issue 2, 1991, pp. 99–129.
90. ↑ Bugliosi, Vincent with Gentry, Curt. Helter Skelter — The True Story of the Manson Murders 25th Anniversary Edition, W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. ISBN 0-393-08700-X, OCLC 15164618.
91. ↑ Olav Hammer: Danish Esotericism in the 20th Century. The Case of Martinus. Amsterdam University Press 2009.
92. ↑ Western Esotericism in Scandinavia. Edited by Henrik Bogdan and Olav Hammer.
93. ↑ Byskov, Else: Death is an illusion. Paragon House 2002.
94. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Beckford2003`
95. ↑ https://pdfhost.io/v/51FVy2Zyz_mespilism_ebook Mespilism: The Way Of The Medlar
96. ↑ Machiko, Aoyagi (2002). Modekngei: A New Religion in Belau. Tokio: Shinsensha Press. ISBN 4-7877-0207-6.
97. ↑ Marhic 1996, pp. 25–29.
98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.5 Walliss, John (2005). Apocalyptic Trajectories: Millenarianism And Violence In The Contemporary World. Bern: Peter Lang.
99. ↑ Humes, Edward (1991). Buried Secrets: A True Story of Serial Murder, Black Magic, and Drug-running on the U.S. Border. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-24946-X.
100. ↑ Enroth 2005, p. 169.
101. ↑ "The Society for the Greater Community Way of Knowledge". http://www.commfound.org/cultureofgiving/nonprofits/society-greater-community-way-knowledge.
102. ↑ Roberts, Michael (2011-02-04). "Marshall Vian Summers's latest message from God coming Sunday from Boulder". Westword. http://www.westword.com/news/marshall-vian-summerss-latest-message-from-god-coming-sunday-from-boulder-video-5821148.
103. ↑ Palmer, Susan. The Nuwaubian Nation: Black Spirituality and State Control (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010).
104. ↑ Bailey, Julius H. "The Final Frontier: Secrecy, Identity, and the Media in the Rise and Fall of the United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors". Journal of the American Academy of Religion 74, no. 2 (2006): 302–23.
105. ↑ "City and Suburban News: New York, Brooklyn, Long Island, Staten Island, New Jersey". The New York Times. 1883-11-26. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1883/11/26/106263804.pdf.
106. ↑ Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 257.
107. ↑ "Oneida Community – WRSP". https://wrldrels.org/2021/04/17/oneida-community/.
108. ↑ Thorsén, Elin (2013). "Oneness of Different Kinds: A Comparative Study of the Oneness Movement in India and Sweden.". GUPEA, University of Gothenburg. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/33618. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
109. ↑ Gold 2004, p. 46.
110. ↑ Buxant, Coralie; Vassilis Saroglou (April 2008). "Joining and leaving a new religious movement: A study of ex-members' mental health". Mental Health, Religion & Culture 11 (3–271): 251–271. doi:10.1080/13674670701247528.
111. ↑ Walsh 2004, pp. 174, 180–182.
112. ↑ Arweck, Elisabeth (13 January 2006). Researching new religious movements: responses and redefinitions (1st ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27754-9.
113. ↑ Hayes 2006, pp. 16, 18–19
114. ↑ Velzer, Ryan Van. "Immortality eludes People Unlimited founder" (in en-US). https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale/2014/11/16/people-unlimited-scottsdale-charles-paul-brown-immortality/19152253/.
115. ↑ Reiterman 1982, pp. 49–52
116. ↑ Mayer 2004, pp. 123–143.
117. ↑ Introvigne, Massimo (2016). Satanism: A Social History. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-28828-7.
118. ↑ Hess, Rick (1990). A full quiver: family planning and the lordship of Christ. Jan Hess. Brentwood, Tenn.: Wolgemuth & Hyatt. ISBN 0-943497-83-3. OCLC 21043920.
119. ↑ Woodhead, Linda, ed (2002). Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-21784-2. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1134602731. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
120. ↑ Singer 1995, pp. 45, 120.
121. ↑ York 2004, p. 105.
122. ↑ Dawson 2006, p. 3.
123. ↑ Partridge 2004, pp. 62–64.
124. ↑ Tamura 2001, pp. 203–204.
125. ↑ INFORM 2001.
126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 Popov, Igor (2017) (in id). Buku rujukan semua aliran dan perkumpulan agama di Indonesia. Singaraja: Toko Buku Indra Jaya. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1051559. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
127. ↑ Benda, Harry J.; Castles, Lance (1969). "The Samin Movement". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 125 (2–240): 207–240. doi:10.1163/22134379-90002844. ISSN 2213-4379.
128. ↑ Chesnut, R. Andrew (2018). Devoted to Death: Santa Muerte, the Skeleton Saint (Second ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 33. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199764662.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-063332-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=ul0vDwAAQBAJ.
129. ↑ "Mexico's Top Two Santa Muerte Leaders Finally Meet" (in en). 2015-10-06. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mexicos-top-two-santa-mue_b_8253318.
130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 Gooren 2015, "Neo-Shamanism".
131. ↑ Oppenheimer, Mark (2015-07-10). "A Mischievous Thorn in the Side of Conservative Christianity". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/11/us/a-mischievious-thorn-in-the-side-of-conservative-christianity.html.
132. ↑ The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements, Volume 2; James R. Lewis, Inga B. Tollefsen; Oxford University Press, 2016; pgs. 441-453
133. ↑ "Why the Satanic Temple Is Opening Its Doors to American Muslims". 2015-11-21. http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/news/a39904/satanic-temple-founder-interview-muslims/. "co-founded the Temple in 2012 ... The Satanic Temple is an openly atheistic religion that Mesner says does not advocate for any supernatural belief. Really, the "Satanic" term is only there because they have the right to use it, as does any other religion."
134. ↑ "The Satanic Temple to open international headquarters in Salem". 2016-09-16. http://www.fox25boston.com/news/the-satanic-temple-to-open-international-headquarters-in-salem/446710701.
135. ↑ "Bashir: Satanists hail Florida Gov. Rick Scott". 2013-01-14. http://www.msnbc.com/martin-bashir/watch/bashir-satanists-hail-florida-gov-rick-scott-14650947887.
136. ↑ Lewis 2003, p. 42.
137. ↑ Reece 2007, pp. 182–186.
138. ↑ Partridge 2003, pp. 188, 263–265.
139. ↑ Beźnic Sz., Zbór Leczenia Duchem Świętym "Niebo", in: E.Barker, Nowe ruchy religijne, Nomos, Kraków 1997, p. 299–301.
140. ↑ 140.0 140.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Clarke2000`
141. ↑ Raphael 1998, pp. 198–215.
142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 Ownby, David (2015). "Redemptive Societies in Twentieth Century China". in Goosaert, Vincent; Kiely, Jan; Lagerway, John. Modern Chinese Religion, 1850–1950. Leiden: Brill Publishers.
143. ↑ Rashid, Raphael (March 9, 2020). "Being Called a Cult Is One Thing, Being Blamed for an Epidemic Is Quite Another". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/opinion/coronavirus-south-korea-church.html.
144. ↑ Mayer 1993, p. 213.
145. ↑ 145.0 145.1 Aitamurto, Kaarina (2016). Paganism, Traditionalism, Nationalism: Narratives of Russian Rodnoverie. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-6027-1.
146. ↑ Wilson 1999, p. 10.
147. ↑ Carroll, Bret E. (1997). Spiritualism in Antebellum America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33315-5.
148. ↑ Piesing, Mark (2014-10-07). "Is the internet God? Alexander Bard's Syntheism paves the way for a new elite". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/07/god-internet-alexander-bard-syntheism-new-elite. "Bard helped to found Syntheism in 2012. It is based on the idea that if man creates God, then it's about time we created a religion relevant to the 21st century."
149. ↑ Asprem, Egil (2012). Arguing with Angels: Enochian Magic and Modern Occulture. Albany. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-4190-0.
150. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Brill-2015`
151. ↑ Roy, Jessica (April 17, 2014). "The Rapture of the Nerds". Time Inc. Network. https://time.com/66536/terasem-trascendence-religion-technology/.
152. ↑ 152.0 152.1 152.2 Ryan, Charles J. (1975). H.P. Blavatsky and the Theosophical Movement. San Diego, CA: Point Loma Publications. ISBN 0-913004-25-1.
153. ↑ Lyon 2000, p. 106.
154. ↑ Irons 2008, p. 206.
155. ↑ "Montreal Religious Sites Project". http://mrsp.mcgill.ca/reports/html/ChanHai/.
156. ↑ George D. Chryssides (2012). Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 348. ISBN 978-0-8108-6194-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=WA12nHRtmAwC&pg=PA348.
157. ↑ Johnson, Benton in Klass and Weisgrau 1999, p. 377.
158. ↑ Smith and Prokopy 2003, p. 279–280.
159. ↑ (Fraternite Blanche Universelle) Mayer 1993, p. 370.
160. ↑ Dawson 2007, pp. 48–49.
161. ↑ UK Government (24 August 2011). "The Way of the Livingness, The Religion of the Soul Trust: Charity Commission decision". UK Gov. Charity Commission. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-way-of-the-livingness-the-religion-of-the-soul-trust/the-way-of-the-livingness-the-religion-of-the-soul-trust-charity-commission-decision.
162. ↑ Turner, Liana (February 22, 2019). "UM hits back at media". Northern Star (NSW). https://northernstar.com.au/news/how-um-hits-back-back-at-tabloid-tv-scrutiny/3654423/.
163. ↑ Leser, David (2012-08-25). "The Da Vinci Mode". The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia). http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/the-da-vinci-mode-20120824-24h50.html.
164. ↑ Gardell 2004, pp. 205–206 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGardell2004 (help)
165. ↑ "Two sons of Rev. Moon have split from his church — and their followers are armed". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/style/wp/2018/05/21/feature/two-sons-of-rev-moon-have-split-from-his-church-and-their-followers-are-armed/.
166. ↑ "The cultlike church behind a ceremony with AR-15s and bullet crowns, explained". March 2018. https://www.vox.com/2018/3/1/17067894/church-bullet-crowns-ar15-world-peace-unification-sanctuary-moonies-moon.

## External links

* Diskus The on-disk journal of international Religious Studies
* Hartford Institute of Religious Research: New religious movements
* Introvigne, Massimo (June 15, 2001). "The Future of Religion and the Future of New Religions". http://www.cesnur.org/2001/mi_june03.htm.
* Online texts about NRMs
* SSSR Resolution on New Religious Groups
* Hadden, Jeffrey K. and Douglas Cowan The New Religious Movements Homepage @The University of Virginia
* Religious Movements in the United States: An Informal Introduction

* v
* t
* e

New religious movements

Major groups|

* Adi Dharm/Brahmoism
* Ahmadiyya
* Ananda Marga
* Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis
* Anthroposophy
* Antoinism
* Armstrongism
* Azali
* Bábism
* Bahá'í Faith
* Brahma Kumaris
* Branch Davidians
* Christadelphians
* Christian Science
* Church of Divine Science
* Church of Satan]] (LaVeyan Satanism)
* Church of Scientology
* Church of the Guanche People
* Church of the SubGenius
* Creativity
* Discordianism
* Falun Gong
* Family International
* Friends of Man
* Fourth Way
* Fung Loy Kok
* Goddess
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* ISKCON
* Invitation to Life
* Japanese
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Latter Day Saints
* Maha Bodhi Society
* Nation of Islam
* New Acropolis
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* The New Church
* Noahidism
* Oomoto
* Peoples Temple
* Pilgrims of Arès
* The Process Church
* Raëlism
* Rajneesh
* Ramakrishna Mission
* Rastafari
* Religious Science
* Sahaja Yoga
* Sathya Sai Baba
* Seventh-day Adventist Church
* Shakers
* Shambhala Buddhism
* Shri Ram Chandra Mission
* Soka Gakkai
* Sukyo Mahikari
* Temple of Set
* Tenrikyo
* Thelema
* Theosophy (Theosophical Society)
* Transcendental Meditation
* True Buddha School
* Twelve Tribes
* UFO religion
* Unification
* Unitarian Universalist Association
* Unity Church
* Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
* Universal White Brotherhood
* The Way International
* Wicca
* Word of Faith
* World Mission Society Church of God

Notable figures|

* Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
* Herbert W. Armstrong
* Shoko Asahara
* Sri Aurobindo
* Subh-i-Azal
* Báb
* Sathya Sai Baba
* Bahá'u'lláh
* Alice Bailey
* David Berg
* Helena Blavatsky
* Sri Chinmoy
* Aleister Crowley
* Mary Baker Eddy
* Charles Fillmore
* Hak Ja Han
* L. Ron Hubbard
* Li Hongzhi
* Anton LaVey
* Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi
* Lu Sheng-yen
* Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
* Meher Baba
* Sun Myung Moon
* Elijah Muhammad
* Nakayama Miki
* A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
* Phineas Quimby
* Rajneesh
* Ramakrishna
* Prem Rawat
* Helena Roerich
* Charles Taze Russell
* Joseph Franklin Rutherford
* Ahn Sahng-hong
* Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar
* Joseph Smith
* Nirmala Srivastava
* Emanuel Swedenborg
* Rudolf Steiner
* Joseph W. Tkach
* Chögyam Trungpa
* Ellen G. White

Concepts|

* African-initiated church
* Afrocentrism
* Buddhist modernism
* Charismatic Movement
* Christian denomination
* Classifications of religious movements
* Conspiracy theories
* Cult
* Cybersectarianism
* Doomsday cult
* Goddess movement
* Heresy
* Hindu reform movements
* In-group favoritism
* Japanese new religions
* Modern Paganism
* Neoshamanism
* New Age
* New Thought
* Open-source religion
* Pacific Northwest
* Personal development
* Prosperity theology
* Religious conversion
* Satanism
* Schism
* Sect
* Self religion
* Spiritual evolution
* Syncretism
* UFO religion
* Vipassana movement

Public education|

* CESNUR
* INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements)

Scholarship|

* Academic study of new religious movements
* Journal of Contemporary Religion
* Nova Religio
* Sociology of religion
* When Prophecy Fails

Opposition|

* Anti-cult movement
* Anti-Mormonism
* Christian countercult movement
* Persecution of Ahmadis
* Persecution of Bahá'ís
* Persecution of Falun Gong
* Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses

Lists|

* In popular culture
* New religious movements
* Academic study

* v
* t
* e

Religion

Major religious groups and denominations1

| Abrahamic|

| Judaism|

* Orthodox
* Haredi
* Hasidic
* Modern
* Conservative
* Reform
* Karaite
* Samaritanism
* Haymanot
* Reconstructionist
* Renewal
* Humanistic

|

Christianity|

* Catholicism
* Latin
* Eastern
* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Oriental Orthodoxy
* Nestorianism
* Assyrian
* Ancient
* Proto-Protestantism
* Waldensians
* Czech Brethren/Moravians
* Protestantism
* Lutheranism
* Calvinism
* Reformed
* Presbyterianism
* Congregationalism
* Anabaptism
* Amish
* Brethren
* Hutterites
* Mennonites
* Schwenkfelders
* Anglicanism
* Methodism
* Holiness
* Baptists
* Quakerism
* Plymouth Brethren
* Restorationism
* Irvingism
* Adventism
* Pentecostalism/Charismatic
* Independent Catholicism
* Nontrinitarianism
* Unitarianism
* Swedenborgianism
* Mormonism
* Christadelphians
* Bible Students/Jehovah's Witnesses
* Anglo-Israelism
* Oneness Pentecostalism
* Spiritual
* Tolstoyan
* Judaizers
* Nondenominational
* Evangelicalism
* Esoteric

Islam|

* Sunni
* Ashʿari
* Maturidi
* Traditionalist theology
* Salafism
* Wahhabism
* Modernist Salafism
* Shia
* Twelver
* Zaidiyyah
* Isma'ilism
* Alawis
* Sufism
* Khawarij
* Ibadi
* Alevism
* Ahmadi
* Mahdavia
* Quranism
* Non-denominational

Others|

* Bábism
* Azali
* Bahá'í
* Druze
* Ali-Illahism
* Yarsanism
* Mandaeism
* Rastafarianism

Dharmic|

| Hinduism|

* Vaishnavism
* Sri Vaishnavism
* Brahma Sampradaya
* Nimbarka Sampradaya
* Pushtimarg
* Mahanubhava
* Ramanandi
* Varkari
* Shaivism
* Siddhantism
* Kashmir
* Kapalika
* Kaumaram
* Lingayatism
* Nath
* Balinese
* Shaktism
* Smartism
* Śrauta
* Sant Mat
* Ayyavazhi
* Neo-Hinduism

|

Buddhism|

* Theravada
* Mahayana
* Chan/Zen
* Amidism
* Nichiren
* Vajrayana
* Tibetan
* Neo-Buddhism

Others|

* Jainism
* Digambara
* Śvētāmbara
* Sikhism

Mazdan|

* Zoroastrianism

Indo-European|

* Armenian
* Baltic
* Celtic
* Druidry
* Germanic
* Hellenism
* Italo-Roman
* Romanian
* Slavic
* Yazidis
* Ossetian
* Kalash

Uralic|

* Estonian
* Finnish
* Hungarian
* Mari
* Mordvin
* Sámi
* Udmurt

Altaic|

* Turko-Mongolic
* Tengrism
* Burkhanism
* Vattisen Yaly
* Tungusic
* Manchu
* Evenki

Chinese|

* Confucianism
* Taoism
* Folk Taoism
* Yao Taoism
* Nuo
* Salvationist
* Xiantiandao
* Yiguandao
* Luoism

Tibeto-
Burmese|

* Bon
* Burmese
* Benzhuism
* Bimoism
* Bathouism
* Bongthingism
* Donyi-Polo
* Heraka
* Kiratism
* Qiang
* Sanamahism

Korean|

* Sindoism
* Cheondoism
* Jeungsanism

Japanese|

* Shinto
* Tenrikyo
* Ryukyuan

Tai and Miao|

* Ahom
* Hmongism
* Mo
* Satsana Phi

Austroasiatic|

* Vietnamese
* Caodaism
* Đạo Mẫu
* Hoahaoism
* Sarnaism

Austronesian|

* Batak Parmalim
* Dayak
* Kaharingan
* Momolianism
* Javanese Kejawèn
* Karo Pemena
* Malaysian
* Philippine Dayawism
* Tagalog
* Polynesian
* Hawaiian
* Māori
* Sumbese Marapu
* Sundanese Wiwitan

African|

| Traditional|

* Akan
* Akamba
* Baluba
* Bantu
* Kongo
* Zulu
* Berber
* Guanche church
* Bushongo
* Dinka
* Efik
* Fon and Ewe
* Igbo
* Ik
* Lotuko
* Lozi
* Lugbara
* Maasai
* Mbuti
* San
* Serer
* Tumbuka
* Urhobo
* Waaq
* Yoruba
* Ifá

|

Diasporic|

* Candomblé
* Bantu
* Jejé
* Ketu
* Comfa
* Convince
* Espiritismo
* Kumina
* Obeah
* Palo
* Quimbanda
* Santería
* Tambor de Mina
* Trinidad Orisha
* Umbanda
* Vodou
* Voodoo
* Winti

Native
American|

* Abenaki
* Anishinaabe
* Blackfoot
* Californian
* Miwok
* Ohlone
* Pomo
* Cherokee
* Chilote
* Choctaw
* Creek
* Guarani
* Haida
* Ho-Chunk
* Hopi
* Iroquois
* Seneca
* Wyandot
* Longhouse Religion
* Jivaroan
* Kwakwakaʼwakw
* Lakota
* Lenape
* Mapuche
* Mesoamerican
* Aztec
* Maya
* Purépecha
* Midewiwin
* Muisca
* Native American Church
* Navajo
* Nuu-chah-nulth
* Pawnee
* Tsimshian
* Ute
* Zuni

Other ethnic|

* Aboriginal Australian
* Circassian
* Dravidian
* Inuit
* Papuan
* Siberian

Recent|

* Adi Dharm/Brahmoism
* Anthroposophy
* Discordianism
* Eckankar
* Falun Gong
* Fourth Way
* Goddess
* Japanese
* Jediism
* Modekngei
* Neopaganism
* Reconstructionism
* Wicca
* Neoshamanism
* New Acropolis
* New Age
* New Thought
* Rajneesh
* Satanism
* Spiritualism
* Subud
* Tensegrity
* Thelema
* Theosophy
* Neo-Theosophy
* Agni Yoga
* Transcendental Meditation
* UFO religion
* Raëlism
* Scientology
* Unitarian Universalism
* White Brotherhood

Note: 1 The main source: Eliade, Mircea, ed (1987). The Encyclopedia of Religion. New York: MacMillan.

Historical religions

* Prehistoric
* Paleolithic
* Harappan
* Egyptian
* Atenism
* Mesopotamian
* Sumerian
* Babylonian
* Semitic
* Canaanite
* Yahwism
* Arabian
* Somali
* Hurrian
* Urartu
* Etruscan
* Basque
* Georgian
* Vainakh
* Proto-Indo-European
* Proto-Indo-Iranian
* Vedic
* Mazdaism
* Hittite
* Armenian
* Paleo-Balkan
* Albanian
* Illyrian
* Thracian
* Dacian
* Greek
* Mysteries
* Orphism
* Gnosticism
* Hermeticism
* Greco-Buddhism
* Roman
* Imperial cult
* Gallo-Roman
* Mithraism
* Manichaeism
* Mazdakism
* Scythian
* Germanic
* Anglo-Saxon
* Continental
* Frankish
* Norse
* Celtic
* Baltic
* Slavic
* Finnish
* Hungarian
* Ainu
* Melanesian
* Micronesian
* Nauruan
* Cook Islands
* Rapa Nui
* Tongan
* Inca
* Olmec
* Zapotec
* Fuegian
* Selk'nam
* Guanche
* Swahili
* Jamaican Maroon

Topics

| Aspects|

* Apostasy / Disaffiliation
* Behaviour
* Beliefs
* Clergy
* Conversion
* Deities
* Entheogens
* Ethnic religion
* Denomination
* Faith
* Fire
* Folk religion
* God
* Meditation
* Monasticism
* monk
* nun
* Mysticism
* Mythology
* Nature
* Ordination
* Orthodoxy
* Orthopraxy
* Prayer
* Prophecy
* Religious experience
* Ritual
* liturgy
* sacrifice
* Spirituality
* Supernatural
* Symbols
* Truth
* Water
* Worship

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Theism|

* Animism
* Deism
* Dualism
* Henotheism
* Monotheism
* Nontheism
* Panentheism
* Pantheism
* Polytheism
* Transtheism

Religious
studies|

* Anthropology
* Cognitive science
* Comparative
* Development
* Evolutionary origin
* Evolutionary psychology
* History
* Philosophy
* Neurotheology
* Psychology
* Sociology
* Theology
* Theories
* Women

Religion and
society

* Agriculture
* Business
* Clergy
* monasticism
* ordination
* Conversion
* evangelism
* missionary
* proselytism
* Disability
* Education
* Fanaticism
* Freedom
* pluralism
* syncretism
* toleration
* universalism
* Fundamentalism
* Growth
* Happiness
* Homosexuality
* Minorities
* National church
* National religiosity levels
* Religiocentrism
* Political science
* Populations
* Schism
* Science
* State
* Theocracy
* Vegetarianism
* Video games
* Violence
* persecution
* terrorism
* war
* Wealth

Secularism and
irreligion

* Antireligion
* Deism
* Agnosticism
* Atheism
* Criticism
* LaVeyan Satanism
* Deconstruction
* Humanistic Judaism
* Irreligion by country
* Objectivism
* Secular humanism
* Secular theology
* Secularization
* Separation of church and state
* Unaffiliated

Overviews
and lists

* Index
* Outline
* Timeline
* Abrahamic prophets
* Deification
* Deities
* Founders
* Mass gatherings
* New religious movements
* Organizations
* Religions and spiritual traditions
* Scholars

* Category
* Portal

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of new religious movements. Read more

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