Herbal supplement

St. John's wort

Against allopathy
Alternative medicine

Clinically unproven

* Ramanand Jhingade
* Asbestos
* New Eden School of Natural Health
* Pyradyne
* Conversion therapy
* Julian Whitaker

Woo-meisters

* Collective Evolution
* Holland & Barrett
* Fenestra Research
* Dena Churchill
* Laura Ingraham
* Republican Party

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“”Herbal medicine: giving patients an unknown dose of an ill-defined drug, of unknown effectiveness and unknown safety.

—David Colquhon[1]

Herbal supplements are non-pharmaceutical,[2] non-food substances marketed to improve health. Herbalism (herbal medicine, botanical medicine) is the use of plant-derived substances, and sometimes other environmental substances, to treat or cure medical conditions. The idea is that pre-industrial cultures had a great deal of practical medical knowledge, most of it botanical, and herbalism seeks to make use of this.

The many studies on herbal medications often lack good documentation and/or quality, and suffer from not having analyzed the substance studied.[3][4] Because of the lack of quality control and regulation, it is difficult to assess what the effect of many herbs is, or even what people may be taking, given the label often fails to match the content.

There are no unified practices, no enforceable standards for strength or purity, and relatively few guidelines for practitioners.[5] Also, there is no clear definition of what a "herbal remedy" is. A large number of currently available drugs are originally plant-derived, which means herbalism is basically pharmacology's petulant, stubborn great grandmother, i.e., a protoscience.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Safety and potential for harm
* 2.1 Hepatotoxicity
* 3 Government regulation
* 3.1 Canada
* 3.2 United States
* 3.3 Germany
* 4 Some typical woo
* 5 Summary
* 6 See also
* 7 External links
* 8 Notes
* 9 References

## History[edit]

“”I'm sorry, 'herbal medicine'. People say, 'Oh, herbal medicine's been around for thousands of years!' Indeed it has, but then we tested it all and the stuff that actually worked became 'medicine'. The rest of it is just a nice bowl of soup and some potpourri, so knock yourself out.

—Dara Ó Briain[6]

Humans have used botanicals for medicinal purposes as far back as archaeological evidence exists. About 30% of all FDA-approved drugs are derived from botanical sources.[7] Examples include aspirin (from willow bark) and digoxin (from the foxglove plant, Digitalis spp.). Molecular biology has allowed for more directed drug development. For instance, the active ingredient in a plant extract can be identified, isolated, and replicated (this is desirable because plants can have extremely variable amounts of the substance in question;[8] for instance, willow bark can contain from 0.08% to 12.6% of its active ingredient salicin.[9]) The molecule can also be modified to add desired effects or eliminate undesired effects. Sometimes molecules are altered in order to develop a drug just different enough from the old medication to allow a new patent to be issued. "Reverse" development is also done, where a receptor in the body is identified, and computers assist in identifying molecules to fit these receptors. In sum, many modern medicines started as plant extracts and were refined to improve the medicinal characteristics, including reducing toxicity.

Currently, approximately 12 to 25% of Americans use a herbal remedy yearly.[10] Despite their popularity, these substances, advertised as medically active, are regulated as dietary supplements, rather than as medicines, by the FDA. This means that there is very little regulation of the manufacturing or content of these substances.[11]

American consumers, however, typically perceive herbals as "safer",[note 1] "more natural", and "more holistic"[note 2] than conventional medications. Many are also suspicious of the profit motive of the pharmaceutical industry; of course, herbal medications represent an enormous financial interest as well. Echinacea alone has annual sales of about $300 million in the U.S.[12]

## Safety and potential for harm[edit]

Ton Shen Health's "DHZC-2" was recalled in 2016 due to potential lead contamination[13]

“”This physic but prolongs thy sickly days.

—Shakespeare's Hamlet

Much of the time, herbal remedies are used without consulting a physician about the condition in question. This may lead to delay or failure in diagnosing important medical conditions. For example, a man who takes saw palmetto for his urinary problems may have all the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer, but if he feels better after taking the saw palmetto, he may not be diagnosed until it is too advanced for treatment. Herbs can also interfere with conventional medications.

As herbs have become more popular, and as more have become available with globalization, more toxic effects are being seen. Herbal preparations may or may not resemble the traditional cure from which they were derived, and are often used in a different context. For instance, small amounts of ma huang (Ephedra sinica) may exist in certain Chinese medicines for treating common colds and influenza, but it was used in much higher concentrations in Western weight-loss drugs. Many common herbs can be quite toxic, and may exist in supplements without clear labeling. For example, ma huang can cause serious cardiac disturbances, ginseng (Panax ginseng) can aggravate high blood pressure, and kava (Piper methysticum) can injure the liver.[14][15][16][17] New reports come out regularly about liver failure caused by herbal remedies. (See this list of medicinal herbs, quite a few of which can cause liver damage.) Herbal remedies from outside the U.S. are sometimes contaminated with lead and other heavy metals.[18][19] Some herbal medicines are carcinogenic to humans (e.g., birthwort and betelnut) or in animal studies (e.g., comfrey[20] and ginkgo[21]).

Herbalist picking arnica montana (wolf's bane). Wolf's bane is toxic, and the US Food and Drug Administration classifies it as unsafe.[22]

A 2018 analysis of recent FDA data found that nearly 800 dietary supplements were tainted with potentially dangerous pharmaceuticals, but that only half of these supplements were recalled by the manufacturers.[23][24] The supplements were marketed primarily for sexual enhancement, weight loss or muscle building, and included drugs such as steroids and sildenafil (Viagra™).[23] More than 85,000 supplements are marketed in the US, but FDA has been chronically underfunded by Congress and is unable to test all of them.[23][25]

Many herbal medicines can interfere with conventional medications. For example, St. John's Wort is a potent inducer of the cytochrome P450 System. This can increase the rate at which the liver metabolizes drugs, leading to a dangerously low level of the drug in the body.[26]

Why do people start using herbal supplements and other forms of "alternative" medicine? It probably has to do with the dangers of prescription medication: According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one person dies from a drug overdose every 19 minutes. About 28,754 Americans died after accidentally overdosing on legal or illegal drugs in 2009, according to the CDC; about half of those deaths involved prescription painkillers. Those numbers are significant enough to make prescription drugs one of the leading causes of accidental death in this country. It's a statistic that has led some experts to call prescription drug abuse an epidemic.[27] However, just because there is a reasonable justification for wanting "alternative" medicine does not mean that it will work, or that you should try to sell it to anyone if it does not work.

American ginseng, which can give you wicked diarrhea— or worse.[28]

It is interesting to note that organisations selling herbal remedies will almost always make a statement along the lines of "natural is safe." This statement takes many different forms, but is usually directed as a slur to the pharmaceutical industry claiming that OTC and prescription drugs are secretly harmful but because their products are naturally derived, no ill effects can be possible. Basic knowledge of toxicology will quickly refute this generalised claim, as almost all of the most toxic substances on earth are natural in derivation.[note 3]

The main problem is that, even when the stuff does in fact work, doses, purity and so on are greatly inconsistent and there is very little regulation. For instance, in one study, researchers analyzed 44 herbal medicine products from 12 companies and found that of these, 59% contained herbs that were not on the label, 32% did not contain the herb that was on the label, and 21% contained fillers such as wheat, soybean, alfalfa, and rice.[29] Several products were contaminated with feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), which can cause "swelling and numbness of the mouth, oral ulcers, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and flatulence". One of the products was labeled as containing St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), but did not have any; instead, it contained senna (Senna spp.), a laxative that can cause "chronic diarrhea, cathartic colon, liver damage, abdominal pain, epidermal breakdown and blistering".[29] A New York State Attorney General investigation found that 78% of the herbal supplement products it tested did not contain the substance listed on the label, and similarly found significant contamination with other, unlabeled ingredients.[30]

Many spices used in cooking are also used in herbal medicine. When used as food, spices are generally safe[31] and possibly beneficial. A 1999 study of worldwide regional cookbooks found that there was a correlation between spice use, bacterial inhibition from spices used, and mean annual temperature, indicating that people have probably been adjusting spice levels in foods to counteract bacterial infections from foods.[32]

Even when an herb is relatively safe, relying upon it for a serious medical condition without consulting a medical doctor for standard medical care can result in death. For example, David and Collet Stephan were convicted in 2016 of killing their son who was suffering from spinal meningitis. The couple ignored medical advice and treated their son solely with echinacea from a naturopathic clinic.[33]

### Hepatotoxicity[edit]

OxyELITE PRO: maybe not so elite

Herbal supplements can be toxic to the liver (hepatotoxicity) for three reasons:[34]

1. Inherent hepatotoxicity (e.g. comfrey, which naturally contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids or PAs)
2. Contamination with unlabelled hepatotoxic herbs (crotalaria, heliotropium and senecio, which also contain PAs but are not generally used in supplements)
3. Pharmaceuticals (e.g. designer steroids) or other chemicals (natural or synthetic) that have been added intentionally or accidentally.

As of 2016, the FDA has taken action against three herbal supplement products for hepatotoxicity: Lipokinetix, OxyELITE Pro, and Hydroxycut.[34] This is in addition to actions against other supplements that were adulterated with designer steroids.[34] In the case of Lipokinetix, the hepatotoxicity was believed to be usnic acid, which is found in the Usnea genus of lichens.[34] In the case of OxyELITE Pro, possibly due to the ingredient aegeline,[34] a chemical extracted from the fruit of the Aegle marmelos tree.[35] In the case of Hydroxycut, it is suspected that green tea extract caused the hepatotoxicity.[34][36] In some cases, consumers of these products required a liver transplant.[34]

## Government regulation[edit]

Variant of the genus aristolochia, a family of "medicinal" plants that can kill your ass.

### Canada[edit]

In Canada every natural product must apply for a natural product number (NPN) and is governed under the Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (originally called Natural Health Product Regulations) since 2004.[37][38] The intent of the regulations was to "ensure a balance between Canadians' freedom of choice with respect to natural health products and the assurance of consumer safety."[39][40] The regulated products include: vitamins and minerals, herbal remedies, homeopathic medicines, traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines, probiotics, and other products like amino acids and essential fatty acids.[38] The regulations authorize: (1) a premarketing review and approval for safety, efficacy, claims, and product specification; (2) adherence to good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements for manufacturing, packaging, and labeling; (3) requirement for a site license where any regulated activity is conducted; (4) regulatory oversight for a clinical trial process; and (5) a postmarketing surveillance program for adverse reactions.[39][40]

### United States[edit]

During the late-1980s to early-1990s, the US Congress was considering several bills, including the Nutrition Advertising Coordination Act of 1991,[41] that would have increased the powers of the FDA over dietary supplements. In response to this, the nutritional supplement industry began lobbying Congress against additional regulation and started a public relations campaign to agitate the public to contact their representatives. One of the misleading television advertisements showed Mel Gibson's mansion being raided by an FDA SWAT team, followed by Gibson's arrest for taking vitamin C.[42]

In response to the lobbying and PR onslaught, Senator Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) and Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) cosponsored the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) in 1994. Why did these two seemingly disparate senators team up? Utah was a major producer of nutritional supplements, eventually reportedly becoming the number 1 industry in Utah by 2012,[43] while Harkin's interest would seem to be a more personal interest in woo.

The definition of a dietary supplement under DSHEA is "a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake, or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any of the aforementioned ingredients."[44] DSHEA has strict labeling requirements for manufacturers, making the manufacturers legally liable for mislabeling or adulteration.[44][45] However, DSHEA does not make requirements with regard to safety of those products marketed before 1994 (giving manufacturers the benefit of the doubt that such products were safe),[46] or with regard to efficacy. This is basically a legalistic appeal to ancient -- or not so ancient -- wisdom. With regard to efficacy, however, manufacturers are not allowed to make false claims or medical claims (e.g., "cures cancer"), which has given rise to the Quack Miranda Warning.[44] All claims must be based on "accepted scientific evidence".[44] The FDA does have the power to ban supplements if they are proven to be dangerous. The FDA banned ephedra and ephedrine-containing substances in 2004,[47] and banned Aristolochia and aristolochic acid-containing substances in 2011.[48] Both ephedra and Aristolochia were used as herbal supplements prior to 1994, so no evidence of safety was required to bring them to market.

### Germany[edit]

In Germany, the Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) (The Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices) is the counterpart to the US FDA, and it regulates Complementary and Alternative Medicines and Traditional Medicinal Products under the German Medicines Act.[49] "On the premise of pluralism in pharmacotherapy, the German Medicines Act explicitly postulates that the characteristics of the 'particular therapeutic systems' are to be respected."[49] In other words, by law, quackery is to be respected. By law, BfArM established three commissions to evaluate alternative therapies: Commission C for anthroposophic medicinal products, Commission D for homeopathic medicinal products and Commission E for herbal medicinal products.[49] Between 1984 and 1994, Commission E published 380 monographs evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbs for licensed medical prescribing in Germany.[50] These monographs have not been updated since publication. The monographs were translated into English by The American Botanical Council.[51][52] Substances in the monographs were divided into approved and unapproved.[52] In the English translation of the monographs, the work of Commission E was endorsed by Varro Eugene Tyler, professor of pharmacognosy at Purdue University. Becoming available around the time of DSHEA, the monographs were seen by some researchers in the US as a way to navigate the flood of post-DSHEA products on the market. However, the monographs were not without serious criticism -- even by an herbalist.[53] Besides the lack of updates, the monographs lack references, so it is difficult to ascertain the level of evidence used by the commissioners to decide safety and efficacy.

“”The failure to include verifiable scientific primary sources necessarily places the entire Commission E Monograph corpus irredeemably outside the most elementary accepted standards of academic requirements for rigorous scientific publications.

—Jonathan Treasure[53]

## Some typical woo[edit]

"Experienced wine drinkers can tell the difference in taste between an expensive and inexpensive wine, but chemical analysis would probably not indicate much of any difference. In the same way an herbal tincture that is well prepared from whole plants by a knowledgeable person provides a medicine that is not able to be chemically analyzed as different, but is far superior to anything standardized on the basis of an ingredient that may not even be active."[54]

That chuckling sound you hear distantly to the east is Hervé This[55] laughing his ass off at the above assertion.

## Summary[edit]

Many herbal remedies have significant medical effects. Labeling may not correctly describe the contents of the medication. The preparations available are not well-regulated or well-studied. As such, they are often wasteful, or even toxic. When there is a measurable effect, it is often more modest than the available conventional medicines.[56] Many companies are doing large scale testing of botanicals to look for biologically active substances. Older remedies, and new ones, as discovered, should be subject to the same scrutiny as any other medication. There is no reason to believe that herbal remedies have any "natural" advantage over conventional ones. Randomized controlled trials can distinguish good medicines from bad, independent of the source.

## See also[edit]

* List of medicinal plants
* Aristolochia
* Folk remedy
* Nutritional supplement
* Vitamin supplement

## External links[edit]

* Graphic of herbal supplements arranged by level of scientific support
* The only "herbal supplements" confirmed by the FDA not to be placebos

## Notes[edit]

1. ↑ Which they may be — in the sense that the placebo effect kills fewer Americans yearly than OxyContin™ does; though, primarily, because OxyContin™ actually has an active ingredient.
2. ↑ We're sorry to report that terms like 'holistic' lacks any consistent meaning.
3. ↑ Examples include botulinum toxin ("Botox"), Ricin, Strychnine, Atropine, Cyanide, and Amatoxins.

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Patients’ guide to Magic medicine
2. ↑ The term "supplement" allows them to avoid medical laws, while still allowing "health benefits" to be promoted. See Kabat, Geoffrey, "Natural Does Not Mean Safe": in Slate, 2012 Nov 26.
3. ↑ Gagnier, Joel J. DeMelo, Jaime. Boon, Heather. Rochon, Paula. Bombardier, Claire. Quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine interventions. American Journal of Medicine. 119(9):800.e1-11, 2006 Sep.
4. ↑ Wolsko, Peter M. Solondz, David K. Phillips, Russell S. Schachter, Steven C. Eisenberg, David M. Lack of herbal supplement characterization in published randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Medicine. 118(10):1087-93, 2005 Oct.
5. ↑ The United Kingdom has a National Institute of Medical Herbalists, who have a code of ethics
6. ↑ ratbaggery (26 July 2009) "Dara O'Briain with home truths about quackery". YouTube. Starts at the 2:55 mark.
7. ↑ Sardesai, Vishwanath M. Herbal medicines: poisons or potions?. Journal of Laboratory & Clinical Medicine. 139(6):343-8, 2002 Jun.
8. ↑ Variability in the composition of anti-oxidant compounds in Echinacea species by HPLC by Federica Pellati et al. Phytochemical Analysis 16(2):77-85 (March 2005). DOI: 10.1002/pca.815.
9. ↑ Willow bark, University of Maryland Medical Center.
10. ↑ Bent, Stephen. Ko, Richard. Commonly used herbal medicines in the United States: a review. American Journal of Medicine. 116(7):478-85, 2004 Apr 1.
11. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/features/risky-herbal-supplements
12. ↑ Bent, Stephen. Ko, Richard. Commonly used herbal medicines in the United States: a review. American Journal of Medicine. 116(7):478-85, 2004 Apr 1.
13. ↑ Ton Shen Health/Life Rising Expands Recalls of “DHZC-2 Tablet” to All Lots Purchased Before August 24 2016 Because of Possible Health Risk (August 30, 2016) U.S. Food & Drug Administration
14. ↑ Ephedra, WebMD.
15. ↑ Herbal Remedies: Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions, MELANIE JOHNS CUPP. Am Fam Physician. 1999 Mar 1;59(5)1239-1244.
16. ↑ Ginseng, WebMD.
17. ↑ Kava, WebMD.
18. ↑ Contaminated Herbal Medicine Products, Lead Poisoning Prevention Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, archived by the Wayback Machine.
19. ↑ Folk Medicine, Sources of Lead, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
20. ↑ Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey by Mei et al., J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2010 Oct;13(7-8):509-26. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2010.509013.
21. ↑ Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Ginkgo biloba Extract in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1/N Mice
22. ↑ See the Wikipedia article on Arnica montana.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Hundreds of dietary supplements are tainted with potentially harmful drugs: Fewer than half of these products were recalled by their makers by Aimee Cunningham (2:29pm, October 12, 2018) Science News.
24. ↑ Unapproved pharmaceutical ingredients included in dietary supplements associated with US Food and Drug Administration warnings by J. Tucker et al. (October 12, 2018) JAMA Network Open doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3337.
25. ↑ Report: FDA so underfunded, consumers are put at risk by Julie Schmit & USA Today (December 3, 2007) ABC News.
26. ↑ Wang Z, Gorski JC, Hamman MA, Huang SM, Lesko LJ, Hall SD. The effects of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2001 Oct;70(4):317-26.
27. ↑ Understanding the Epidemic: Drug overdose deaths in the United States continue to increase in 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
28. ↑ Side Effects of Ginseng Supplements. US Poison Control.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 DNA barcoding detects contamination and substitution in North American herbal products, Newmaster et al. BMC Medicine (2013) 11:222. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-222
30. ↑ Herbal Supplements Not as Advertised by Marlynn Wei (February 10, 2015) Psychology Today.
31. ↑ Chef dies after eating 'superhot' chilli for bet: An amateur chef died the day after eating a "superhot" chilli in a bet with his friend over who could make the hottest dish, an inquest heard. by Jessica Salter (6:57AM BST 29 Sep 2008) The Telegraph.
32. ↑ Darwinian Gastronomy: Why We Use Spices. Spices taste good because they are good for us. by Paul W. Sherman & Jennifer Billing (1999). BioScience 49(6): 453-463.
33. ↑ Judge sentences 'willfully blind' parents for son's meningitis death by Graham Slaughter (Published Friday, June 24, 2016 4:31AM EDT, Last Updated Saturday, June 25, 2016 10:29AM EDT) CTV News.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 Scientific and Regulatory Perspectives in Herbal and Dietary Supplement Associated Hepatotoxicity in the United States by Mark I. Avigan et al. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016 Mar; 17(3): 331. doi:10.3390/ijms17030331.
35. ↑ See the Wikipedia article on Aegeline and nonviral hepatitis.
36. ↑ Hepatotoxicity of green tea: an update by G. Mazzanti et al. (2015) Arch. Toxicol. 89(8):1175-91. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1521-x.
37. ↑ Canada Gazette Part II: Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Natural and Non-prescription Health Products
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States Chapter 9: Dietary Supplements. National Academies Press (US)(2005).
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Taller JB. Canada issues final Natural Health Products regulations. HerbalGram. 2003;60:62–65.
41. ↑ H.R.1662 -- Nutrition Advertising Coordination Act of 1991 (Introduced in House -- IH)
42. ↑ Mel Gibson: vitamin abuser
43. ↑ Dietary supplements become Utah’s #1 industry, topping $7.2 billion by Stephen Daniells (23-May-2012 Last updated on 23-May-2012 at 17:18 GMT) Nutra ingredients-USA (Archive.org, 2015)
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General. Dietary Supplement Labels: Key Elements by Janet Rehnquist (March 2003).
45. ↑ FDA: Dietary Supplements
46. ↑ FDA: New Dietary Ingredients in Dietary Supplements -- Background for Industry
47. ↑ FDA Issues Regulation Prohibiting Sale of Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedrine Alkaloids and Reiterates Its Advice That Consumers Stop Using These Products February 6, 2004 USFDA (archived from July 10, 2009).
48. ↑ Detention Without Physical Examination of Bulk/Finished Dietary Supplements Products Containing Aristolochic Acid Import Alert # 54-10 (Published Date: 10/12/2011).
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) and Traditional Medicinal Products (TMP)
50. ↑ Liste der Monographien der E-Kommission (Phyto-Therapie)
51. ↑ The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines by Mark Blumenthal et al. (1998). The American Botanical Council, 684 pp. ISBN 096555550X.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 The American Botanical Council: The Commission E Monographs
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Making Sense of Commission E by Jonathan Treasure (Archive.org from 2012).
54. ↑ Herbal Medicine by Colleen Huber & Stephen Helms. NatureWorksBest.com (archived from 3 Oct 2013 09:10:58 UTC).
55. ↑ Hervé This, author of Molecular Gastronomy (or its much better French title, Casseroles et Éprouvettes = "Saucepans and Test Tubes") is a French research chemist who is considered the founder of molecular gastronomy as a science. He should be on your cookbook shelf right next to Corriher, Brown, Wolke, and McGee.
56. ↑ Koretz, Ronald L. Is alternative medicine alternative science? Journal of Laboratory & Clinical Medicine. 139(6):329-33, 2002 Jun.

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Articles about alternative medicine methods

Alternative medicine: |  Magnetic therapy • Radionics • Ear candling • Qi • Hypnosis • Hair analysis • Magnetic field therapy • Dental woo • Trepanation • DMSO • Placebo effect • Traumeel • Muti • Yoga • Unani • Meridians • Homotoxicology • Iridology • Kinoki Foot Pads • Resveratrol • Emotional Freedom Technique • Curandero • Traditional Chinese medicine • Bach flower remedies • Vitalism • Biological medicine • Bismacine • Weapon salve • Cupping • Consegrity • Folk remedy • Enema • Tachyon energy • Calcium • Salt lamp • Science-Based Medicine • What's The Harm? • People Will Talk • Dianetics • Ear stapling • Hildegardian medicine • Panacea • Waste analysis • Psychic surgery • Vibroacoustic therapy • Heroic medicine • Sound healing • Crystal healing • Natural vision correction • Lie detection • LSD • MDMA • Qigong • Fire therapy • Sedona Method • Placentophagy • Ionised jewellery • Functional neurology • Vagina steaming • Feces therapy • PH woo • Wilk vs. AMA • Kumdang-2 • Buteyko method • Faith healing • Tobacco smoking • Dr. Bronner's Soap • Water Cure • Copromancy • Patent medicine • Narconon • Steeping • Singing bowl therapy • Immune system boosting • Jesus Shot • Kacper Postawski • Asbestos • NoFap • MetaMed • Squirrel diet • Heilpraktiker • ORMUS • Young Living • Sauna • WOMBAT • IRenew • Cure for Rabies • Dynamiclear • Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij • Biofeedback • Facilitated communication • Alternative medicine • Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica • Healing • Neurolink • Clickbait • Love Has Won • Rumpology • Mitochondria • Bates eye method • Pyradyne • Copper bracelet • Helminthic therapy • Homeophone • Iron • Stainless steel soap • Med beds • Shoo!Tag • Alternative medicine bingo • Conversion therapy • The BMJ • Whole-body cryotherapy • Natural Awakenings • Nudity • Steve Jobs • Hypnotic breast enlargement • Alternative Medicine Education • Q-Ray • Quack Miranda Warning • George J. Georgiou • Kabbalah water • Barefoot running • Live blood analysis • Synergydetox • Earthing • Daniel Amen • Vomit therapy • Paida lajin • Noel Edmonds • Raw water • Ear light therapy • Wiki4CAM: Myths about homeopathy • Ozone therapy • The Big Pitcher • National Council Against Health Fraud • William Nelson • Suzanne Somers • Henry Heimlich • Carnitine • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy • Psychomagic • Amber necklace • Ben Best • Weston Price • Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy • Bessel van der Kolk • Quack HIV/AIDS treatments •
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| Homeopathy: |  Water memory • Potentization • Biofield flower therapy • Isopathy • Unusual homeopathic remedies • Homeopathy • Proving (homeopathy) • Nosode • Oscillococcinum • Homeopathy in Healthcare: Effectiveness, Appropriateness, Safety, Costs • Vibrational medicine • Homeopathy and Its Kindred Delusions • Eclectic medicine • Homeopathy • Individualized Homeopathic Treatment and Fluoxetine for Moderate to Severe Depression • Cell salts • Evidence for the effectiveness of homeopathy • HeadOn • Sympathetic magic • Frozen • Nyloxin • Charles III • CEASE therapy •
| Manipulative therapy: |  Massage • Acupuncture • Reflexology • Rolfing • Craniosacral therapy • Osteopathy • Applied kinesiology • Acutonics • Dynastic gymnastics • Alphabiotics • Bloodletting • Dry needling • Chiropractic •
| Mental health woo: |  Chelation therapy • Indigo child • Autism omnibus trial • Lupron therapy • Oxytocin • Thiomersal • Attachment therapy • Dancing mania • Female hysteria • Mass hysteria • Lobotomy • Koro • Self-diagnosis • Pro-ana • Autism One • Aromatherapy • Anti-vaccination movement • Church of Scientology • Teal Swan • Neurocore • Matt Walsh • Andrew Tate • Drapetomania • Cassandra affective deprivation disorder • TVJ • Thought field therapy • Stefan Molyneux • Anti-psychiatry • Mental illness denial • Pseudopsychology • Anti-Oedipus • Robert F. Kennedy Jr. • Will •

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Articles about food woo

Food woo: |  Nutritionist • Kymatika test • Superfoods • Haggis • Green tea • Bovine growth hormone • Microwave oven • Cat food • Raspberry ketone • Juicing • Orthorexia • Fortune cookie • Cayenne pepper • Soylent • Kopi luwak • Pete Evans • Raw honey • Apitherapy • Germ theory denialism • Omega-3 • Burusho • Chris Beat Cancer • Turmeric • Salt • Tripe • Vegetarianism • Pork • Water woo • Chocolate • Magnetic water treatment • In vitro meat • Agaricus • Locavore • Cyclamate • Freedom fries • Fast food • RationalWiki diet • Spot reduction • Breastfeeding • Sugar • Bottled water • Forks Over Knives • Pseudovitamin • Coffee • Dietary cholesterol • Humans are herbivores • Hydrogen water • New Eden School of Natural Health • Irina Ermakova • Airborne • William Li • Center for Science in the Public Interest • Baby eating • Cannibalism • Super Size Me • Wine • Sandwich • Fish farming • The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine • Food irradiation • Heart Attack Grill • Probiotics • Udo Pollmer • Richard A. Passwater • Bacon • Food woo • Insect • Jilly Juice • Spam • Veganism • Obesity • Food and Drug Administration • Soy boy •
| Promoters: |  American Association of Nutritional Consultants • John Fagan • Food Babe • GreenMedInfo • Organic Consumers Association • Vandana Shiva • Anti-Gym • Bulletproof diet • Joel Fuhrman • Harmonized H2O • Errol Denton • Gerson Therapy • MonaVie • Purity Products • Robert Young • Matt Cahill • Life Extension Foundation • Rick Scott • David Wolfe • Whole Foods Market • PETA • THINCS • Abd ul-Rahman Lomax • Jeffrey Smith • Jim Bakker • Mehmet Oz • Essene Gospel of Peace • John Heinerman • Institute for Natural Healing • Aseem Malhotra • Konstantin Monastyrsky • Marika Sboros • Malcolm Kendrick • Gary Taubes • Consumer Health Digest • James DiNicolantonio • Dwight Lundell • Chris Kresser • Frank Lipman • Carolyn Dean • William Davis • Anthony William • Josh Axe • Nasha Winters • H. L. Newbold • Tim Noakes • Zoë Harcombe • Annee de Mamiel • Sarah Palin • Weston A. Price Foundation • Michael Savage • Gary Null • H2Om • Nancy Appleton • Vinnie Tortorich • MeMe Roth • Environmental Working Group • Eric Berg • Varg Vikernes • Shawn Baker • Hunter Avallone • David Perlmutter • Jake Angeli • Church of Scientology • Kevin Trudeau • Kurt Saxon • Jack Dorsey • Steve Pavlina • TruthWiki • Lew Rockwell • Steve Jobs • NaturalNews • Jethro Kloss • Jordan Peterson • Jason Fung • Vegan Artbook • Paul Saladino • Truthstream Media • Jimmy Moore • Max Lugavere • Vegan Gains • Tom Naughton • Robert F. Kennedy Jr. • Ray Peat • Joel D. Wallach •
| Diet woo: |  Blood type diet • Breatharianism • Jesus diet • Lemonade diet • Ephedrine • Fasting • Macrobiotics • Organic food • Raw foodism • Doughism • Alkaline diet • Self help • Paleo diet • French paradox • Nutritional supplement • Gerson Therapy • Herbalife • Vitamin D • Creatine • Raw milk movement • Gluten-free • Anti-oxidants • Squirrel diet • Vitamin and mineral supplements • Soy • Trans fat • Errol Denton • Coconut oil • Glycemic index • Isagenix • Subway diet • Agave nectar • Sweeteners • High-fructose corn syrup • Neti pot • Milk • Bulletproof diet • Pro-ana • Carnivora • Geophagia • Holland & Barrett • Weigh down diet • Clean living movement • Edward Howell • Bone broth • Palm oil • Jack Dorsey • Carrot • Diet soda • Food dye • Low-carb diet • Carnivore diet • Vitamin C • Steve Pavlina • Lew Rockwell • Steve Jobs • Jeanette Winterson • Onion • Helminthic therapy • Mediterranean diet • Fad diet •
| Supplement woo: |  Ellagic acid • Apple cider vinegar • Canola oil • Aspartame • Chlorella • Chlorophyll • Coconut oil • Creatine • E number • Rooibos tea • Açaí berry • Vitamin D • Salt woo • Matt Cahill • Vitamin and mineral supplements • Soylent Green • Rick Scott • Dietary supplements • Consumer Health Digest • Activated charcoal • CEASE therapy • Vitamin C •
| Toxin woo: |  Aspartame • Canola oil • Microwave • Broccoli • Cleanse • Chemophobia • Candida • Nitrites • Lead • Mercury • Trans fat • E number • Monosodium glutamate • Food allergy • DDT • Colloidal silver • Arsenic • Aristolochia • Alcohol • Median lethal dose • Ayahuasca • Activated charcoal • Water • Polonium • Botox • Radium • Uranium • Real Water • Toxin •
| Bodybuilding woo: |  ECA stack • Creatine • Ephedrine • Fad diet • Urban caveman movement • Anti-Gym • Human chorionic gonadotrophin • Bodybuilding woo • Broscience • Bold and Determined • Human growth hormone • The Golden One • Joe Rogan • Shawn Baker • Carnivore diet •
| GMO: |  March Against Monsanto • Monsanto • GMO A Go Go • Seeds of Death • Mark Lynas • Michael Pollan • GreenMedInfo • Judy Carman • Vandana Shiva • Bill Maher • Liberty Beacon • Food, Inc • Food Babe • Gilles-Eric Séralini • Nassim Nicholas Taleb • Glyphosate • AlterNet • FAQ on genetically modified food • Kevin Folta • Beppe Grillo • Jill Stein • TruthWiki • Genetically modified food • Golden Rice • Kyle Kulinski • The Non-GMO Project • Environmental Working Group • Fair trade • The Young Turks • Frank Lipman • American Academy of Environmental Medicine • Chidambaram Subramaniam • M.S. Swaminathan • Norman Borlaug • Percy Schmeiser • Jimmy Dore • Immortal Technique • David Dees • NaturalNews • Truthstream Media • Zachary K. Hubbard • Matt Walsh •