Carbonate minerals

Calcite crystals from the Sweetwater Mine, Viburnum Trend District, Reynolds County, Missouri; 6.2 × 6 × 3.3 cm

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion, CO32−.

## Contents

* 1 Carbonate divisions
* 1.1 Anhydrous carbonates
* 1.2 Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas
* 1.3 Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen
* 1.4 Hydrated carbonates
* 2 Nickel–Strunz classification -05- carbonates
* 2.1 Class: carbonates
* 2.2 Class: nitrates
* 3 References

## Carbonate divisions

### Anhydrous carbonates

Rhodochrosite, Sweet Home Mine, Alma, Colorado; 5.2 × 4.2 × 2.3 cm Smithsonite, Silver Bill Mine, Dragoon Mts, Cochise County, Arizona; 4.8 × 4.1 × 2.4 cm

* Calcite group: trigonal
* Calcite CaCO3
* Gaspeite (Ni,Mg,Fe2+)CO3
* Magnesite MgCO3
* Otavite CdCO3
* Rhodochrosite MnCO3
* Siderite FeCO3
* Smithsonite ZnCO3
* Spherocobaltite CoCO3
* Aragonite group: orthorhombic
* Aragonite CaCO3
* Cerussite PbCO3
* Strontianite SrCO3
* Witherite BaCO3
* Rutherfordine UO2CO3
* Natrite Na2CO3

### Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas

Dolomite with calcite and chalcopyrite from the Picher Field, Tri-State district, Cherokee County, Kansas; 12.0 × 9.7 × 4.3 cm

* Dolomite group: trigonal
* Ankerite CaFe(CO3)2
* Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2
* Huntite Mg3Ca(CO3)4
* Minrecordite CaZn(CO3)2
* Barytocalcite BaCa(CO3)2

### Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen

Azurite and malachite, Beaver Dam Mts, Washington County, Utah; 5.1 × 3.9 × 2.4 cm

* Carbonate with hydroxide: monoclinic
* Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
* Hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
* Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2
* Rosasite (Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2
* Phosgenite Pb2(CO3)Cl2
* Hydrozincite Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
* Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6

### Hydrated carbonates

* Hydromagnesite Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O
* Ikaite CaCO3·6(H2O)
* Lansfordite MgCO3·5(H2O)
* Monohydrocalcite CaCO3·H2O
* Natron Na2CO3·10(H2O)
* Zellerite Ca(UO2)(CO3)2·5(H2O)

The carbonate class in both the Dana and the Strunz classification systems include the nitrates.[1][2]

## Nickel–Strunz classification -05- carbonates

Hanksite, Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl, one of the few minerals that is considered a carbonate and a sulfate Photomicrographs of a thin section containing carbonate vein in mica rich rock. In cross-polarized light on left, plane-polarized light on right.

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009).[3] This list uses the classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).[2]

* Abbreviations:
* "*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
* "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
* "REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
* "PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
* 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
* Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
* Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
* Cyclo: ring
* Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
* Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
* Tekto: three-dimensional framework
* Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
* NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
* X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
* Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
* ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

### Class: carbonates

* 05.A Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
* 05.AA Alkali carbonates: 05 Zabuyelite; 10 Gregoryite, 10 Natrite; 15 Nahcolite, 20 Kalicinite, 25 Teschemacherite, 30 Wegscheiderite
* 05.AB Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates: 05 Calcite, 05 Gaspeite, 05 Magnesite, 05 Rhodochrosite, 05 Otavite, 05 Spherocobaltite, 05 Siderite, 05 Smithsonite; 10 Ankerite, 10 Dolomite, 10 Kutnohorite, 10 Minrecordite; 15 Cerussite, 15 Aragonite, 15 Strontianite, 15 Witherite; 20 Vaterite, 25 Huntite, 30 Norsethite, 35 Alstonite; 40 Olekminskite, 40 Paralstonite; 45 Barytocalcite, 50 Carbocernaite, 55 Benstonite, 60 Juangodoyite
* 05.AC Alkali and alkali-earth carbonates: 05 Eitelite, 10 Nyerereite, 10 Natrofairchildite, 10 Zemkorite; 15 Butschliite, 20 Fairchildite, 25 Shortite; 30 Sanromanite, 30 Burbankite, 30 Calcioburbankite, 30 Khanneshite
* 05.AD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Sahamalite-(Ce); 15 Rémondite-(Ce), 15 Petersenite-(Ce), 15 Rémondite-(La); 20 Paratooite-(La)
* 05.B Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
* 05.BA With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn: 05 Azurite, 10 Chukanovite, 10 Malachite, 10 Georgeite, 10 Pokrovskite, 10 Nullaginite, 10 Glaukosphaerite, 10 Mcguinnessite, 10 Kolwezite, 10 Rosasite, 10 Zincrosasite; 15 Aurichalcite, 15 Hydrozincite; 20 Holdawayite, 25 Defernite; 30 Loseyite, 30 Sclarite
* 05.BB With alkalies, etc.: 05 Barentsite, 10 Dawsonite, 15 Tunisite, 20 Sabinaite
* 05.BC With alkali-earth cations: 05 Brenkite, 10 Rouvilleite, 15 Podlesnoite
* 05.BD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Cordylite-(Ce), 05 Lukechangite-(Ce); 10 Kukharenkoite-(La), 10 Kukharenkoite-(Ce), 10 Zhonghuacerite-(Ce); 15 Cebaite-(Nd), 15 Cebaite-(Ce); 20a Bastnasite-(Ce), 20a Bastnasite-(La), 20a Bastnasite-(Y), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(La), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Nd), 20a Thorbastnasite, 20b Parisite-(Nd), 20b Parisite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Nd), 20c Synchysite-(Y), 20d Rontgenite-(Ce); 25 Horvathite-(Y), 30 Qaqarssukite-(Ce), 35 Huanghoite-(Ce)
* 05.BE With Pb, Bi: 05 Shannonite, 10 Hydrocerussite, 15 Plumbonacrite, 20 Phosgenite, 25 Bismutite, 30 Kettnerite, 35 Beyerite
* 05.BF With (Cl), SO4, PO4, TeO3: 05 Northupite, 05 Ferrotychite, 05 Manganotychite, 05 Tychite; 10 Bonshtedtite, 10 Crawfordite, 10 Bradleyitev, 10 Sidorenkite, 15 Daqingshanite-(Ce), 20 Reederite-(Y), 25 Mineevite-(Y), 30 Brianyoungite, 35 Philolithite; 40 Macphersonitev, 40 Susannite, 40 Leadhillite
* 05.C Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
* 05.CA With medium-sized cations: 05 Nesquehonite, 10 Lansfordite, 15 Barringtonite, 20 Hellyerite
* 05.CB With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates): 05 Thermonatrite, 10 Natron, 15 Trona, 20 Monohydrocalcite, 25 Ikaite, 30 Pirssonite, 35 Gaylussite, 40 Chalconatronite, 45 Baylissite, 50 Tuliokite
* 05.CC With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Donnayite-(Y), 05 Mckelveyite-(Nd)*, 05 Mckelveyite-(Y), 05 Weloganite; 10 Tengerite-(Y), 15 Lokkaite-(Y); 20 Shomiokite-(Y), 20 IMA2008-069; 25 Calkinsite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(La), 25 Lanthanite-(Nd); 30 Adamsite-(Y), 35 Decrespignyite-(Y), 40 Galgenbergite-(Ce), 45 Ewaldite, 50 Kimuraite-(Y)
* 05.D Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
* 05.DA With medium-sized cations: 05 Dypingite, 05 Giorgiosite, 05 Hydromagnesite, 05 Widgiemoolthalite; 10 Artinite, 10 Chlorartinite; 15 Otwayite, 20 Kambaldaite, 25 Callaghanite, 30 Claraite; 35 Hydroscarbroite, 35 Scarbroite; 40 Charmarite-3T, 40 Charmarite-2H, 40 Caresite, 40 Quintinite-2H, 40 Quintinite-3T; 45 Brugnatellite, 45 Barbertonite, 45 Chlormagaluminite, 45 Zaccagnaite, 45 Manasseite, 45 Sjogrenite; 50 Desautelsite, 50 Comblainite, 50 Hydrotalcite, 50 Pyroaurite, 50 Reevesite, 50 Stichtite, 50 Takovite; 55 Coalingite, 60 Karchevskyite, 65 Indigirite, 70 Zaratite
* 05.DB With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Alumohydrocalcite, 05 Para-alumohydrocalcite, 05 Nasledovite; 10 Dresserite, 10 Dundasite, 10 Strontiodresserite, 10 Petterdite, 10 Kochsandorite; 15 Hydrodresserite, 20 Schuilingite-(Nd), 25 Sergeevite, 30 Szymanskiite, 35 Montroyalite
* 05.DC With large cations: 05 Ancylite-(Ce), 05 Ancylite-(La), 05 Gysinite-(Nd), 05 Calcioancylite-(Ce), 05 Calcioancylite-(Nd), 05 Kozoite-(La), 05 Kozoite-(Nd); 10 Kamphaugite-(Y), 15 Sheldrickite, 20 Thomasclarkite-(Y), 25 Peterbaylissite, 30 Clearcreekite, 35 Niveolanite
* 05.E Uranyl carbonates
* 05.EA UO2:CO3 > 1:1: 10 Urancalcarite, 15 Wyartite, 20 Oswaldpeetersite, 25 Roubaultite, 30 Kamotoite-(Y), 35 Sharpite
* 05.EB UO2:CO3 = 1:1: 05 Rutherfordine, 10 Blatonite, 15 Joliotite, 20 Bijvoetite-(Y)
* 05.EC UO2:CO3 < 1:1 - 1:2: 05 Fontanite; 10 Metazellerite, 10 Zellerite
* 05.ED UO2:CO3 = 1:3: 05 Bayleyite, 10 Swartzite, 15 Albrechtschraufite, 20 Liebigite, 25 Rabbittite, 30 Andersonite, 35 Grimselite, 40 Widenmannite, 45 Znucalite, 50 Cejkaite
* 05.EE UO2:CO3 = 1:4: 05 Voglite, 10 Shabaite-(Nd)
* 05.EF UO2:CO3 = 1:5: 05 Astrocyanite-(Ce)
* 05.EG With SO4 or SiO4: 05 Schrockingerite, 10 Lepersonnite-(Gd)

### Class: nitrates

* 05.N Nitrates
* 05.NA Without OH or H2O: 05 Nitratine, 10 Niter, 15 Gwihabaite, 20 Nitrobarite
* 05.NB With OH: 05 Gerhardtite, 05 Rouaite
* 05.NC With H2O: 05 Nitromagnesite, 10 Nitrocalcite
* 05.ND With OH (etc.) and H2O: 05 Likasite, 10 Mbobomkulite, 15 Hydrombobomkulite, 20 Sveite

## References

1. ↑ Dana Classification on Webmineral.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Strunz Classification on Webmineral.
3. ↑ Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel; Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals". Eur. J. Mineral. 21: 1073–1080. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Mills et al 2009 Groups EJM October.pdf.

* Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., ISBN 0-471-80580-7
* "IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names". IMA-CNMNC. March 2009. http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01 UPDATE 160309.pdf.

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white;">IMA–CNMNC / Nickel–Strunz IDs
Mineral categories (classes, subclasses, divisions)

"Special cases"
("native elements and organic minerals")|

* "Native elements" (IDs 1)
* Organic minerals (IDs 10)

"Sulfides and oxides"|

* Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F)
* Sulfosalts; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G)

* Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K)
* Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M)

* Oxides (IDs 4.A–E, e.g. pyrochlore supergroup and corundum group)

* Hydroxides (IDs 4.F–G)
* "Arsenites", "sulfites" and iodates (IDs 4.J–K)

* Tellurium oxysalts
* Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)

"Evaporites and similars"|

* Carbonates (IDs 5.A–E)
* Nitrates (IDs 5.N)
* Borates (IDs 6)
* Halides (IDs 3)

"Mineral structures with tetrahedral units"
(sulfate anion, phosphate anion,
silicon, etc.)|

* Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates)

* Sulfates (IDs 7.A–E)
* Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J)

* Chromates (IDs 7.F)
* Molybdates, wolframates, niobates (IDs 7.G–H)

* Phosphates (IDs 8)
* Arsenates, vanadates (IDs 8)

* Monomeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A)
* Germanates (IDs 9.J)

* Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates

* Zeolite frameworks, zeolite family (IDs 9.G)

* Other zeolitic frameworks: nephelines (IDs 9.FA.05)
* Cancrinite-sodalite groups (IDs 9.FB.)

* Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g. feldspars)

* Other silicate frameworks

* Cyclosilicates (IDs 9.C)
* Phyllosilicates (IDs 9.E, e.g. clays)
* Silica family (IDs 4.DA.)

* Inosilicates

* Single chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. pyroxenes)

* Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. amphiboles)

* Other non monomeric minerals

* Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H)

* Sorosilicates (IDs 9.B, e.g. epidote and seidozerite supergroups)

* Polymeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A, e.g. olivine and gadolinite supergroups)

* Other inorganic polymers (e.g. polyoxometalates; "polyphosphates", IDs 8.F)

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