Speech Synthesis Markup Language

Short description: XML-based markup language

Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) is an XML-based markup language for speech synthesis applications. It is a recommendation of the W3C's Voice Browser Working Group. SSML is often embedded in VoiceXML scripts to drive interactive telephony systems. However, it also may be used alone, such as for creating audio books. For desktop applications, other markup languages are popular, including Apple's embedded speech commands, and Microsoft's SAPI Text to speech (TTS) markup, also an XML language. It is also used to produce sounds via Azure Cognitive Services' Text to Speech API or when writing third-party skills for Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa.

SSML is based on the Java Speech Markup Language (JSML) developed by Sun Microsystems, although the current recommendation was developed mostly by speech synthesis vendors. It covers virtually all aspects of synthesis, although some areas have been left unspecified, so each vendor accepts a different variant of the language. Also, in the absence of markup, the synthesizer is expected to do its own interpretation of the text.

## Contents

* 1 Example
* 2 Features
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Example

Here is an example of an SSML document:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<speak xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
version="1.0">
<metadata>
<dc:title xml:lang="en">Telephone Menu: Level 1</dc:title>
</metadata>

<p>
<s xml:lang="en-US">
<voice name="David" gender="male" age="25">
For English, press <emphasis>one</emphasis>.
</voice>
</s>
<s xml:lang="es-MX">
<voice name="Miguel" gender="male" age="25">
Para español, oprima el <emphasis>dos</emphasis>.
</voice>
</s>
</p>

</speak>

## Features

SSML specifies a fair amount of markup for prosody, which is not apparent in the above example. This includes markup for

* pitch
* contour
* pitch range
* rate
* duration
* volume

## See also

* Pronunciation Lexicon Specification (PLS)
* Speech Recognition Grammar Specification (SRGS)
* Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition (SISR)
* SABLE speech synthesis markup language, intended to combine SSML, STML, and JSML

## References

## External links

* W3C SSML 1.1 Recommendation
* W3C SSML 1.0 Recommendation
* Introduction to SSML on XML.com

* v
* t
* e

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Products and
standards|

| Recommendations|

* ActivityPub
* ARIA
* Canonical XML
* CDF
* CSS
* DOM
* Geolocation API
* HTML (HTML5)
* ITS
* JSON-LD
* Linked Data Notifications
* MathML
* Micropub
* OWL
* PLS
* RDF
* RDF Schema
* SISR
* SKOS
* SMIL
* SOAP
* SRGS
* SRI
* SSML
* SVG
* SCXML
* SHACL
* SPARQL
* Timed text
* VoiceXML
* Web storage
* WSDL
* Webmention
* WebSub
* XForms
* XHTML
* XHTML+RDFa
* XInclude
* XLink
* XML
* XML Base
* XML Encryption
* XML Events
* XML Information Set
* XML namespace
* XML Schema
* XML Signature
* XOP
* XPath
* XPath 2.0
* XPointer
* XProc
* XQuery
* XSL
* XSL-FO
* XSLT (elements)

|

Notes|

* IndieAuth
* JF2
* Post Type Discovery
* XAdES
* XHTML+SMIL
* XUP

Working drafts|

* CCXML
* CURIE
* EME
* InkML
* MSE
* RIF
* SMIL Timesheets
* sXBL
* XFDL
* XFrames
* XBL
* XMLHttpRequest

Guidelines|

* Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

Initiative|

* Multimodal Interaction Activity (MMI)
* Markup Validation Service
* Web Accessibility Initiative
* WebPlatform

Deprecated|

* C-HTML
* HDML
* JSSS
* PGML
* VML
* XHTML+MathML+SVG

Obsoleted|

* P3P

Organizations|

* Advisory Committee (AC)
* World Wide Web Foundation

Elected groups|

* Advisory Board (AB)

Working groups|

* CSS
* Geolocation
* Social Web
* SVG
* Web Hypertext Application Technology (WHATWG)
* Web Platform

Community groups|

* Web Incubator Community Group (WICG)

Closed groups|

* Device Description (DDWG)
* HTML

Software|

* CERN httpd
* Libwww

Browsers|

* Line Mode (1990–)
* Arena (1993–98)
* Agora (1994–97)
* Argo (1994–97)
* Amaya (browser/editor, 1996–2012)

Conferences|

* International World Wide Web Conference (IW3C)
* Steering Committee (IW3C2)
* First conference ("WWW1", 1994)

* v
* t
* e

Speech synthesis

Free software|

| Speaking|

* eSpeak]]/eSpeakNG
* Gnopernicus
* Gnuspeech
* Orca
* Festival Speech Synthesis System/Flite
* FreeTTS
* Automatik Text Reader

|

Singing|

* eCantorix
* Lyricos / Flinger
* Sinsy

Proprietary
software|

| Speaking|

* DECtalk
* Software Automatic Mouth
* Talk It!
* Microsoft Agent
* Microsoft Speech API
* Microsoft text-to-speech voices
* Readspeaker
* Voice browser
* CoolSpeech
* IVONA
* CereProc
* CeVIO Creative Studio
* Voiceroid
* LaLaVoice

|

Singing|

* Alter/Ego
* Cantor
* CeVIO Creative Studio
* Chipspeech
* Symphonic Choirs
* Vocaloid
* NIAONiao Virtual Singer
* Vocalina
* Utau
* Realivox
* PPG Phonem

Machine|

* Echo 2
* Mockingboard
* Pattern playback
* Phasor
* RIAS
* Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips
* General Instrument SP0256
* TuVox

Applications|

* AOLbyPhone
* DialogOS
* Dr. Sbaitso
* MBROLA
* Microsoft Narrator
* Microsoft Speech Server
* PlainTalk
* Voice font

Protocols|

* Speech Synthesis Markup Language
* SABLE
* VoiceXML

Developers/
Researchers|

* Alan W. Black
* Catherine Browman
* Franklin Seaney Cooper
* Gunnar Fant
* Haskins Laboratories
* Wolfgang von Kempelen
* Ignatius Mattingly
* Philip Rubin
* Yamaha

Process|

* Articulatory synthesis
* Concatenative synthesis
* Currah
* Inverse filter
* PSOLA
* Phase vocoder
* Self-voicing

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