Potency (pharmacology)

Short description: Measure of drug activity

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Concentration-response curves illustrating the concept of potency. For a response of 0.25a.u., Drug B is more potent, as it generates this response at a lower concentration. For a response of 0.75a.u., Drug A is more potent. a.u. refers to "arbitrary units".

In pharmacology, potency or biological potency[1] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity.[2] A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, alprazolam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness or more side effects.

## Contents

* 1 Types of potency
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading

## Types of potency

The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) has stated that "potency is an imprecise term that should always be further defined",[2] and lists of types of potency as follows:

Type of potency  | Symbol  | Definition

|
|

Effective dose  | EDA50 | It is the minimum dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response in 50% of a population being studied.
Median lethal dose  | LDA50 | For either drugs or toxins, it is a toxic unit that measures the minimum dose that causes death (lethal dose) in 50% of cases.
Median toxic dose  | TDA50 | It is the minimum dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases.
Half maximal effective concentration | ECA50 | It is a measure of the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a biological response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time.
In other words, it can be defined as the concentration required to obtain a 50% effect.[3]
Half maximal inhibitory concentration | ICA50 | It is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function.

## See also

* Reaction inhibitor § Potency

## References

1. ↑ MILES AA, PERRY EL. Biological potency and its relation to therapeutic efficacy. Bull World Health Organ. 1953;9(1):1-14. PMID: 13082386; PMCID: PMC2542104.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "International Union of Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification. XXXVIII. Update on terms and symbols in quantitative pharmacology". Pharmacological Reviews 55 (4): 597–606. December 2003. doi:10.1124/pr.55.4.4. PMID 14657418. https://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/55/4/597.
3. ↑ "Introducing dose response curves". Graphpad Software. http://www.graphpad.com/curvefit/introduction89.htm.

## Further reading

* Harris, Robert (2012-10-09). "Formulating High Potency Drugs". Contract Pharma. http://www.contractpharma.com/issues/2012-10/view_features/formulating-high-potency-drugs/.
* Integrated Pharmacology (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. 2006. ISBN 978-0-323-04080-8.

https://www.addictioncenter.com/news/2019/08/15-most-dangerous-drugs/ https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/commonly-used-drugs-charts#top

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Pharmacology

Ligand (biochemistry)|

| Excitatory|

* Agonist
* Endogenous agonist
* Irreversible agonist
* Partial agonist
* Superagonist
* Physiological agonist

|

Inhibitory|

* Antagonist
* Competitive antagonist
* Irreversible antagonist
* Physiological antagonist
* Inverse agonist
* Enzyme inhibitor

|

* Drug
* Neurotransmitter
* Agonist-antagonist
* Pharmacophore

Pharmacodynamics|

| Activity at receptor|

* Mechanism of action
* Mode of action
* Binding
* Receptor (biochemistry)
* Desensitization (pharmacology)

|

Other effects of ligand|

* Selectivity (Binding, Functional)
* Pleiotropy (drugs)
* Non-specific effect of vaccines
* Adverse effects
* Toxicity (Neurotoxicity)

|

Analysis|

* Dose–response relationship
* Hill equation (biochemistry)
* Schild plot
* Del Castillo Katz model
* Cheng-Prussoff Equation
* Methods (Organ bath, Ligand binding assay, Patch-clamp)

|

Metrics|

* Efficacy
* Intrinsic activity
* Potency (EC50, IC50, ED50, LD50, TD50)
* Therapeutic index
* Affinity

|

Pharmacokinetics|

| Metrics|

* Loading dose
* Volume of distribution (Initial)
* Rate of infusion
* Onset of action
* Biological half-life
* Plasma protein binding
* Bioavailability

|

LADME|

* (L)ADME: (Liberation)
* Absorption
* Distribution
* Metabolism
* Excretion (Clearance)

|

* Compartment
* Bioequivalence

Related
fields|

| Neuroscience and psychology|

* Neuropsychopharmacology
* Neuropharmacology
* Psychopharmacology
* Electrophysiology

|

Medicine|

* Clinical pharmacology
* Pharmacy
* Medicinal chemistry
* Pharmacoepidemiology

|

Biochemistry and genetics|

* Pharmacoinformatics
* Pharmacogenetics
* Pharmacogenomics

|

Toxicology|

* Pharmacotoxicology
* Neurotoxicology

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Drug discovery|

* Classical pharmacology
* Reverse pharmacology

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* Photopharmacology
* Immunopharmacology
* Cell biology
* Physiology

Other|

* Coinduction (anaesthetics)
* Combination therapy
* Functional analog (chemistry)
* Polypharmacology
* Chemotherapy
* List of drugs
* WHO list of essential medicines

| Tolerance and resistance|

* Drug tolerance
* Tachyphylaxis
* Drug resistance
* Antibiotic resistance
* Multiple drug resistance

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Antimicrobial pharmacology|

* Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics
* Minimum inhibitory concentration
* Bacteriostatic
* Minimum bactericidal concentration
* Bactericide

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